418 lines
70 KiB
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418 lines
70 KiB
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<document id="3F6F32B9051C1EAD2BF09D9770536425" ID-CLB-Dataset="59552" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.jcz.2010.09.003" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dc36cb20-8152-4d65-9b34-0788828fbd64" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8206180" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1690912121825" checkinUser="julia" docAuthor="Steinera, Florian M., Seifertb, Bernhard, Moderc, Karl & Schlick-Steinera, Birgit C." docDate="2010" docId="038E87B21771B632FCCFDE1289999823" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolAnzeiger.249.2010.223-254.pdf" docOrigin="Zoologischer Anzeiger 249 (2010)" docTitle="Tetramorium alpestre Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera 2010, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="250" masterDocId="FFB7FFCA176BB629FF85DD728A209E2D" masterDocTitle="A multisource solution for a complex problem in biodiversity research: Description of the cryptic ant species Tetramorium alpestre sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="254" masterPageNumber="223" pageNumber="249" updateTime="1690912890335" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DB84F9C37DE5CB2510437A1929E1F2C5">A multisource solution for a complex problem in biodiversity research: Description of the cryptic ant species Tetramorium alpestre sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="145522333176155C756A3987CC32CE1D">Steinera, Florian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="156D7D5BADC3A46F44F1A6C7DD122791">Moderc, Karl</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CD78A9396493B68F3D32B83D2BEB8949">Schlick-Steinera, Birgit C.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D271771B633FCCFDE128E139D5A" authority="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera, 2010" authorityName="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera" authorityYear="2010" box="[842,1075,864,887]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestre" status="sp.n.">
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<emphasis id="B953EAB61771B633FCCFDE128E139D5A" box="[842,1075,864,887]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Tetramorium alpestre</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057CD1771B633FBBBDE128E509D5A" box="[1086,1136,864,887]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Steiner, Schlick-Steiner and Seifert (
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<figureCitation id="131C2A211771B633FC00DE0D89C89DBB" box="[901,1000,895,918]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStart-6="Fig" captionStart-7="Fig" captionStartId-0="16.[114,149,1053,1074]" captionStartId-1="17.[135,170,1509,1530]" captionStartId-2="18.[114,149,907,928]" captionStartId-3="20.[114,149,1860,1881]" captionStartId-4="20.[114,149,968,989]" captionStartId-5="21.[135,170,549,570]" captionStartId-6="21.[135,170,1889,1910]" captionStartId-7="26.[114,149,1889,1910]" captionTargetBox-0="[146,1421,188,1022]" captionTargetBox-1="[369,1240,189,1477]" captionTargetBox-2="[355,1210,189,876]" captionTargetBox-4="[112,751,189,936]" captionTargetBox-5="[165,1445,193,518]" captionTargetBox-6="[334,1276,905,1858]" captionTargetBox-7="[178,1388,1579,1857]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@16.[146,1421,188,1022]" captionTargetId-1="figure-11@17.[369,1240,189,1477]" captionTargetId-2="figure-11@18.[355,1210,189,876]" captionTargetId-3="figure-11@21.[165,1446,188,518]" captionTargetId-4="figure-11@20.[112,751,189,936]" captionTargetId-5="figure-11@21.[165,1446,188,518]" captionTargetId-6="figure-197@21.[334,1276,905,1858]" captionTargetId-7="figure-731@26.[178,1388,1579,1857]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="21" captionTargetPageId-4="20" captionTargetPageId-5="21" captionTargetPageId-6="21" captionTargetPageId-7="26" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Integration of morphology, ecology and molecular genetics at nest level for T. alpestre sp.n (=T. sp. A), T. caespitum et sp. B and T. impurum; each nest is represented by a thin vertical bar; bars of different methods with identical horizontal position refer to the same nest; all nests of which workers were analysed morphometrically are shown; nests exclusively analysed by molecular genetics are not shown; the four nests to the right are the ambiguous nests from which specimens were available for morphological analysis (#260, #261, #i548, #i613). First row: results of classification by DA using the optimal character combination of 14 characters (CL/CW, CS, dCV, FL/CS, ML/CS, MPSP/CS, MW/CS, PENL/CS, PEW/CS, PnHL/CS, PosSPu/CS, PreOc/CS, SLd/CS, TAS) selected from 33 morphometric worker characters and TAS (thermal niche); the bar of each nest is partitioned into shaded segments that represent the probabilities of its species membership as calculated by DA; nests of holotypes of T. alpestre and T. caespitum var. penninum and of neotypes of T. caespitum and T. impurum are indicated. Second row: species identity resulting from analysis of male genital morphology. Third row: species identity resulting from phylogenetic reconstruction using mtDNA gene cox1 (Fig. 5)." captionText-1="Fig. 3. (A–F) Lateral (A, C, E; right side depicted) and dorsocaudal (B, D, F) view of male genitalia in (A and B) Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A.), (C and D) T. impurum and (E and F) T. caespitum et sp. B. The dorsocaudal viewing position is indicated by the arrow in (A). The scale bar equals 1 mm. Pilosity and pubescence omitted." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Altitudinal and latitudinal distribution of Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A), T. caespitum et sp. B and T. impurum; see Section 5.4. for details concerning ambiguous nests #260 and #261." captionText-3="Fig. 5. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on mtDNA. The tree is a consensus tree resulting from a Bayesian analysis of 1113 bp of cox1, broken down to haplotypes. The node-support values are posterior probabilities, values of 1.0 being depicted as filled circles; values for nodes following the basal divergence within species are omitted. The scale bar denotes 0.1 substitutions/site.Haplotypes are numbered as in Table 1. For country codes see Table 1. “?” denotes ambiguous nests; see Section 5.4 for details." captionText-4="Fig. 6. Graphical method following Evanno et al. (2005) to detect the number K* of clusters that best fit the data, using 133 SNPs from the 67 haplotypes of 1113 bp of cox1 of Tetramorium caespitum, ambiguous nests (denoted by “?” in Fig. 5; see Section 5.4 for details), T. alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A), T. sp. B and T. impurum. (A) Mean L(K) over 20 runs for each K value; vertical bars indicate 1 standard deviation. (B) Delta K; the value of K with the highest value of the delta K distribution, i.e., 5, is K*. Note that delta K is not plotted for K = 1, because the calculation of delta K requires values of L(K − 1)." captionText-5="Fig. 7. Estimated structure in the mitochondrial DNA data of Tetramorium caespitum, ambiguous nests (denoted by “?” in Fig. 5; see Section 5.4. for details), T. alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A), T. sp. B and T. impurum, using 133 SNPs from the 67 haplotypes of 1113 bp of cox1, and K = 5, identified as the number of clusters that best fit the data (Fig. 6). Each haplotype is represented by a vertical bar which is partitioned into up to K shaded segments that represent the haplotype’s estimated membership fractions in K clusters. Haplotypes are numbered as in Table 1." captionText-6="Fig. 8. Geographic distribution of Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A), T. caespitum et sp. B (not shown: nests #i652, #i653, #i654, and #i769 from Russia and Armenia) and T.impurum; see Section 5.4. for details concerning ambiguous nests #260 and #261.Map from ArcEditor 9.3.1 (ESRI) software, elevation data added from WorldClim database (Hijmans et al., 2005)." captionText-7="Fig. 9. Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (holotype worker). (A) Lateral view from left. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Head, frontal view.The scale bars equal 0.5 mm. ©NHMW Image Database and www.antbase.net (A and B), and Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz (C), published with permission." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206186" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206188" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206190" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206194" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206192" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206196" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206198" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206200" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8206186/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8206188/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8206190/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8206194/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8206192/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/8206196/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/8206198/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/8206200/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Figs. 2–9</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6A5031F1771B633FC73DE0D8E6F9DBB" box="[1014,1103,895,918]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[281,337,263,284]" captionTargetBox="[281,2053,931,1570]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Analysed Tetramorium nests: Taxon identity (Taxon; alphabetical order; for a discussion of nests listed under “ambiguous”, see Section 5.4.; T. alpestre = T. sp. A; nests of T. caespitum or T. sp. B exclusively analysed morphologically listed under “T. caespitum et sp. B”). Locality (AM = Armenia, AS= Australia, AU = Austria, BE= Belgium, BU = Bulgaria, CH = China, DA = Denmark, EN = Estonia, EZ = Czech Republic, FI = Finland, FR = France, GM = Germany, GR = Greece, HR = Croatia, HU = Hungary, IT= Italy, JP = Japan,LO = Slovakia,MO = Morocco,NL = Netherlands,PL = Poland, RS = Russia,SI = Slovenia, SP= Spain, SW = Sweden, SZ = Switzerland,UK = United Kingdom,UP = Ukraine); holotype nest of T. alpestre, syntype nests of T. semilaeve var. kutteri, T. caespitum var. fusciclavum, and Tetramorium banyulense, and neotype nests of T. caespitum and T. impurum indicated by asterisks; syntype nest of T. caespitum var. penninum, indicated by “[type penninum]”. Geographic position in decimal format (Lat = latitude; Lon = longitude, positive values indicate position E of Greenwich, negative values indicate position W of Greenwich). Altitude (Alt, ma.s.l.). Date of collection (Date). Numbered haplotypes of cox1 (HT) for T. alpestre, T. caespitum, T. sp. B, T. impurum and ambiguous nests. GenBank accession numbers of cox1 (sequences taken from other studies, i.e., Schlick-Steiner et al., 2005, 2006; Steiner et al., 2005, 2006b; in brackets). Inclusion in morphological analyses (M) of workers (+) and males (§). Collector (AA = A. Attygalle, AB = A. Buschinger, AC = A. Carniel, AF = A. Freitag, AP = A. Prisuyi, AR = A. Radchenko, AS = A. Schulz, AT = A. Tartally, BH = B.E. Heterick, BM = B. Markó, BS = B. Seifert, BCS = B.C. Schlick-Steiner, BW = B. Wesenigk-Sturm, CB = C. Bernasconi, CC= C.A. Collingwood, CD = C. Deltshev, CDH = C. DeHeer, CG = C. Guofa, CM = C. Menozzi, DC = D. Cherix, DF = D. Fontaneto, EC = E. Carroll, EE = E. Eusukov, EH = E. Heiss, EL = E.B. Lopatina, EP = E. Provost, ET = E. Tikhonov, FB = F. Bernard, FMS = F.M. Steiner, FP = F. Pühringer, FR = F. Rigato, FT = Tiedemann, GB = G. Bračko, GG = G. Grabenweger, GH= G. Heller, GS = G.H. Schmidt, HK= H.Kutter, HM= H. Müller, HR = H. Rausch, HS= H.M. Steiner, JD = J. Dauber, JF = J. Frouz, JH = J.-M. Henin, JP= J. Pontin, JPE = J. Petal, JT = J. Trager, JV = J. Vogel, JW = J. Wardlaw, KV = K. Vock, KVE = K. Vepsäläinen, LE = L. Emery, LQ = L. Qiang, LS = L. Sundström, MD= M. Dubois, MN= M.G. Nielsen, MS= M. Sanetra, MT = M. Terayama, MW = M. Wuermli, NA = N. Aktac¸, NB = N. Blacker, NP = N. Pöll, PD = P. Duelli, PH = P. Hartmann, RG = R. Güsten, RGÖ = R. Göls, RN = R. Neumeyer, RP = R. Pereira, RR = R. Rausch, RR = R. Rosengren, RS = R. Schumann, RSZ = R. Schultz, SE = S.L. Esyunin, SS= S. Schödl, TA= T. Assmuth, TL = T. Ljubomirov, TN = T. Nuhn, TW = T. Wenseleers, UM = U. Maschwitz, VA = V. Antonova, VEK = V.E. Kipyatkov, VK= V. Kochnev, WC= W. Czechowski, WM = W.M. Wheeler, XE = X. Espadaler, YK = Y. Kochnev, YR = Y. Roisin). Collection (BSFS = collection of B.C. Schlick-Steiner and F.M. Steiner, housed by the Institute of Ecology of the University of Innsbruck, DAST = Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences and Technologies of the University of Bologna, MCSN = Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” Genova, MNHN = National Museum of Natural History Paris, MZLA = Museum of Zoology Lausanne, NHMB = Natural History Museum Basel, NHMV = Museum of Natural History Vienna, SMNG = Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, TLMF = Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck):repository of voucher specimens. Voucher specimen/DNA extract code (Voucher)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF58662C1768B62AFE9CDC758B979DAF" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" tableUuid="DF58662C1768B62AFE9CDC758B979DAF">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="C6A5031F1771B633FB06DE0D8EB09DBB" box="[1155,1168,895,918]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="14.[281,337,454,475]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Table 2. Synopsis of morphometric data (CS in mm, dCV in µm, angles in◦) of the analysed Tetramorium alpestre (=T. sp. A), T. banyulense, T. caespitum et sp. B, T. caespitum var. fusciclavum, T. impurum (including T. caespitum var. penninum) and T. semilaeve var. kutteri workers; characters in alphabetic order; i = number of nests, n = number of specimens; av.= arithmetic mean, std.= standard deviation, min., max.= minimum and maximum values; for definitions of morphometric characters see Section 3.4." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF58662C1765B627FE9CDCB48CEB9C38" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" tableUuid="DF58662C1765B627FE9CDCB48CEB9C38">2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33D652F1771B633FCCFDEED8F2C9A98" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B9836A41771B633FCCFDEED8F2C9A98" blockId="26.[815,1453,864,1524]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">
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Type locality. Austria (Tyrol): Vent, 46.8548
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<superScript id="7C529BEC1771B633FA02DEEB8FB19D86" attach="right" box="[1415,1425,921,939]" fontSize="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">◦</superScript>
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N, 10.9097
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<superScript id="7C529BEC1771B633FC00DECB89AF9DE6" attach="right" box="[901,911,953,971]" fontSize="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">◦</superScript>
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E, 2000 m a.s.l.; immediately above timber line; vegetation mainly grass with interspersed dwarf shrubs (
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D271771B633FCBDDE8D89BA9A3B" box="[824,922,1023,1046]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B953EAB61771B633FCBDDE8D89539A3B" box="[824,883,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Erica</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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and others; ca. 10–20 cm high) and patches free of vegetation (small rocks, stones, bare soil); holotype nest large (ca. 3 m
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<superScript id="7C529BEC1771B633FB8CD94B8E339A66" attach="left" box="[1033,1043,1081,1099]" fontSize="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">2</superScript>
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); other ant species found close to holotype nest:
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<taxonomicName id="4C274D271771B633FC48D92D8F009A5B" authority="Bondroit, 1917" authorityName="Bondroit" authorityYear="1917" box="[973,1312,1119,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemani">
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<emphasis id="B953EAB61771B633FC48D92D8E549A5B" box="[973,1140,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Formica lemani</emphasis>
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Bondroit, 1917
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271771B633FAAED92D8E419ABB" authority="(Fabricius, 1793)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acervorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61771B633FAAED92D89829ABB" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Leptothorax acervorum</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1793)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271771B633FBE9D90D89479A98" authority="Nylander, 1846" authorityName="Nylander" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulcinodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61771B633FBE9D90D8F1E9ABB" box="[1132,1342,1151,1174]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Myrmica sulcinodis</emphasis>
|
||
Nylander, 1846
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; all information provided by H. Müller.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D652F1771B632FCCFD9CC88169FDF" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41771B633FCCFD9CC8E0E9B78" blockId="26.[815,1453,864,1524]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF91771B633FCCFD9CC8E0E9B78" collectingDate="2007-08-15" collectorName="H. Muller" elevation="2000" latitude="46.8548" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="10.9097" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" specimenCode="251" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549C88061771B633FCCFD9CC898D9AF8" box="[842,941,1214,1237]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A211771B633FC58D9CC8E1C9AF8" box="[989,1084,1214,1237]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[114,149,1889,1910]" captionTargetBox="[178,1388,1579,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-731@26.[178,1388,1579,1857]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 9. Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (holotype worker). (A) Lateral view from left. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Head, frontal view.The scale bars equal 0.5 mm. ©NHMW Image Database and www.antbase.net (A and B), and Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz (C), published with permission." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206200/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1771B633FBF6D9CC8EE29AF8" box="[1139,1218,1214,1237]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" type="worker">Worker</specimenCount>
|
||
labelled “AUS:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1350631771B633FCAAD9AC89859AD8" box="[815,933,1240,1269]" degrees="46.8548" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" precision="5" value="46.8548">
|
||
46.8548
|
||
<superScript id="7C529BEC1771B633FC00D9AA89AF9AC7" attach="right" box="[901,911,1240,1258]" fontSize="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">◦</superScript>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1350631771B633FC2CD9AC8E3E9AD8" box="[937,1054,1240,1269]" degrees="10.9097" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" precision="5" value="10.9097">
|
||
10.9097
|
||
<superScript id="7C529BEC1771B633FB84D9AA8E2B9AC7" attach="right" box="[1025,1035,1240,1258]" fontSize="8" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">◦</superScript>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Vent,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDF9B411771B633FBFAD9AC8EEF9AD8" box="[1151,1231,1246,1269]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="2000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000AD1971771B633FBFAD9AC8EEF9AD8" box="[1151,1231,1246,1269]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, Weg zur MartinBusch-Hütte, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D253721771B633FC69D98C8E739B38" box="[1004,1107,1278,1301]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">H. Müller</collectorName>
|
||
<date id="FF9910641771B633FBDDD98C8EF99B38" box="[1112,1241,1278,1301]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" value="2007-08-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDDE98C1771B633FBDDD98C8EF99B38" box="[1112,1241,1278,1301]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" value="2007-08-15">2007.08.15</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
-1, #
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB819EDF1771B633FA84D98C8F0B9B38" box="[1281,1323,1278,1301]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">251</specimenCode>
|
||
”. Collection date:
|
||
<date id="FF9910641771B633FCECD86C8E379B18" box="[873,1047,1310,1333]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" value="2007-08-15">15 August 2007</date>
|
||
. Deposition: Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41771B632FCCFD82C8B3F9FFF" blockId="26.[815,1453,864,1524]" lastBlockId="27.[135,774,188,1964]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF91771B633FCCFD82C8FB39BB8" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-male="2" specimenCount-queen="3" specimenCount-worker="4" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549C88061771B633FCCFD82C89959B58" box="[842,949,1374,1397]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1771B633FC3BD82C8E099B58" box="[958,1065,1374,1397]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" type="worker">4 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1771B633FBB7D82C8EA69B58" box="[1074,1158,1374,1397]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1771B633FB0AD82C8EC09B58" box="[1167,1248,1374,1397]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" type="queen">3 gynes</specimenCount>
|
||
from holotype nest series (Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF91771B633FA1AD80C8E719BF9" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-worker="7">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1771B633FA1AD80C89A79B99" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" type="worker">7 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1771B633FC14D8EF89FB9B99" box="[913,987,1437,1460]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1771B633FC63D8EF8E0E9B99" box="[998,1070,1437,1460]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">1 gyne</specimenCount>
|
||
from holotype nest series (Museum of Natural History Vienna)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF91771B632FBD8D8CF8B3D9EFE" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-worker="7">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1771B633FBD8D8CF8EE99BF9" box="[1117,1225,1469,1492]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" type="worker">7 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1771B633FB51D8CF8F3E9BF9" box="[1236,1310,1469,1492]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1771B633FAAFD8CF8F529BF9" box="[1322,1394,1469,1492]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">1 gyne</specimenCount>
|
||
from holotype nest series (Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF91770B632FEA1DDCE8AF09F1F" collectorName="B. C. Schlick-Steiner & F. M. Steiner" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-worker="6">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1770B632FEA1DDCE8BAF9EFE" box="[292,399,188,211]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="worker">6 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1770B632FE1FDDCE8BC49EFE" box="[410,484,188,211]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1770B632FE6BDDCE88169EFE" box="[494,566,188,211]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">1 gyne</specimenCount>
|
||
from holotype nest series (collection of
|
||
<collectorName id="26D253721770B632FEE0DDAE88639EDE" box="[357,579,220,243]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">B.C. Schlick-Steiner</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26D253721770B632FDFFDDAE89219EDE" box="[634,769,220,243]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">F.M. Steiner</collectorName>
|
||
, housed by the Institute of Ecology of the University of Innsbruck)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF91770B632FF59DC698AFE9F5F" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-queen="3" specimenCount-worker="5">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1770B632FF59DC698B699F1F" box="[220,329,283,306]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="worker">5 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1770B632FED1DC698B879F1F" box="[340,423,283,306]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="queen">3 gynes</specimenCount>
|
||
with same data as holotype nest series but #252 (Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CF91770B632FF6DDC298B3A9FFF" collectorName="B. C. Schlick-Steiner & F. M. Steiner" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" specimenCode="252" specimenCount="18" specimenCount-queen="2" specimenCount-worker="16">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1770B632FF6DDC298B7F9F5F" box="[232,351,347,370]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="worker">16 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D21FD2D1770B632FEEDDC298B989F5F" box="[360,440,347,370]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="queen">2 gynes</specimenCount>
|
||
with same data as holotype nest series but #
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB819EDF1770B632FE85DC098B089FBF" box="[256,296,379,402]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">252</specimenCode>
|
||
(collection of
|
||
<collectorName id="26D253721770B632FE41DC0988809FBF" box="[452,672,379,402]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">B.C. Schlick-Steiner</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26D253721770B632FD56DC098AF49F9F" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">F.M. Steiner</collectorName>
|
||
, housed by the Institute of Ecology of the University of Innsbruck)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF58662C1771B633FFF7DA138B32999C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206200" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8206200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206200/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" startId="26.[114,149,1889,1910]" targetBox="[178,1388,1579,1857]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41771B633FFF7DA138B32999C" blockId="26.[114,1453,1889,1969]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61771B633FFF7DA138A8F995B" bold="true" box="[114,175,1889,1910]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271771B633FF3EDA108BA7995A" authority="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera, 2010" authorityName="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera" authorityYear="2010" box="[187,391,1890,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestre" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61771B633FF3EDA108BA7995A" box="[187,391,1890,1911]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="249">Tetramorium alpestre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057CD1771B633FE09DA108B9A995A" box="[396,442,1890,1911]" pageId="26" pageNumber="249" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(holotype worker). (A) Lateral view from left. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Head, frontal view. The scale bars equal 0.5 mm. ©NHMW Image Database and www.antbase.net (A and B), and Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz (C), published with permission.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FF27DCA988169FDF" blockId="27.[135,774,188,1964]" box="[162,566,475,498]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Other material examined: see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A5031F1770B632FE65DCA9880E9FDF" box="[480,558,475,498]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[281,337,263,284]" captionTargetBox="[281,2053,931,1570]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Analysed Tetramorium nests: Taxon identity (Taxon; alphabetical order; for a discussion of nests listed under “ambiguous”, see Section 5.4.; T. alpestre = T. sp. A; nests of T. caespitum or T. sp. B exclusively analysed morphologically listed under “T. caespitum et sp. B”). Locality (AM = Armenia, AS= Australia, AU = Austria, BE= Belgium, BU = Bulgaria, CH = China, DA = Denmark, EN = Estonia, EZ = Czech Republic, FI = Finland, FR = France, GM = Germany, GR = Greece, HR = Croatia, HU = Hungary, IT= Italy, JP = Japan,LO = Slovakia,MO = Morocco,NL = Netherlands,PL = Poland, RS = Russia,SI = Slovenia, SP= Spain, SW = Sweden, SZ = Switzerland,UK = United Kingdom,UP = Ukraine); holotype nest of T. alpestre, syntype nests of T. semilaeve var. kutteri, T. caespitum var. fusciclavum, and Tetramorium banyulense, and neotype nests of T. caespitum and T. impurum indicated by asterisks; syntype nest of T. caespitum var. penninum, indicated by “[type penninum]”. Geographic position in decimal format (Lat = latitude; Lon = longitude, positive values indicate position E of Greenwich, negative values indicate position W of Greenwich). Altitude (Alt, ma.s.l.). Date of collection (Date). Numbered haplotypes of cox1 (HT) for T. alpestre, T. caespitum, T. sp. B, T. impurum and ambiguous nests. GenBank accession numbers of cox1 (sequences taken from other studies, i.e., Schlick-Steiner et al., 2005, 2006; Steiner et al., 2005, 2006b; in brackets). Inclusion in morphological analyses (M) of workers (+) and males (§). Collector (AA = A. Attygalle, AB = A. Buschinger, AC = A. Carniel, AF = A. Freitag, AP = A. Prisuyi, AR = A. Radchenko, AS = A. Schulz, AT = A. Tartally, BH = B.E. Heterick, BM = B. Markó, BS = B. Seifert, BCS = B.C. Schlick-Steiner, BW = B. Wesenigk-Sturm, CB = C. Bernasconi, CC= C.A. Collingwood, CD = C. Deltshev, CDH = C. DeHeer, CG = C. Guofa, CM = C. Menozzi, DC = D. Cherix, DF = D. Fontaneto, EC = E. Carroll, EE = E. Eusukov, EH = E. Heiss, EL = E.B. Lopatina, EP = E. Provost, ET = E. Tikhonov, FB = F. Bernard, FMS = F.M. Steiner, FP = F. Pühringer, FR = F. Rigato, FT = Tiedemann, GB = G. Bračko, GG = G. Grabenweger, GH= G. Heller, GS = G.H. Schmidt, HK= H.Kutter, HM= H. Müller, HR = H. Rausch, HS= H.M. Steiner, JD = J. Dauber, JF = J. Frouz, JH = J.-M. Henin, JP= J. Pontin, JPE = J. Petal, JT = J. Trager, JV = J. Vogel, JW = J. Wardlaw, KV = K. Vock, KVE = K. Vepsäläinen, LE = L. Emery, LQ = L. Qiang, LS = L. Sundström, MD= M. Dubois, MN= M.G. Nielsen, MS= M. Sanetra, MT = M. Terayama, MW = M. Wuermli, NA = N. Aktac¸, NB = N. Blacker, NP = N. Pöll, PD = P. Duelli, PH = P. Hartmann, RG = R. Güsten, RGÖ = R. Göls, RN = R. Neumeyer, RP = R. Pereira, RR = R. Rausch, RR = R. Rosengren, RS = R. Schumann, RSZ = R. Schultz, SE = S.L. Esyunin, SS= S. Schödl, TA= T. Assmuth, TL = T. Ljubomirov, TN = T. Nuhn, TW = T. Wenseleers, UM = U. Maschwitz, VA = V. Antonova, VEK = V.E. Kipyatkov, VK= V. Kochnev, WC= W. Czechowski, WM = W.M. Wheeler, XE = X. Espadaler, YK = Y. Kochnev, YR = Y. Roisin). Collection (BSFS = collection of B.C. Schlick-Steiner and F.M. Steiner, housed by the Institute of Ecology of the University of Innsbruck, DAST = Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences and Technologies of the University of Bologna, MCSN = Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” Genova, MNHN = National Museum of Natural History Paris, MZLA = Museum of Zoology Lausanne, NHMB = Natural History Museum Basel, NHMV = Museum of Natural History Vienna, SMNG = Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, TLMF = Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck):repository of voucher specimens. Voucher specimen/DNA extract code (Voucher)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF58662C1768B62AFE9CDC758B979DAF" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" tableUuid="DF58662C1768B62AFE9CDC758B979DAF">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D652F1770B632FF27DC898B199C1F" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FF27DC898B199C1F" blockId="27.[135,774,188,1964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">Etymology: The species epithet is an adjective derived from alpes (lat.).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D652F1770B632FF27DF488F1C9CFC" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FF27DF4888F49823" blockId="27.[135,774,188,1964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Worker (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A5031F1770B632FE8CDF488B409C7C" box="[265,352,570,593]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="14.[281,337,454,475]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Table 2. Synopsis of morphometric data (CS in mm, dCV in µm, angles in◦) of the analysed Tetramorium alpestre (=T. sp. A), T. banyulense, T. caespitum et sp. B, T. caespitum var. fusciclavum, T. impurum (including T. caespitum var. penninum) and T. semilaeve var. kutteri workers; characters in alphabetic order; i = number of nests, n = number of specimens; av.= arithmetic mean, std.= standard deviation, min., max.= minimum and maximum values; for definitions of morphometric characters see Section 3.4." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF58662C1765B627FE9CDCB48CEB9C38" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" tableUuid="DF58662C1765B627FE9CDCB48CEB9C38">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
): Description: general body proportions: small sized (arithmetic mean CS 0.753 mm). Eye short and narrow (EL/CS 0.196, EW/CS 0.150). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FF6FDFE88B489C9C" box="[234,360,666,689]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FF6FDFE88B489C9C" box="[234,360,666,689]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, scape thicker (SWd/SLd 12.75% vs. 12.25%), mesosoma longer (ML/CS 1.201 vs. 1.167) and wider (MW/CS 0.648 vs. 0.634), setae on pronotal corners shorter (PnHL/CS 0.237 vs. 0.252), spine tips more distant (SPWI/CS 0.305 vs. 0.295), petiolar and postpetiolar nodes wider (PEW/CS 0.335 vs. 0.321, PPW/CS 0.421 vs. 0.410) and postpetiolar node higher (PPH/CS 0.368 vs. 0.355). Body sculpture similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FDB4DE0B889C9DBD" box="[561,700,889,912]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FDB4DE0B889C9DBD" box="[561,700,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. caespitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
et sp. B. Typical but not always reliable differences to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FD2CDEEB8A929DFD" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FD2CDEEB8A929DFD" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: central dorsum of postpetiolar node often fully smooth and brilliantly shining. Paramedian and lateral postpetiole in dorsal view with regular, convexly curved carinulae or carinae; these are usually not wrinkled as often seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FF23D94B8B049A7D" box="[166,292,1081,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FF23D94B8B049A7D" box="[166,292,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interspaces between longitudinal rugae on dorsal pronotum often almost smooth with absent or less developed fine anastomoses or delicate microreticular structures. Colouration on average darker and more homogeneous than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FF65D9CA8B7E9AE2" box="[224,350,1208,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FF65D9CA8B7E9AE2" box="[224,350,1208,1231]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with whole body usually medium to dark brown. Mesosoma frequently not distinctly lighter than head and gaster, dirty yellowish brown colour component (as frequently seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FE04D86A8BDF9B02" box="[385,511,1304,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FE04D86A8BDF9B02" box="[385,511,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) missing. Only reliable distinction from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FEC0D84A8BF29B62" box="[325,466,1336,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FEC0D84A8BF29B62" box="[325,466,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. caespitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
et sp. B and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FDF8D84A8A8C9B43" authority=": DA" authorityName="DA" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FDF8D84A88DE9B62" box="[637,766,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
: DA
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using nest mean values (at least two but ideally three workers) and characters CL/CW, CS, dCV, FL/CS, ML/CS, MPSP/CS, MW/CS, PENL/CS, PEW/CS, PnHL/CS, PosSPu/CS, PreOc/CS, SLd/CS, TAS. DA can be performed using a freely accessible identification tool embedded in the internet, at: http://web-resources.boku.ac.at/Discmean/.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FF27DB658F1C9CFC" blockId="27.[135,774,188,1964]" lastBlockId="27.[837,1475,188,1550]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A211770B632FF6CDB658B099803" box="[233,297,1559,1582]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[135,170,1509,1530]" captionTargetBox="[369,1240,189,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-11@17.[369,1240,189,1477]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 3. (A–F) Lateral (A, C, E; right side depicted) and dorsocaudal (B, D, F) view of male genitalia in (A and B) Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A.), (C and D) T. impurum and (E and F) T. caespitum et sp. B. The dorsocaudal viewing position is indicated by the arrow in (A). The scale bar equals 1 mm. Pilosity and pubescence omitted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206188/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
): Description: relatively small-sized (values in mm): CW: arithmetic mean 0.900 ± standard deviation 0.042 [minimum 0.831, maximum 0.969]; ML 2.284 ± 0.081 [2.152, 2.366] (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FEBCDB058B6698A3" box="[313,326,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10 individuals). Head, mesosoma and waist segments homogeneously blackish (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FD01DBE489259880" box="[644,773,1686,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FD01DBE489259880" box="[644,773,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually with brownish colour component). Surface sculpture variable: mesonotum varying from almost smooth and shining with reduced longitudinal carinulae to almost completely covered by diagonal, curved or semicircular carinulae. Morphological asymmetries and malformations frequent in non-genital body parts. Distinction from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FDB5DA2488949940" box="[560,692,1878,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FDB5DA2488949940" box="[560,692,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. caespitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
et sp. B and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FF30DA048B0F99A0" box="[181,303,1910,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FF30DA048B0F99A0" box="[181,303,1910,1933]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is best possible by genitalia. Overall spatial structure of genitalia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FE0CDAE78BD99981" authorityName="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera" authorityYear="2010" box="[393,505,1941,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FE0CDAE78BD99981" box="[393,505,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. alpestre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FD29DAE789509EFE" box="[684,880,188,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FD29DAE789509EFE" box="[684,880,188,1964]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In lateral view, stipes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FBF7DDCE8EFE9EFE" authorityName="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera" authorityYear="2010" box="[1138,1246,188,211]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FBF7DDCE8EFE9EFE" box="[1138,1246,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. alpestre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FA89DDCE8FA49EFE" box="[1292,1412,188,211]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FA89DDCE8FA49EFE" box="[1292,1412,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FC07DDAE8E2B9EDE" box="[898,1035,220,243]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FC07DDAE8E2B9EDE" box="[898,1035,220,243]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. caespitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
et sp. B by rounded apex and apodeme positioned more anterior than apical level. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FAA1DD8E8F899F3E" box="[1316,1449,252,275]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FAA1DD8E8F899F3E" box="[1316,1449,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. caespitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
et sp. B, apex and apodeme positioned at almost same transversal level, both with roughly rectangular profile of apical stipes and much more pronounced apodeme. Best separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FA2ADC2989BA9FBF" authorityName="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera" authorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FA2ADC2989BA9FBF" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. alpestre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FC4FDC098E629FBF" box="[970,1090,379,402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FC4FDC098E629FBF" box="[970,1090,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in dorsocaudal aspect: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FACADC098F9C9FBF" authorityName="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera" authorityYear="2010" box="[1359,1468,379,402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FACADC098F9C9FBF" box="[1359,1468,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. alpestre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, gripping jaw of stipes with three dents or protrusions, the dent intermediate between anteriormost (formed by apodeme) and caudalmost, apical protrusion being acute; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FABBDCA98F9C9FDF" box="[1342,1468,475,498]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FABBDCA98F9C9FDF" box="[1342,1468,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, intermediate dent absent or only shallow and blunt. Absolute genital sizes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FC6ADF698E409C1F" authorityName="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera" authorityYear="2010" box="[1007,1120,539,562]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FC6ADF698E409C1F" box="[1007,1120,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. alpestre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FB12DF698F329C1F" box="[1175,1298,539,562]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FB12DF698F329C1F" box="[1175,1298,539,562]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically different, but with slight overlap: maximum distance from dorsal posterior margin of cardo to stipal apex in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FA9DDF298FA99C5F" authorityName="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera" authorityYear="2010" box="[1304,1417,603,626]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FA9DDF298FA99C5F" box="[1304,1417,603,626]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. alpestre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(values in mm) arithmetic mean 0.812 ± standard deviation 0.044 [minimum 0.748, maximum 0.871] (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FB43DFE88EF39C9C" box="[1222,1235,666,689]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10 individuals), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FA2ADFE889859CFC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FA2ADFE889859CFC" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.977 ± 0.061 [0.859, 1.098] (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FB68DFC88EDA9CFC" box="[1261,1274,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 21).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D652F1770B632FCDADFA88E649DBD" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FCDADFA88E319D1C" blockId="27.[837,1475,188,1550]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Thermal niche: TAS (in
|
||
<superScript id="7C529BEC1770B632FB2BDFA68E989CCB" attach="right" box="[1198,1208,724,742]" fontSize="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">◦</superScript>
|
||
C): arithmetic mean 8.1 ± standard deviation 1.6 [minimum 5.5, maximum 12.2] (
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FC09DE6889B99D1C" box="[908,921,794,817]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 22 sites).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FCDADE4B8F799D5D" blockId="27.[837,1475,188,1550]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">
|
||
mtDNA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A211770B632FC4FDE4B8E149D7D" box="[970,1076,825,848]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="20.[114,149,1860,1881]" captionStartId-1="20.[114,149,968,989]" captionStartId-2="21.[135,170,549,570]" captionTargetBox-1="[112,751,189,936]" captionTargetBox-2="[165,1445,193,518]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@21.[165,1446,188,518]" captionTargetId-1="figure-11@20.[112,751,189,936]" captionTargetId-2="figure-11@21.[165,1446,188,518]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionText-0="Fig. 5. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on mtDNA. The tree is a consensus tree resulting from a Bayesian analysis of 1113 bp of cox1, broken down to haplotypes. The node-support values are posterior probabilities, values of 1.0 being depicted as filled circles; values for nodes following the basal divergence within species are omitted. The scale bar denotes 0.1 substitutions/site.Haplotypes are numbered as in Table 1. For country codes see Table 1. “?” denotes ambiguous nests; see Section 5.4 for details." captionText-1="Fig. 6. Graphical method following Evanno et al. (2005) to detect the number K* of clusters that best fit the data, using 133 SNPs from the 67 haplotypes of 1113 bp of cox1 of Tetramorium caespitum, ambiguous nests (denoted by “?” in Fig. 5; see Section 5.4 for details), T. alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A), T. sp. B and T. impurum. (A) Mean L(K) over 20 runs for each K value; vertical bars indicate 1 standard deviation. (B) Delta K; the value of K with the highest value of the delta K distribution, i.e., 5, is K*. Note that delta K is not plotted for K = 1, because the calculation of delta K requires values of L(K − 1)." captionText-2="Fig. 7. Estimated structure in the mitochondrial DNA data of Tetramorium caespitum, ambiguous nests (denoted by “?” in Fig. 5; see Section 5.4. for details), T. alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A), T. sp. B and T. impurum, using 133 SNPs from the 67 haplotypes of 1113 bp of cox1, and K = 5, identified as the number of clusters that best fit the data (Fig. 6). Each haplotype is represented by a vertical bar which is partitioned into up to K shaded segments that represent the haplotype’s estimated membership fractions in K clusters. Haplotypes are numbered as in Table 1." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206194" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206192" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206196" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8206194/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8206192/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8206196/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
|
||
): 16 haplotypes of
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FA98DE488F6F9D7C" box="[1309,1359,826,849]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
(1113 bp) known; GenBank accession numbers: see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A5031F1770B632FA81DE2B8F729D5D" box="[1284,1362,857,880]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[281,337,263,284]" captionTargetBox="[281,2053,931,1570]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Analysed Tetramorium nests: Taxon identity (Taxon; alphabetical order; for a discussion of nests listed under “ambiguous”, see Section 5.4.; T. alpestre = T. sp. A; nests of T. caespitum or T. sp. B exclusively analysed morphologically listed under “T. caespitum et sp. B”). Locality (AM = Armenia, AS= Australia, AU = Austria, BE= Belgium, BU = Bulgaria, CH = China, DA = Denmark, EN = Estonia, EZ = Czech Republic, FI = Finland, FR = France, GM = Germany, GR = Greece, HR = Croatia, HU = Hungary, IT= Italy, JP = Japan,LO = Slovakia,MO = Morocco,NL = Netherlands,PL = Poland, RS = Russia,SI = Slovenia, SP= Spain, SW = Sweden, SZ = Switzerland,UK = United Kingdom,UP = Ukraine); holotype nest of T. alpestre, syntype nests of T. semilaeve var. kutteri, T. caespitum var. fusciclavum, and Tetramorium banyulense, and neotype nests of T. caespitum and T. impurum indicated by asterisks; syntype nest of T. caespitum var. penninum, indicated by “[type penninum]”. Geographic position in decimal format (Lat = latitude; Lon = longitude, positive values indicate position E of Greenwich, negative values indicate position W of Greenwich). Altitude (Alt, ma.s.l.). Date of collection (Date). Numbered haplotypes of cox1 (HT) for T. alpestre, T. caespitum, T. sp. B, T. impurum and ambiguous nests. GenBank accession numbers of cox1 (sequences taken from other studies, i.e., Schlick-Steiner et al., 2005, 2006; Steiner et al., 2005, 2006b; in brackets). Inclusion in morphological analyses (M) of workers (+) and males (§). Collector (AA = A. Attygalle, AB = A. Buschinger, AC = A. Carniel, AF = A. Freitag, AP = A. Prisuyi, AR = A. Radchenko, AS = A. Schulz, AT = A. Tartally, BH = B.E. Heterick, BM = B. Markó, BS = B. Seifert, BCS = B.C. Schlick-Steiner, BW = B. Wesenigk-Sturm, CB = C. Bernasconi, CC= C.A. Collingwood, CD = C. Deltshev, CDH = C. DeHeer, CG = C. Guofa, CM = C. Menozzi, DC = D. Cherix, DF = D. Fontaneto, EC = E. Carroll, EE = E. Eusukov, EH = E. Heiss, EL = E.B. Lopatina, EP = E. Provost, ET = E. Tikhonov, FB = F. Bernard, FMS = F.M. Steiner, FP = F. Pühringer, FR = F. Rigato, FT = Tiedemann, GB = G. Bračko, GG = G. Grabenweger, GH= G. Heller, GS = G.H. Schmidt, HK= H.Kutter, HM= H. Müller, HR = H. Rausch, HS= H.M. Steiner, JD = J. Dauber, JF = J. Frouz, JH = J.-M. Henin, JP= J. Pontin, JPE = J. Petal, JT = J. Trager, JV = J. Vogel, JW = J. Wardlaw, KV = K. Vock, KVE = K. Vepsäläinen, LE = L. Emery, LQ = L. Qiang, LS = L. Sundström, MD= M. Dubois, MN= M.G. Nielsen, MS= M. Sanetra, MT = M. Terayama, MW = M. Wuermli, NA = N. Aktac¸, NB = N. Blacker, NP = N. Pöll, PD = P. Duelli, PH = P. Hartmann, RG = R. Güsten, RGÖ = R. Göls, RN = R. Neumeyer, RP = R. Pereira, RR = R. Rausch, RR = R. Rosengren, RS = R. Schumann, RSZ = R. Schultz, SE = S.L. Esyunin, SS= S. Schödl, TA= T. Assmuth, TL = T. Ljubomirov, TN = T. Nuhn, TW = T. Wenseleers, UM = U. Maschwitz, VA = V. Antonova, VEK = V.E. Kipyatkov, VK= V. Kochnev, WC= W. Czechowski, WM = W.M. Wheeler, XE = X. Espadaler, YK = Y. Kochnev, YR = Y. Roisin). Collection (BSFS = collection of B.C. Schlick-Steiner and F.M. Steiner, housed by the Institute of Ecology of the University of Innsbruck, DAST = Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences and Technologies of the University of Bologna, MCSN = Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” Genova, MNHN = National Museum of Natural History Paris, MZLA = Museum of Zoology Lausanne, NHMB = Natural History Museum Basel, NHMV = Museum of Natural History Vienna, SMNG = Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, TLMF = Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck):repository of voucher specimens. Voucher specimen/DNA extract code (Voucher)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF58662C1768B62AFE9CDC758B979DAF" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" tableUuid="DF58662C1768B62AFE9CDC758B979DAF">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FCDADE0B8E649DBD" blockId="27.[837,1475,188,1550]" box="[863,1092,889,912]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">Habitat: Alpine mats.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D652F1770B632FCDADEEB8F4A9A1D" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FCDADEEB8F4A9A1D" blockId="27.[837,1475,188,1550]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Geographic and altitudinal distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A211770B632FA87DEEB8F689D9D" box="[1282,1352,921,944]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[114,149,907,928]" captionTargetBox="[355,1210,189,876]" captionTargetId="figure-11@18.[355,1210,189,876]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 4. Altitudinal and latitudinal distribution of Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A), T. caespitum et sp. B and T. impurum; see Section 5.4. for details concerning ambiguous nests #260 and #261." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206190/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="131C2A211770B632FAF2DEEB8FA49D9D" box="[1399,1412,921,944]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[135,170,1889,1910]" captionTargetBox="[334,1276,905,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-197@21.[334,1276,905,1858]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 8. Geographic distribution of Tetramorium alpestre sp.n. (=T. sp. A), T. caespitum et sp. B (not shown: nests #i652, #i653, #i654, and #i769 from Russia and Armenia) and T.impurum; see Section 5.4. for details concerning ambiguous nests #260 and #261.Map from ArcEditor 9.3.1 (ESRI) software, elevation data added from WorldClim database (Hijmans et al., 2005)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8206198" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8206198/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">8</figureCitation>
|
||
): The Alps in Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland, the Jura in Switzerland (indicated by two nests inferred to be hybrids between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FC21DE8B8E339A3D" authorityName="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera" authorityYear="2010" box="[932,1043,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FC21DE8B8E339A3D" box="[932,1043,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. alpestre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FBC3DE8B8EE09A3D" box="[1094,1216,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FBC3DE8B8EE09A3D" box="[1094,1216,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see “Remarks” below); 44.42–47.22
|
||
<superScript id="7C529BEC1770B632FC55D96189FA9A08" attach="right" box="[976,986,1043,1061]" fontSize="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">◦</superScript>
|
||
N, 6.65–13.71
|
||
<superScript id="7C529BEC1770B632FBFFD9618EA49A08" attach="right" box="[1146,1156,1043,1061]" fontSize="8" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">◦</superScript>
|
||
E; 1300–2335 m a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D652F1770B632FCDAD94A89D99A42" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FCDAD94A89D99A42" blockId="27.[837,1475,188,1550]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Phenology (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A5031F1770B632FC67D94A8E129A62" box="[994,1074,1080,1103]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[281,337,263,284]" captionTargetBox="[281,2053,931,1570]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Analysed Tetramorium nests: Taxon identity (Taxon; alphabetical order; for a discussion of nests listed under “ambiguous”, see Section 5.4.; T. alpestre = T. sp. A; nests of T. caespitum or T. sp. B exclusively analysed morphologically listed under “T. caespitum et sp. B”). Locality (AM = Armenia, AS= Australia, AU = Austria, BE= Belgium, BU = Bulgaria, CH = China, DA = Denmark, EN = Estonia, EZ = Czech Republic, FI = Finland, FR = France, GM = Germany, GR = Greece, HR = Croatia, HU = Hungary, IT= Italy, JP = Japan,LO = Slovakia,MO = Morocco,NL = Netherlands,PL = Poland, RS = Russia,SI = Slovenia, SP= Spain, SW = Sweden, SZ = Switzerland,UK = United Kingdom,UP = Ukraine); holotype nest of T. alpestre, syntype nests of T. semilaeve var. kutteri, T. caespitum var. fusciclavum, and Tetramorium banyulense, and neotype nests of T. caespitum and T. impurum indicated by asterisks; syntype nest of T. caespitum var. penninum, indicated by “[type penninum]”. Geographic position in decimal format (Lat = latitude; Lon = longitude, positive values indicate position E of Greenwich, negative values indicate position W of Greenwich). Altitude (Alt, ma.s.l.). Date of collection (Date). Numbered haplotypes of cox1 (HT) for T. alpestre, T. caespitum, T. sp. B, T. impurum and ambiguous nests. GenBank accession numbers of cox1 (sequences taken from other studies, i.e., Schlick-Steiner et al., 2005, 2006; Steiner et al., 2005, 2006b; in brackets). Inclusion in morphological analyses (M) of workers (+) and males (§). Collector (AA = A. Attygalle, AB = A. Buschinger, AC = A. Carniel, AF = A. Freitag, AP = A. Prisuyi, AR = A. Radchenko, AS = A. Schulz, AT = A. Tartally, BH = B.E. Heterick, BM = B. Markó, BS = B. Seifert, BCS = B.C. Schlick-Steiner, BW = B. Wesenigk-Sturm, CB = C. Bernasconi, CC= C.A. Collingwood, CD = C. Deltshev, CDH = C. DeHeer, CG = C. Guofa, CM = C. Menozzi, DC = D. Cherix, DF = D. Fontaneto, EC = E. Carroll, EE = E. Eusukov, EH = E. Heiss, EL = E.B. Lopatina, EP = E. Provost, ET = E. Tikhonov, FB = F. Bernard, FMS = F.M. Steiner, FP = F. Pühringer, FR = F. Rigato, FT = Tiedemann, GB = G. Bračko, GG = G. Grabenweger, GH= G. Heller, GS = G.H. Schmidt, HK= H.Kutter, HM= H. Müller, HR = H. Rausch, HS= H.M. Steiner, JD = J. Dauber, JF = J. Frouz, JH = J.-M. Henin, JP= J. Pontin, JPE = J. Petal, JT = J. Trager, JV = J. Vogel, JW = J. Wardlaw, KV = K. Vock, KVE = K. Vepsäläinen, LE = L. Emery, LQ = L. Qiang, LS = L. Sundström, MD= M. Dubois, MN= M.G. Nielsen, MS= M. Sanetra, MT = M. Terayama, MW = M. Wuermli, NA = N. Aktac¸, NB = N. Blacker, NP = N. Pöll, PD = P. Duelli, PH = P. Hartmann, RG = R. Güsten, RGÖ = R. Göls, RN = R. Neumeyer, RP = R. Pereira, RR = R. Rausch, RR = R. Rosengren, RS = R. Schumann, RSZ = R. Schultz, SE = S.L. Esyunin, SS= S. Schödl, TA= T. Assmuth, TL = T. Ljubomirov, TN = T. Nuhn, TW = T. Wenseleers, UM = U. Maschwitz, VA = V. Antonova, VEK = V.E. Kipyatkov, VK= V. Kochnev, WC= W. Czechowski, WM = W.M. Wheeler, XE = X. Espadaler, YK = Y. Kochnev, YR = Y. Roisin). Collection (BSFS = collection of B.C. Schlick-Steiner and F.M. Steiner, housed by the Institute of Ecology of the University of Innsbruck, DAST = Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences and Technologies of the University of Bologna, MCSN = Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” Genova, MNHN = National Museum of Natural History Paris, MZLA = Museum of Zoology Lausanne, NHMB = Natural History Museum Basel, NHMV = Museum of Natural History Vienna, SMNG = Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, TLMF = Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck):repository of voucher specimens. Voucher specimen/DNA extract code (Voucher)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF58662C1768B62AFE9CDC758B979DAF" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" tableUuid="DF58662C1768B62AFE9CDC758B979DAF">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
): Alates recorded inside nests 2 July to 10 September.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D652F1770B632FCDAD90A8F269B22" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FCDAD90A8F269B22" blockId="27.[837,1475,188,1550]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Social organisation: Only known Western Palearctic species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FC6ED9EA8E569A82" box="[1003,1142,1176,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caespitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FC6ED9EA8E569A82" box="[1003,1142,1176,1199]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. caespitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FBF8D9EA8EFD9A82" box="[1149,1245,1176,1199]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FBF8D9EA8EFD9A82" box="[1149,1245,1176,1199]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex with functional polygyny (more than one queen per nest egg-laying) and supercolonies (absence of aggression between workers from different nests) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B551770B632FBABD98A8ED69B22" author="Steiner, F. M. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C. & Buschinger, A." box="[1070,1270,1272,1295]" journalOrPublisher="Insect. Soc." pageId="27" pageNumber="250" pagination="98 - 99" part="50" refId="ref31677" refString="Steiner, F. M., Schlick-Steiner, B. C., Buschinger, A., 2003. First record of unicolonial polygyny in Tetramorium cf. caespitum (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insect. Soc. 50, 98 - 99." title="First record of unicolonial polygyny in Tetramorium cf. caespitum (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2003">Steiner et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33D652F1770B632FCDAD86A89999823" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9836A41770B632FCDAD86A89999823" blockId="27.[837,1475,188,1550]" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Remarks: Two ambiguous nests (#260, #261) from Swiss Jura, not included in description, are inferred to represent hybridisation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FC7ED82A8E4D9B42" authorityName="Steinera & Seifertb & Moderc & Schlick-Steinera" authorityYear="2010" box="[1019,1133,1368,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alpestre">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FC7ED82A8E4D9B42" box="[1019,1133,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. alpestre</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C274D271770B632FB22D82A8F059B42" box="[1191,1317,1368,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B953EAB61770B632FB22D82A8F059B42" box="[1191,1317,1368,1391]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="250">T. impurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; hybridisation between these two species could be facilitated by overlapping altitudinal distribution, potentially overlapping nuptial flight phenology, and overall similarity of male genital structure (see Section 5.4. for details); no indication of hybridisation from Alps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |