128 lines
16 KiB
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128 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="FE02CED96E18DF1BC3C74F4BA4E0D845" ID-CLB-Dataset="26392" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.35556" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d128e9f8-454c-478d-8e95-c214a66fd63a" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-1-133" ID-ZooBank="9D1FC0772962481596BBCABA174E4B97" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="2305-2562-1-133" ModsDocOrigin="African Invertebrates 60 (1)" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the southern African genus Stuckenbergomyia Smith, 1971 (Diptera, Empidoidea) and proposal of a new subfamily" checkinTime="1561619014658" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sinclair, Bradley J." docDate="2019" docId="FB1ECCA365B41946EE3ECCE333646814" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvert 60(1): 133-145" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 60 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.35556" docTitle="Stuckenbergomyia Smith 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="DB2D0472161CFF8E663BD50CFFEC770E" masterDocTitle="Revision of the southern African genus Stuckenbergomyia Smith, 1971 (Diptera, Empidoidea) and proposal of a new subfamily" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1701378425071" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CBB0D9080959E585FAAA0C8DA26CDCF7">Revision of the southern African genus Stuckenbergomyia Smith, 1971 (Diptera, Empidoidea) and proposal of a new subfamily</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2906FBD12B15394411ACF9F7FCB27D12">Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C04A6A2756A74561D17477BCEA533004">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="209858979B4333389C7B0CFE9DDBC14E">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="9EDBD3808E40B42BBB0A6ECAFBD9C980">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.35556</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="A87607F950F018577A0021C76A6D1B6F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7A59A4599A107628DEEF8DDFE8ADEB2A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/afrinvertebr.60.35556</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FB1ECCA365B41946EE3ECCE333646814" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158407454" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB1ECCA365B41946EE3ECCE333646814" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB1ECCA365B41946EE3ECCE333646814" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<subSubSection id="97850D142F7C0F88224003E6D738E5DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="846C4B497050FCEE81A064387A225A8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="0229630FC09D0AB841DA0690BE31EF49" authority="Smith, 1971" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Empidoidea" genus="Stuckenbergomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stuckenbergomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stuckenbergomyia Smith, 1971</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BB6BB197321B0505D013254E87FC6235" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D3BC0A50B47AEA4D413890F0CBCE4123" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="C0B651F1483EBE0FAB86DFA8EDB47BE8" class="Insecta" family="Empidoidea" genus="Stuckenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stuckenbergia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stuckenbergia</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1969: 125 [preoccupied by
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<taxonomicName id="F86851D63823F44CFB7421E0DAE93FAE" class="Insecta" family="Empidoidea" genus="Stuckenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stuckenbergia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stuckenbergia</taxonomicName>
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Tchernychev, 1898: 24 (fossil
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<taxonomicName id="2C2DB62FA7159288E837F62FA0761A3B" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empidoidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Porifera" rank="phylum">Porifera</taxonomicName>
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)]. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="C43C86137EE69E5FFC796194BF51ACAB" class="Insecta" family="Empidoidea" genus="Stuckenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stuckenbergia tumbinensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumbinensis">Stuckenbergia tumbinensis</taxonomicName>
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Smith (original designation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5B5B536B227488416776766291243CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="987F1358D3AB4B7CF8E8E09A0B2B718B" class="Insecta" family="Empidoidea" genus="Stuckenbergomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stuckenbergomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stuckenbergomyia</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1971: 699. Replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="0DE3CEA989289DDB703FD1361AF4587C" class="Insecta" family="Empidoidea" genus="Stuckenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stuckenbergia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stuckenbergia</taxonomicName>
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Tchernychev. Other references:
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<bibRefCitation id="DDD3F1EC76BFC4C5C9CF1FE6C840B998" author="Sinclair, BJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 172" title="The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1180.1.1" volume="1180" year="2006">Sinclair and Cumming 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 77 (classification).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CB39A660AFC2B41587CF9833B666B37" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="64F1758505927A04DF46CBB0F0CFB40D" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A04BAB9ECF0275696105610C748439F" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">The genus (as in Figs 1, 10, 20) is characterised by an elongate postpedicel, stout antennal stylus, three complete wing veins from cell dm (discal medial) and a short spur vein, that extends from or near cell cua.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2A195596FDBAA07AC1CCF5721E67A744" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="AA8BF00D62C8091627949A787D4E0B20" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="53D131BEA0DDDDFEABBAF5DEA1A466FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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Head: Holoptic with enlarged facets on upper two-thirds or dichoptic (facets not enlarged); eyes bare (ommatrichia absent). Face nearly completely membranous, U-shaped to base of antennal sockets. Ocellar triangle elevated in holoptic species; pair of ocellar setae very short, indistinguishable from other setae on triangle. Antenna inserted at middle of eye height; scape and pedicel subequal in length; scape bare, pedicel with circlet of subapical setulae; postpedicel elongate, tapered, 2
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<normalizedToken id="26EE00F026DCB392B129154538CADBF6" originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length of scape and pedicel combined; two-articled stylus, with short, apical peg-like receptor. Proboscis (as in Fig. 19) projected forwards, about as long as head. Palpus straight, strap-like; bearing numerous setulae, held obliquely to proboscis, with narrow palpifer (Fig. 10); lacinia absent. Labrum slender, straight without pair of apical epipharyngeal blades. Hypopharynx straight, slender, subequal in length to labrum. Labellum well developed, with pseudotracheae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="45FEC579AF331C5A25EA8B6B8FDFD803" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Thorax: Moderately to strongly arched. Acrostichals biserial or 4-serial; dorsocentral setae uniserial and better developed posteriorly; numerous postpronotal and notopleural setae; 1 postalar seta; 2 or more pairs of marginal scutellar setae. Prosternum separate; laterotergite bare.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BEBAF5DC75BBCE41B3479C807DCA286D" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Legs: Lacking modified setae and processes; base of fore tibia with posteroventral gland (Fig. 12). Acropod with broad pulvillus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19C8F215AA291DA60F8F1B51B053C5FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Wing (Length 2.5-3.2 mm) (as in Fig. 11): Broad with often well-developed anal lobe; alula developed or undeveloped. Basal costal seta present; pterostigma narrow, at apex of cell sc (subcostal). Costa strongly reduced beyond R4+5 or M1; Sc incomplete, reduced at pterostigma; R4+5 unbranched terminating at wing apex; cell dm present; M1+2 branched, complete; M4 complete; short spur vein from apex of cells bm (basal medial), cua or between basal cells; CuA+CuP complete, fading towards wing margin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="35050BD044C44EB4BE4117BDA59AA871" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Abdomen: Sclerites well developed, bearing scattered slender setae; tergite 8 slender medially, strap-like, symmetrical. Segment 8 rotated nearly 45° to right.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20FA7F3B05F7428B0CCA56CD2447E8CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Male terminalia: Symmetrical, rotated 45° to right; held apically, upright or arched anteriorly over abdomen. Cercus thinly sclerotised, weakly pigmented, clothed in slender setae; hypoproct broad with fine setae on posterior margin. Epandrial lamellae narrowly joined; surstylus undifferentiated, subapical or broadly articulated. Hypandrium trough-shaped, without apical lobes; postgonite sickle-shaped, slender, closely associated with phallus; ventral apodeme broad, plate-like. Ejaculatory apodeme elongate, narrow. Phallus mostly membranous, with expanded apex.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="46E2963FC5A9636236B605D709210A9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="female">
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<paragraph id="6D4037CB85541B0934E0BA41EBEC37EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="43F334547DEB34D800AD2EEFF48BF163" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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Similar to male, dichoptic, eye facets not enlarged. Apex of abdomen somewhat truncate with segment 8 partially retracted into segment 7. Female terminalia (based on
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<taxonomicName id="60D1E06CA274CBF35446704D795EF315" lsidName="S. namibiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="namibiensis">S. namibiensis</taxonomicName>
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) (Figs 2, 6): Cercus flattened, quadrate and broad. Epiproct divided into pair of narrow, widely separated sclerites. Hypoproct broad, quadrate. Spermathecal receptacle small, spherical, darkly sclerotised; duct consisting of sclerotised rings, extending 2-3 abdominal segments (Figs 2, 7).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="BB26EC443E1D091B043F1EFCD03F70D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph id="5C0FC5E33598FFAF60F5BBF52A85C0FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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Figures 1, 2.
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<taxonomicName id="24C912E4D7515E7598FB0F9DE8DFBFFA" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stuckenbergomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stuckenbergomyia namibiensis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiensis">Stuckenbergomyia namibiensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. 1 Holotype habitus, lateral view 2 Female abdomen and spermatheca, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (1); 0.5 mm (2).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E837A92B824C362FE8A5CA0A93DAAE13" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="11F6FC629C0359617F3A6F793BC9C2CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7AA4FE173FFC66DB4CAF34A8BEFA3762" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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Described species of
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<taxonomicName id="3DB5919F621A78567E6D76CC2448D6D2" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stuckenbergomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stuckenbergomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stuckenbergomyia</taxonomicName>
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are recorded from Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa. An undescribed female (in Natural History Museum, London), representing an additional species, is recorded from Zimbabwe (Fig. 22) (Umtali [now Mutare], Vumba,
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<geoCoordinate id="54566B4A25F9553485272DECB0A8193C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-19.083334">19°05'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A14092D515835492AB4FA59FC7FFD4DB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="32.75">32°45'E</geoCoordinate>
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), but the specimen is said to be in poor condition (
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<bibRefCitation id="50C52D60A9F30F3A3EBF2A6F0CCE79FD" author="Smith, KGV" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Natal Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 342" title="The Empididae of southern Africa (Diptera)." volume="19" year="1969">Smith 1969</bibRefCitation>
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) and was not examined in the present study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4A1CFD12F78662FEB4E5D55F2E213FD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="D98F7032DB5C0D515BFB8D1020CF8419" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AAB24BE3F60C95CF67EC0446B354DE6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="0E04DE6CE4A0901E2745B3DA0A2C41E1" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stuckenbergomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stuckenbergomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stuckenbergomyia</taxonomicName>
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can be identified by using the key to genera in
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<bibRefCitation id="C4C850A9EBA113AD71AFC1D52CAEE119" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Sinclair and Cumming (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B907A5D845CD18D7BED1F08B7A99C79B" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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Specimens have only been collected by Malaise traps, yellow pans and light traps and there are no direct observations on habits. Adult mouthpart morphology (i.e. angle of proboscis; absence of epipharyngeal blades) and the observation of pollen grains in the dissected male and female abdomens of
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<taxonomicName id="A471D61D1D871D0F879F49E0A08C5CC8" lsidName="S. namibiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="namibiensis">S. namibiensis</taxonomicName>
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, provides evidence that
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<taxonomicName id="E78DDD504CB43AE80931E43A45A64C24" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Stuckenbergomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stuckenbergomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stuckenbergomyia</taxonomicName>
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visits flowers and feeds on pollen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |