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126 lines
18 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8eb41df5-bbe3-4102-bb6b-a5dc9b530096" ID-PMC="PMC8810658" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1084-43" ID-Pensoft-UUID="31A8001B3B065851A12E5F279B99D2B3" ID-PubMed="35233164" ID-ZooBank="F1B1DAC5901F4C42B6946A437A1228DE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1084-43" checkinTime="1643266229078" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo & Ito 3, Fuminori" docDate="2022" docId="02A8C4F446F356C782FDAFE7A1682BA8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1084: 43-64" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1084" docPubDate="2022-01-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767" docTitle="Tetramorium simillimum" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="31A8001B3B065851A12E5F279B99D2B3" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="31A8001B3B065851A12E5F279B99D2B3" masterDocTitle="Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1732479660632" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="54A4DAE03B1E7E668F31450564507E17">Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1D44DCF4967857AFEE5B42E0E5B5EF23">Yamane 1, Seiki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6C2FF008ADB37708D3F881FAF35AA814">Haruyama-cho, Kagoshima-shi 899 - 2704, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2E31F7197A9B4DCD359C38B572AFE8D0">Hosoishi 2, Shingo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="80A95FEFB14618F0DFAE94443C92D307">Haruyama-cho, Kagoshima-shi 899 - 2704, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F746FDD1567B88D80E7B9D3705CF41EB">Ito 3, Fuminori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B2BE3F1FD0B9270E165BDB8D76992BAE">Haruyama-cho, Kagoshima-shi 899 - 2704, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CA9FEDA00BA0CF35F312E5573AB4808C">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FCBED4E0B53C8D4835D8D8D188A9B183">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A84F7201B22F620177A262827C677C20">2022-01-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4C16A115EB04D140523B35C25FD32E40">1084</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="83AE59EE347A952D05720AA1A2A154C5" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="02A8C4F446F356C782FDAFE7A1682BA8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192649573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:02A8C4F446F356C782FDAFE7A1682BA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/02A8C4F446F356C782FDAFE7A1682BA8" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Myrmicinae">
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<subSubSection id="E8D6BFAD42BBA1FA550917C760E80809" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D23256AA08F9D4997D2306C52B4B8938" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="003A9BBF77E9F0F78936D7775599ACCB" ID-CoL="7BT7D" LSID="02A8C4F4-46F3-56C7-82FD-AFE7A1682BA8" authority="(F. Smith, 1851)" baseAuthorityName="F. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium simillimum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimum">Tetramorium simillimum (F. Smith, 1851)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1F3F539643AD8005AEA61D8E00997D07" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="82DD45B4C3A80991FB47ECF465BDB370" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<figureCitation id="E33C70C34DAEEB842CC00E5A72AB5DE8" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Some important characters used in the key to species a-e petiole in profile view a T. pacificum b T. lanuginosum c T. bicarinatum d T. smithi e T. tsushimae f-h anterior half of first gastral tergite f T. bicarinatum g T. simillimum h T. lanuginosum i-k antennal scape showing pilosity on its anterior margin l-n left hindtibia i, l T. cf. kraepelini j, m T. nipponense k, n T. simillimum o, p configuration of ocelli o T. tanakai p T. cf. kraepelini." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/638375" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Figs 1g, k, n</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="838169A6243E0A51B6387CB7253DF030" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Japanese Tetramorium queens: habitus in profile view a T. bicarinatum (Nagashima, Kagoshima-ken, Kyushu) b T. cf. kraepelini (Itoman, Okinawa-jima, Okinawa-ken) c T. lanuginosum (Komi, Iriomote-jima, Okinawa-ken) d T. nipponense (Umi-jinja, Shikano-shima, Fukuoka-shi) e T. pacificum (Upper Thompson Nature Park, Singapore) f T. simillimum (Yoron-jima, Amami Is., Kagoshima-ken). (Same specimens were used for ' head in full-face view' and ' habitus in dorsal view')." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/638376" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">, 2f</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="480138C6DC72F5CEB6221A2B555D2047" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Japanese Tetramorium queens: head in full-face view a T. bicarinatum b T. cf. kraepelini c T. lanuginosum d T. nipponense e T. pacificum f T. simillimum g T. smithi h T. tanakai i T. tsushimae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/638378" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">, 4f</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="44615DAC80822FD3AA55FCE8174989D8" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Japanese Tetramorium queens: habitus in dorsal view a T. bicarinatum b T. cf. kraepelini c T. lanuginosum d T. nipponense e T. pacificum f T. simillimum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/638379" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">, 5f</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BAC4706E899CBB43A3CC6110E5378B9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="queen diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EA28F633E1BFA50F2E77760FA5D012D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Queen diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00CE057382481F271793B0E2AE9C8710" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Measurements (n = 4): TBL 2.3-2.6 (2.5), HL 0.60-0.63 (0.62), HW 0.53-0.58 (0.56), SL 0.39-0.43 (0.41), EL 0.17-0.18 (0.18), EW 0.13 (0.13), PtW 0.20-0.23 (0.22), PptW 0.25-0.28 (0.27). Body yellowish-brown, with darker gaster and light brown to yellow legs. Dorsum of head with dense and longitudinal striae that are regular and parallel; interspaces microsculptured and mat. Clypeus with strong median carina; other longitudinal carinae weak, indistinct; anterior margin entire. Distance between anterior eye margin and mandibular base distinctly shorter than major diameter of eye. Dorsum of mesosoma entirely sculptured; pronotum reticulate, with anterolateral corner angulate; entire mesonotum densely with longitudinal striae; in profile lateral face of mesosoma entirely sculptured; upper portion of mesopleuron rugose and lower portion densely punctate (sometimes punctation weak). Propodeum with longitudinally puncto-striate dorsum and transversely puncto-striate declivity, entirely mat, without transverse carinae between propodeal spines; propodeal spine short, apically blunt, only slightly longer than metapleural lobe. Petiolar node anteriorly sharply truncate; petiole and postpetiole entirely sculptured; ventre of petiolar peduncle superficially sculptured and weakly shiny; nodes of both petiole and postpetiole coarsely punctured. Gastral tergite 1 in basal 1/3 densely and minutely punctate or coriaceous, mat or weakly shiny. Antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibiae without erect hairs. Erect body hairs not tapering apicad, apically often truncate or blunt.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B28A9EF9FCF72F3A850F967DD3D3E33C" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="caste difference">
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<paragraph id="61F17EE15E9D9B4FF38373AC8C53F544" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Caste difference.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2C78F1EE3B92E8DFBC702048DB1F184" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Worker measurements (n = 5): TBL 1.8-2.1 (1.9), HL 0.53-0.59 (0.56), HW 0.45-0.53 (0.49), SL 0.33-0.39 (0.36), EL 0.11-0.13 (0.12), EW 0.08-0.09 (0.08), PtW 0.16-0.18 (0.17), PptW 0.19-0.23 (0.21), CI 83.3-89.8 (87.4), SI 71.7-77.6 (74.6), ELI 20.0-22.6 (21.1). Worker very similar to the queen, but with the following differences. Body smaller than in the queen. Distance between anterior eye margin and mandibular base as long as or slightly longer than major diameter of eye; in the queen, the distance much shorter than major eye diameter. Mesonotum coarsely rugoso-reticulate, rugae wavy and irregular; in the queen striae fine and regular. Gastral tergite 1 entirely smooth and shiny; in the queen basal area of the tergite micropunctured and mat (sometimes microsculpture very faint and cuticle weakly shiny). Apical truncation of erect hairs on head and mesosoma more distinct; in the queen, erect hairs often not typically truncate.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9B20133CE8ACA8BE34378BE409A303F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="30091B775851AB661D2ABB7FE3334CC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9C7CB479D24BF7ECB23E37EC789C2FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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C. Ryukyus: 1q, (dealate),
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<normalizedToken id="96540F3E4AA00485B607D6547F98A667" originalValue="Nagahama-chô">Nagahama-cho</normalizedToken>
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, Naze,
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<normalizedToken id="7E5C83D0DF7259F51DF0FE04FDAC9685" originalValue="Amami-ôshima">Amami-oshima</normalizedToken>
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,
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<date id="F337DED77BD7807CE75DB5D92055A956" value="2017-06-17">17.vi.2017</date>
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, in dead twig on ground, F. Ito leg.; 1q (dealate), same loc., date and nesting site, F. Ito (FI17-102); 2q (dealate), Yoron-jima,
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<date id="60C8CB528A200644690F5CD63F7227E9" value="1999-05-28" valueMax="1999-06-02" valueMin="1999-05-28">28.v-2.vi.1999</date>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation id="32EE8609C2421F22ECCE39B61327CAEF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Japanese Tetramorium queens: habitus in profile view a T. bicarinatum (Nagashima, Kagoshima-ken, Kyushu) b T. cf. kraepelini (Itoman, Okinawa-jima, Okinawa-ken) c T. lanuginosum (Komi, Iriomote-jima, Okinawa-ken) d T. nipponense (Umi-jinja, Shikano-shima, Fukuoka-shi) e T. pacificum (Upper Thompson Nature Park, Singapore) f T. simillimum (Yoron-jima, Amami Is., Kagoshima-ken). (Same specimens were used for ' head in full-face view' and ' habitus in dorsal view')." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/638376" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">2f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="34D7226B02E046C4DDD02EE9D1FAEC01" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Japanese Tetramorium queens: head in full-face view a T. bicarinatum b T. cf. kraepelini c T. lanuginosum d T. nipponense e T. pacificum f T. simillimum g T. smithi h T. tanakai i T. tsushimae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/638378" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">4f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1B4FDBA4801C71C0B2E9C8B0F58DF3F9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Japanese Tetramorium queens: habitus in dorsal view a T. bicarinatum b T. cf. kraepelini c T. lanuginosum d T. nipponense e T. pacificum f T. simillimum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/638379" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">5f</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D87AD5C8363A0E518F0DA4EC123F0386" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="1934B0A293A3E54A1C591864915D7332" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5989D2E845482A1DB715AC6C4B623C8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="2FFDCDCAE546E7FEB42919C8EADF9779" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">in Japan.</emphasis>
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Nansei Islands, Ogasawara Islands, Volcano Island. Northern limit lies in Kodakara-jima of the Tokara Islands (
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<bibRefCitation id="25B2771139D749422FABC10F4DB1C7C1" author="Yamane, Sk" journalOrPublisher="Asakura-shoten, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B16" refString="Yamane, Sk, Fukumoto, S, 2017. Chapter 6. Tramp ant species in the Satsunan Islands, 108-131. In: Kagoshima University Biodiversity Study Group (Ed.) Alien Animals and Plants in the Amami Islands. Nanpo-shinsha, Kagoshima. [In Japanese]" title="Chapter 6. Tramp ant species in the Satsunan Islands, 108 - 131. In: Kagoshima University Biodiversity Study Group (Ed.) Alien Animals and Plants in the Amami Islands. Nanpo-shinsha, Kagoshima. [In Japanese]" year="2017">Yamane and Fukumoto 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68C31E5D9BF4063AFB7F8B525797AB87" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="454A9042EE47E12D99210FCC4E4F771A" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="98EA703D46377534A50AD5D1E4C22F3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="31E4D73DD1B4EF6DB8D41AAC9D6F3AF3" baseAuthorityName="F. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium simillimum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimum">
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<emphasis id="63DED0D00A3AC616BD608C548FE7DF0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">Tetramorium simillimum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the
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<taxonomicName id="77832392B766F9388489AB641C1047F9" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. simillimum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimum">
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<emphasis id="6678A738444A3931396CD621F7B4B4CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="43">T. simillimum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group (
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<bibRefCitation id="354FA387DCE810E823DC917505AECEC4" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="67 - 151" refId="B5" refString="Bolton, B, 1977. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions, and in Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Series 36: 67 - 151" title="The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions, and in Australia." volume="36" year="1977">Bolton 1977</bibRefCitation>
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). In the queen, it is easily distinguished from other Japanese congeners by the following character conditions: i) dorsum of head with regular longitudinal striae, with interspaces densely sculptured and mat; ii) erect body hairs not sharply pointed apically; iii) petiole anteriorly truncate, with dorsal face clearly separated from anterior slope with sharp angle; iv) basal 1/3 of gastral tergite 1 micropunctate or coriaceous and mat (sometimes weakly shiny). This species is a famous tramp of African origin (
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<bibRefCitation id="71C1DCBB0A271A6031A0DA18CC6B734C" author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" pagination="67 - 151" refId="B5" refString="Bolton, B, 1977. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions, and in Australia. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Series 36: 67 - 151" title="The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Oriental and Indo-Australian regions, and in Australia." volume="36" year="1977">Bolton 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C9890FA45C40548E1C4694F9BD1C175E" author="Yoshimura, M" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Entomology (New Series)" pageId="0" pageNumber="43" refId="B18" refString="Yoshimura, M, 2020. Chapter 4. Taxonomy of alien ants, 34-50. In: Hashimoto Y. (Ed.) Gairaiari no Hanashi. Asakura Shoten, Tokyo. [In Japanese]" title="Chapter 4. Taxonomy of alien ants, 34 - 50. In: Hashimoto Y. (Ed.) Gairaiari no Hanashi. Asakura Shoten, Tokyo. [In Japanese]" year="2020">Yoshimura 2020</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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