treatments-xml/data/FB/38/C6/FB38C637FFF9FFFBFE9A2710D92EF9A2.xml
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<document id="1148CA842EAAE8B43485C1BC52A8BDAB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.156842" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec6153c3-7eb1-4ceb-9a60-34a24dce8a78" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="156842" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459600701353" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hall, Jack C. &amp; Evenhuis, Neal L." docDate="2003" docId="FB38C637FFF9FFFBFE9A2710D92EF9A2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00181.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 181" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geron parvidus Painter" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="0701BE4FFFD7FFD4FF92210BDA0EFF94" masterDocTitle="Review of the subgenus Geron (Geron) Meigen in the Nearctic Region (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Toxophorinae)" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698202713986" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="23104B5317D79D1C3B09AF42EB08EAED">Review of the subgenus Geron (Geron) Meigen in the Nearctic Region (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Toxophorinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9C94DAE9E4D31C68AF598E1904ADACCA">Hall, Jack C.</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="2866C04DFFF9FFFAFE9A2710D83CF9A1" bold="true" box="[264,562,1563,1589]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFF9FFFAFE9A2710D83CF9A1" ID-CoL="8C7TH" authority="Painter" authorityName="Painter" box="[264,562,1563,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvidus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF9FFFAFE9A2710D83CF9A1" bold="true" box="[264,562,1563,1589]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Geron parvidus Painter</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFF9FFFAFE9A276CD8B1F92A" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFF9FFFAFE9A276CD88DF9EA" ID-CoL="8C7TH" authority="Painter, 1932: 155" authorityName="Painter" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="1932" box="[264,643,1639,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvidus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF9FFFAFE9A276CDBBFF9EA" box="[264,433,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Geron parvidus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFF9FFFAFE2B276CD88DF9EA" author="Painter" box="[441,643,1639,1662]" page="155" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFF9FFFAFE2B276CD842F9EA" author="Painter" box="[441,588,1639,1662]" pageId="46" pageNumber="70" refString="Painter, R. H. (1932) A monographic study of the genus Geron as it occurs in the United states (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58, 139 - 167." type="journal article" year="1932">Painter, 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 155
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFF9FFFAFD1D276CD9CAF9EA" author="Painter" box="[655,964,1639,1662]" page="423" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFF9FFFAFD1D276CD983F9EA" author="Painter" box="[655,909,1639,1662]" pageId="46" pageNumber="70" refString="Painter, R. H. &amp; Painter, E. M. (1965) Family Bombyliidae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W, Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. &amp; Coulson, J. R .. (eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook, 276, pp. 406 - 46." type="journal article" year="1965">Painter &amp; Painter 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 423
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFF9FFFAFC42276CDE78F9EA" author="Tabet" box="[976,1142,1639,1662]" page="20" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFF9FFFAFC42276CDE42F9EA" author="Tabet" box="[976,1100,1639,1662]" pageId="46" pageNumber="71" refString="Tabet, A. B. (1974) A phenology study of the Bombyliidae of Deep Canyon. Unpublished Master's Degree thesis, University of California, Riverside, viii + 94 pp." type="book" year="1974">Tabet 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 20
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFF9FFFAFB10276CDB58F90A" author="Frommer" page="35" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFF9FFFAFB10276CDF29F9EA" author="Frommer" box="[1154,1319,1639,1662]" pageId="46" pageNumber="68" refString="Frommer, S. I. (1981) A hierarchic listing of the arthropods known to occur in the environs of the P. L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center. Philip Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center, University of California, Natural Land and Water Reserves System, xv + 124 pp." type="book" year="1981">Frommer 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 35
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFF9FFFAFEF2278CD834F90A" author="Evenhuis" box="[352,570,1671,1694]" page="484" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFF9FFFAFEF2278CD80AF90A" author="Evenhuis" box="[352,516,1671,1694]" pageId="46" pageNumber="67" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (1983) An indexed bibliography of Bombyliidae (Insecta, Diptera). Theses Zoologicae, 4, 1 - 493." type="journal article" year="1983">Evenhuis 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 484
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFF9FFFAFDD6278CD936F90A" author="Tabet" box="[580,824,1671,1694]" page="32" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFF9FFFAFDD6278CD901F90A" author="Tabet" box="[580,783,1671,1694]" pageId="46" pageNumber="71" refString="Tabet, A. B. &amp; J. C. Hall. (1984) The Bombyliidae of Deep Canyon. Part I. A phenology study of the Bombyliidae of Deep Canyon. Al-Fateh University Publications, Tripoli, Libya, 63 pp." type="book" year="1984">Tabet &amp; Hall 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 32
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFF9FFFAFCD0278CDE38F90A" author="Tabet" box="[834,1078,1671,1694]" page="68" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFF9FFFAFCD0278CDE03F90A" author="Tabet" box="[834,1037,1671,1694]" pageId="46" pageNumber="71" refString="Tabet, A. B. &amp; J. C. Hall. [1987] The Bombyliidae of Deep Canyon. Part II. &quot; 1984 &quot;. Al-Fateh University Publications, Tripoli, Libya. 176 pp. [The date on the cover is &quot; 1984 &quot; (the same as the publication date for Part I of this work). It was not received by Jack Hall until the summer of 1987 and his resulting correspondence with Tabet confirmed that this part was not issued until March 1987.]" type="book" year="1987">Tabet &amp; Hall 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 68
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFF9FFFAFBD2278CDB58F92A" author="Poole" page="71" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFF9FFFAFBD2278CDF24F90A" author="Poole" box="[1088,1322,1671,1694]" pageId="46" pageNumber="70" refString="Poole, R. W. &amp; Gentili, P. (editors) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A checklist of the insects of North America. Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp." type="book" year="1996">Poole &amp; Gentili 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 71
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFF9FFFAFEF227ACD8B5F92A" author="Evenhuis" box="[352,699,1703,1726]" page="46" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFF9FFFAFEF227ACD89CF92A" author="Evenhuis" box="[352,658,1703,1726]" pageId="46" pageNumber="68" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. &amp; Greathead, D. J. (1999) Catalog of the bee flies of the world (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, xlviii + 756 pp." type="book" year="1999">Evenhuis &amp; Greathead 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 46
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFF9FFFBFE9A27EDDE04FB62" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFF9FFFBFE9A27EDDF07FECA" blockId="46.[264,1324,1766,1873]" lastBlockId="47.[264,1324,284,1590]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF9FFFAFE9A27EDDB97F894" bold="true" box="[264,409,1766,1792]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF9FFFAFE3B27EDDBE6F894" bold="true" box="[425,488,1766,1792]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Male</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF9FFFAFE6A27ECD839F894" box="[504,567,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
. Front with silver white scales, hair wanting; face white pilose, bare medially, silvery white tomentum lateral to antennal base; antenna black; scape and pedicel with white hair; first flagellomere linear, tapering from base to acuminate apex; antennal ratio: 9:4:19; oral margin white; gena and upper half of occiput with white hair and scales; ocellar tubercle with long white hair and shorter (inconspicuous) black hair.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFF8FFFBFEAA2067DF2FFDB2" blockId="47.[264,1324,284,1590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFEAA2067DB82FE11" box="[312,396,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Thorax</emphasis>
. Mesonotum dull black, lateral margin, anterior to wing base cinereous; median longitudinal stripe cinereous, reaching transverse suture; notum with white pile, posterior half medially with shorter black hair, tomentum golden yellow, scales scattered; pleura and legs with white hair and scales, a few golden scales present on femora; halter with stems and knob white; scutellum with white hair and scattered golden yellow scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFF8FFFBFEAA233FD8F5FDE2" blockId="47.[264,1324,284,1590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFEAA233FDB7CFDD9" box="[312,370,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Wing</emphasis>
. Hyaline; venation normal; crossvein r­m at middle of cell dm; vein m­cu slightly sinuous; basicosta with white hair.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFF8FFFBFEAA238FDE74FD52" blockId="47.[264,1324,284,1590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFEAA238FDBA8FD09" box="[312,422,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Dorsum white pilose, golden yellow tomentose; lateral margin and venter white pilose and tomentose; sternites with posterior margins narrowly pale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFF8FFFBFEAA23DFDE2DFCF2" blockId="47.[264,1324,284,1590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFEAA23DFDBA8FD79" box="[312,422,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="EBAA6BA4FFF8FFFBFE2E23DFD816FD7A" box="[444,536,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 46 49" captionStartId="43.[264,382,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[325,1257,610,1549]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[321,1262,607,1553]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 46 49. Geron male genitalia. 46, G. niveus Painter; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, dorsal view, epiphallus removed. 47, G. notios Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, dorsal view. 48, G. painteri Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 49, G. parvidus Painter; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, dorsal view, epiphallus and phallic complex removed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156854/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
) with gonocoxa in ventral view with a single basal depression ridged on either side; in lateral view, gonocoxa, narrowly elongate, with a small rounded protuberance apically; gonostylus normal lateral ramus narrow, coextensive with gonostylus; dorsolateral ramus thickened, slightly curved, rounded apically.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFF8FFFBFEAA2278D80CFB32" blockId="47.[264,1324,284,1590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFEAA2278DB9DFC19" bold="true" box="[312,403,883,909]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Female</emphasis>
. As in male except as follows:
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFC97227FD94AFC19" box="[773,836,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Head</emphasis>
. Eyes half times width of and tomentum, white pedicel at vertex separated more than one and one­half width of ocellar tubercle; front with pale yellow hair tomentum laterally and above antenna; with short black hair; occiput with yellow scales on upper half.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFD6E22E7D95EFB91" box="[764,848,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Thorax</emphasis>
. Mesonotum with scattered golden yellow tomentum, scutellum and abdominal dorsum with yellow tomentum.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFBEC251FDEE3FBB9" box="[1150,1261,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Genitalia</emphasis>
with posterior projection of tergite VIII black; vaginal furca (
<figureCitation id="EBAA6BA4FFF8FFFBFC0C2537D9FAFBC2" box="[926,1012,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 18" captionStartId="7.[264,383,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[427,1170,314,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[417,1178,313,1569]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 13 18. Geron vaginal furcae. 13, G. monticola Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 14, G. nevadensis Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 15, G. nigripes Painter. 16, G. notios Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 17, G. painteri Hall Evenhuis, sp. nov. 18, G. parvidus Painter." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156845/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) with upper half narrowly V­shaped; lower half with both pieces widely separated, strut broad, flared apically with an inward projection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFF8FFFBFEAA25B8DE04FB62" blockId="47.[264,1324,284,1590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFEAA25B8DB70FB59" bold="true" box="[312,382,1203,1229]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFF8FFFBFEAA25B8DB70FB59" box="[312,382,1203,1229]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Types</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFF8FFFBFE0F25BFD804FB5A" box="[413,522,1204,1230]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male and allotype (Los Banos, Merced County, California,
<date id="072F51E1FFF8FFFBFE9A25D7DB9FFB62" box="[264,401,1244,1270]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1930-07-28">28.vii.1930</date>
, T.F. Winburn, R.H. Painter) in USNM (No.
<date id="072F51E1FFF8FFFBFC3225D7D9F3FB62" box="[928,1021,1244,1270]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="29-10-14">101429</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFF8FFFBFEAA2408DB61FA2A" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFF8FFFBFEAA2408DB61FA2A" blockId="47.[264,1324,284,1590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFEAA2408DBB2FA89" bold="true" box="[312,444,1283,1309]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Discussion</emphasis>
. This species is known from the
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFF8FFFBFCC1240FD988FA8A" box="[851,902,1284,1310]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
locality in northern California and numerous specimens from Deep Canyon in southern California. There are seven specimens in the USNM that are topotypic but are not labeled as
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFF8FFFBFC44245FDE44FAFA" box="[982,1098,1364,1390]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. The single female
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFF8FFFBFE9A2477DB63FA02" box="[264,365,1404,1430]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
from Cajon, California,
<date id="072F51E1FFF8FFFBFD032477D919FA02" box="[657,791,1404,1430]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1930-07-24">24.vii.1930</date>
(T.F. Winburn &amp; R.H. Painter) belongs to
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFF8FFFBFA9C2477DB66FA29" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFA9C2477DB66FA29" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">G. nigripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFF8FFFBFEAA24C0DE09F99A" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFF8FFFBFEAA24C0DE09F99A" blockId="47.[264,1324,284,1590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFEAA24C0DB9AFA71" bold="true" box="[312,404,1483,1509]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Biology</emphasis>
. Immature stages unknown. Adults in Deep Canyon have been collected at flowers of
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFE1524FFD919F999" box="[391,791,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFF8FFFBFE1524FFD8CEF999" authority="Hyptis" authorityName="Hyptis" box="[391,704,1524,1549]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Petalonyx" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thurberi">Petalonyx thurberi, Hyptis</taxonomicName>
emoryi
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFF8FFFBFCCA24FFDE0EF999" box="[856,1024,1524,1549]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bebbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFCCA24FFDE0EF999" box="[856,1024,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Bebbia juncea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFF8FFFBFEAA2710D92EF9A2" box="[312,800,1563,1590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFF8FFFBFEAA2710D92EF9A2" blockId="47.[264,1324,284,1590]" box="[312,800,1563,1590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFEAA2710DBDFF9A1" bold="true" box="[312,465,1563,1589]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFF8FFFBFE4D2710D888F9A1" bold="true" box="[479,646,1563,1589]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<collectingCountry id="0B8637B1FFF8FFFBFE4D2710D888F9A1" box="[479,646,1563,1589]" name="United States of America" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">United States</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(California).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>