262 lines
27 KiB
XML
262 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.137.1788" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9fadd61-4780-4e75-9967-354ebc0e67df" ID-PMC="PMC3252760" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-137-77" ID-PubMed="22259305" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-137-77" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 137" ModsDocTitle="First record of Acaenitinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from South America with description of a new species and a key to the world species of Arotes Gravenhorst" checkinTime="1451249776916" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Castillo, Carol, Saeaeksjaervi, Ilari E., Bennett, Andrew M. R. & Broad, Gavin R." docDate="2011" docId="F68761AD712ED18C28644490F5D6EB72" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 137: 77-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 137" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.137.1788" docTitle="Arotes ucumari Castillo & Saeaeksjaervi, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="4A24FF9BEF12C7056142975EFFE29455" masterDocTitle="First record of Acaenitinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from South America with description of a new species and a key to the world species of Arotes Gravenhorst" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1668152408941" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First record of Acaenitinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from South America with description of a new species and a key to the world species of Arotes Gravenhorst</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Castillo, Carol</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Saeaeksjaervi, Ilari E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bennett, Andrew M. R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>137</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>77</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.137.1788</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.137.1788</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-137-77</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031480" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F98E674-ED64-4EEA-9DD9-3DAD72D6C30F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F68761AD712ED18C28644490F5D6EB72" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F98E674-ED64-4EEA-9DD9-3DAD72D6C30F" authority="Castillo & Saeaeksjaervi" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">
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Arotes ucumari Castillo &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sääksjärvi">Saeaeksjaervi</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="81">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="81" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="81">
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Peru, Dept. of Cusco, Manu National Park,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cosñipata">Cosnipata</normalizedToken>
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valley, San Pedro,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-13.049445">13°02'58"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-71.53694">71°32'13"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1500 m elev., C. Castillo leg., 20 September 2007.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="type specimen">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="82" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
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Holotype female, pinned. Original label: "Peru, CU, San Pedro,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-13.049445">13°02'58"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-71.53694">71°32'13"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1500 m, Malaise trap, 20.ix.2007, C. Castillo". UNSM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">Arotes ucumari</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (Fig. 4) can be distinguished from all other described
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arotes</taxonomicName>
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spp. by combination of all the following characters: 1) hind tibia black; 2) scutellum yellow; 3) antenna without a medial light coloured band; 4) hind femur ventrally not or only slightly swollen subapically.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">Arotes ucumari</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is readily distinguished from other New World species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arotes</taxonomicName>
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(except
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes facialis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facialis">Arotes facialis</taxonomicName>
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) on account of its totally black antennae (character 3). It differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes facialis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facialis">Arotes facialis</taxonomicName>
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in that it has more extensive yellow colouration on the meso- and metasoma (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes facialis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facialis">Arotes facialis</taxonomicName>
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is almost completely black). In addition, the propodeal carina
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="83" start="start">tion</pageBreakToken>
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of the three neotropical species is different (Figs 1-3). The area superomedia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes facialis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facialis">Arotes facialis</taxonomicName>
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is hexagonal to subcircular whereas that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">Arotes ucumari</taxonomicName>
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is irregularly octagonal (Fig. 2). In coloration,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">Arotes ucumari</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes pammae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pammae">Arotes pammae</taxonomicName>
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Gauld (Fig. 5) but may be separated from that species by the black antennae, smoothly rounded first sternite of metasoma and the propodeal carination (in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">Arotes ucumari</taxonomicName>
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, the anterior transverse carina joins the area superomedia at its upper half and the shape of the area superomedia is irregularly octagonal).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
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<subSection pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="female">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Habitus in Figure 4. Lower face broad, inner margins of eyes ventrally divergent; frons concave, smooth; antenna with 34 flagellomeres; antenna about as long as fore wing. Pronotum with striae directed to hind corner of pronotum, middle of pronotum just dorsoposterior to pronotal trough impunctate; mesoscutum with lobes sparsely, coarsely punctate, closely punctate on front side; scutellum more closely punctate than mesoscutum; mesopleurum anteriorly, ventrally coarsely punctate; metapleurum coarsely, closely punctate but, above submetapleural carina punctures are separated by more than their diameter; propodeum with area superomedia clearly delineated, almost hexagonal anteriorly, posteriorly narrowed, so that it is irregularly octagonal (Fig. 2), posterior border of area superomedia concave; anterior transverse carina joining area superomedia at its upper half; lateral longitudinal carina only delineating area externa and area posteroexterna; area petiolaris confluent with area posteroexterna. Fore wing length 14 mm, wing without areolet, with cross vein 2rs-m (or 3rs-m, depending on interpretation) distal to 2m-cu. Hind femur ventrally with a slight subapical swelling. First metasomal sternite with projection smoothly rounded; ovipositor projecting beyond apex of metasoma by about 1.9 times length of hind tibia.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Yellowish species with black marks. Head light yellow with temple, frons and inner margin of occiput black; antenna black except infuscate tip on last flagellomere. Mesosoma mostly light yellow with dorsal and hind margins of pronotum black, mesoscutum black with yellow marks on lateral and hind regions of central lobe, U-shaped mark in dorsal view, lateral sides of mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum also yellow, hind margin of mesopleurum, mesosternum and anterior half of propodeum black. Wings slightly yellowish, with apex broadly infumate, pterostigma and veins black. Fore and mid legs with light yellow on dorsal surfaces of trochanters and femora, most of tibiae and all tarsi infuscate; hind leg black with yellow marks on lower half of coxa, two oval yellow marks on dorsal and lateral sides of coxa, most of trochanter and ventral half of femur light yellow. Metasoma black, tergites 1-2 with broad yellowish marks close to hind margin, tergite 3 almost entirely black, tergites 4+ with hind margins and lateral spots light yellow; subgenital plate infuscate with upper margin yellowish; ovipositor orange, ovipositor sheaths black with dull yellow tip.</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="male">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Male.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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The host of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">Arotes ucumari</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is not known. North American
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arotes</taxonomicName>
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species have been reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Melandryidae" genus="Melandrya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melandrya" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melandrya</taxonomicName>
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(Melandryidae),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Leptura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptura" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptura</taxonomicName>
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(Cerambycidae) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mordellidae" genus="Tomoxia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tomoxia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tomoxia</taxonomicName>
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(Mordellidae) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Townes, H" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 676" title="Ichneumon-Flies of America North of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae." volume="216" year="1960">Townes and Townes 1960</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Gauld, ID" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 589" title="The Ichneumonidae of Costa Rica, 1." volume="47" year="1991">Gauld 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="6" pageNumber="83" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="83">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="6" pageNumber="83">
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The type locality is in a primary forest at the south east limit of Manu National Park. On the eastern slopes of the Andes, this altitude (1500 m) is considered
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="84" start="start">as</pageBreakToken>
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a major ecotone between the humid montane forest and the premontane forest belt (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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Young and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
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1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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). It differs from both highland Andean and lowland Amazonian vegetation formations. The Andean foothills of Manu-Tambopata are considered to be a super-humid region (
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<bibRefCitation author="Killeen, TJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" pagination="1357 - 1373" title="Dry spots and wet spots in the Andean hotspot." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01682.x" volume="34" year="2007">Killeen 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). The annual precipitation in 2007, when the holotype was collected, was 3158 mm. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures were between 21,6 and 11,3 degrees Celsius (
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<bibRefCitation author="SENAMHI," journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" title="SENAMHI National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru. Data obtained by request on April 2010." url="http://www.senamhi.gob.pe/" year="2010">SENAMHI</bibRefCitation>
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, National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru).
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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Ucumari is the quechuan name for the only South American species of bear,
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<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Tremarctos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tremarctos ornatus" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tremarctos ornatus</taxonomicName>
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, the Spectacled Bear. Just as is possible in the case of the Acaenitinae parasitoid wasps, the tremarctine bears reached the New World via the Bering Strait, and expanded their range southwards into North and South America. By naming the new species as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">Arotes ucumari</taxonomicName>
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we hope to draw attention to the conservation of both of these rare tropical Andean species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="7" pageNumber="84" type="the status of phaenolobus">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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The status of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phaenolobus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaenolobus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaenolobus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Acoenitus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acoenitus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acoenitus</taxonomicName>
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) moiwanus Matsumura, 1912
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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During the process of comparing specimens to verify the new species status of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">Arotes ucumari</taxonomicName>
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, examination of material of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes albicinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albicinctus">Arotes albicinctus</taxonomicName>
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and its subspecies
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes albicinctus subsp. moiwanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="albicinctus" subSpecies="moiwanus">Arotes albicinctus moiwanus</taxonomicName>
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at NHM and CNC revealed differences that could indicate that these two forms may represent two distinct species. Since
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<bibRefCitation author="Uchida, T" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" pagination="41 - 54" title="Beitraege zur Systematik der Tribus Acoenitini Japans (Hym. Ichneum. Pimplinae)." volume="9" year="1934">Uchida (1934)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Phaenolobus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaenolobus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaenolobus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Acoenitus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acoenitus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Acoenitus</taxonomicName>
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) moiwanus Matsumura, 1912 has been regarded as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes albicinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albicinctus">Arotes albicinctus</taxonomicName>
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(Gravenhorst, 1829) (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation author="Townes, HK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 661" title="A catalogue and reclassification of the eastern Palearctic Ichneumonidae." volume="5" year="1965">Townes et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DS" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 1558" title="A catalogue of world Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Parts I-II." volume="58" year="1997">Yu and Horstmann 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). Our examination found the differences listed in Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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In most ichneumonid species in which subspecies are recognized, the only indicator of subspecies is colour, not sculpture. For example,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campoplex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campoplex sugiharai subsp. sugiharai" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sugiharai" subSpecies="sugiharai">Campoplex sugiharai sugiharai</taxonomicName>
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(Uchida),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campoplex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campoplex sugiharai subsp. australis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sugiharai" subSpecies="australis">Campoplex sugiharai australis</taxonomicName>
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Momoi and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campoplex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Campoplex sugiharai subsp. okinawensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sugiharai" subSpecies="okinawensis">Campoplex sugiharai okinawensis</taxonomicName>
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Momoi (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Momoi, S" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Insects" pageId="8" pageNumber="85" pagination="327 - 399" title="Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) of the Ryukyu Archipelago." volume="12" year="1970">Momoi 1970</bibRefCitation>
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). Such a major difference in the sculpture of the frons (striate versus sparsely punctate) generally indicates two species. We believe that the sculptural differences of the frons correlated with major colour differences of the scutellum and propodeum are clear indicators that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes albicinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albicinctus">Arotes albicinctus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes moiwanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moiwanus">Arotes moiwanus</taxonomicName>
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are two distinct species.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes moiwanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moiwanus">Arotes moiwanus</taxonomicName>
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stat. n. is hereby recognized as a valid species. We have not seen males of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes moiwanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moiwanus">Arotes moiwanus</taxonomicName>
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but we expect these characters to remain valid.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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Figures 1-3. Propodeum of neotropical species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arotes</taxonomicName>
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, posterodorsal view. 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes facialis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facialis">Arotes facialis</taxonomicName>
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, 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">Arotes ucumari</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes pammae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pammae">Arotes pammae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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Figures 4-5. Habitus, lateral view. 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes ucumari" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ucumari">Arotes ucumari</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype female (Peru). 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes pammae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pammae">Arotes pammae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="84">
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Figures 6-7. Metapleuron, lateral view. 6.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes maurus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maurus">Arotes maurus</taxonomicName>
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, 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Arotes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arotes melleus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melleus">Arotes melleus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSection>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |