407 lines
50 KiB
XML
407 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="32BB692615D1FC87C31F0A4B18E909F8" ID-CLB-Dataset="8413" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4853.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ffa72e0-c3b8-4c3c-8b64-a39dab962daa" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411060" ID-ZooBank="948793DC-3873-4C14-8239-E30ED790E56A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609605308474" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pivar, Robert J., Sinclair, Bradley J. & Moulton, John K." docDate="2020" docId="038F6D29FFCAFFA585DBFA72FBE313A2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4853.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4853 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Austrothaumalea apicalis Edwards 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="514" masterDocId="FFB61551FFC9FFA0854CFFD3FF951007" masterDocTitle="Revision of the South American species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir (Diptera Thaumaleidae)" masterLastPageNumber="526" masterPageNumber="509" pageNumber="512" updateTime="1698851343633" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="44523A527D67ED85F9954CA6ADD74EF8">Revision of the South American species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir (Diptera Thaumaleidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2D817CE178F2188A7755698348F81F5C">Pivar, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="49AE1F21E0E996E72035F3888D9A2239">The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, U. S. A. & robertjpivar @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2642 - 0524</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FF329ECDAB799099F7A59E45D102DA61" type="email">robertjpivar@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DD42C8CAE6651181C8693F7DE3EF6870">Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB41BD07070DCFA8CEFAE1BC69C273E2">Canadian National Collection of Insects and Canadian Food Inspection Agency, K. W. Neatby Building, C. E. F., 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K 1 A 0 C 6. bradley. sinclair @ canada. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6413 - 1606</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5636AF578827D7AA59871600DBFF3F1D" type="email">bradley.sinclair@canada.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9142FA0E3BBA87FE4422467F0A07CA02">Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C79993BFDDA39FD275431AFF783D8AEC">The University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2505 E. J. Chapman Drive, 370 Plant Biotechnology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, U. S. A. & jmoulton @ utk. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8760 - 3274</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="920F4F325EB112DF269364968F273A32">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4B7B5E8D3F14F730A67A9BC255244DC2">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2B38779FD9747069E9B34B899719EC7D">4853</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038F6D29FFCAFFA585DBFA72FBE313A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4410953" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177255631" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4410953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F6D29FFCAFFA585DBFA72FBE313A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6D29FFCAFFA585DBFA72FBE313A2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
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<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCAFFA385DBFA72FDD015BB" blockId="3.[151,581,1441,1505]" box="[151,581,1441,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
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<heading id="D0D16B53FFCAFFA385DBFA72FDD015BB" bold="true" box="[151,581,1441,1468]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCAFFA385DBFA72FDD015BB" ID-CoL="JYDK" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,581,1441,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA385DBFA72FDD015BB" bold="true" box="[151,581,1441,1468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA385DBFA72FE5B15BB" bold="true" box="[151,462,1441,1468]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Austrothaumalea apicalis</emphasis>
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Edwards
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFCAFFA385DBFA15FE7515E7" box="[151,480,1478,1505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCAFFA385DBFA15FE7515E7" blockId="3.[151,581,1441,1505]" box="[151,480,1478,1505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCAFFA385D3FA15FF6915E7" box="[159,252,1478,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-267@4.[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult habitus photographs of Austrothaumalea, lateral view. A, A. apicalis (♂); B, A. spatulata (♂); C, A. chilensis (♂); D, A. fredericki sp. nov. (♂); E, A. setipennis stat. rev. (♀). R2+3, second + third radial vein. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411066/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCAFFA38444FA15FEB815E7" box="[264,301,1478,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp.nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere.Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411068/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">4A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCAFFA38474FA15FEC815E6" box="[312,349,1478,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,280,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-79@8.[151,1436,273,1870]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp. nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere. Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411070/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">5A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCAFFA38424FA15FE1B15E7" box="[360,398,1478,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[174,1435,208,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ventral views of female Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. setipennis stat. rev.; D, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hypct, hypoproct; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; lat arm, lateral arms; spthc, spermatheca.. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411072/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">6A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCAFFA384D5FA15FE2B15E7" box="[409,446,1478,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-106@12.[151,1436,345,1825]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral views of female Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. setipennis stat. rev.; D, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hypct, hypoproct; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; lat arm, lateral arm; spthc p, spermathecal pump. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411074/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">7A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCAFFA38485FA15FE4215E7" box="[457,471,1478,1504]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Known distribution of South American Austrothaumalea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411076/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFCAFFA385DBF9D9FD381667" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCAFFA385DBF9D9FDE61625" blockId="3.[151,1436,1546,1632]" box="[151,627,1546,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB36FB11FFCAFFA385DBF9D9FDE61625" box="[151,627,1546,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A87FA2EFFCAFFA385DBF9D9FDFA1625" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[151,623,1546,1570]" page="113" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" year="1930">
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<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCAFFA385DBF9D9FDFA1625" ID-CoL="JYDK" authority="Edwards, 1930: 113" authorityName="Edwards" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,623,1546,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA385DBF9D9FE0E1625" box="[151,411,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Austrothaumalea apicalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFCAFFA384EEF9D9FDFA1625" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[418,623,1546,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" refId="ref10132" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1930) Part II: Bibionidae, Scatopsidae, Cecidomyiidae, Culicidae, Thaumaleidae (Orphnephilidae), Anisopodidae (Rhyphidae). In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2. British Museum of Natural History, London, pp. 111 - 114." type="book" year="1930">Edwards, 1930: 113</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCAFFA385DBF9FAFD381667" blockId="3.[151,1436,1546,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
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Other references:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFCAFFA38402F9FAFE761646" author="Stone, A." box="[334,483,1577,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref10945" refString="Stone, A. (1966) 13. Family Thaumaleidae (Orphnephilidae). In: A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 2." type="book chapter" year="1966">Stone, 1966: 1</bibRefCitation>
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(catalogue);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFCAFFA38725F9FAFCBC1646" author="Arnaud Jr., P. H." box="[617,809,1577,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" pagination="283 - 285" refId="ref9820" refString="Arnaud Jr., P. H. (1977) Thaumaleidae. In: Hurlbert, S. H. (Ed.), Biota Acuatica de Sudamerica Austral. San Diego State University, San Diego, California, pp. 283 - 285." type="book chapter" year="1977">Arnaud, 1977: 284</bibRefCitation>
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(distribution);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFCAFFA3868FF9FAFB2E1646" author="Theischinger, G." box="[963,1211,1577,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" pagination="291 - 317" refId="ref10993" refString="Theischinger, G. (1986) Australian Thaumaleidae (Insecta: Diptera). Records of the Australian Museum, 38, 291 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.38.1986.184" type="journal article" year="1986">Theischinger, 1986: 316</bibRefCitation>
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(phylogenetic discussion);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFCAFFA3844BF99BFE521667" author="Sinclair, B. J." box="[263,455,1608,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref10816" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (2008 b) New species of Austrothaumalea Tonnoir from Australia (Diptera: Thaumaleidae). Records of the Austra- lian Museum, 60, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.60.2008.1490" type="journal article" year="2008">Sinclair, 2008b: 12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCAFFA3849AF99BFD9E1667" ID-CoL="67ZBS" authorityName="Theischinger" authorityYear="1986" box="[470,523,1608,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
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||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA3849AF99BFD9E1667" box="[470,523,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">fusca</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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species group).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFCAFFA385DBF95DFBE717A3" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCAFFA385DBF95DFAEA1713" blockId="3.[151,1437,1677,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA385DBF95DFE5516A0" bold="true" box="[151,448,1677,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Type material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFCAFFA38484F95DFC881713" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308311" collectingDate="1926-12-01" collectionCode="TYPE, BMNH" collectorName="F. W. Edwards" country="Argentina" location="Rio Negro" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" specimenCode="NHMUK010210687" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Rio Negro" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA38484F95DFDAB16AF" bold="true" box="[456,574,1678,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
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<typeStatus id="549D629DFFCAFFA38484F95DFDAC16AF" box="[456,569,1678,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFCAFFA38709F95DFDCF16AF" box="[581,602,1678,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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, minuten pinned with right wing mounted on plastic card, pinned beneath specimen, abdomen mounted in resin, labelled: “Bariloche./
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<date id="FF98FAFFFFCAFFA38602F961FC5316CB" box="[846,966,1714,1740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" value="1926-12-01">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFDC0317FFCAFFA38602F961FC5316CB" box="[846,966,1714,1740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" value="1926-12-01">1.xii.1926</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.”; “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCAFFA386A1F961FB3A16CB" authorityName="Tonnoir. Two" authorityYear="1927" box="[1005,1199,1714,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrothaumalea</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCAFFA3818DF961FA8216CB" authority="Edw." authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[1217,1303,1714,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Edw./
|
||
<collectorName id="26D3B9E9FFCAFFA38025F961FF6D16F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">F.W. Edwards</collectorName>
|
||
/ det. 1930.”; “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319CAFFFCAFFA384D0F905FD8716F7" box="[412,530,1750,1776]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
:/ Terr.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E212DDFFCAFFA3872CF905FD4D16F7" box="[608,728,1750,1776]" country="Argentina" name="Rio Negro" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Rio Negro</collectingRegion>
|
||
./
|
||
<collectorName id="26D3B9E9FFCAFFA387A7F905FC2616F7" box="[747,947,1750,1776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">F. & M. Edwards.</collectorName>
|
||
/ B.M. 1927 – 63.”; “HOLO-/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFCAFFA38044F905FADB16F7" box="[1288,1358,1750,1776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">TYPE</collectionCode>
|
||
[white label with red margin]”; “
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB807444FFCAFFA384F9F929FD361713" box="[437,675,1786,1812]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" type="Museum">NHMUK010210687</specimenCode>
|
||
” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFCAFFA387F7F929FC801713" box="[699,789,1786,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFCAFFA38664F929FAEE1713" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308318" box="[808,1403,1786,1812]" collectingDate="1926-12-01" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="F. W. Edwards" country="Argentina" location="Rio Negro" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Rio Negro" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA38664F929FC0B1713" bold="true" box="[808,926,1786,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D629DFFCAFFA38664F929FC0C1713" box="[808,921,1786,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
same label data as holotype (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFCAFFA381A0F929FA981713" box="[1260,1293,1786,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFCAFFA38056F929FAE61713" box="[1306,1395,1786,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCAFFA3858BF8CEFBE717A3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1677,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA3858BF8CEFEC81730" bold="true" box="[199,349,1821,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Recognition.</emphasis>
|
||
The only described species of South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCAFFA38638F8CDFBA1173F" authorityName="Tonnoir. Two" authorityYear="1927" box="[884,1076,1822,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA38638F8CDFBA1173F" box="[884,1076,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Austrothaumalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with posterior epandrial projections (also present in some Australian species). This feature, along with the more rounded apex of the paramere and concave posterior margin of the gonocoxal plate distinguish it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCAFFA38686F8B5FBC71787" authorityName="Schmid. The" authorityYear="1970" box="[970,1106,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA38686F8B5FBC71787" box="[970,1106,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">A. spatulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCAFFA3812DF8B5FA171787" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[1121,1410,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA3812DF8B5FA171787" box="[1121,1410,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Austrothaumalea apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCAFFA38445F859FE0117A3" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" box="[265,404,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fredericki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA38445F859FE0117A3" box="[265,404,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">A. fredericki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with both having darkened wing tips and yellowish body colour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFCAFFA5858BF87EFDFD12CA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCAFFA4858BF87EFECA10FE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1677,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,651]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA3858BF87EFE5717CF" bold="true" box="[199,450,1965,1992]" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Redescription. Male.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA38487F87CFE4C17CF" box="[459,473,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA38757F87DFDFC17CF" box="[539,617,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Length</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFCAFFA3873EF87DFD5B17CF" box="[626,718,1966,1992]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="512" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCAFFA38797F87DFCF117CF" box="[731,868,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCAFFA3863AF87DFC4717CF" box="[886,978,1966,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-267@4.[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult habitus photographs of Austrothaumalea, lateral view. A, A. apicalis (♂); B, A. spatulata (♂); C, A. chilensis (♂); D, A. fredericki sp. nov. (♂); E, A. setipennis stat. rev. (♀). R2+3, second + third radial vein. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411066/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="512">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head dull, dark brown; pronotum and postpronotum brown; postpronotal lobe brown; prescutum with lateral margins brown; mesoscutum uniformly yellowish brown, shiny; scutellum and mediotergite pale brown, shiny; pteropleuron brown with ill-defined darker markings; halter yellowish brown; legs pale brown, apices of femora and tarsi darkened; abdomen dark brown; terminalia brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCDFFA4858BFED0FB021162" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA4858BFED0FE91111A" box="[199,260,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Eyes above antennae broadly joined, barely exposing frons above antennae. Flagellomeres 1–3 expanded, subquadrate; 1 as long as 2 and 3 combined; flagellomeres 4–10 thin, cylindrical, becoming progressively more elongate. Vertex with yellow setae of uniform length, with a few longer, black orbital setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCDFFA4858BFEBCFBF111AA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA4858BFEBCFE8D118E" box="[199,280,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotal setae longer than scutal setae. Scutum clothed dorsally in short setulae; notopleural, supra-alar and postsutural setae long, black. Pteropleuron bare. All legs with tarsomere 4 bilobed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCDFFA4858BFE64FB291282" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA4858BFE64FE9411D7" box="[199,257,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. Wing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFCDFFA484E6FE64FD9111D6" box="[426,516,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="513" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Lightly infuscate throughout except for distinct dark, apical spot encircling apex of R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA4858BFE3EFF7411FC" attach="left" box="[199,225,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA48462FE3EFEA311FC" attach="left" box="[302,310,493,507]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">1</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCDFFA48409FE08FE0B11F2" box="[325,414,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetId="figure-267@4.[151,1436,669,1599]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult habitus photographs of Austrothaumalea, lateral view. A, A. apicalis (♂); B, A. spatulata (♂); C, A. chilensis (♂); D, A. fredericki sp. nov. (♂); E, A. setipennis stat. rev. (♀). R2+3, second + third radial vein. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411066/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex broadly rounded; C and posterior wing margin with fringe of microtrichia; Sc incomplete; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA485BCFDC2FF6D1218" attach="left" box="[240,248,529,543]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA4840FFDC2FEDE1218" attach="left" box="[323,331,529,543]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">1</subScript>
|
||
(+R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA4843BFDC2FE051218" attach="left" box="[375,400,529,543]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">2+3</subScript>
|
||
) without weakenings or depigmented gaps, with uniseriate row of microtrichia along entire length, remaining veins bare; R flexed into cell br; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA487A0FDE6FC901244" attach="left" box="[748,773,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">2+3</subScript>
|
||
crossvein very weak or absent, at most a faint infuscation, situated slightly beyond midpoint of R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA48704FD8AFDC51260" attach="left" box="[584,592,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">1</subScript>
|
||
(+R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA48730FD8AFD001260" attach="left" box="[636,661,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">2+3</subScript>
|
||
); bend in R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA48657FD8AFCA01260" attach="left" box="[795,821,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">4+5</subScript>
|
||
gentle; R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA486EEFD8AFC291260" attach="left" box="[930,956,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA48147FD8AFB861260" attach="left" box="[1035,1043,601,615]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">1</subScript>
|
||
running parallel toward wing margin; M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA485AFFDAEFF7E128C" attach="left" box="[227,235,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA48476FDAEFED7128C" attach="left" box="[314,322,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">2</subScript>
|
||
straight; M
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA48489FDAEFE58128C" attach="left" box="[453,461,637,651]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">4</subScript>
|
||
slightly sinuous; CuA with basal spur shorter than crossvein m-cu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF598CB7FFCDFFA485DBF985FAD21695" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411066/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="513" startId="4.[151,250,1622,1646]" targetBox="[151,1436,669,1599]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCDFFA485DBF985FAD21695" blockId="4.[151,1437,1622,1688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA485DBF985FE871669" bold="true" box="[151,274,1622,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult habitus photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCDFFA4870FF985FD641669" authorityName="Tonnoir. Two" authorityYear="1927" box="[579,753,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA4870FF985FD641669" box="[579,753,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">Austrothaumalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA48631F985FC001669" bold="true" box="[893,917,1622,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">A,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCDFFA486D7F984FB931669" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[923,1030,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA486D7F984FB931669" box="[923,1030,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">A. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(♂);
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA48171F985FBC11669" bold="true" box="[1085,1108,1622,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">B,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCDFFA48116F984FB461669" authorityName="Schmid. The" authorityYear="1970" box="[1114,1235,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA48116F984FB461669" box="[1114,1235,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">A. spatulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(♂);
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA48046F985FAB61669" bold="true" box="[1290,1315,1622,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">C,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCDFFA48064F984FA081669" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[1320,1437,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA48064F984FA081669" box="[1320,1437,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">A. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(♂);
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA48584F9A9FF741695" bold="true" box="[200,225,1658,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">D,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCDFFA485ABF9A8FEF31695" authority="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton, 2020" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" box="[231,358,1658,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fredericki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA485ABF9A8FEF31695" box="[231,358,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">A. fredericki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA48427F9A9FE291695" bold="true" box="[363,444,1658,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A261BD56FFCDFFA48427F9A9FE291695" box="[363,444,1658,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(♂);
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA484B8F9A9FD9E1695" bold="true" box="[500,523,1658,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">E,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCDFFA4875EF9A8FD061695" authorityName="Pivar & Sinclair & Moulton" authorityYear="2020" box="[530,659,1659,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setipennis" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA4875EF9A8FD061695" box="[530,659,1659,1682]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">A. setipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA487D5F9A9FD601695" bold="true" box="[665,757,1658,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A261BD56FFCDFFA487D5F9A9FD601695" box="[665,757,1658,1682]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(♀). R
|
||
<subScript id="17A2DE7AFFCDFFA48671F959FCC1169F" attach="left" box="[829,852,1674,1688]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">2+3</subScript>
|
||
, second + third radial vein. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCDFFA4858BF913FE0C176D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1728,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA4858BF913FEA416DD" box="[199,305,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal sternites 1–4 not observable due to dissection; sternites 5–6 rectangular, weakly sclerotized, anterior margin well sclerotized, setae restricted to posterior third; sternite 7 rectangular, a few setae on posterior third, weakly sclerotized, anterior margin well sclerotized, arched slightly into preceding sternite; sternite 8 crescent-shaped, bare, weakly sclerotized except for anterior margin slightly more sclerotized and arched slightly into preceding sternite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCDFFA5858BF8A7FAFE111A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1728,2043]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCDFFA4858BF8A7FED41789" box="[199,321,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCDFFA4841FF8A7FE261788" box="[339,435,1908,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp.nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere.Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411068/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCDFFA4848DF8A7FE721788" box="[449,487,1908,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,280,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-79@8.[151,1436,273,1870]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral views of male Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. fredericki sp. nov.; D, A. setipennis stat. rev.; E, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; epand, epandrium; gcx, gonocoxite; gcxP, gonocoxal plate; gst, gonostylus; hypd, hypandrium; pm, paramere. Arrow denotes apical epandrial projection. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411070/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="513">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epandrium trapezoidal from ventral aspect; apical half tapered; posterior margin narrow, slightly indented, with single small tooth-like projection from posterolateral margin. Hypandrium broad in ventral view, wider than basal width of gonostylus; anterior margin not concave. Gonocoxite broadest basally, inner margin nearly parallel, smooth. Gonostylus shorter than gonocoxite, basal quarter straight then gently curved medially; broadest at basal quarter, apical three-quarters uniform in width; apex truncate. Parameres distally fused, three-quarters length of epandrium; expanded irregularly toward apex. Gonocoxal plate weakly sclerotized, apical third tapered, posterior margin slightly concave with posterolateral projection on each corner; nearly half-length of gonocoxite; basally not fused to hypandrium. Cercus weakly sclerotized, situated along midline of epandrium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCCFFA5858BFEF4FE48123A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCCFFA5858BFEF4FEB01146" bold="true" box="[199,293,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCCFFA58462FEF4FEA91147" box="[302,316,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1. Similar to male except as follows:
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCCFFA58642FEF4FCC91146" box="[782,860,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Length</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CDE71DAFFCCFFA58621FEF4FC5D1146" box="[877,968,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCCFFA58699FEF4FBAA1146" box="[981,1087,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Tergites 8–9 noticeably more sclerotized than preceding segments; only anterior margin of sternite 7 well sclerotized.
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCCFFA5813AFE98FB651162" box="[1142,1264,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCCFFA581B3FE98FACB1162" box="[1279,1374,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[174,1435,208,1839]" captionTargetId="figure-30@10.[151,1436,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ventral views of female Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. setipennis stat. rev.; D, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hypct, hypoproct; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; lat arm, lateral arms; spthc, spermatheca.. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411072/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Figs 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCCFFA58025FE98FA051162" box="[1385,1424,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1848,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1817]" captionTargetId="figure-106@12.[151,1436,345,1825]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Lateral views of female Austrothaumalea terminalia. A, A. apicalis; B, A. chilensis; C, A. setipennis stat. rev.; D, A. spatulata. Abbreviations: c, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; hypct, hypoproct; hyp vlv, hypogynial valve; lat arm, lateral arm; spthc p, spermathecal pump. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411074/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
): Hypogynial valve not projected beyond tergite 9; posterior margin rounded with shallow cleft in ventral view; densely setose. Tergite 9 rectangular in lateral view, wider than tergite 8, lacking lateral projections. Sternite 9 (genital fork) thin, rod-shaped, posteriorly divided into two triangular-shaped sclerites; distal margin of lateral arms extended beyond hypogynial valve, arms nearly meeting along midline, golf club-head shaped in lateral view. Hypoproct arched, thin medially. Cercus rounded, projected slightly posterodorsally; bearing numerous setae. Spermathecal ducts not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCCFFA5858BFD94FD821266" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,535,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCCFFA5858BFD94FE0F1267" bold="true" box="[199,410,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Immature Stages.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCCFFA5858BFDB9FDFD12CA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCCFFA5858BFDB9FDD41283" bold="true" box="[199,577,618,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Additional Material Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFCCFFA58704FDB8FB101282" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308306" box="[584,1157,619,645]" collectingDate="1926-11" collectionCode="R" country="Argentina" location="Bariloche" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Negro">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319CAFFFCCFFA58704FDB8FD651282" box="[584,752,619,645]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E212DDFFCCFFA587B0FDB8FCE21282" box="[764,887,619,645]" country="Argentina" name="Rio Negro" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Rio Negro</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF98AE4FFCCFFA586CFFDB8FC661282" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F6D29FFCAFFA585DBFA72FBE313A2:8EF98AE4FFCCFFA586CFFDB8FC661282" box="[899,1011,619,645]" country="Argentina" name="Bariloche" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" stateProvince="Rio Negro">Bariloche</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF98FAFFFFCCFFA5814CFDB8FBF41282" box="[1024,1121,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" value="1926-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC0317FFCCFFA5814CFDB8FBF41282" box="[1024,1121,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" value="1926-11">XI-1926</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFCCFFA58123FDB8FB101282" box="[1135,1157,619,645]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. &
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFCCFFA581E3FDB8FF5812AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308308" collectionCode="USNM-" country="Argentina" location="Shannon" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1">
|
||
E.
|
||
<location id="8EF98AE4FFCCFFA5819CFDB8FAA01282" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F6D29FFCAFFA585DBFA72FBE313A2:8EF98AE4FFCCFFA5819CFDB8FAA01282" box="[1232,1333,619,645]" country="Argentina" name="Shannon" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Shannon</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFCCFFA5800EFDB8FF5812AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308303" collectionCode="USNM" country="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" specimenCode="ENT01115807" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFCCFFA5800EFDB8FF5812AE" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB807444FFCCFFA5800EFDB8FF5812AE" collectionCode="USNM-" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">USNMENT</specimenCode>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
01115807 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFCCFFA58401FD5CFEE712AE" box="[333,370,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, USNM);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFCCFFA584A4FD5CFA8712AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308307" box="[488,1298,655,681]" collectingDate="1926-12" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Region X" country="Chile" location="Llanquihue" municipality="Casa Pangue" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Los Lagos">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3319CAFFFCCFFA584A4FD5CFDAA12AE" box="[488,575,655,681]" name="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26D3B9E9FFCCFFA58706FD5CFD2212AE" box="[586,695,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Region X</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E212DDFFCCFFA5878BFD5CFCD112AE" box="[711,836,655,681]" country="Chile" name="Los Lagos" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Los Lagos</collectingRegion>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFD4645FFCCFFA5861BFD5CFC7E12AE" box="[855,1003,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Casa Pangue</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF98AE4FFCCFFA586BBFD5CFBEC12AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F6D29FFCAFFA585DBFA72FBE313A2:8EF98AE4FFCCFFA586BBFD5CFBEC12AE" box="[1015,1145,655,681]" country="Chile" municipality="Casa Pangue" name="Llanquihue" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" stateProvince="Los Lagos">Llanquihue</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF98FAFFFFCCFFA581C9FD5CFB6512AE" box="[1157,1264,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" value="1926-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDC0317FFCCFFA581C9FD5CFB6512AE" box="[1157,1264,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" value="1926-12">XII-1926</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFCCFFA581B0FD5CFA8712AE" box="[1276,1298,655,681]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">R</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. &
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4ED662FFCCFFA58077FD5CFDF112CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3031308309" collectionCode="USNM" country="Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
E. Shannon, USNMENT01115806 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2017B6FFCCFFA5849BFD60FE6D12CA" box="[471,504,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3744FAFFCCFFA5874AFD60FDC912CA" box="[518,604,691,717]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFCCFFA5858BFD05FAE912F6" box="[199,1404,726,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCCFFA5858BFD05FAE912F6" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1404,726,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCCFFA5858BFD05FEF412F7" bold="true" box="[199,353,726,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from adjacent localities on the Chile-Argentina border in the southern Andes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131DC0BAFFCCFFA58066FD04FAFB12F6" box="[1322,1390,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1281,1305]" captionTargetBox="[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[275,1311,181,1258]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Known distribution of South American Austrothaumalea." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33C8FB4FFCCFFA5858BFD28FBE313A2" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCCFFA5858BFD28FDE21386" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCCFFA5858BFD28FEAE1312" bold="true" box="[199,315,763,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB7A1CEFFCCFFA5840DFD28FE611312" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[321,500,763,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" refId="ref10132" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1930) Part II: Bibionidae, Scatopsidae, Cecidomyiidae, Culicidae, Thaumaleidae (Orphnephilidae), Anisopodidae (Rhyphidae). In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2. British Museum of Natural History, London, pp. 111 - 114." type="book" year="1930">Edwards (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not describe the male specimen. Alan Stone identified the male specimen herein treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C26A7BCFFCCFFA58440FCCCFE10133E" authorityName="Edwards" authorityYear="1930" box="[268,389,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Thaumaleidae" genus="Austrothaumalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952002DFFCCFFA58440FCCCFE10133E" box="[268,389,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">A. apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(year not specified on determination label), but he never formally described it. Since it was collected in the same region as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D629DFFCCFFA5876BFC90FD1C135A" box="[551,649,835,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female, and it is uniquely distinct from all other described males, we also have identified it as the putative male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99DC3FFFCCFFA5858BFC58FBE313A2" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,933]" box="[199,1142,907,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549D629DFFCCFFA585B6FC58FEC913A2" box="[250,348,907,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
date label reads “.xi-
|
||
<date id="FF98FAFFFFCCFFA58707FC58FD2A13A2" box="[587,703,907,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="514" value="1926-12-01">1.xii.1926</date>
|
||
”, with “.xi-” scratched out with pencil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |