556 lines
71 KiB
XML
556 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="5164F3D6386E0A59774610D8113D8DB6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275617" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a5a542e7-1eba-46e8-adfa-5f4cdc4bda53" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275617" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460148481464" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Grismer, Lee, Tri, Ngo Van & Grismer, Jesse L." docDate="2010" docId="6332A47C7330FFFDF9C9FD30F3D62670" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02352p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2352" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cnemaspis psychedelica Grismer, Tri & Grismer, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="9F0BDC047332FFF4F95EFFADF24B220C" masterDocTitle="A colorful new species of insular rock gecko (Cnemaspis Strauch 1887) from southern Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698235465712" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="652B23D21224EE0F3CFDE0E7CE6D0B51">
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<mods:title id="217456BA9527B947460473DC316D1C30">A colorful new species of insular rock gecko (Cnemaspis Strauch 1887) from southern Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="20698A792EE02020AF9F7693FB989960" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="01BB09E339F8CEA6F41260A7825CE424">Grismer, Lee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9A39490EBB330D4432FFD20D9A5DCFC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A4AD6527FCD1AA4152A45EAB0F9BE453">Tri, Ngo Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6A11079099EE363810D142273A0C1073" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9115E1DC4E59C7F0B7F6A42C2C6E1798">Grismer, Jesse L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2CBEFB1F91D6C39391282D53003822E9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1B23848644A371C1D168104C956FC97D">
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<mods:date id="2E092257091AB154952F030A7348A171">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="37CC8F2C391077ACF938A0A2370B7C18">2352</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7D2CC041791E674911DE6FAE5D38DE57" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275617</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6332A47C7330FFFDF9C9FD30F3D62670" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6205630" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124955921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6205630" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6332A47C7330FFFDF9C9FD30F3D62670" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6332A47C7330FFFDF9C9FD30F3D62670" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="A38146E17330FFF6F9C9FD30F34F20F3" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EB24156A7330FFF6F9C9FD30F06B20BB" blockId="2.[151,544,669,767]" box="[151,544,669,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="B06CA2067330FFF6F9C9FD30F06B20BB" bold="true" box="[151,544,669,695]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787330FFF6F9C9FD30F06B20BB" bold="true" box="[151,544,669,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97330FFF6F9C9FD30F3F020BB" box="[151,443,669,695]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787330FFF6F9C9FD30F3F020BB" bold="true" box="[151,443,669,695]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2DC74037330FFF6F89CFD30F06B20BB" box="[450,544,669,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EB24156A7330FFF6F9C9FD6DF34F20F3" blockId="2.[151,544,669,767]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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Psychedelic Rock
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<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97330FFF6F831FD6DF3F720D6" box="[367,444,704,730]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gekko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gecko">Gecko</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="73A009EF7330FFF6F9C9FD48F34F20F3" box="[151,260,741,767]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,257,1586,1610]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,1620,1644]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,255,1410,1434]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,255,1372,1396]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,255,1021,1045]" captionTargetBox-0="[313,1273,1045,1564]" captionTargetBox-1="[314,1272,343,1597]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1434,343,1388]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1434,493,1351]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1434,186,999]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[313,1273,1045,1565]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[314,1273,343,1599]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,343,1388]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,493,1351]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[151,1436,186,999]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Type series of Cnemaspis psychedelica. Left to right: Holotype UNS 0444; Paratypes UNS 0 446, 0 448, 0 445, 0 447, and 0 449." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Femoral and tibial region of Cnemaspis psychedelica (upper, holotype UNS 0444) and C. boulengeri." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Uncataloged specimens of Cnemaspis psychedelica photographed in situ at night." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Uncataloged specimen of Cnemaspis psychedelica photographed in situ at night sleeping on a leaf." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Uncataloged specimen of Cnemaspis psychedelica photographed in situ during the day showing the slightly darker trunk and upper limb coloration." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/275618/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/275619/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/275620/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/275621/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/275622/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Figs. 2–6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A38146E17330FFF6F9C9FC82F1CA21D3" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EB24156A7330FFF6F9C9FC82F2B62198" blockId="2.[151,1436,815,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787330FFF6F9C9FC82F35F2145" bold="true" box="[151,276,815,841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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<typeStatus id="3420ABC87330FFF6F9C9FC82F3442145" box="[151,271,815,841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Adult male (
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<collectionCode id="8D8A8DAF7330FFF6F8EBFC9DF3B82146" box="[437,499,816,842]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0nv9-p2k7" name="University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">UNS</collectionCode>
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0444) collected on
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<date id="9F2533AA7330FFF6FBB6FC9DF1C12146" box="[744,906,816,842]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" value="2009-06-24">24 June 2009</date>
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from Hon Khoai Island, Ca Mau Province, Ngoc Hien District,
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<collectingCountry id="938C55FA7330FFF6F8D1FCF8F3BE2163" box="[399,501,853,879]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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(08°
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<geoCoordinate id="8EAF73AD7330FFF6FB70FCF8F0EC2163" box="[558,679,853,879]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" precision="55" value="26.098">26.098 N</geoCoordinate>
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, 104°
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<geoCoordinate id="8EAF73AD7330FFF6FBB7FCF8F1162163" box="[745,861,853,879]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" precision="55" value="49.536">49.536 E</geoCoordinate>
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) by Ngo Van Tri, Jesse L. Grismer, and L. Lee Grismer.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EB24156A7330FFF6F998FC32F1CA21D3" blockId="2.[151,1436,815,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787330FFF6F998FC32F30021B5" bold="true" box="[198,331,927,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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<typeStatus id="3420ABC87330FFF6F998FC32F30D21B5" box="[198,326,927,953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The collection date and locality of the
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<typeStatus id="3420ABC87330FFF6FA7FFC0DF1DA21B6" box="[801,913,928,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="8D8A8DAF7330FFF6FAC4FC0DF19E21B6" box="[922,981,928,954]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0nv9-p2k7" name="University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">UNS</collectionCode>
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0 445 (female), 0 446 (male), 0447–40 (females), and 0 449 (male) are the same as that of the
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<typeStatus id="3420ABC87330FFF6FA4DFC68F13521D3" box="[787,894,965,991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="BFE445E27330FFF6F9C9F99FF3CD2465" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275618/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[313,1273,1045,1564]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="EB24156A7330FFF6F9C9F99FF3CD2465" blockId="2.[151,1436,1586,1641]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787330FFF6F9C9F99FF3572446" bold="true" box="[151,284,1586,1610]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Type series of
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787330FFF6F899F99FF0972445" box="[455,732,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97330FFF6F899F99FF09C2445" box="[455,727,1586,1609]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">Cnemaspis psychedelica</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Left to right: Holotype UNS 0444; Paratypes UNS 0 446, 0 448, 0 445, 0 447, and 0 449.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="A38146E17330FFF7F99AF93AF32D232E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EB24156A7330FFF7F99AF93AF32D232E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1687,2012]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,290]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787330FFF6F99AF93AF37724BD" bold="true" box="[196,316,1687,1713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97330FFF6F814F935F02224BD" box="[330,617,1688,1713]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787330FFF6F814F935F02224BD" box="[330,617,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from all other Southeast Asian species of
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<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97330FFF6FDF9F935F76324BD" box="[1191,1320,1688,1713]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787330FFF6FDF9F935F76324BD" box="[1191,1320,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Cnemaspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a color pattern in both sexes and all age classes of bright-orange forelimbs, hands, feet and tail; bright-orange flanks bearing three or four yellow, transverse bars; a bright-yellow reticulum on the neck overlaying thick, black streaks; and a greenish head. It differs further from all other species of
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<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97330FFF6FD7CF8A5F6E8252D" box="[1058,1187,1800,1825]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787330FFF6FD7CF8A5F6E8252D" box="[1058,1187,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Cnemaspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having the unique combination of adult males reaching at least
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<quantity id="2C63B88F7330FFF6FBEBF880F16B254B" box="[693,800,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.529999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="75.3">75.3 mm</quantity>
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SVL, adult females reaching at least
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<quantity id="2C63B88F7330FFF6FDB6F880F718254B" box="[1256,1363,1837,1863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.22" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="72.2">72.2 mm</quantity>
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SVL; having seven or eight supralabials and 5–7 infralabials; very large mental scale followed by three postmental scales and extending posteriorly to the level of the fourth or fifth infralabial scales; dorsal forearm scales and dorsal tubercles keeled; subtibials, ventrals, and subcaudals smooth; 32–48 paravertebral tubercles; tubercles on flanks not linearly arranged; caudal tubercles restricted to single paravertebral rows; one or two postcloacal tubercles; no precloacal scales; greatly enlarged femoral scales; large, plate-like subtibial scales; enlarged, submetatarsal scales beneath first toe; and 25–28 subdigital lamellae on fourth toe. These differences are summarized across all other
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<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97331FFF7FB53FF4FF0D122F7" box="[525,666,226,251]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787331FFF7FB53FF4FF0D122F7" box="[525,666,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Cnemaspis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B7331FFF7FB98FF4FF19622F0" author="Grismer" box="[710,989,226,252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" refString="Grismer, L. L., Chan, K. O., Nurolhuda, N. & Sumontha, M. (2008 a) A new species of karst dwelling gecko (genus Cnemaspis Strauch 1887) from the border region of Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 1875, 51 - 68." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
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Grismer
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787331FFF7FA67FF4FF13022F7" box="[825,891,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
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(2008a
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<tableCitation id="A61920D17331FFF7FABEFF4FF62922F0" box="[992,1122,226,252]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,242,375,399]" captionText="TABLE 1. Descriptive measurements and scale counts of the type series of Cnemaspis psychedelica. See materials and methods for abbreviations." pageId="3" pageNumber="49">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
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||
) and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B7331FFF7FDEEFF4FF32A232E" author="Grismer" pageId="3" pageNumber="57" refString="Grismer, L. L., Norhayai, A., Chan, K. O., Belabut, D., Muin, M. A., Wood, P. W. Jr. & Grismer, J. L. (2009) Two new diminutive species of Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 2019, 40 - 56." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Grismer and Chan (2009:
|
||
<tableCitation id="A61920D17331FFF7F980FEA5F31E232E" box="[222,341,264,290]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,242,375,399]" captionText="TABLE 1. Descriptive measurements and scale counts of the type series of Cnemaspis psychedelica. See materials and methods for abbreviations." pageId="3" pageNumber="49">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="BFE445E27331FFF7F9C9F9F9F7102460" box="[151,1371,1620,1644]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275619/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[314,1272,343,1597]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="EB24156A7331FFF7F9C9F9F9F7102460" blockId="3.[151,1371,1620,1644]" box="[151,1371,1620,1644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787331FFF7F9C9F9F9F3522460" bold="true" box="[151,281,1620,1644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Femoral and tibial region of
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<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97331FFF7FB0CF9F8F11C2460" box="[594,855,1621,1644]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
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<emphasis id="D9EFC9787331FFF7FB0CF9F8F11C2460" box="[594,855,1621,1644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(upper, holotype UNS 0444) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97331FFF7FD9FF9F8F71C2460" box="[1217,1367,1621,1644]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">C. boulengeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A38146E17331FFF1F99AF937F1C625E0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7331FFF0F99AF937F110232E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1690,2015]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,290]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787331FFF7F99AF937F3A524B8" bold="true" box="[196,494,1690,1716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="3420ABC87331FFF7F825F937F3A224B8" box="[379,489,1690,1716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male; SVL
|
||
<quantity id="2C63B88F7331FFF7FB9BF937F17A24B8" box="[709,817,1690,1716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.159999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="71.6">71.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head oblong in dorsal profile, moderate in size (HL/ SVL 0.27), moderate in width (HW/SVL 0.18), flat (HD/HL 0.39), distinct from neck; snout short (ES/HL 0.47), concave in lateral profile; postnasal region constricted medially, flat; scales of rostrum smooth to weakly keeled, raised, larger than similarly shaped scales on occiput; distinct, supraorbital ridges; prominent frontorostral sulcus; canthus rostralis smoothly rounded; eye large (ED/HL 0.20); extra-brillar fringe scales small in general but elongate anteriorly; pupil round; ear opening oval, much taller than wide; rostral concave dorsally, dorsal 50% divided by longitudinal groove; rostral bordered posteriorly by two large supranasals and laterally by first supralabials and nostrils; 8R,9L horizontally keeled supralabials slightly tapering in size posteriorly; 6R,L infralabials, decreasing gradually in size posteriorly; nostrils elliptical, oriented dorsoposteriorly; bordered posteriorly by three small scales; mental very large, triangular, extending to level of fourth infralabial, bordered posteriorly by three postmentals, the lateral postmentals one-half the size of the rostral, the medial postmental very small; gular scales small, smooth to faintly keeled, juxtaposed and slightly raised to subimbricate; throat scales, smooth, slightly raised.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BFE445E27336FFF0F9C9FA2FF6CD2795" box="[151,1158,1410,1434]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275620/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[151,1434,343,1388]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7336FFF0F9C9FA2FF6CD2795" blockId="4.[151,1158,1410,1434]" box="[151,1158,1410,1434]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787336FFF0F9C9FA2FF3522796" bold="true" box="[151,281,1410,1434]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Uncataloged specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97336FFF0FB1EFA2FF10E2795" box="[576,837,1410,1433]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787336FFF0FB1EFA2FF10E2795" box="[576,837,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
photographed
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787336FFF0FABBFA2FF66D2795" box="[997,1062,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
at night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7336FFF1F99AFA65F0C223BB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1480,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,439]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
Body robust; small, weakly keeled, dorsal scales equal in size throughout body, intermixed with slightly larger, weakly keeled tubercles more or less longitudinally arranged, especially in vertebral region; tubercles extend from just anterior of forelimb insertion to base of tail and are smallest anteriorly; 32 paravertebral tubercles; pectoral and abdominal scales smooth, subimbricate, posterior abdominal scales slightly larger; abdominal scales much larger than dorsals; precloacal pores and depression absent; femoral pores absent; forelimbs moderately long, robust, dorsal scales keeled; ventral scales of forearm smooth, subimbricate; palmar scales smooth, juxtaposed, raised; digits long with an inflected joint; claws recurved; subdigital lamellae unnotched; lamellae wide throughout length of digits; interdigital webbing absent; fingers increase in length from first to fourth with fifth shorter than fourth; digits one and two missing on right hand; hind limbs longer and thicker than forelimbs, robust in stature; dorsal scales small, keeled, raised, juxtaposed; ventral scales of hind limbs smooth, imbricate; two rows of greatly enlarged smooth, flat, femoral scales extending from hind limb insertion to knee joint and increasing in size distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF7336FFF0FAE1F8CFF64E2570" box="[959,1029,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[314,1272,343,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[314,1273,343,1599]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Femoral and tibial region of Cnemaspis psychedelica (upper, holotype UNS 0444) and C. boulengeri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275619/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); subtibials smooth, flat and platelike covering entire subtibial region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF7336FFF0FB06F825F0E825AE" box="[600,675,1928,1954]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[314,1272,343,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[314,1273,343,1599]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Femoral and tibial region of Cnemaspis psychedelica (upper, holotype UNS 0444) and C. boulengeri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275619/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); plantar scales smooth, slightly raised, subimbricate; enlarged submetatarsal scales beneath first metatarsal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF7336FFF0FBEBF800F0B625CB" box="[693,765,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[314,1272,343,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[314,1273,343,1599]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Femoral and tibial region of Cnemaspis psychedelica (upper, holotype UNS 0444) and C. boulengeri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275619/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); digits elongate with an inflected joint; claws recurved; subdigital lamellae unnotched; lamellae wide throughout length of digits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF7336FFF0FAA9F87FF67525E0" box="[1015,1086,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[314,1272,343,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[314,1273,343,1599]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Femoral and tibial region of Cnemaspis psychedelica (upper, holotype UNS 0444) and C. boulengeri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275619/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
); interdigital webbing absent; toes increase in length from first to fourth with fourth being slightly longer than fifth; 27L, 28R subdigital lamellae on fourth toe; caudal scales weakly arranged in whorls; caudal scales smooth, flat, juxtaposed; shallow, middorsal and single lateral furrows; median row of transversely enlarged, smooth, subcaudal scales on original part of tail (anterior
|
||
<quantity id="2C63B88F7337FFF1FB4AFEA5F0C9232E" box="[532,642,264,290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="35.8">35.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), more narrow transversely enlarged median row of subcaudals on regenerated portion of tail (posterior
|
||
<quantity id="2C63B88F7337FFF1FB0AFE80F08A234B" box="[596,705,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.41" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="44.1">44.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) bearing a midventral furrow; caudal tubercles occur only in single paravertebral rows on original portion of tail; regenerated portion of tail covered with smooth, flat, randomly arranged, juxtaposed scales; two enlarged, postcloacal tubercles on lateral surfaces of hemipenal swellings at base of tail; tail 1.1% of SVL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BFE445E27337FFF1F9C9FAF1F776277F" box="[151,1341,1372,1396]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275621/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[151,1434,493,1351]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7337FFF1F9C9FAF1F776277F" blockId="5.[151,1341,1372,1396]" box="[151,1341,1372,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787337FFF1F9C9FAF1F3522778" bold="true" box="[151,281,1372,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Uncataloged specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97337FFF1FB6BFAF0F1702778" box="[565,827,1373,1396]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787337FFF1FB6BFAF0F1702778" box="[565,827,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
photographed
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787337FFF1FA85FAF0F6572778" box="[987,1052,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
at night sleeping on a leaf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7337FFF1F99AFA0CF7C32490" blockId="5.[151,1437,1441,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787337FFF1F99AFA0CF3F027B7" bold="true" box="[196,443,1441,1467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Coloration (in life).</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal ground color of head anterior to posterior margin of eyes greenish yellow; occipital region and nape covered with a bright-yellow reticulum overlaying thick, black streaks, some of which begin as thin, postorbital stripes; dorsal ground color of trunk and upper limbs immediately proximal to the elbow and knee joints blue-gray to light purple; hands, feet, and distal portion of limbs bright-orange; ventral portion of flanks bright-orange bearing four, short, transverse, yellow bars; tail bright-orange; all ventral surfaces beige, generally immaculate except for faint stippling on throat and gular region. In alcohol, coloration is generally uniform brown dorsally and beige ventrally, except for a slightly darker gular region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7337FFF1F99AF90AF1C625E0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1441,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787337FFF1F99AF90AF30124CD" bold="true" box="[196,330,1703,1729]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in scale counts and measurements are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="A61920D17337FFF1FD1DF90AF6F424CD" box="[1091,1215,1703,1729]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,242,375,399]" captionText="TABLE 1. Descriptive measurements and scale counts of the type series of Cnemaspis psychedelica. See materials and methods for abbreviations." pageId="5" pageNumber="51">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Color pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97337FFF1F9C9F960F38F24EA" box="[151,452,1741,1766]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787337FFF1F9C9F960F38F24EA" box="[151,452,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is remarkably consistent among the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3420ABC87337FFF1FAD2F960F64A24EB" box="[908,1025,1741,1767]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
and other uncollected specimens photographed
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787337FFF1F861F95FF3C22507" box="[319,393,1778,1803]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
(see Figs. 4,5,6), showing no differences between sexes or age classes. In comparison to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3420ABC87337FFF1F99DF8BAF361253D" box="[195,298,1815,1841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(UNS 0444), black streaking on the neck is slightly more distinct in UNS 0 445 and 0 449 and is very faint in UNS 0 446. The yellow reticulum on the nape in UNS 0 446 is also slightly less prominent. UNS 0 446 also has a patch of skin missing from the dorsal surface of the right thigh. Another feature of this species is its lack of sexual dimorphism in other aspects of its morphology. Males do not have precloacal pores and their hemipenal swellings at the base of the tail are remarkably small, making it somewhat difficult to differentiate males from females without a gonadal examination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="BFE445E27334FFF2F9C9FC50F0772638" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275622/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[151,1434,186,999]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7334FFF2F9C9FC50F0772638" blockId="6.[151,1435,1021,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787334FFF2F9C9FC50F3522619" bold="true" box="[151,281,1021,1045]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Uncataloged specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97334FFF2FB6BFC50F1702618" box="[565,827,1021,1044]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787334FFF2FB6BFC50F1702618" box="[565,827,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
photographed
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787334FFF2FA85FC50F6562618" box="[987,1053,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
during the day showing the slightly darker trunk and upper limb coloration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BFE445E27334FFF2F9C9F957F091251E" box="[151,730,1786,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7334FFF2F9C9F957F091251E" blockId="6.[151,730,1786,1810]" box="[151,730,1786,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787334FFF2F9C9F957F352251E" bold="true" box="[151,281,1786,1810]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Microhabitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97334FFF2F893F956F09E251E" box="[461,725,1787,1810]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">Cnemaspis psychedelica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A38146E17334FFF3F99AF8EDF669234B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7334FFF2F99AF8EDF6A52573" blockId="6.[151,1437,1856,2034]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787334FFF2F99AF8EDF3292556" bold="true" box="[196,354,1856,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97334FFF2F82CF8EDF0D12555" box="[370,666,1856,1881]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787334FFF2F82CF8EDF0D12555" box="[370,666,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from Hon Khoai Island, Ngoc Hien District, Ca Mau Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="938C55FA7334FFF2F814F8C8F3E62573" box="[330,429,1893,1919]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
in Rach Gia Bay
|
||
<quantity id="2C63B88F7334FFF2FB21F8C8F0822573" box="[639,713,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
|
||
off the southern tip of Point Can Mau (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF7334FFF2FDC6F8C8F6972573" box="[1176,1244,1893,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,883,907]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Cnemaspis in Vietnam." pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7334FFF3F998F820F669234B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1856,2034]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,327]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787334FFF2F998F820F3C725AB" bold="true" box="[198,396,1933,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Natural History</emphasis>
|
||
. Hon Khoai Island is a small (~
|
||
<quantity id="2C63B88F7334FFF2FA5FF820F17025AB" box="[769,827,1933,1959]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
2) island lying
|
||
<quantity id="2C63B88F7334FFF2FABBF820F67B25AB" box="[997,1072,1933,1959]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="18.0">18 km</quantity>
|
||
south off Point Ca Mau off the Ca Mau Peninsula in Rach Gia Bay (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF7334FFF2FB0DF81EF0D125C1" box="[595,666,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,883,907]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Cnemaspis in Vietnam." pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). It reaches approximately
|
||
<quantity id="2C63B88F7334FFF2FABAF81EF67B25C1" box="[996,1072,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</quantity>
|
||
at its highest point and slopes moderately to the sea, lacking some of the precipitous, rocky bluffs characteristic of some of the other nearby islands. It maintains a thick forest cover that is dominated by primary, semideciduous forest on its slopes and upper elevations with disjunct, mangrove swamps fringing its coastlines. Hon Khoai Island’s granite basement results in scattered, small to massive, boulder outcroppings across the lower elevations of the island that provide the microhabitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97335FFF3FB13FEA5F1C7232D" box="[589,908,264,289]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3FB13FEA5F1C7232D" box="[589,908,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The vegetation surrounding the granite outcroppings is usually dense and composed of relatively small trees (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF7335FFF3FA95FE80F658234B" box="[971,1043,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1786,1810]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Microhabitat of Cnemaspis psychedelica." pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="BFE445E27335FFF3F9C9FEDAF3FE23A3" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7335FFF3F9C9FEDAF3FE23A3" blockId="7.[151,1436,375,1505]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3F9C9FEDAF3472383" bold="true" box="[151,268,375,399]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Descriptive measurements and scale counts of the type series of
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3FA94FED5F6932383" box="[970,1240,376,399]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97335FFF3FA94FED5F69F2383" box="[970,1236,376,399]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">Cnemaspis psychedelica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
See materials and methods for abbreviations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A38146E17335FFFDFB64FE67F065263E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7335FFF3FB64FE67F70423ED" blockId="7.[151,1436,375,1505]" box="[570,1359,458,481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">UNS UNS UNS UNS UNS UNS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7335FFF3FB64FE58F71B2000" blockId="7.[151,1436,375,1505]" box="[570,1360,501,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">0 445 0 446 0 447 0 448 0 449 0 444</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7335FFF3FB64FD8DF73C203B" blockId="7.[151,1436,375,1505]" box="[570,1399,544,567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<typeStatus id="3420ABC87335FFF3FB64FD8DF6A8203B" box="[570,1251,544,567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratype paratype paratype paratype paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<typeStatus id="3420ABC87335FFF3FC44FD8DF73C203B" box="[1306,1399,544,567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A7335FFFCF9C1FDE7F3CF2040" blockId="7.[151,1436,375,1505]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,588]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Sex female male female female male male SVL 72.2 75.3 54.7 69.2 55.7 71.6 TL 79.5r 70.1r 71.1 60.5r 58.2 77.9r TW 9.5 9.5 7 8.8 7.6 9.6 FL 12.9 12.2 9.8 12.5 11.1 12.7 TBL 15.3 15.8 12 14 12.5 15.4 AG 29.3 29.7 21.7 28.4 21.4 26.2 HL 19.2 19.4 14.4 19.2 15.7 19.4 HW 13 13.8 10.2 12 9.6 12.7 HD 8.3 8.3 5.8 7.3 6 7.6 ED 3.6 3.9 3.1 3.6 3 3.8 EE 5.5 6.1 3.9 5.5 4.3 5.5 ES 9.5 9.4 7.2 9.3 7.2 9.2 EN 7 8.2 5.6 6.8 5.5 11.9 IO 5.9 5.5 5.1 5.7 4 4.8 EL 2.4 2 1.2 2.4 2.1 2 IN 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.5 2.1 Supralabials 8 8 8 8 7 8 Infralabials 6 5 7 6 5 6 No. paravertebral tubercles 38 36 48 34 37 32 No. of postcloacal tubercles 1 2 1 1 2 2 No. of 4th toe lamellae 26 28 25 27 26 28
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97335FFF3F998F985F3A3244D" box="[198,488,1576,1601]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3F998F985F3A3244D" box="[198,488,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a relatively large, robust, diurnal, lowland, saxicolous species. We observed several lizards of both sexes and all size class abroad on large, granite boulders in the shade of the forest canopy from 0800–1930 hrs. Some lizards were seen sitting exposed in filtered sunlight apparently basking. Lizards would retreat into rock cracks, beneath ledges, or between rocks upon our approach. It was not uncommon to see 2–5 lizards together on the same rock. Lizards showed no preference for any particular plane of orientation, be it vertical, horizontal, or inverted nor did they restrict their activity to only deeply shaded, surfaces as do many other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97335FFF3FB91F8A5F11D252D" box="[719,854,1800,1825]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3FB91F8A5F11D252D" box="[719,854,1800,1825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Cnemaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B7335FFF3FA39F8A5F6C8252E" author="Chan" box="[871,1155,1800,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Grismer, L. L., Grismer, J. L., Wood, Jr., P. L. & Chan, K. O. (2008 b) The distribution, taxonomy, and redescription of the geckos Cnemaspis affinis (Stoliczka 1887) and C. flavolineata (Nicholls 1949) with descriptions of a new montane species and two new lowland, karst-dwelling species from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 1931, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2008">Chan & Grismer 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B7335FFF3FDCEF8A5F7DC252E" author="Das" box="[1168,1431,1800,1826]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Das, I. & Grismer, L. L. (2003) Two new species of Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Seribuat Archipelago, Pahang and Johor States, West Malaysia. Herpetologica, 59, 544 - 552." type="journal article" year="2003">Das & Grismer 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B7335FFF3F9C9F880F3E1254B" author="Grismer" box="[151,426,1837,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Grismer, L. L., Grismer, J. L., Wood, Jr., P. L. & Chan, K. O. (2008 b) The distribution, taxonomy, and redescription of the geckos Cnemaspis affinis (Stoliczka 1887) and C. flavolineata (Nicholls 1949) with descriptions of a new montane species and two new lowland, karst-dwelling species from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 1931, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2008">Grismer & Chan 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B7335FFF3FB5BF880F143254B" author="Grismer" box="[517,776,1837,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Grismer, L. L. & Das, I. (2006) A new species of gekkonid lizard of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 from Pulau Pemanggil, Johor, West Malaysia. Herpetological Natural History, 10, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="2006">Grismer & Das 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B7335FFF3FA4BF880F656254B" author="Grismer" box="[789,1053,1837,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Grismer, L. L. & Ngo, V. T. (2007) Four new species of the gekkonid genus Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 (Reptilia: Squamata) from southern Vietnam. Herpetologica, 63, 482 - 500." type="journal article" year="2007">Grismer & Ngo 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B7335FFF3FD74F880F767254B" author="Grismer" box="[1066,1324,1837,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" refString="Grismer, L. L., Chan, K. O., Nurolhuda, N. & Sumontha, M. (2008 a) A new species of karst dwelling gecko (genus Cnemaspis Strauch 1887) from the border region of Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 1875, 51 - 68." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3FDCBF880F698254A" box="[1173,1235,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B7335FFF3FC6FF880F70A254B" author="Grismer" box="[1329,1345,1837,1863]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Grismer, L. L., Grismer, J. L., Wood, Jr., P. L. & Chan, K. O. (2008 b) The distribution, taxonomy, and redescription of the geckos Cnemaspis affinis (Stoliczka 1887) and C. flavolineata (Nicholls 1949) with descriptions of a new montane species and two new lowland, karst-dwelling species from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 1931, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 2009). During the evening hours from
|
||
<date id="9F2533AA7335FFF3FB4BF8FFF0F32560" box="[533,696,1874,1900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" value="1930" valueMax="2400">1930 to 2400</date>
|
||
, lizards were more difficult to find, although the much larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97335FFF3F9C9F8D5F370259D" box="[151,315,1912,1937]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cyrtodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3F9C9F8D5F370259D" box="[151,315,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Cyrtodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2DC74037335FFF3F81DF8D5F3D6259E" box="[323,413,1912,1938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3FB48F8D5F01A259D" box="[534,593,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
in prep) were very common, occupying nearly every conceivable niche and most likely out competing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97335FFF3FB7BF830F0A525BA" box="[549,750,1949,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3FB7BF830F0A525BA" box="[549,750,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">C. psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. During the day when
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97335FFF3FD4BF830F69525BA" box="[1045,1246,1949,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3FD4BF830F69525BA" box="[1045,1246,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">C. psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was abundant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97335FFF3F9C9F86EF37625D0" box="[151,317,1987,2012]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cyrtodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3F9C9F86EF37625D0" box="[151,317,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">Cyrtodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2DC74037335FFF3F81BF86FF3EA25D0" box="[325,417,1986,2012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
could not be found. At night, most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE97335FFF3FA12F86EF64225D0" box="[844,1033,1987,2012]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC9787335FFF3FA12F86EF64225D0" box="[844,1033,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="53">C. psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were restricted to deeper areas of crevices and were only occasionally seen outside the rock cracks. Those that were seen abroad were only on inaccessible, more sheltered, vertical surfaces beneath large overhangs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF733AFFFCFAA7FF10F60F22DB" box="[1017,1092,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1786,1810]" captionText="FIGURE 7. Microhabitat of Cnemaspis psychedelica." pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). During this period as well, lizards were often seen in pairs or trios (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF733AFFFCFB21FF4FF08322F0" box="[639,712,226,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1410,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,343,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,343,1388]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Uncataloged specimens of Cnemaspis psychedelica photographed in situ at night." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275620/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and their coloration was even more brilliant with the trunk becoming a light purple (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF733AFFFCF89FFEA5F05D232E" box="[449,534,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1410,1434]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,343,1388]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,343,1388]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Uncataloged specimens of Cnemaspis psychedelica photographed in situ at night." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275620/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF733AFFFCFB44FEA5F062232E" box="[538,553,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,493,1351]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,493,1351]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Uncataloged specimen of Cnemaspis psychedelica photographed in situ at night sleeping on a leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275621/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">5</figureCitation>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF733AFFFCFB05FEA5F0E8232E" box="[603,675,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1021,1045]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,186,999]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,186,999]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Uncataloged specimen of Cnemaspis psychedelica photographed in situ during the day showing the slightly darker trunk and upper limb coloration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275622/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The only individual observed not on rocks was found sleeping on a leaf at night (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF733AFFFCF830FE80F3FC234B" box="[366,439,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1372,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,493,1351]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,493,1351]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Uncataloged specimen of Cnemaspis psychedelica photographed in situ at night sleeping on a leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275621/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). We observed hatchlings, gravid females carrying two eggs, and egg clusters on the undersides of overhanging boulders. Other reptiles observed were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFABFFEFFF6F22367" box="[993,1209,338,363]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Draco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFABFFEFFF6F22367" box="[993,1209,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Draco maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUDPC 5270),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCF9C9FED5F30A239D" box="[151,321,376,401]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cyrtodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCF9C9FED5F30A239D" box="[151,321,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Cyrtodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C2DC7403733AFFFCF817FED5F3E9239E" box="[329,418,376,402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFB7EFED5F015239D" box="[544,606,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
in prep.),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFB80FED5F130239D" box="[734,891,376,401]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gekko" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gecko">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFB80FED5F130239D" box="[734,891,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Gekko gecko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUDPC 5090),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFD01FED5F76C239D" box="[1119,1319,376,401]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Gehyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutilata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFD01FED5F76C239D" box="[1119,1319,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Gehyra mutilata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUHC 4086),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCF9B3FE30F3B523BA" box="[237,510,413,438]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCF9B3FE30F3B523BA" box="[237,510,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Hemidactylus frenatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUDPC 5091),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFBBDFE30F13023BA" box="[739,891,413,438]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFBBDFE30F13023BA" box="[739,891,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">H. platyurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUDPC 5093),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFD3EFE30F75D23BA" box="[1120,1302,413,438]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Dasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivacea">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFD3EFE30F75D23BA" box="[1120,1302,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Dasia olivacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUDPC 2959),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCF9AAFE6FF06823D7" box="[244,547,450,475]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Eutropis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCF9AAFE6FF06823D7" box="[244,547,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Eutropis multifasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUHC 3222),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFA5AFE6FF64023D7" box="[772,1035,450,476]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Scincella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reevesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFA5AFE6FF13023D7" box="[772,891,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Scincella</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFAEEFE6FF64023D7" box="[944,1035,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">reevesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(observed but not collected or photographed);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCF80DFE45F056200D" box="[339,541,488,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Varanidae" genus="Varanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvator">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCF80DFE45F056200D" box="[339,541,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Varanus salvator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUDPC 5123),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFBA2FE45F19A200D" box="[764,977,488,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ahaetulla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prasina">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFBA2FE45F19A200D" box="[764,977,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Ahaetulla prasina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUDPC 5037),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFDEEFE45F7D0200D" box="[1200,1435,488,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chrysopelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFDEEFE45F7D0200D" box="[1200,1435,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Chrysopelea ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(observed but not collected or photographed),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFB9BFDA0F1E7202A" box="[709,940,525,550]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capucinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFB9BFDA0F1E7202A" box="[709,940,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Lycodon capucinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LSUDPC 3242), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFD9FFDA0F7D7202A" box="[1217,1436,525,550]" class="Reptilia" family="Pythonidae" genus="Python" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFD9FFDA0F7D7202A" box="[1217,1436,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Python reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(reported by locals).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BFE445E2733AFFFCF9C9F8FEF3572586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[313,1273,642,1853]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A733AFFFCF9C9F8FEF3572586" blockId="8.[151,1436,1875,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCF9C9F8FEF3572567" bold="true" box="[151,284,1875,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Upper:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCF828F8FEF0212566" box="[374,618,1875,1898]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCF828F8FEF0212566" box="[374,618,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Cnemaspis boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Con Dao Islands. Lower:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733AFFFCFAB1F8FEF6A82566" box="[1007,1251,1875,1898]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFAB1F8FEF6A82566" box="[1007,1251,1875,1898]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">Cnemaspis boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
photographed
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733AFFFCFCD9F8FEF2F52586" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="54">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
at night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A733BFFFDF99AFF35F6B7239E" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The most intriguing question concerning this species is why does it have such a bright, contrasting, incongruent color pattern? Unfortunately all we can offer is speculation. Its pattern has nothing to do with crypsis by way of disruptive coloration or camouflage because these relatively large, robust lizards are amazingly conspicuous, even at a distance of
|
||
<quantity id="2C63B88F733BFFFDFB90FEA5F147232E" box="[718,780,264,290]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
through the forest. Sexual selection can be ruled out because there is no sexual dimorphism. Our best guess at this point is that it may have something to do with aposematism. If so, this would rule out a diurnal, mammalian predator (being that most mammalian predators are color blind) that
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDF8D8FED5F382239D" box="[390,457,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">might</emphasis>
|
||
be on the island and would suggest there is an avian predator instead.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A733BFFFDF99AFE30F38B209B" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The general abundance and diurnal saxicoloy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFA48FE30F67423BA" box="[790,1087,413,438]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFA48FE30F67423BA" box="[790,1087,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of its close relative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDF9ABFE6FF3DD23D7" box="[245,406,450,475]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDF9ABFE6FF3DD23D7" box="[245,406,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">C. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below). On Con Dao Island during July of 2006, we observed several specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDF9C9FE45F370200D" box="[151,315,488,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDF9C9FE45F370200D" box="[151,315,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">C. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
abroad during the day on rocks in direct sunlight apparently basking. At night, however, this species was difficult to find and only observed deep within rock cracks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF733BFFFDFAB7FDA0F67B202B" box="[1001,1072,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,642,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[313,1273,642,1854]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Upper: Cnemaspis boulengeri from the Con Dao Islands. Lower: Cnemaspis boulengeri photographed in situ at night." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275623/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Like
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFDDBFDA0F70D202A" box="[1157,1350,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFDDBFDA0F709202A" box="[1157,1346,525,550]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">C. psychedelica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
lizards were most often seen together in pairs or trios both day and night (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF733BFFFDFAE4FD9FF6482040" box="[954,1027,562,588]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,642,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[313,1273,642,1854]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Upper: Cnemaspis boulengeri from the Con Dao Islands. Lower: Cnemaspis boulengeri photographed in situ at night." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275623/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Being that these two species are closely related (see below), we suspect this shared social behavior and penchant for basking has a phylogenetic component.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A733BFFFDF998FD0FF065263E" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDF998FD0FF33820B0" bold="true" box="[198,371,674,700]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
The unique color pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFBE1FD0FF19520B7" box="[703,990,674,699]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFBE1FD0FF19520B7" box="[703,990,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Cnemaspis psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly and unequivocally separates it from all other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDF899FD65F01820ED" box="[455,595,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Cnemapsis.</emphasis>
|
||
Yet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFBD2FD65F10020ED" box="[652,843,712,737]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFBD2FD65F10020ED" box="[652,843,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">C. psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bears a number of rare, morphological character states that support its close relationship with the other Vietnamese insular endemic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFDCAFD40F771210A" box="[1172,1338,749,774]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFDCAFD40F771210A" box="[1172,1338,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">C. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known from the Con Dao Islands off the east coast of the Ca Mau Peninsula,
|
||
<quantity id="2C63B88F733BFFFDFA9BFCBFF6552120" box="[965,1054,786,812]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="km" value="195.0">195 km</quantity>
|
||
east of Hon Khoai Island. These two species are the only species that have caudal tubercles restricted to single paravertebral rows and enlarged femoral and subtibial scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="73A009EF733BFFFDF8A7FCF0F009217B" box="[505,578,861,887]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[314,1272,343,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[314,1273,343,1599]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Femoral and tibial region of Cnemaspis psychedelica (upper, holotype UNS 0444) and C. boulengeri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). This relationship is also supported by mtDNA data (Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFC61FCF0F737217A" box="[1343,1404,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
in prep.). A myriad of other characters differentiate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFBBAFC2FF1EB2197" box="[740,928,898,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFBBAFC2FF1EB2197" box="[740,928,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">C. psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFD70FC2FF6FB2197" box="[1070,1200,898,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFD70FC2FF6FB2197" box="[1070,1200,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Cnemaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most notable is its large, maximum SVL (>
|
||
<quantity id="2C63B88F733BFFFDF8E9FC05F04521CE" box="[439,526,936,962]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="69.0">69 mm</quantity>
|
||
) which separates it from all other species except
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFD0DFC05F70D21CD" box="[1107,1350,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFD0DFC05F6ED21CD" box="[1107,1190,936,961]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limi">C. limi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFDEDFC05F70921CD" box="[1203,1346,936,961]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigridius">C. nigridius</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFCDFFC05F37421EA" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pemangilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFCDFFC05F37421EA" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">C. pemangilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and high number of paravertebral tubercles (>34) which distinguishes it from all other species except
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDF9B3FC5FF09A2607" box="[237,721,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDF9B3FC5FF3DC2607" box="[237,407,1010,1035]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">C. boulengeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDF8FAFC5FF0672607" box="[420,556,1010,1035]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumpoli">C. kumpoli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFB66FC5FF0872607" box="[568,716,1010,1035]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigridius">C. nigridius</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFA52FC5FF1A02607" box="[780,1003,1010,1035]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pemanggilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFA52FC5FF1A02607" box="[780,1003,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">C. pemanggilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B733BFFFDFD72FC5FF7642600" author="Grismer" box="[1068,1327,1010,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="56" refString="Grismer, L. L., Chan, K. O., Nurolhuda, N. & Sumontha, M. (2008 a) A new species of karst dwelling gecko (genus Cnemaspis Strauch 1887) from the border region of Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 1875, 51 - 68." type="journal article" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Grismer
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFDC9FC5FF6902607" box="[1175,1243,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2008a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:TABLE;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F0A689B733BFFFDF9C9FBB5F3EF263E" author="Grismer" box="[151,420,1048,1074]" pageId="9" pageNumber="57" refString="Grismer, L. L., Norhayai, A., Chan, K. O., Belabut, D., Muin, M. A., Wood, P. W. Jr. & Grismer, J. L. (2009) Two new diminutive species of Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 2019, 40 - 56." type="journal article" year="2009">Grismer & Chan, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<tableCitation id="A61920D1733BFFFDF8F9FBB5F056263E" box="[423,541,1048,1074]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,242,375,399]" captionText="TABLE 1. Descriptive measurements and scale counts of the type series of Cnemaspis psychedelica. See materials and methods for abbreviations." pageId="9" pageNumber="55">TABLE 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A38146E1733BFFFDF998FB90F3D62670" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB24156A733BFFFDF998FB90F3D62670" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDF998FB90F318265B" bold="true" box="[198,339,1085,1111]" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C9B6EE9733BFFFDFB0BFB90F0A6265A" box="[597,749,1085,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cnemaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="psychedelica">
|
||
<emphasis id="D9EFC978733BFFFDFB0BFB90F0A6265A" box="[597,749,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="55">psychedelica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in reference to the bright, incongruous coloration and pattern of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |