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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.54.10096" ID-GBIF-Dataset="080cb4e3-46dd-47df-bb40-484985a38f75" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127895697" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-54-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB5302FD34EFF8DFF94FFD22D1CFFEE" ID-ZBK="0A0BC5D66DB74D76893C77F27882995C" ID-Zenodo-Dep="322875" ID-ZooBank="0A0BC5D66DB74D76893C77F27882995C" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4AE50295-A5F5-4733-9A31-D9426AD831B5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1314-2607-54-57" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 54" ModsDocTitle="A new genus and species of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) parasitoid of Euxestaeluta Loew (Diptera, Otitidae) attacked Bt sweet corn in Argentina" checkinTime="1488279090112" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gallardo, Fabiana E., Reche, Vanina Anadina, Bertolaccini, Isabel, Brenda Zarate, &amp; Curis, Cecilia" docDate="2017" docId="FDA257638421789FCB09FAE72C54814E" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 54: 57-70" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 54" docPubDate="2017-02-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.54.10096" docTitle="Euxestophaga Gallardo 2017, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4AE50295-A5F5-4733-9A31-D9426AD831B5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="FFB5302FD34EFF8DFF94FFD22D1CFFEE" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFB5302FD34EFF8DFF94FFD22D1CFFEE" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) parasitoid of Euxesta eluta Loew (Diptera, Otitidae) attacked Bt sweet corn in Argentina" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="57" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1643484830943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new genus and species of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) parasitoid of Euxesta eluta Loew (Diptera, Otitidae) attacked Bt sweet corn in Argentina</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gallardo, Fabiana E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division Entomologia. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s / n, B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Argentina &amp; Researcher of the Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas de la provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gallardo@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Reche, Vanina Anadina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Catedra de Zoologia Agricola. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. R. P. Kreder 2805, 3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bertolaccini, Isabel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Catedra de Zoologia Agricola. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. R. P. Kreder 2805, 3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Brenda Zarate,</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division Entomologia. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s / n, B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Curis, Cecilia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Catedra de Zoologia Agricola. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. R. P. Kreder 2805, 3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2017-02-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>54</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>57</mods:start>
<mods:end>70</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.54.10096</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.54.10096</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-54-57</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0A0BC5D66DB74D76893C77F27882995C</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB5302FD34EFF8DFF94FFD22D1CFFEE</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">322875</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127895697" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4AE50295-A5F5-4733-9A31-D9426AD831B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FDA257638421789FCB09FAE72C54814E" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4AE50295-A5F5-4733-9A31-D9426AD831B5" authority="Gallardo" authorityName="Gallardo" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Cynipoidea" genus="Euxestophaga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxestophaga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">Euxestophaga Gallardo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="58">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 4. Holotype of Euxestophaga argentinensis Gallardo sp. n. Female. 1 Habitus (lateral view) 2 Head and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates posterior margin of gena distinct, but not carinata 3 Head (posterior view) and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates basal margin of forewing lacking hair fringe. Male 4 Antenna, arrow indicates posterior margin of scutellum bluntly rounded." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.54.10096.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124108" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Figures 1-4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
This new genus can be separated from other
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rank="tribe" tribe="Ganaspini">Ganaspini</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: occiput diagonally striate; female antenna clavate, club consisting of six flagellomeres; male antenna with F1 modified and longer than F2; dorsal surface of scutellum areolate-punctate, posterior border of disc bluntly rounded; lateral bars of scutellum striate; dorsal surface of scutellar plate with midpit placed close posterior margin of plate, with two or three punctures on each side, with a setae on either side; forewings hyaline, apical margin with hair fringe, marginal cell closed; base of syntergum with hairy ring present; and micropunctures present on posterior1/3 of the syntergum.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="985239" doi="10.3897/jhr.54.10096.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124108" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" start="Figures 1–4" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Figures 1-4.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName authority="Gallardo, 2017" authorityName="Gallardo" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Cynipoidea" genus="Euxestophaga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxestophaga argentinensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Euxestophaga argentinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gallardo sp. n. Female.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">1</emphasis>
Habitus (lateral view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">2</emphasis>
Head and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates posterior margin of gena distinct, but not carinata
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">3</emphasis>
Head (posterior view) and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates basal margin of forewing lacking hair fringe. Male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">4</emphasis>
Antenna, arrow indicates posterior margin of scutellum bluntly rounded.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName authority="Gallardo, 2017" authorityName="Gallardo" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Cynipoidea" genus="Euxestophaga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxestophaga argentinensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Euxestophaga argentinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gallardo, sp. n.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Body stout, shiny. Head massive, subcircular in anterior view, broader than mesosoma, nearly glabrous. Toruli not projecting. Ocellar tubercle not prominent. Ocellar hair patches absent. Compound eyes glabrous. Inner orbital furrows present. Posterior margin of gena distinct, but not carinate. Occiput diagonally striate. Malar spaces smooth, without conical protuberances. Malar sulci present. Female antenna with 13 segments, club consisting of six flagellomeres; male antennae 15 segments, filiform. Shape of dorsal margin of pronotal plate in anterior view broadly truncate, emarginate. Mesoscutum longer than wide, quite arcuate, without median mesoscutal carinae, with rows of punctures in position of notauli, parascutal impressions incomplete. Shape of posterior part of scutellum in dorsal view bluntly rounded. Lateral bars of scutellum striate. Scutellar foveae wider than long, deep and large. Dorsal surface of scutellum areolate-puntate. Scutellar plate suboval, posterior margin rounded, dorsal surface with midpit placed close posterior margin of plate, with punctures on each side, with a setae on either side. Anteroventral cavity of metapleuron subcircular, setose. Forewings of normal size, hyaline, apical margin with hair fringe, basal margin lacking hair fringe, with membrane pubescence mostly reduced hair bases, marginal cell closed, longer than broad. Metasoma sessile; base of syntergum with hairy ring present, remainder of metasoma glabrous. Micropunctures present on posterior 1/3 of the syntergum more or less visible.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
Neotropical region: Argentina. According to the biogeography scheme of
<bibRefCitation author="Morrone, JJ" journalOrPublisher="SEA [Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa]" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 148" refId="B7" refString="Morrone, JJ, 2001. Biogeografia de America Latina y el Caribe. M&amp;T-Manuales &amp; Tesis. SEA [Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa] 3: 1 - 148" title="Biogeografia de America Latina y el Caribe. M &amp; T-Manuales &amp; Tesis." volume="3" year="2001">Morrone (2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1" author="Morrone, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 110" refId="B8" refString="Morrone, JJ, 2014. Biogeographical regionalization of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 3782: 1 - 110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1" title="Biogeographical regionalization of the Neotropical region." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1" volume="3782" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
), this distribution belongs to the biogeographic provinces Chacoan and Pampean (Chacoan subregion).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
Specimens of this new genus and species were reared from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxesta eluta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eluta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Euxesta eluta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Poaceae" genus="Zea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zea mays" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mays">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Zea mays</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Bt</emphasis>
sweet corn).
<bibRefCitation author="Bertolaccini, I" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="123 - 126" refId="B2" refString="Bertolaccini, I, Bouzo, C, Larsen, N, Favaro, JC, 2010. Especies del genero Euxesta (Diptera: Ulidiidae = Otitidae) plagas de maices dulces Bt en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 69 (1-2): 123 - 126" title="Especies del genero Euxesta (Diptera: Ulidiidae = Otitidae) plagas de maices dulces Bt en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina." volume="69" year="2010">Bertolaccini et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
cited
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Dettmeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Dettmeria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Dettmeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Borgmeier (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" genus="Eucoilinae" lsidName="Eucoilinae" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rank="genus">Eucoilinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffington" authorityYear="2009" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rank="tribe" tribe="Zaeucoilini">Zaeucoilini</taxonomicName>
) parasitizing larvae of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxesta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Euxesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species on
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Bt</emphasis>
sweet corn in Argentina, but, on reviewing the material mentioned in this paper, we concluded that the specimens were misidentified as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Dettmeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Dettmeria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Dettmeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which belongs to the new genus and species here described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
In reference to genus of the host,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ulidiidae" genus="Euxesta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxesta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Euxesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="“phagein”">&quot;phagein&quot;</normalizedToken>
, to eat. Gender: feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="58" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
Within
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rank="tribe" tribe="Ganaspini">Ganaspini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authority="Gallardo, 2017" authorityName="Gallardo" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Cynipoidea" genus="Euxestophaga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxestophaga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Euxestophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar in morphology to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Epicoela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Epicoela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Epicoela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Borgmeier and
<taxonomicName authority="Schick, Forshage &amp; Nordlander, 2011" authorityName="Schick, Forshage &amp; Nordlander" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Striatovertex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Striatovertex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Striatovertex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schick, Forshage and Nordlander, all of them present occiput diagonally striate, dorsal margin of pronotal plate emarginated, forewing with erect setae on subcostal and membrane with pubescence reduced.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Epicoela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Epicoela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Epicoela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes two species known from Neotropical region, whereas
<taxonomicName authority="Schick, Forshage &amp; Nordlander, 2011" authorityName="Schick, Forshage &amp; Nordlander" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Striatovertex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Striatovertex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Striatovertex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a genus widespread in the New World, with 13 species in total; one species in Australia, and other introduced in Hawaii from North America (
<bibRefCitation author="Schick, KN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="59 - 65" refId="B10" refString="Schick, KN, Forshage, M, Nordlander, G, 2011. The &quot;false Eucoila&quot; finally named; Striatovertex a new genus of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae). Zootaxa 2811: 59 - 65" title="The &quot; false Eucoila &quot; finally named; Striatovertex a new genus of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae)." volume="2811" year="2011">Schick et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). With reference to their biology, host species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Epicoela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Epicoela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Epicoela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unknown, while representatives of
<taxonomicName authority="Schick, Forshage &amp; Nordlander, 2011" authorityName="Schick, Forshage &amp; Nordlander" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Striatovertex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Striatovertex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Striatovertex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
attack dipterous
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sarcophagidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sarcophagidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Muscidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Calliphoridae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">The three genera can be separated by the following characters:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<table inLine="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">
Female antenna with F5 or F6 to F11 moniliform, club consisting of 6 or 7 flagellomeres (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 5 - 6. Holotype of Epicoela seminigra Diaz Female. 5 Antenna 6 Scutellar plate (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.54.10096.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124109" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">5</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface of scutellar plate with a triangular concave area in anterior part (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 5–6" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 5 - 6. Holotype of Epicoela seminigra Diaz Female. 5 Antenna 6 Scutellar plate (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.54.10096.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124109" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">6</figureCitation>
). Lateral bars of scutellum smooth
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Epicoela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Epicoela" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Epicoela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Borgmeier
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">Female antenna with F4 or F6 to F11 moniliform, club consisting of 6 or 8 flagellomeres. Dorsal surface of scutellar plate with punctures on each side with setae either one. Lateral bars of scutellum striate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">
Female antenna with F4 to F11 moniliform, club consisting of 8 flagellomeres. Scutellar plate posteriorly arched in lateral view (See Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 4. Holotype of Euxestophaga argentinensis Gallardo sp. n. Female. 1 Habitus (lateral view) 2 Head and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates posterior margin of gena distinct, but not carinata 3 Head (posterior view) and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates basal margin of forewing lacking hair fringe. Male 4 Antenna, arrow indicates posterior margin of scutellum bluntly rounded." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.54.10096.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124108" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">1</figureCitation>
in
<bibRefCitation author="Schick, KN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="59 - 65" refId="B10" refString="Schick, KN, Forshage, M, Nordlander, G, 2011. The &quot;false Eucoila&quot; finally named; Striatovertex a new genus of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae). Zootaxa 2811: 59 - 65" title="The &quot; false Eucoila &quot; finally named; Striatovertex a new genus of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae)." volume="2811" year="2011">Schick et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Posterior margin of scutellum rounded (See figure 5 in
<bibRefCitation author="Schick, KN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="59 - 65" refId="B10" refString="Schick, KN, Forshage, M, Nordlander, G, 2011. The &quot;false Eucoila&quot; finally named; Striatovertex a new genus of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae). Zootaxa 2811: 59 - 65" title="The &quot; false Eucoila &quot; finally named; Striatovertex a new genus of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae)." volume="2811" year="2011">Schick et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Apical margin of forewing lacking hair fringe, membrane with pubescence mostly reduced to punctiform hair bases (See figure 7 in
<bibRefCitation author="Schick, KN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" pagination="59 - 65" refId="B10" refString="Schick, KN, Forshage, M, Nordlander, G, 2011. The &quot;false Eucoila&quot; finally named; Striatovertex a new genus of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae). Zootaxa 2811: 59 - 65" title="The &quot; false Eucoila &quot; finally named; Striatovertex a new genus of Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae)." volume="2811" year="2011">Schick et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName authority="Schick, Forshage &amp; Nordlander, 2011" authorityName="Schick, Forshage &amp; Nordlander" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Striatovertex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Striatovertex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Striatovertex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schick, Forshage &amp; Nordlander
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">
Female antenna with F6 to F11 moniliform, club consisting of 6 flagellomeres. Scutellar plate straight in lateral view (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 4. Holotype of Euxestophaga argentinensis Gallardo sp. n. Female. 1 Habitus (lateral view) 2 Head and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates posterior margin of gena distinct, but not carinata 3 Head (posterior view) and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates basal margin of forewing lacking hair fringe. Male 4 Antenna, arrow indicates posterior margin of scutellum bluntly rounded." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.54.10096.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124108" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">1</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of scutellum bluntly rounded (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 4. Holotype of Euxestophaga argentinensis Gallardo sp. n. Female. 1 Habitus (lateral view) 2 Head and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates posterior margin of gena distinct, but not carinata 3 Head (posterior view) and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates basal margin of forewing lacking hair fringe. Male 4 Antenna, arrow indicates posterior margin of scutellum bluntly rounded." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.54.10096.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124108" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">4</figureCitation>
, see arrow). Apical margin of forewing with hair fringe (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 4. Holotype of Euxestophaga argentinensis Gallardo sp. n. Female. 1 Habitus (lateral view) 2 Head and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates posterior margin of gena distinct, but not carinata 3 Head (posterior view) and mesosoma (dorsal view), arrow indicates basal margin of forewing lacking hair fringe. Male 4 Antenna, arrow indicates posterior margin of scutellum bluntly rounded." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.54.10096.figures1-4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124108" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">3</figureCitation>
, see arrow), membrane with pubescence mostly reduced hair bases
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName authority="Gallardo, 2017" authorityName="Gallardo" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Cynipoidea" genus="Euxestophaga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxestophaga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Euxestophaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gallardo, gen. n.
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="985241" doi="10.3897/jhr.54.10096.figures5-6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/124109" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" start="Figures 5–6" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Figures 5-6.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Epicoela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Metazoa" lsidName="Epicoela seminigra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminigra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">Epicoela seminigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
Female.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">5</emphasis>
Antenna
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="58">6</emphasis>
Scutellar plate (dorsal view).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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