treatments-xml/data/FB/38/C6/FB38C637FFCEFFCEFE9A235AD841FBBA.xml

<document id="981822101E7C197BC0A4AF9576C98446" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.156842" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec6153c3-7eb1-4ceb-9a60-34a24dce8a78" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="156842" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459600701353" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hall, Jack C. &amp; Evenhuis, Neal L." docDate="2003" docId="FB38C637FFCEFFCEFE9A235AD841FBBA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00181.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 181" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geron cressoni Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="0701BE4FFFD7FFD4FF92210BDA0EFF94" masterDocTitle="Review of the subgenus Geron (Geron) Meigen in the Nearctic Region (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Toxophorinae)" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698202713986" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4B5AC3B3596D929EB1C967DDD1ECFCEE">Review of the subgenus Geron (Geron) Meigen in the Nearctic Region (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Toxophorinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="69BE5CE1C2E53518C12EBDD29CAD5DFE">Hall, Jack C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B61B7CD945E040DC855793F799380593">Evenhuis, Neal L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F628125B51DA2815BE80FC89737683DA">2003</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFCEFFCDFE9A235AD909FDFF" box="[264,775,593,619]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCEFFCDFE9A235AD909FDFF" blockId="25.[264,775,593,619]" box="[264,775,593,619]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="2866C04DFFCEFFCDFE9A235AD909FDFF" bold="true" box="[264,775,593,619]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFE9A235AD909FDFF" bold="true" box="[264,775,593,619]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFCEFFCDFE9A235AD893FDFF" ID-CoL="8C7QP" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" box="[264,669,593,619]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cressoni" status="sp. nov.">Geron cressoni Hall &amp; Evenhuis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFCEFFCDFD3B235AD909FDFF" box="[681,775,593,619]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFCEFFCEFE9A239ADE07FD7A" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCEFFCDFE9A239ADB32FC0F" blockId="25.[264,1324,657,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFE9A239ADB49FD3F" bold="true" box="[264,327,657,683]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Male</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFECA2399DB99FD3F" box="[344,407,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Head</emphasis>
. Front with silvery white tomentum, hair wanting; antenna black; scape and pedicel with white hair; first flagellomere narrow, evenly tapering from base to acuminate apex; antennal ratio: 9:3:19; face cinereous pollinose, white pilose, bare medially, white tomentum lateral to antennal base; oral margin white; proboscis projects beyond oral margin for a distance about two times head height; gena with white hair and scales; occiput white pilose, white tomentum on lower half next to eye margin; ocellar tubercle with white hair.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCEFFCDFEAA22A1D94EFBF7" blockId="25.[264,1324,657,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFEAA22A1DB82FC57" box="[312,396,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Thorax</emphasis>
. Mesonotum subshining black (probably rubbed); median longitudinal stripe not evident; notum white pilose with shorter black hair medially on posterior half, a few scattered pale yellow, hair­like scales across posterior one­fourth; pleura white pilose and tomentose; legs black with white hair and scales; halter with stem and knob whitish yellow; scutellum white pilose, tomentum wanting.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCEFFCDFEAA2579D892FB27" blockId="25.[264,1324,657,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFEAA2579DB7CFB1F" box="[312,370,1138,1163]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Wing</emphasis>
hyaline; venation normal; crossvein r­m at middle of cell dm; vein m­cu slightly sinuous; basicosta with white hair.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCEFFCDFE9A25CAD93EFA97" blockId="25.[264,1324,657,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Abdomen. White pilose, dorsum with whitish yellow tomentum; side and venter white tomentose; tergites and sternites entirely black.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCEFFCDFEAA2419D9F9FA37" blockId="25.[264,1324,657,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFEAA2419DBA8FABF" box="[312,422,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="EBAA6BA4FFCEFFCDFE24241AD802FABF" box="[438,524,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 37" captionStartId="22.[264,383,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[333,1251,683,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[330,1261,677,1708]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 37. Geron male genitalia. 34, G. borealis Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 35, G. confusus Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 36, G. cressoni Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 37, G. elachys Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156851/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
) with gonocoxa in ventral view flat, without pits or ridges, in lateral view elongate­ovoid with a small projection near apex; gonostylus short, rounded apically; lateral ramus narrow, apically pointed, coextensive with gonostylus; dorsolateral ramus narrow, apically pointed, nearly equal in length to lateral ramus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCEFFCDFEAA24BADE13F89F" blockId="25.[264,1324,657,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFEAA24BADB9DFA5F" bold="true" box="[312,403,1457,1483]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Female</emphasis>
. As in male except for the following: 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFCC124B9D99CFA5F" box="[851,914,1458,1483]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Head</emphasis>
. Eyes at vertex separated by about one and one­half times width of ocellar tubercle; front with white hair and scales; occiput with white tomentum on upper half. 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFD562709D917F98F" box="[708,793,1538,1563]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Thorax</emphasis>
. Mesonotum velvety black, cinereous pollinose laterally; median longitudinal stripe reaches slightly beyond transverse suture; notum with yellow tomentum; legs with mid and hind tibiae and basitarsi ferruginous;; fore tarsi with palynophilic setae; scutellum with yellow tomentum. 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFC292771DE24F907" box="[955,1066,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Dorsum with yellow tomentum. 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFE1D27A9DBF0F92F" box="[399,510,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Genitalia</emphasis>
with posterior projection of tergite VIII black; upper half of vaginal furca (
<figureCitation id="EBAA6BA4FFCEFFCDFEC427C2DB93F977" box="[342,413,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="6.[264,383,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[401,1187,322,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[391,1204,313,1528]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Geron vaginal furcae. 7, G. cressoni Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 8, G. elachys Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 9, G. eriogonae Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 10, G. halli Evenhuis, sp. nov. 11, G. holosericeus Walker. 12, G. infrequens Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156844/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) narrowly V­shaped; lower half with strut narrow, curved, enlarged apically and with a small inward and slightly upward projecting appendage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCEFFCEFEAA2612D993FD0A" blockId="25.[264,1324,657,1883]" lastBlockId="26.[264,1327,283,1070]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFEAA2612DB70F8A7" bold="true" box="[312,382,1817,1843]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFCEFFCDFEAA2612DB70F8A7" box="[312,382,1817,1843]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Types</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. 
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFCEFFCDFE002612DBF1F8A7" box="[402,511,1817,1843]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male and allotype (Glade Park, Mesa County, 
<quantity id="B469DAC4FFCEFFCDFBAD2612DEAAF8A7" box="[1087,1188,1817,1843]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="ft" value="6.0">6,000 ft</quantity>
., Colorado, 
<date id="072F51E1FFCEFFCDFE9A264ADB77F8CF" box="[264,377,1857,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1959-06-06">6.vi.1959</date>
, E.M. &amp; R.H. Painter). 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFD0F2649D91AF8CF" box="[669,788,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFCEFFCDFD0F2649D91AF8CF" box="[669,788,1858,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCEFFCDFCB7264AD994F8CF" bold="true" box="[805,922,1857,1883]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Colorado</emphasis>
. Mesa County: 8, topotypic, collected with 
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFCDFFCEFE022017DBDCFEA2" box="[400,466,284,310]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">types</typeStatus>
; 16, Deerfield, 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFD172017D91DFEA2" box="[645,787,284,310]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1940-08-24">24.viii.1940</date>
(R.H. Painter). 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFC5F2010DE6FFEA1" bold="true" box="[973,1121,283,309]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Washington</emphasis>
. Benton County: 2, Rattlesnake Ridge, Hanford A.E.C. Res., 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFCA6204FD9CFFECA" box="[820,961,324,350]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1967-08-10">10.viii.1967</date>
(W.W. Cone). 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFB112048DF2DFEC9" bold="true" box="[1155,1315,323,349]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
New 
<collectingCountry id="0B8637B1FFCDFFCEFB5A2048DF2DFEC9" box="[1224,1315,323,349]" name="Mexico" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Catron County: 2, Datil, Cont. Divide, 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFD772067D965FE12" box="[741,875,364,390]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1932-07-17">17.vii.1932</date>
(R.H. Painter), 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFBBD2060DE9AFE11" bold="true" box="[1071,1172,363,389]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Arizona</emphasis>
. Santa Cruz County: 53, Madera Canyon, 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFDF1209FD8DCFE3A" box="[611,722,404,430]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1961-06-01">1.vi.1961</date>
(R.H. &amp; E.M. Painter). Cochise County: 12, Pinery Canyon, Chiricahua Mts., 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFDDB20B7D870FE42" box="[585,638,444,470]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">19.v.</date>
961 (R.H. &amp; E.M. Painter); 13, Cave Creek, Chiricahua Mts., 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFEDD20EFDBCCFE6A" box="[335,450,484,510]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1961-05-19">19.v.1961</date>
(R.H. &amp; E.M. Painter); 
<quantity id="B469DAC4FFCDFFCEFD7D20EFD956FE6A" box="[751,856,484,510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.83309184" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mi" value="6.11">6, 11 mi</quantity>
. NE Corrizo, 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFB9720EFDE76FE6A" box="[1029,1144,484,510]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1961-05-19">19.v.1961</date>
(R.H. &amp; E.M. Painter); 5, [no further data], 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFDCC2307D8DFFDB2" box="[606,721,524,550]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1961-05-20">20.v.1961</date>
(R.H. &amp; E.M. Painter); 7, Bear Canyon, Santa 
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFCDFFCEFB6B2307DB8EFDDA" authority="Mts." authorityName="Mts." class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Catalina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catalina Mts.</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFE1E233FDBF1FDDA" box="[396,511,564,590]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1961-05-13">13.v.1961</date>
(R.H. &amp; E.M. Painter); 1, Portal, 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFC19233FDE17FDDA" box="[907,1049,564,590]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1972-08-13">13.viii.1972</date>
(S.I. &amp; S.L. Frommer). 
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFCDFFCEFE9A2357DBA9FDE2" authority="County" authorityName="County" box="[264,423,604,630]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Pima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pima County</taxonomicName>
: 
<quantity id="B469DAC4FFCDFFCEFE202357D819FDE2" box="[434,535,604,630]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01168" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mi" value="1.25">1, 25 mi</quantity>
. SE Sells, 
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFD072357D91AFDE2" box="[661,788,604,630]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1932-08-01">1.viii.1932</date>
(R.H. Painter). 
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFCDFFCEFC402357DE31FDE2" box="[978,1087,604,630]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and allotype deposited in USNM. 
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFCDFFCEFE2F238FD821FD0A" box="[445,559,644,670]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
deposited in USNM and UCR.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCDFFCEFEAA23A0DE07FD7A" blockId="26.[264,1327,283,1070]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFEAA23A0DBA5FD51" bold="true" box="[312,427,683,709]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Variation</emphasis>
. The only variations noted have been those of the intensity of the yellow color of the tomentum and in the color of the mid and hind tibiae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFCDFFCEFEAA23F0D9C2FCF2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCDFFCEFEAA23F0D9C2FCF2" blockId="26.[264,1327,283,1070]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFEAA23F0DBB2FC81" bold="true" box="[312,444,763,789]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Discussion</emphasis>
. This species appears to be much like 
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFCDFFCEFC1A23F7D9F8FC81" box="[904,1014,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFC1A23F7D9F8FC81" box="[904,1014,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">G. stenos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFCDFFCEFB9423F7DE6CFC82" box="[1030,1122,764,790]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The two may be separated not only by the differences in the male and female genitalia but also by the much lighter yellow color of the tomentum in 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFD4C2247D964FCF1" box="[734,874,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFCDFFCEFD4C2247D96BFCF1" box="[734,869,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cressoni" status="sp. nov.">G. cressoni</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFCDFFCEFCE32247D9C2FCF2" box="[881,972,844,870]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFCDFFCEFEAA2278D9FDFC1A" box="[312,1011,883,910]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCDFFCEFEAA2278D9FDFC1A" blockId="26.[264,1327,283,1070]" box="[312,1011,883,910]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFEAA2278DB9AFC19" bold="true" box="[312,404,883,909]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Biology</emphasis>
. Immature stages and flower preferences unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFCDFFCEFEAA2290DECBFC22" box="[312,1221,923,950]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCDFFCEFEAA2290DECBFC22" blockId="26.[264,1327,283,1070]" box="[312,1221,923,950]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFEAA2290DBDFFC21" bold="true" box="[312,465,923,949]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFE4D2290D888FC21" bold="true" box="[479,646,923,949]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCountry id="0B8637B1FFCDFFCEFE4D2290D888FC21" box="[479,646,923,949]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">United States</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(Arizona, Colorado, New 
<collectingCountry id="0B8637B1FFCDFFCEFC2D2297DE12FC22" box="[959,1052,924,950]" name="Mexico" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, Washington).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFCDFFCEFEAA22C8D841FBBA" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFCDFFCEFEAA22C8D841FBBA" blockId="26.[264,1327,283,1070]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFEAA22C8DBB3FC49" bold="true" box="[312,445,963,989]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named for Ezra Townsend Cresson, Jr. (
<date id="072F51E1FFCDFFCEFC3822CFDE3FFC4A" box="[938,1073,964,990]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1876" valueMax="1948">1876–1948</date>
) in honor of his contributions to the knowledge of North American 
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFCDFFCEFCC422E7D9E0FB92" box="[854,1006,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bombyliidae</taxonomicName>
and early work on North American species of 
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFCDFFCEFE6D251FD847FBB9" box="[511,585,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFCDFFCEFE6D251FD847FBB9" box="[511,585,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>