460 lines
53 KiB
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460 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.056.0108" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7661835" approvalRequired="8" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="8" checkinTime="1676998600449" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mason, F. & Rozkošný, R." docDate="2015" docId="F86F6966D80FFFEF28D0D9C6FC1FFB89" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.56.1.75-98.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 56 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0108" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.2:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Isomerocera Enderlein 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="0456111ED80DFFE92975DD4EFF99FFE4" masterDocTitle="Morphology, taxonomy, distribution and relationships of the Afrotropical genus Isomerocera (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)" masterLastPageNumber="75" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1676999135533" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>Morphology, taxonomy, distribution and relationships of the Afrotropical genus Isomerocera (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Mason, F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rozkošný, R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2015-05-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>56</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>75</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0108</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.056.0108</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7661835</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F86F6966D80FFFEF28D0D9C6FC1FFB89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F86F6966D80FFFEF28D0D9C6FC1FFB89" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[421,826,1159,1186]" box="[421,826,1159,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<heading box="[421,826,1159,1186]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" reason="6">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="55J6" authority="Enderlein, 1914" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1914" box="[500,826,1159,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[500,640,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Isomerocera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="ENDERLEIN, G." box="[647,826,1159,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" pagination="289 - 315" refId="ref16368" refString="ENDERLEIN, G. 1914. Dipterologische Studien. VIII. Zur Kenntnis der Stratiomyiiden-Unterfamilien mit 2 astiger Media Pachygasterinae, Lophotelinae und Prosopochrysinae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 43: 289 - 315." type="journal article" year="1914">Enderlein, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<treatmentCitation author="ENDERLEIN, G." box="[144,457,1195,1217]" page="302" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" year="1914">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="55J6" authority="Enderlein, 1914: 302" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityPageNumber="302" authorityYear="1914" box="[144,457,1195,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[144,258,1196,1217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Isomerocera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="ENDERLEIN, G." box="[263,457,1195,1217]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" pagination="289 - 315" refId="ref16368" refString="ENDERLEIN, G. 1914. Dipterologische Studien. VIII. Zur Kenntnis der Stratiomyiiden-Unterfamilien mit 2 astiger Media Pachygasterinae, Lophotelinae und Prosopochrysinae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 43: 289 - 315." type="journal article" year="1914">Enderlein, 1914: 302</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[144,1104,1195,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<typeStatus box="[144,200,1232,1258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Macquart, 1850" authorityName="Macquart, Mason" authorityYear="1850" box="[312,768,1232,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Diphysa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculiventris">
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<emphasis box="[312,573,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Diphysa maculiventris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="MACQUART, P. J. M." box="[584,768,1232,1259]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" pagination="309 - 479" refId="ref17179" refString="MACQUART, P. J. M. 1850. Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4 e Supplement. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences de l´Agriculture et des Arts, de Lille 1849: 309 - 479." type="journal article" year="1850">Macquart, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Stratiomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilineata">
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<emphasis box="[815,1103,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Stratiomys quadrilineata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="FABRICIUS, J. C." box="[144,322,1264,1290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" refId="ref16401" refString="FABRICIUS, J. C. 1787. Mantissa insectorvm sistens species nvper detectas adiectis synonymis, observationibvs, desciptionibvs, emendationibvs. Tom II. Christ. Gottl. Proft, Hafniae [= Copenhagen]." type="book" year="1787">Fabricius, 1787</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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), by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[144,1104,1195,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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The external morphology of
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<taxonomicName box="[511,710,1297,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis box="[511,653,1297,1322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Isomerocera</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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corresponds with the groundplan of the diverse and extensive subfamily
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<taxonomicName box="[589,761,1328,1354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pachygastrinae">Pachygastrinae</taxonomicName>
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, which is characterised by the loss of vein
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<emphasis box="[288,311,1361,1386]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">M</emphasis>
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<quantity box="[312,351,1361,1393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" unit="in" value="3.0">
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<emphasis box="[312,320,1379,1393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<subScript attach="left" box="[312,320,1379,1393]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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in
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</quantity>
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particular. Nevertheless, Woodley (2001) stated the instability of this character and concluded that the monophyly of the
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<taxonomicName box="[764,934,1393,1419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pachygastrinae">Pachygastrinae</taxonomicName>
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is only weakly supported on a world level.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1914" box="[451,591,1426,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[451,591,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Isomerocera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[606,669,1425,1451]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[144,177,841,863]" captionTargetBox="[180,1060,228,822]" captionTargetId="figure-253@2.[151,1096,220,825]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.1. Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius), female (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal,South Coast Uvongo, orig. F. Mason). Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661837/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) belongs to the group of pachygastrine genera distinguished by the following features: (1) some medial flagellomeres of the antenna have finger-like projections (
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<figureCitation box="[563,693,1489,1516]" captionStart="Figs 29–41" captionStartId="12.[144,183,1303,1325]" captionTargetBox="[151,1081,206,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-174@12.[144,1104,204,1297]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 29–41. Isomerocera heteraspis James, (29–35) male holotype and (35–41) female: (29) male body in dorsal view; (30) head in lateral view; (31) antenna; (32) genital capsule; (33) aedeagal complex in (a) ventral, (b) dorsal and (c) lateral view; (34) tergites 6–8; (35) proctiger, cerci and epandrium; (36) female body in dorsal view; (37) head in frontal view; (38) antenna; colour pattern of legs: (39) fore, (40) middle and (41) hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661853/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Figs 31, 38</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[706,865,1489,1516]" captionStart="Figs 42–74" captionStartId="13.[181,220,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[242,1082,214,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-187@13.[232,1091,205,1349]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 42–74. Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius), (42–58) male and (59–74) female: (42) male body in dorsal view, (43) abdomen variation: South Africa, Port St. Johns; (44) head in frontal view; (45) antenna,(46) variation:SouthAfrica,Umgeni River,Nagle Dam; (47)genital capsule,(48) variation: South Africa, Mfongosi; aedeagal complex in (49) ventral and (50) lateral view; (51) tergites 6–8; (52) proctiger, cerci and epandrium; colour pattern of legs: (53) fore, (54) middle and (55) hind leg, variation:South Africa, Durban, (56) fore, (57) middle and (58) hind leg; (59) female body in dorsal view, abdomen variation: (60) South Africa, Eshowe, Dlinza Forest and (61) Democratic Republic Congo, Eala; (62) head in frontal view, Democratic Republic Congo, Bambesa, (63) variation: Cameroon, Sangmelima; (64) antenna, Zimbabwe, Vumba, (65) variation: South Africa, Eshowe, Dlinza Forest; (66) genital furca, (67) variation: South Africa, Eshowe, Dlinza Forest; subgenital plate (68); colour pattern of legs Democratic Republic Congo, Eala: (69) fore, (70) middle and (71) hind leg, variation: South Africa, Ngoye Forest, between Eshowe and Empangeni: (72) fore, (73) middle and (74) hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661855/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">45, 46, 64, 65</figureCitation>
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), (2) the scutellum is armed with four strong spines (
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<figureCitation box="[491,622,1522,1549]" captionStart="Figs 11–16" captionStartId="7.[183,222,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,204,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-84@7.[189,1134,204,1277]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 11–16.Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius): (11) antenna; ocellar triangle in (12a) frontal and (12b) dorsal view (Abbreviations: aoc – anterior ocellus, loc – lateral ocellus, oct – ocellar triangle, pot – pre-ocellar tubercle).Isomerocera spp., scutellum:I.heteraspis James, female,in (13) posterolateral and (14) posterior view; I. quadrilineata (Fabricius), (15) male and (16) female in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661847/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Figs 13–16</figureCitation>
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), (3) vein
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<emphasis box="[736,781,1522,1554]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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R
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<subScript attach="left" box="[754,781,1540,1554]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">2+3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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arises beyond crossvein
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<emphasis box="[1057,1097,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">r-m</emphasis>
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, (4) vein
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<emphasis box="[238,263,1555,1586]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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R
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<subScript attach="left" box="[255,263,1572,1586]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">4</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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is present (
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<figureCitation box="[391,459,1554,1580]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[144,177,1522,1544]" captionTargetBox="[156,1070,1109,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-133@4.[151,1096,1068,1501]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius), female wing, veins and cells. Abbreviations: A1 – anal vein, alu– alula,anl – anal lobe, bm– basal medial cell,br – basal radial cell, C – costal vein,c – costal cell, CuA1and CuA2– branches of anterior cubital vein, cua1 – anterior cubital cell, cup – posterior cubital cell, dm– discal cell, h – humeral crossvein,M1–2 – medial veins,m1–2 – medial cells,R1-5– radial veins, r1–5 – radial cells, r-m – crossvein between R and M veins, Sc – subcostal vein, sc – subcostal cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661843/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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), (5) the abdomen is short and rounded, markedly convex dorsally (
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<figureCitation box="[250,352,1586,1612]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[144,177,841,863]" captionStartId-1="3.[181,213,1525,1547]" captionStartId-2="4.[144,177,763,785]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1060,228,822]" captionTargetBox-1="[385,944,223,1489]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1074,260,723]" captionTargetId-0="figure-253@2.[151,1096,220,825]" captionTargetId-1="figure-9@3.[375,948,204,1508]" captionTargetId-2="figure-14@4.[151,1096,248,731]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Fig.1. Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius), female (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal,South Coast Uvongo, orig. F. Mason). Scale bar=1.0 mm." captionText-1="Fig.2.Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius),female in dorsal view withmorphological terms.Abbreviations: ey – eye, fr – frontal vitta, occ – occiput, oct – ocellar triangle, pa – prescutellar area, pac – prealar callus, pnt– pronotum, po – postsutural area of scutum,poa – postocular area,pot – preocellartubercle, ppc – postpronotal callus,pr – presutural area of scutum,prp – prealar prominence,sc – scutum, scs– scutellar spine, sct – scutellum, tg1–5– tergite 1–5, ts – transverse suture, vtx – vertex, wb – wing base." captionText-2="Fig.3. Isomerocera quadrilineata(Fabricius), femalethorax and abdomen in lateral view withmorphological terms. Abbreviations: aep – anepimeron, aes – anepisternum, as – anterior spiracle, atg – anatergite, cx1–3 – coxa1–3, ha – halter,kep – katepimeron,kes – katepisternum,ktg – katatergite,ltg – laterotergite, mr – meron, mtg – mediotergite, pac – postalar callus, pem – proepimeron, pes – proepisternum, po– postsutural area of scutum,ppc – postpronotal callus,pr – presutural area ofscutum, prp – prealar prominence, ps – posterior spiracle,sc – scutum,scs – scutellar spines, sct – scutellum,st1–5 – sternites 1–5, tg1–5 – tergites 1–5, ts – transverse suture." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661837" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661839" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661841" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7661837/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7661839/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7661841/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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) and (6) the male terminalia (
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<figureCitation box="[696,800,1586,1613]" captionStart="Figs 5–10" captionStartId="5.[181,220,1418,1440]" captionTargetBox="[253,1103,222,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-109@5.[212,1112,204,1428]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 5–10. Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius), male and female terminalia: Male: (5) dorsal part; (6) ventral part; aedeagal complex in (7) dorsal and (8) lateral view. Female: (9) terminalia in dorsal view and (10) genital furca.Abbreviations: aa – aedeagal apodeme,alp – aedeagal lateral projection, ast – attachment structure, c – cercus, ep – epandrium, ga – gonocoxal apodeme, gf – genital furca, gs – gonostylus, ma – medial aperture, mp – median process of synsternum, pb – posterior bridge, pha – phallic organ, pl – posterolateral projection, pr – proctiger, psh – parameral sheath, tg – tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661845/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
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) show a unique parameral sheath. From these characters only characters (1) and (6) are apparently apomorphic though partly shared with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1820" box="[438,542,1650,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Ptilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[438,542,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Ptilocera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation author="MASON, F. & ROZKOSNY, R." box="[601,892,1650,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 49" refId="ref17220" refString="MASON, F. & ROZKOSNY, R. 2011. A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="2011">Mason & Rozkošný 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661839" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7661839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661839/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" startId="3.[181,213,1525,1547]" targetBox="[385,944,223,1489]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[181,1143,1525,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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Fig.2.
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<taxonomicName authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[241,579,1525,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilineata">
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<emphasis box="[241,476,1525,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Isomerocera quadrilineata</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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, female in dorsal view with morphological terms.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1010,1135,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,265,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">ey</emphasis>
|
||
– eye,
|
||
<emphasis box="[331,346,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">fr</emphasis>
|
||
– frontal vitta,
|
||
<emphasis box="[487,518,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">occ</emphasis>
|
||
– occiput,
|
||
<emphasis box="[619,647,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">oct</emphasis>
|
||
– ocellar triangle,
|
||
<emphasis box="[817,840,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">pa</emphasis>
|
||
– prescutellar area,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1023,1056,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">pac</emphasis>
|
||
– prealar callus,
|
||
<emphasis box="[307,350,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">pnt –</emphasis>
|
||
pronotum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[450,472,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">po</emphasis>
|
||
– postsutural area of scutum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[729,763,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">poa</emphasis>
|
||
– postocular area,
|
||
<emphasis box="[924,968,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">pot –</emphasis>
|
||
preocellar tubercle,
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,293,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">ppc –</emphasis>
|
||
postpronotal callus,
|
||
<emphasis box="[477,512,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">pr –</emphasis>
|
||
presutural area of scutum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[751,782,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">prp</emphasis>
|
||
– prealar prominence,
|
||
<emphasis box="[985,1004,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">sc</emphasis>
|
||
– scutum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1099,1127,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">scs</emphasis>
|
||
– scutellar spine,
|
||
<emphasis box="[385,410,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">sct</emphasis>
|
||
– scutellum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[528,546,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">tg</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[546,566,1636,1648]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">1–5</subScript>
|
||
– tergite 1–5
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[681,685,1636,1648]" fontSize="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">,</subScript>
|
||
<emphasis box="[689,704,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">ts</emphasis>
|
||
– transverse suture,
|
||
<emphasis box="[886,912,1622,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">vtx</emphasis>
|
||
– vertex,
|
||
<emphasis box="[999,1025,1621,1642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">wb</emphasis>
|
||
– wing base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661841" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7661841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661841/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" startId="4.[144,177,763,785]" targetBox="[178,1074,260,723]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[144,1105,763,934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Fig. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[204,545,763,785]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[204,442,763,785]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Isomerocera quadrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female thorax and abdomen in lateral view with morphological terms.
|
||
<emphasis box="[269,395,787,808]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,439,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">aep</emphasis>
|
||
– anepimeron,
|
||
<emphasis box="[577,607,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">aes</emphasis>
|
||
– anepisternum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[761,781,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">as</emphasis>
|
||
– anterior spiracle,
|
||
<emphasis box="[959,988,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">atg</emphasis>
|
||
– anatergite,
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,228,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">cx</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[227,246,826,838]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis box="[234,240,826,838]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">–</emphasis>
|
||
3
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
– coxa 1–3,
|
||
<emphasis box="[351,373,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">ha</emphasis>
|
||
– halter,
|
||
<emphasis box="[451,482,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">kep</emphasis>
|
||
– katepimeron,
|
||
<emphasis box="[621,649,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">kes</emphasis>
|
||
– katepisternum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[802,829,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">ktg</emphasis>
|
||
– katatergite,
|
||
<emphasis box="[950,973,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">ltg</emphasis>
|
||
– laterotergite,
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,233,836,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">mr</emphasis>
|
||
– meron,
|
||
<emphasis box="[329,363,836,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">mtg</emphasis>
|
||
– mediotergite,
|
||
<emphasis box="[516,549,836,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">pac</emphasis>
|
||
– postalar callus,
|
||
<emphasis box="[719,757,836,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">pem</emphasis>
|
||
– proepimeron,
|
||
<emphasis box="[911,941,836,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">pes</emphasis>
|
||
– proepisternum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,231,860,881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">po</emphasis>
|
||
– postsutural area of scutum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[490,522,860,881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">ppc</emphasis>
|
||
– postpronotal callus,
|
||
<emphasis box="[719,739,860,881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">pr</emphasis>
|
||
– presutural area of scutum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[991,1022,860,881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">prp</emphasis>
|
||
– prealar prominence,
|
||
<emphasis box="[324,344,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">ps</emphasis>
|
||
– posterior spiracle,
|
||
<emphasis box="[527,546,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">sc</emphasis>
|
||
– scutum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[640,668,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">scs</emphasis>
|
||
– scutellar spines,
|
||
<emphasis box="[834,859,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">sct</emphasis>
|
||
– scutellum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[975,990,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">st</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[990,1011,898,910]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">1–5</subScript>
|
||
– sternites 1–5,
|
||
<emphasis box="[254,272,908,929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">tg</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[272,292,922,934]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">1–5</subScript>
|
||
– tergites 1–5,
|
||
<emphasis box="[432,447,908,929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">ts</emphasis>
|
||
– transverse suture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7661843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661843/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" startId="4.[144,177,1522,1544]" targetBox="[156,1070,1109,1487]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[144,1104,1522,1645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Fig. 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[208,558,1522,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,450,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Isomerocera quadrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female wing, veins and cells.
|
||
<emphasis box="[836,962,1522,1543]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[975,989,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[988,995,1537,1549]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">1</subScript>
|
||
– anal vein,
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,237,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">alu</emphasis>
|
||
– alula,
|
||
<emphasis box="[309,338,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">anl</emphasis>
|
||
– anal lobe,
|
||
<emphasis box="[448,476,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">bm</emphasis>
|
||
– basal medial cell,
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,672,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">br</emphasis>
|
||
– basal radial cell,
|
||
<emphasis box="[840,855,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">C</emphasis>
|
||
– costal vein,
|
||
<emphasis box="[979,989,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">c</emphasis>
|
||
– costal cell,
|
||
<emphasis box="[206,248,1571,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">CuA</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="both" box="[248,255,1585,1597]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">1</subScript>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,335,1571,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">CuA</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[335,342,1585,1597]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">2</subScript>
|
||
– branches of anterior cubital vein,
|
||
<emphasis box="[659,699,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
|
||
cua
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[692,699,1585,1597]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
– anterior cubital cell,
|
||
<emphasis box="[903,936,1571,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">cup</emphasis>
|
||
– posterior cubital cell,
|
||
<emphasis box="[250,278,1594,1615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">dm</emphasis>
|
||
– discal cell,
|
||
<emphasis box="[395,406,1594,1615]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">h</emphasis>
|
||
– humeral crossvein,
|
||
<emphasis box="[596,615,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">M</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[616,636,1609,1621]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">1–2</subScript>
|
||
– medial veins,
|
||
<emphasis box="[776,792,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">m</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[793,813,1609,1621]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">1–2</subScript>
|
||
– medial cells,
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,959,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">R</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[960,978,1609,1621]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">1-5</subScript>
|
||
– radial veins,
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,217,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">r</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[216,236,1633,1645]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">1–5</subScript>
|
||
– radial cells,
|
||
<emphasis box="[367,399,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
– crossvein between
|
||
<emphasis box="[594,608,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">R</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,671,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">M</emphasis>
|
||
veins,
|
||
<emphasis box="[736,757,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Sc</emphasis>
|
||
– subcostal vein,
|
||
<emphasis box="[920,939,1619,1640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">sc</emphasis>
|
||
– subcostal cell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7661845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661845/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" startId="5.[181,220,1418,1440]" targetBox="[253,1103,222,1404]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1143,1418,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Figs 5–10.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[285,637,1418,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[285,529,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Isomerocera quadrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male and female terminalia: Male: (5) dorsal part; (6) ventral part; aedeagal complex in (7) dorsal and (8) lateral view. Female: (9) terminalia in dorsal view and (10) genital furca.
|
||
<emphasis box="[495,621,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Abbreviations</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[632,655,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">aa</emphasis>
|
||
– aedeagal apodeme,
|
||
<emphasis box="[850,879,1466,1487]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">alp</emphasis>
|
||
– aedeagal lateral projection,
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,288,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">ast –</emphasis>
|
||
attachment structure,
|
||
<emphasis box="[490,500,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">c</emphasis>
|
||
– cercus,
|
||
<emphasis box="[592,613,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">ep</emphasis>
|
||
– epandrium,
|
||
<emphasis box="[744,767,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">ga</emphasis>
|
||
– gonocoxal apodeme,
|
||
<emphasis box="[982,1000,1490,1511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">gf</emphasis>
|
||
– genital furca,
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,265,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">gs</emphasis>
|
||
– gonostylus,
|
||
<emphasis box="[399,427,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">ma</emphasis>
|
||
– medial aperture,
|
||
<emphasis box="[605,633,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">mp</emphasis>
|
||
– median process of synsternum,
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,968,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">pb</emphasis>
|
||
– posterior bridge,
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,279,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">pha</emphasis>
|
||
– phallic organ,
|
||
<emphasis box="[427,445,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">pl</emphasis>
|
||
– posterolateral projection,
|
||
<emphasis box="[695,715,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">pr</emphasis>
|
||
– proctiger,
|
||
<emphasis box="[826,857,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">psh</emphasis>
|
||
– parameral sheath,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1041,1059,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">tg</emphasis>
|
||
– tergite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[181,1141,1618,1677]" lastBlockId="6.[144,1104,204,1133]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Head of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1914" box="[303,443,1619,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[303,443,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Isomerocera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[457,529,1618,1644]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[181,213,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[385,944,223,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-9@3.[375,948,204,1508]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig.2.Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius),female in dorsal view withmorphological terms.Abbreviations: ey – eye, fr – frontal vitta, occ – occiput, oct – ocellar triangle, pa – prescutellar area, pac – prealar callus, pnt– pronotum, po – postsutural area of scutum,poa – postocular area,pot – preocellartubercle, ppc – postpronotal callus,pr – presutural area of scutum,prp – prealar prominence,sc – scutum, scs– scutellar spine, sct – scutellum, tg1–5– tergite 1–5, ts – transverse suture, vtx – vertex, wb – wing base." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661839/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[540,611,1618,1644]" captionStart="Figs 29–41" captionStartId="12.[144,183,1303,1325]" captionTargetBox="[151,1081,206,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-174@12.[144,1104,204,1297]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 29–41. Isomerocera heteraspis James, (29–35) male holotype and (35–41) female: (29) male body in dorsal view; (30) head in lateral view; (31) antenna; (32) genital capsule; (33) aedeagal complex in (a) ventral, (b) dorsal and (c) lateral view; (34) tergites 6–8; (35) proctiger, cerci and epandrium; (36) female body in dorsal view; (37) head in frontal view; (38) antenna; colour pattern of legs: (39) fore, (40) middle and (41) hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661853/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">30, 37</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[622,651,1618,1644]" captionStart="Figs 42–74" captionStartId="13.[181,220,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[242,1082,214,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-187@13.[232,1091,205,1349]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 42–74. Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius), (42–58) male and (59–74) female: (42) male body in dorsal view, (43) abdomen variation: South Africa, Port St. Johns; (44) head in frontal view; (45) antenna,(46) variation:SouthAfrica,Umgeni River,Nagle Dam; (47)genital capsule,(48) variation: South Africa, Mfongosi; aedeagal complex in (49) ventral and (50) lateral view; (51) tergites 6–8; (52) proctiger, cerci and epandrium; colour pattern of legs: (53) fore, (54) middle and (55) hind leg, variation:South Africa, Durban, (56) fore, (57) middle and (58) hind leg; (59) female body in dorsal view, abdomen variation: (60) South Africa, Eshowe, Dlinza Forest and (61) Democratic Republic Congo, Eala; (62) head in frontal view, Democratic Republic Congo, Bambesa, (63) variation: Cameroon, Sangmelima; (64) antenna, Zimbabwe, Vumba, (65) variation: South Africa, Eshowe, Dlinza Forest; (66) genital furca, (67) variation: South Africa, Eshowe, Dlinza Forest; subgenital plate (68); colour pattern of legs Democratic Republic Congo, Eala: (69) fore, (70) middle and (71) hind leg, variation: South Africa, Ngoye Forest, between Eshowe and Empangeni: (72) fore, (73) middle and (74) hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661855/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">44</figureCitation>
|
||
) holoptic in males and dichoptic in females, transverse in dorsal view and almost hemispherical, higher than long in lateral view, eyes bare in both sexes. Facets in upper part of male eye distinctly larger than in lower third, male ocellar triangle prominent in lateral view and frons divided by contiguous eyes into upper short part and lower, broader, subtriangular part, both covered with pale appressed hairs. Postocular area not visible in male but well developed in female. Female ocellar triangle is distinctly elevated above the level of eyes and this elevation visible also in front of the anterior ocellus as a preocellar tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[873,1003,364,391]" captionStart="Figs 11–16" captionStartId="7.[183,222,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,204,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-84@7.[189,1134,204,1277]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 11–16.Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius): (11) antenna; ocellar triangle in (12a) frontal and (12b) dorsal view (Abbreviations: aoc – anterior ocellus, loc – lateral ocellus, oct – ocellar triangle, pot – pre-ocellar tubercle).Isomerocera spp., scutellum:I.heteraspis James, female,in (13) posterolateral and (14) posterior view; I. quadrilineata (Fabricius), (15) male and (16) female in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661847/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Figs 12 a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female frons nearly parallel-sided, slightly narrower than scape is long. Antenna relatively long and slender, about 2–3× as long as head. Scape 3–4× longer than pedicel and pedicel cup-like, distinctly shorter than first flagellomere. Male flagellomeres 3–5 provided with paired finger-like projections, longer ventral and shorter dorsal ones. In females an additional, short ventral projection on flagellomere 2 distinct. Face slightly arched at middle below antennae. Proboscis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[571,653,555,582]" captionStart="Figs 23–28" captionStartId="9.[181,220,1252,1274]" captionTargetBox="[190,1135,215,1238]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[190,1135,212,1238]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 23–28. Isomerocera heteraspis James, female: (23) prealar prominence; (24) hair tuft (tft) between postalar callus andanatergite.I.quadrilinenata (Fabricius):(25) labellarlobes and palpi; (26) palpus; (27) hind tarsus (clw – claw, emp – empodium, pulv – pulvillus terminalia); (28) female terminalia (crc – cerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661851/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
) unmodified and palpus two-segmented (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[152,236,588,615]" captionStart="Figs 23–28" captionStartId="9.[181,220,1252,1274]" captionTargetBox="[190,1135,215,1238]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[190,1135,212,1238]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 23–28. Isomerocera heteraspis James, female: (23) prealar prominence; (24) hair tuft (tft) between postalar callus andanatergite.I.quadrilinenata (Fabricius):(25) labellarlobes and palpi; (26) palpus; (27) hind tarsus (clw – claw, emp – empodium, pulv – pulvillus terminalia); (28) female terminalia (crc – cerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661851/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[144,1104,204,1133]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Thorax without any apomorphic characters at generic level. Prealar prominence (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[151,281,655,682]" captionStart-0="Figs 17–22" captionStart-1="Figs 23–28" captionStartId-0="8.[144,184,1293,1315]" captionStartId-1="9.[181,220,1252,1274]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1096,204,1274]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1135,215,1238]" captionTargetId-0="figure-116@8.[151,1096,204,1274]" captionTargetId-1="figure-121@9.[190,1135,212,1238]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="Figs 17–22. Isomerocera heteraspis James, female: (17) scales on postocular area. I. quadrilineata (Fabricius), female: (18) (a) hairs and (b) scales on presutural area of scutum; (19) male posterior stigma (ps – posterior spiracle); (20) postpronotal callus and anterior stigma (as – anterior spiracle, ppc – postpronotal callus); prealar prominence of (21) male and (22) female." captionText-1="Figs 23–28. Isomerocera heteraspis James, female: (23) prealar prominence; (24) hair tuft (tft) between postalar callus andanatergite.I.quadrilinenata (Fabricius):(25) labellarlobes and palpi; (26) palpus; (27) hind tarsus (clw – claw, emp – empodium, pulv – pulvillus terminalia); (28) female terminalia (crc – cerci)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661849" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661851" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7661849/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7661851/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Figs 21–23</figureCitation>
|
||
) present in front of wing base. Four strong marginal spines on scutellum of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[174,474,687,713]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[174,474,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Isomerocera quadrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[490,620,687,714]" captionStart="Figs 11–16" captionStartId="7.[183,222,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,204,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-84@7.[189,1134,204,1277]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 11–16.Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius): (11) antenna; ocellar triangle in (12a) frontal and (12b) dorsal view (Abbreviations: aoc – anterior ocellus, loc – lateral ocellus, oct – ocellar triangle, pot – pre-ocellar tubercle).Isomerocera spp., scutellum:I.heteraspis James, female,in (13) posterolateral and (14) posterior view; I. quadrilineata (Fabricius), (15) male and (16) female in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661847/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Figs 15, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) arranged in one plane but in two different planes in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="James" authorityYear="1949" box="[258,399,719,745]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteraspis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[258,399,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">I. heteraspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[418,554,719,746]" captionStart="Figs 11–16" captionStartId="7.[183,222,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,204,1274]" captionTargetId="figure-84@7.[189,1134,204,1277]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 11–16.Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius): (11) antenna; ocellar triangle in (12a) frontal and (12b) dorsal view (Abbreviations: aoc – anterior ocellus, loc – lateral ocellus, oct – ocellar triangle, pot – pre-ocellar tubercle).Isomerocera spp., scutellum:I.heteraspis James, female,in (13) posterolateral and (14) posterior view; I. quadrilineata (Fabricius), (15) male and (16) female in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661847/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) (see James 1949
|
||
<emphasis box="[763,777,719,745]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">b</emphasis>
|
||
). Wing venation (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[989,1063,719,746]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[144,177,841,863]" captionTargetBox="[180,1060,228,822]" captionTargetId="figure-253@2.[151,1096,220,825]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.1. Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius), female (South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal,South Coast Uvongo, orig. F. Mason). Scale bar=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661837/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1080,1095,720,746]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[144,177,1522,1544]" captionTargetBox="[156,1070,1109,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-133@4.[151,1096,1068,1501]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius), female wing, veins and cells. Abbreviations: A1 – anal vein, alu– alula,anl – anal lobe, bm– basal medial cell,br – basal radial cell, C – costal vein,c – costal cell, CuA1and CuA2– branches of anterior cubital vein, cua1 – anterior cubital cell, cup – posterior cubital cell, dm– discal cell, h – humeral crossvein,M1–2 – medial veins,m1–2 – medial cells,R1-5– radial veins, r1–5 – radial cells, r-m – crossvein between R and M veins, Sc – subcostal vein, sc – subcostal cell." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661843/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) characterised by vein
|
||
<emphasis box="[394,438,752,784]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
|
||
R
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[411,438,770,784]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">2+3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
arising beyond crossvein
|
||
<emphasis box="[730,770,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
and presence of
|
||
<emphasis box="[966,991,752,784]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
|
||
R
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[983,991,770,784]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Stronger veins in basal half of wing contrastingly pigmented and virtually all veins reach wing margin. Darkening on wing in front of crossvein
|
||
<emphasis box="[708,748,816,841]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">r-m</emphasis>
|
||
characteristic for both species. Wing membrane covered with dense microtrichia reduced in upper half of
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,993,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">cup</emphasis>
|
||
cell. Legs without any special structures, pretarsus corresponding with state found in all families of Homeodactyla (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[357,443,911,938]" captionStart="Figs 23–28" captionStartId="9.[181,220,1252,1274]" captionTargetBox="[190,1135,215,1238]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[190,1135,212,1238]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 23–28. Isomerocera heteraspis James, female: (23) prealar prominence; (24) hair tuft (tft) between postalar callus andanatergite.I.quadrilinenata (Fabricius):(25) labellarlobes and palpi; (26) palpus; (27) hind tarsus (clw – claw, emp – empodium, pulv – pulvillus terminalia); (28) female terminalia (crc – cerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661851/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[497,799,911,937]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrilineata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[497,799,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Isomerocera quadrilineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, extensive variation in leg colour pattern exists (see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[430,563,943,970]" captionStart="Figs 75–88" captionStartId="15.[181,220,1264,1286]" captionTargetBox="[212,1121,206,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-102@15.[181,1141,201,1265]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 75–88. Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius), variation of legs colour pattern, males (75–82) and females (83–88): Males: (75–78) Mozambique, Gorongosa; (79) Zimbabwe, Chirinda Forest; (80) Democratic Republic Congo, Yangambi; (81) Mozambique, Gorongosa; (82) Malawi, Nkwadzi. Females: (83) South Africa, Eshowe, Dlinza Forest; (84) South Africa, St. Helier, Hillcrest; (85) Malawi, Zomba; (86) Democratic Republic Congo, Bambesa; (87) Uganda, Jinja; (88) Democratic Republic Congo, Stanleyville [= Kisangani]. Abbreviations: l1, l2, l3 – fore, middle and hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661857/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Figs 75–88</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[144,1104,204,1133]" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Abdomen rounded and dorsally convex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[618,685,979,1006]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[144,177,763,785]" captionTargetBox="[178,1074,260,723]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1096,248,731]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig.3. Isomerocera quadrilineata(Fabricius), femalethorax and abdomen in lateral view withmorphological terms. Abbreviations: aep – anepimeron, aes – anepisternum, as – anterior spiracle, atg – anatergite, cx1–3 – coxa1–3, ha – halter,kep – katepimeron,kes – katepisternum,ktg – katatergite,ltg – laterotergite, mr – meron, mtg – mediotergite, pac – postalar callus, pem – proepimeron, pes – proepisternum, po– postsutural area of scutum,ppc – postpronotal callus,pr – presutural area ofscutum, prp – prealar prominence, ps – posterior spiracle,sc – scutum,scs – scutellar spines, sct – scutellum,st1–5 – sternites 1–5, tg1–5 – tergites 1–5, ts – transverse suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661841/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Silverish white hair patches on terga with extensively variable pattern (see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[574,799,1011,1038]" captionStart="Figs 42–74" captionStartId="13.[181,220,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[242,1082,214,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-187@13.[232,1091,205,1349]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 42–74. Isomerocera quadrilineata (Fabricius), (42–58) male and (59–74) female: (42) male body in dorsal view, (43) abdomen variation: South Africa, Port St. Johns; (44) head in frontal view; (45) antenna,(46) variation:SouthAfrica,Umgeni River,Nagle Dam; (47)genital capsule,(48) variation: South Africa, Mfongosi; aedeagal complex in (49) ventral and (50) lateral view; (51) tergites 6–8; (52) proctiger, cerci and epandrium; colour pattern of legs: (53) fore, (54) middle and (55) hind leg, variation:South Africa, Durban, (56) fore, (57) middle and (58) hind leg; (59) female body in dorsal view, abdomen variation: (60) South Africa, Eshowe, Dlinza Forest and (61) Democratic Republic Congo, Eala; (62) head in frontal view, Democratic Republic Congo, Bambesa, (63) variation: Cameroon, Sangmelima; (64) antenna, Zimbabwe, Vumba, (65) variation: South Africa, Eshowe, Dlinza Forest; (66) genital furca, (67) variation: South Africa, Eshowe, Dlinza Forest; subgenital plate (68); colour pattern of legs Democratic Republic Congo, Eala: (69) fore, (70) middle and (71) hind leg, variation: South Africa, Ngoye Forest, between Eshowe and Empangeni: (72) fore, (73) middle and (74) hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7661855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7661855/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Figs 42, 43, 59–61</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shape of male terminalia unique. Parameral sheath apparently bipartite (though connected by hyaline membrane) in both examined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1914" box="[445,582,1076,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[445,582,1076,1101]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Isomerocera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lateral projections of aedeagal complex unique within
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[222,394,1107,1133]" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pachygastrinae">Pachygastrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, represented by apically pointed appendages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |