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<document id="2E80B1FFD0104A807FDB8FB79DDFFB08" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6753c178-d210-4076-bb3a-1fd1739f3120" ModsDocID="z00492p001" checkinTime="1246980737011" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Hugo Ricardo Secioso Santos, Ulisses Leite Gomes &amp; Patricia Charvet-Almeida" docDate="2004" docId="F905AC0B7E53EEAC00364ADF46BE9E80" docLanguage="en" docName="2004_Santos_Gomes_Charvet-Almeida_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 492" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:014FFEF7-4937-401D-8C46-5E4104444056" docTitle="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida, 2004, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF39C636908255ACAE3DF3D342C2C8DF" masterDocTitle="A new species of whiptail stingray of the genus Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae)." masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1701325006826" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="69D8044E44123B1899F9AB747898B161" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="858B4249C041309A7C25239960274D01">
<mods:title id="A47C668D9ACD22BC234B848CF1817990">A new species of whiptail stingray of the genus Dasyatis Rafinesque, 1810 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae).</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B3583BB46EB4A1D0B5EF921D549A75FB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="48DE235A731384C5CA0B27B68A758644">
<mods:roleTerm id="B5A24B928D17753452D0876CF914589D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C816BEA27D8D734C1409367C6458FB50">Hugo Ricardo Secioso Santos</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EDB2A7FCE9500CBFA13F28C1853F7626" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C682C0D4E21B8B06DEE0C8257B1CF74C">
<mods:roleTerm id="F47515CE0381CE93B412582164ABC8ED">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EC3B3E962E08E5D11BEA50C98927F1FE">Ulisses Leite Gomes</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D18AAF6168AEB00D0D3390019BC179F3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F50B03B6775E0592C000AACFCE19C457">
<mods:roleTerm id="5E5D00EF4305EFB0B0A93BE6989F5E86">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E8E3964F466674676000C7E859FAE6FE">Patricia Charvet-Almeida</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="DE434FB2D0CF5AE438D4B2F530D96AFF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A5DD871B164A172D330ECE7BBDCEB47B" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="149620B3B300BC82C4FC3977CD1A878C">
<mods:title id="24BAC3FE7DD26F6073A3A8804286BBE9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="61DC544E446D513ADB1CAE5703AD7415">
<mods:date id="20EBE1C651544941585B48D9075D7144">2004</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B0ED6B6C6AA95ED095EEC98A22E7A82D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0D15921F4EB893631D842C13A890C848">492</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="3D1FCB6F917E4B24B84810726C735C24" unit="page">
<mods:start id="7D27BAB324B15C78D879D9A84F8386E7">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7A7415CFC214D0147EAEE535028B281B">12</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location id="6EE1E28BE60934840DBA6AA84D485C4F">
<mods:url id="A8D2E87406B42933482F5606C80CE63E">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:014FFEF7-4937-401D-8C46-5E4104444056</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="19F5EA9A3A1E6E5642CD5AE2A0810985">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DB359BB88C33584E6F89915EB470C506" type="Plazi-Custom">z00492p001</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3096467FDB7DFE5D04DC297507B32896" type="ZooBank">014FFEF7-4937-401D-8C46-5E4104444056</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F905AC0B7E53EEAC00364ADF46BE9E80" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6271371" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122733" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6271371" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F905AC0B7E53EEAC00364ADF46BE9E80" lastPageNumber="10" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="65B8DA8CDC78C84DBE40D4AE0514829F" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2A323AFAC5917081C226B53B74321A6B" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="F328690FB6A1C576E713B060B4441271" ID-CoL="6CBT4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">Dasyatis colarensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8699C6A70A13959FFBDCA081BA562722" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDA4642A6810E36454A064D0AB11B200" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D3115EB2EE2B10041BA27009C0B1173" pageNumber="4">(Figures 1-6, Tables I and II)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4A6EDB78006EC99D690BBD7788A90060" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D81DFDDFE1C43C963E902EE78799326A" pageNumber="4">
<materialsCitation id="FBDACD30E19F1717EB9AB5B633BDC826" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480727" country="Brazil" stateProvince="District of Colares, Para State">
<typeStatus id="A12601B660D472152B63A8DB5ABDEF49">Holotype</typeStatus>
-
<collectionCode id="0F34E178EEFB425EEF80AFA1043B1426" collectionName="Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Cristovao, Universidade do Rio Janeiro, Museu Nacional">MNRJ</collectionCode>
25179, mature male, 2070 mm TL, 630 mm DW,
<normalizedToken id="69BE89E999BF800019519C658DDDC9EC" originalValue="Marajó">Marajo</normalizedToken>
Bay, close to Colares Island,
<collectingRegion id="EB1DCD4FF9725DE114A9F43E2005B6B6">
district of Colares,
<normalizedToken id="69830B453BBB6F51A1AB16EF4C6B7CA1" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
State
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="556DB1427CF006DB1971D65787787BAB">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="870C8F2E426A4784667F15D9702480FD" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-0.9108333">00° 54’ 39’’ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="09CE4876A129050D04EF443E0F89F80E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-48.289165">48° 17’21’’ W</geoCoordinate>
, approximately 6 meters deep, water temperature 28.6°C, salinity 4 ppt, collector, P. Charvet-Almeida, 05/ XII/ 2001.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E20ADAB0B609B5195DD2568F55D7C0C" pageNumber="4">
<materialsCitation id="F4D8C1126F7B55379D8C17821D5BE38E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480728" country="Brazil" stateProvince="District of Colares, Para State">
<typeStatus id="C9866767178EF7BE7F3429ABC11A4243">Paratypes</typeStatus>
-
<collectionCode id="534593BF7FE889DDD90D97E2E7F89A49" collectionName="UERJ">UERJ</collectionCode>
2006, subadult male, 1810 mm TL, 530 mm DW,
<normalizedToken id="AD6928F1267DA02C21F90008F5C27685" originalValue="Marajó">Marajo</normalizedToken>
Bay, close to Colares Islands,
<collectingRegion id="E769AC1E84876CE8C070C9BB1E084337">
district of Colares,
<normalizedToken id="78CA1D13A1FD76C54823C63CF0EF4604" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
State
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E05C918C7F307BB3970A8294AA7D87FC">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, collector P. CharvetAlmeida, 05/ XI/ 2003
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0613AB8DE7435FA6D7DC3B43B36CF9C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480726" country="Brazil" stateProvince="District of Colares, Para State">
<collectionCode id="A8870738BDD9AC0C2D54C9BDE4658C78" collectionName="MCP">MCP</collectionCode>
34811, juvenile male, 1260 mm TL, 330 mm DW, same locality and collector as the other paratype, 04 / XI / 2003
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="808DC33306ECF636161F34018A77219F" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9AF818885C8FFA87A53D9BADCBAA66B9" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C3EE8442C93E59A2191293131AF4EE5" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="0C45596C2E516F475583B3C8B130277F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">Dasyatis colarensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="873BE5AB8620F9AF76B0A3243C99DFFC" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinguished by the combination of the following characters: a diamond-shaped (rhomboid) disc and an elongate snout (preorbital distance ranging from 35.7 to 37.7 % in DW); presence of a dark and well defined band outlining the lower lips; row of small tubercles along midline of disc from shoulder region to base of tail, tubercles somewhat randomly distributed; posterior margins of pectoral fins uniformly rounded; triangular-shaped pelvic fins with posterior margin almost straight or slightly sinuous, pelvic fin tips exceeding posterior margins of disc; dorsal caudal keel absent in the holotype, but vestigial in both paratypes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7607DE09C5C0DEC23124AD0299EB03E2" type="description">
<paragraph id="6B87E2AB1ADA6BFA2DE2704195267586" pageNumber="4">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph id="33A6F2765890814991C33260DC427E6E" pageNumber="4">Proportional dimensions as percentages of DW and meristic data are given respectively in tables I and II.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A146F7ADC921083D31AA447811C20A6D" pageNumber="4">Snout long (preorbital length 35.7 to 37.7 % of DW) and acutely pointed. Maximum anterior angle in front of spiracles (snout angle) about 95° to 100°. Anterior margins of disc slightly concave with posterior margins convex. Disc width about equal to disc length (from 100.7 to 103.3 %). Eyes small, horizontal eye diameter 18.9 to 24.2 % in interorbital width. Spiracles well developed (horizontal eye diameter 35.5 to 47.0% of spiracle length). Posterior margins of pectoral fins perfectly rounded.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7F9F684F4A7B852790CD4A6E2D5227A" lastPageNumber="5" pageNumber="4">Corners of nasal curtain rounded; nasal curtain with fringed posterior margin and with a median hiatus. Mouth arched, with a straight and dark band outlining the lower lips. Median portion of lower jaw (symphysial region) slightly concave. Teeth in a pavement pattern; cusps pointed and curved backwards in the holotype. Subadult specimen with teeth near symphysis almost pointed. Dental formulae: 43-45/45-60. Three to four papillae in transverse series on mouth floor. In the holotype, the central papilla is curved forward, the two lateral ones show a singular bifurcated tip (paratypes have no bifurcated papillae). Gill slit apertures sinuous.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E9642A6C9E2DD813FC730EB2E10FC2B" pageNumber="7">Pelvic fins triangular, with posterior margin almost straight or slightly sinuous. Tip of pelvic fin sharp, exceeding the limits of the posterior margin of disc. Well developed claspers in the holotype (with residual traces of sperm at the moment of capture). Medial margin of clasper groove slightly serrated at the glans. Tail (which seems complete) more than twice disc width (209.6 to 296.3%). Dorsal caudal keel absent in holotype but present in both paratypes as a low vestigial keel. Ventral finfold not high, its maximum height less than one third of caudal diameter at sting level (from 22.2 to 28.5%).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C79D60AAD61A15FC0C54C07D87B932F4" pageNumber="9">Central upper surface of disc covered with small, widespread, and flattened tubercles in a band along midline from level of orbits to base of tail. Tubercles also on rostral, preorbital and interorbital regions. Margin of disc naked. Dorsal thorn counts: 6 to 9 nuchals, 1 to 2 scapulars, 2 to 3 suprascapulars on the left side and 1 to 3 on the right, 12 to 17 median dorsals, and 6 to 9 median caudals. Ventral finfold, pelvic fins, claspers and ventral surface of the disc smooth. Sting missing in holotype (probably removed, original groove present). Counts of lateral sting barbs: 42 (left) and 48 (right) in juvenile paratype, 69 (left) and 70 (right) in subadult specimen.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C6D788679153C1F7F483894A8A50013" pageNumber="9">Coloration in life very similar to that in preservative. Dorsal surface of the disc light brown; ventral surface whitish-gray with margins of pectoral fins and posterior margins of pelvic fins darker. Anterior margin of pelvic fin whitish to yellowish. Claspers and caudal ventral finfold dark brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="18527DEB4223F19BE52ED19E94AF862A" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="006A739EE33780C92BAC81F485BD859D" pageNumber="9">Etymology</paragraph>
<paragraph id="65546EC1671E0941B70882FBE8600E91" pageNumber="9">
The specific name was selected for the geographic location of holotype, from the proximities of Colares Island, district of Colares (
<normalizedToken id="9BBA3F0D97C12C96D4F7A5BCF6FC05B0" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
State, Brazil).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E8B1E109C181B04CC9C53BEEC0969094" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5EE91F2940A4CA08B4D09A76A822BEED" pageNumber="9">Discussion</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A9AC06EB85D70AE9C9557A5BA9760559" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E2C016E67EC41F1D9897BD2DF0C85EF3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">Dasyatis colarensis</taxonomicName>
resembles the diamond shaped, long snouted
<taxonomicName id="D00D4AC68FBBD6A56A5059E191BD2A90" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2360C094-A0AC-48DE-A5F5-D277750FE7A1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis Rafinesque 1810:16" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dasyatis</taxonomicName>
species group of Compagno and Roberts (1982, 1984), Nishida and Nakaya (1990) and Rosenberger(2001). According to Rosenberger (2001), in the western Atlantic this species group is represented by
<taxonomicName id="26216A468B712C53E081771C6B1818B3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9BFB650A-97A8-40E6-BBEC-F80A830FDF38" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis geijskesi Boeseman 1948:38" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geijskesi">Dasyatis geijskesi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AC82401755CF3FF36390F7FF83F3BF38" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">D. guttata</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="60DB9DBE1EDE78B413B500546F8BA7AF" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabina">D. sabina</taxonomicName>
, which have preorbital snout lengths exceeding 25% of DW. The other western Atlantic species of
<taxonomicName id="F5F6516562BA44B73CCB354384ABED6D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2360C094-A0AC-48DE-A5F5-D277750FE7A1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis Rafinesque 1810:16" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dasyatis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4B8B72A21BA22ADF8961BF68F59FC04E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C1E79912-01EA-49F8-80AF-57CDBED430D8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis americana Hildebrand &amp; Schroeder 1928:64" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">D. americana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BBEBAB2CD31C23CE722E536E15BE6131" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centroura">D. centroura</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5C71608F7F2A6F16A6D5C61359916D1F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A530F01D-E290-4AD3-B125-D71E1D593CD6" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis marianae Gomes, Rosa &amp; Gadig 2000:510" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marianae">D. marianae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8DD5E3C55891599E6CF6F0A4DE7F8C33" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="say">D. say</taxonomicName>
either have or lack diamond shaped discs but all have snouts that are less than 25% of disc width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="794A0BD3173AAA4132A0EAEA871AD926" pageNumber="9">
The shape of the disc, which is laterally rounded, promptly differentiates
<taxonomicName id="5774E04F41A2A998D109DF91F8F9969E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabina">D. sabina</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="9E2F38DC7C61F9FF3CA7FFFE09270726" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
, which has angular pectoral fin edges. In
<taxonomicName id="722E769E06C4B4C99F925C9764297CDF" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabina">D. sabina</taxonomicName>
the horizontal eye diameter is more developed (53% to 88% of spiracle length), whereas in
<taxonomicName id="F969BC9CD17881AC1B41A68A7E93F5E8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
this proportion is 35.5 to 47.0 %. In
<taxonomicName id="6B664C1EDC509D5EAE9A1FF61B37DA72" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabina">D. sabina</taxonomicName>
the upper surface of tail has a definite and high finfold, and the ventral finfold is larger than the caudal height. In
<taxonomicName id="FC4FE9F7C819046BFD503F9CF3E3B18C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
the dorsal finfold is absent (holotype) or vestigial (paratypes) and the height of the ventral finfold does not reach one-half of tail. The snout of
<taxonomicName id="FFDC71C5C9803735F5A0CCF451B2E1A7" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabina">D. sabina</taxonomicName>
is shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="E11CFC2A6A194C32915979C0A1FAD1CA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
; horizontal eye diameter is 5.6 to 6.9% of preoral length in
<taxonomicName id="CC023CF4C466455E2F3A3E0C54C40074" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
, and the preoral length is 34.8 to 36.7 % of DW. In
<taxonomicName id="25D0FE392804DDD441A4FBA991DCE542" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sabina">D. sabina</taxonomicName>
these percentages are, respectively, 14% to 22% and 27. 7 % to 26.4%.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3156DD6A52E444AD4FA42E149176B238" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="7C01AF56AC967A07854DABD9A56249C7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="F0C0302630AD43415065BE673FDFFE87" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">D. guttata</taxonomicName>
in possessing a rough patch of small tubercles at the midline dorsal area and on the elongated snout. The dorsal patch of tubercles of the disc in mature
<taxonomicName id="ADBDE44AF535EB73C669155284F4F1A2" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">D. guttata</taxonomicName>
forms a more or less defined band, while in
<taxonomicName id="F9EA4F587A39450ED0E25A13336724F5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
the dorsal tubercles present a random arrangement. The snout of
<taxonomicName id="F75FE5E32F68A1BA5D146936F24595E3" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">D. guttata</taxonomicName>
is shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="EF965F45DCC0B5650BF975FE4FFBF5DF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
. The horizontal eye diameter is 10% to 39% in preoral length in
<taxonomicName id="566B4C5ADB5799821F969D79000CD5A9" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">D. guttata</taxonomicName>
whereas in
<taxonomicName id="E0FF18354B366582A29FAE12244C5838" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
it is 5.6 to 6.9 %. In addition, the preoral length is 21.5 to 25.5% of DW in
<taxonomicName id="4D66D7C0B342117D07752889AEC0C269" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">D. guttata</taxonomicName>
, and 34.9% to 36.7% in
<taxonomicName id="B82E8D5CB8439812BB74BF6A29047C4E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
. The posterior margins of pectoral fins are perfectly rounded in
<taxonomicName id="9CB5C567D7F88C786B94D9F46E4F593E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
and angular in
<taxonomicName id="DD57B0C3553F99C2F762DF7525033B96" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">D. guttata</taxonomicName>
. The posterior margins of the pelvic fins are rounded in
<taxonomicName id="70702249C256A05F4F4A501804D9692C" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guttata">D. guttata</taxonomicName>
and pointed in
<taxonomicName id="8F2F1433D62966C3BB35F02836982578" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83419A7879BE124D467D8AC95A6A6670" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="704C671F3AA6DD594E34112201BCB917" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9BFB650A-97A8-40E6-BBEC-F80A830FDF38" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis geijskesi Boeseman 1948:38" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geijskesi">Dasyatis geijskesi</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="B63F45838F92BF906EBD1AFDA9B7AAC5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
in possessing a very long preorbital snout length (40 to 50% of DW vs. 35.7 to 37.7% in
<taxonomicName id="C978318D9BF4FD614DBC0DD9834C4C1B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. coloarensis</taxonomicName>
), very long prenasal snout length (37 to 45% of DW vs. 29.5 to 32.7%), very broad pelvic fins (38 to 42.9% of DW vs. 19.6 to 23.3%), and narrow pelvic fin base length (79.3 to 91.1% of internasal length vs. 119.2 to 124.2%).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9DC0EFE25FAFD3B7FD5B6F7495D2A2B2" pageNumber="10">
With respect to
<taxonomicName id="01124C017FE9B4DEF5DD28C3093F1E7C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2360C094-A0AC-48DE-A5F5-D277750FE7A1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis Rafinesque 1810:16" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dasyatis</taxonomicName>
from other regions,
<taxonomicName id="833F615F15E4CB9CE289BE65A4EA67D4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="C762946730EFB983BEEDC381CFE81B4B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zugei">
D. zugei (
<normalizedToken id="5C2A2081F86FC56D016C0C24A0004822" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Henle, 1841)
</taxonomicName>
from China, Pakistan, Indonesia and the Sea of Japan,
<taxonomicName id="77F65FFD9AF6EF39D0286406C429C67D" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="navarrae">D. navarrae (Steindachner, 1892)</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="35C532F877749DB37D3CCECF57A5BA41" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">
D. bennetti (
<normalizedToken id="2FFD2A3A2D76DBB0C74996C6EAADD7B4" originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
&amp; Henle, 1841)
</taxonomicName>
from southeast Asia, and
<taxonomicName id="96005B01817C59639B5BAEF94DB13EC3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB2A922E-BD84-4B48-B989-F6E15D1BF7DA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis acutirostra Nishida &amp; Nakaya 1988:115" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostra">D. acutirostra (Nishida and Nakaya, 1988)</taxonomicName>
from the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea, in having an elongated snout which reaches more than 25% of disc length (Chen, 1948; Chu &amp; Wen, 1982; Monkolprasit, 1984; Nishida &amp; Nakaya, 1990).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="199E00C04265A6E255212DDBEC290209" pageNumber="10">
The pale-edged stingray
<taxonomicName id="515151D69CEA5CE1BA73E550C400AE7B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zugei">D. zugei</taxonomicName>
and the blackish stingray
<taxonomicName id="6C542C3B8A3128A02F355D33468E68D8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="navarrae">D. navarrae</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="558E7F164676F00EDE89B54AB02A75C0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
by presenting a well developed upper finfold in the former, and vestigial or absent finfold in the latter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2499655FCBD831DD65533B6A3484188" pageNumber="10">
The frilltail stingray
<taxonomicName id="E9C9AD2D14A88F51521E84CE143B3CBA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bennetti">D. bennetti</taxonomicName>
lacks a patch of tubercles on the back of the disc (present in
<taxonomicName id="62AC6C98CF56CA78B237F174D2752253" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
), its ventral finfold length is 60% to 67% of DW (37.3 to 51.5% in
<taxonomicName id="E3273AC1205589A1DC4510DE3C727CAB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
), its preoral length ranges from 25.7% to 27.4% of DW (34.8 to 36.7% in
<taxonomicName id="A1108060EFB139420212BACEEB227E16" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
), its pelvic radials range from 21 to 24 (26 in
<taxonomicName id="4EBE491932116B8F0BBE3F4261F7823A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
), and it has 119 pre-sting vertebral centra (127 in
<taxonomicName id="71C2E3BE83E6720D2237289B1080CD15" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="106B678C34B2B75017100D3132985CBC" pageNumber="10">
The smalltooth stingray
<taxonomicName id="13254363EF644DF3A6A9355C5C26E2C9" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rudis">D. rudis</taxonomicName>
possesses the entire dorsal surface of disc rough with minute and dense asperities and no middorsal row of spines (
<taxonomicName id="F6AC3BE56CC369C6D1A41AFABD7E3A80" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
presents small tubercles only at disc centre and a middorsal row of spines).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AC0C7D90DCF1B823CABB075C6D44F0A8" pageNumber="10">
The sharpnose stingray
<taxonomicName id="C37EA7CFF502CC8C35DD54B144EFB215" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB2A922E-BD84-4B48-B989-F6E15D1BF7DA" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis acutirostra Nishida &amp; Nakaya 1988:115" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostra">D. acutirostra</taxonomicName>
presents a ventral finfold length ranging from 15.0% to 22.9% of DW (37.3 to 51.5% in
<taxonomicName id="3F13F5F9CDA21667B5A817DF1CDDB5EE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
), a preoral length ranging from 37.9% to 44.2% of DW (34.8 to 36.7% in
<taxonomicName id="AA35EB44FFD814FE043437D674FE7899" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
), lacks a dorsal patch of tubercles and suprascapular thorns (both present in
<taxonomicName id="52FA26B1ACD5BEAF142E374DD7085C6A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
), and lacks oral papillae (three to four well developed papillae in
<taxonomicName id="C25343ED5DD75046F75036007F4F04FE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C633B59E-A366-45DC-A02C-3DF56D2AD36E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" genus="Dasyatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Dasyatis colarensis Santos, Gomes &amp; Charvet-Almeida 2004:4" order="Myliobatiformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colarensis">D. colarensis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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