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<document id="23F656345BE11879F6D08C96245654A6" ID-CLB-Dataset="264111" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2023.863.2081" ID-GBIF-Dataset="59ed2548-4c91-4485-ae44-08609e1028bb" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7767958" ID-ZooBank="10981377-CCE7-4487-A415-4E409E55A507" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1679676818438" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gibbs, David" docDate="2023" docId="EE3F8791FF964C2AFE143BBDD6ADE59B" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-863_1-162.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 863 (1)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/10981377-cce7-4487-a415-4e409e55a507" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parageron orientalis Paramonov 1929, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="1206FFE9FFB84C1BFFEA3D18D57BE31F" masterDocTitle="A world review of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) - Part 3: Parageron Paramonov s. lat." masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1699477371262" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="2F0680507692426DED963F03BC328C0E">A world review of the bee fly tribe Usiini (Diptera, Bombyliidae) - Part 3: Parageron Paramonov s. lat.</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="866F62D2793DF2A3B9CDA2DF49AD3CF6">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8CFAA888563A984159C6C9F4DBA98110">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="EE3F8791FF964C2AFE143BBDD6ADE59B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8291020" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212472466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8291020" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE3F8791FF964C2AFE143BBDD6ADE59B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE3F8791FF964C2AFE143BBDD6ADE59B" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF964C35FE143BBDD14DE5DF" box="[510,1078,1701,1728]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="66293687FF964C35FE143BBDD14DE5DF" blockId="46.[510,1078,1701,1762]" box="[510,1078,1701,1728]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="3D6181EBFF964C35FE143BBDD14DE5DF" box="[510,1078,1701,1728]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF964C35FE143BBDD6B7E5A0" ID-CoL="4CVNW" authority="Paramonov, 1929" authorityName="Paramonov" authorityYear="1929" box="[510,972,1701,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Parageron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF964C35FE143BBDD783E5DF" bold="true" box="[510,760,1701,1728]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parageron orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FF964C35FD153BBED6B7E5A0" author="Paramonov S. J." box="[767,972,1701,1728]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="65 - 225" refId="ref74908" refString="Paramonov S. J. 1929. Beitrage zur Monographie einiger Bombyliiden-Gattungen (Diptera). Trudy Fizychno-Matematychnogo Viddil Ukrains'ka Akademiya Nauk 11 (1): 65 - 225." type="journal article" year="1929">Paramonov, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FD157EEFF964C35FC393BBED14DE5DF" box="[979,1078,1702,1728]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF964C35FD233BD0D611E5FD" box="[713,874,1736,1762]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="66293687FF964C35FD233BD0D611E5FD" blockId="46.[510,1078,1701,1762]" box="[713,874,1736,1762]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<figureCitation id="FEAD2A02FF964C35FD233BD0D668E5FD" box="[713,787,1736,1762]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1996,2022]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,831,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-153@9.[189,1398,805,1950]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Parageron orientalis Paramonov, 1929 stat. rev., ♂." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7767964" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7767964/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FEAD2A02FF964C35FCCB3BD0D63AE5FD" box="[801,833,1736,1762]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,894,920]" captionTargetBox="[370,1217,266,855]" captionTargetId="figure-124@26.[370,1217,266,855]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 27. Parageron orientalis Paramonov, 1929 stat. rev., ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8290992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8290992/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FEAD2A02FF964C35FCA73BD0D611E5FD" box="[845,874,1736,1762]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[249,1344,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-17@48.[242,1345,265,1883]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 38. Parageron orientalis Paramonov, 1929 stat. rev. a. Epiphallic complex ventral. b. Epiphallic complex lateral. c. Gonocoxite ventral. d. Gonocoxite lateral. e. Epandrium dorsal. f. Epandrium lateral. g. Female genitalia ventral. h. Female sternite 8 ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7768004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7768004/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">38</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF964C35FF573A12D671E43B" box="[189,778,1802,1828]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="66293687FF964C35FF573A12D671E43B" blockId="46.[189,778,1802,1828]" box="[189,778,1802,1828]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="468611A9FF964C35FF573A12D671E43B" box="[189,778,1802,1828]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<treatmentCitation id="E7371096FF964C35FF573A12D7BDE43B" author="Paramonov S. J." box="[189,710,1802,1828]" page="189" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1929">
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF964C35FF573A12D7BDE43B" ID-CoL="4CVNW" authority="Paramonov, 1929: 189" authorityName="Paramonov" authorityPageNumber="189" authorityYear="1929" box="[189,710,1802,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Parageron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF964C35FF573A12D4C9E43B" box="[189,434,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parageron orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FF964C35FE503A12D7BDE43B" author="Paramonov S. J." box="[442,710,1802,1828]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="65 - 225" refId="ref74908" refString="Paramonov S. J. 1929. Beitrage zur Monographie einiger Bombyliiden-Gattungen (Diptera). Trudy Fizychno-Matematychnogo Viddil Ukrains'ka Akademiya Nauk 11 (1): 65 - 225." type="journal article" year="1929">Paramonov, 1929: 189</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(127).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF964C34FF573A53D653E151" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="66293687FF964C35FF573A53D43FE47A" blockId="46.[189,324,1867,1893]" box="[189,324,1867,1893]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="3D6181EBFF964C35FF573A53D43FE47A" bold="true" box="[189,324,1867,1893]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="3">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF964C35FF573A53D43FE47A" bold="true" box="[189,324,1867,1893]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF964C35FF573A62D677E48B" blockId="46.[189,780,1914,1940]" box="[189,780,1914,1940]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
From Latin ‘
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF964C35FEB93A62D4D6E48C" box="[339,429,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">orientis</emphasis>
’ meaning ‘morning’ or ‘east’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF573C11D7C9E23B" blockId="47.[189,690,265,292]" box="[189,690,265,292]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF974C34FF573C11D417E23C" bold="true" box="[189,364,265,291]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type material</emphasis>
(not examined, photo only)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF003C20D427E24D" blockId="47.[189,1398,312,408]" box="[234,348,312,338]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF974C34FF003C20D427E24D" bold="true" box="[234,348,312,338]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<typeStatus id="B92D8825FF974C34FF003C20D427E24D" box="[234,348,312,338]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF573C43D030E287" blockId="47.[189,1398,312,408]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="D6FE3CDAFF974C34FF573C43D030E287" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4401245410" collectingDate="1926-07-10" country="Turkmenistan" location="TURKMENISTAN" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF974C34FF573C43D4D9E26A" box="[189,418,347,373]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">TURKMENISTAN</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="7090FD0EFF974C34FE513C43D4AFE26A" box="[443,468,347,373]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
; “Bachaselin, piap., Askhabad, Transcaspia,
<date id="12281047FF974C34FC0B3C43D103E26A" box="[993,1144,347,373]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1926-07-10">
<collectingDate id="026CE9AFFF974C34FC0B3C43D103E26A" box="[993,1144,347,373]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1926-07-10">10 July 1926</collectingDate>
</date>
/
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF974C34FB6B3C43D00DE26A" authority="Gibbs, 2023" authorityName="Gibbs" authorityYear="2023" box="[1153,1398,347,373]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Parageron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF974C34FB6B3C43D00DE26A" box="[1153,1398,347,373]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Parageron orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FD157EEFF974C34FF573C66D47EE287" box="[189,261,382,408]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">n.gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
et sp
<specimenCount id="7090FD0EFF974C34FEA03C66D41BE287" box="[330,352,382,408]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="B92D8825FF974C34FE8D3C66D4D5E287" box="[359,430,382,408]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Typus</typeStatus>
Paramonov/N276.”; SIKZ. [Good quality photos only from Valery Korneyev.]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF573CA7D482E2C6" blockId="47.[189,505,447,473]" box="[189,505,447,473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="3D6181EBFF974C34FF573CA7D482E2C6" bold="true" box="[189,505,447,473]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="3">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF974C34FF573CA7D482E2C6" bold="true" box="[189,505,447,473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Other material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF573CF6D653E151" blockId="47.[189,1398,494,591]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="D6FE3CDAFF974C34FF573CF6D73DE134" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4401245561" collectingDate="2009-06-13" collectionCode="PCDG" country="Iran" elevation="1512" latitude="36.34722" location="IRAN" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="50.07083" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF974C34FF573CF6D47EE117" box="[189,261,494,520]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">IRAN</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="7090FD0EFF974C34FECC3CF6D421E117" box="[294,346,494,520]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; “Ghazvin, Barajin
<quantity id="A16E9B62FF974C34FDBA3CF6D7FFE117" box="[592,644,494,520]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="km" value="8.0">8km</quantity>
N of city,
<quantity id="A16E9B62FF974C34FCF83CF6D61DE116" box="[786,870,494,521]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.512" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1512.0">
<elevation id="EDBBD1B4FF974C34FCF83CF6D61DE116" box="[786,870,494,521]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.512" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1512.0">1512m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="03A25040FF974C34FC9C3CF6D17DE116" box="[886,1030,494,521]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="15" seconds="50" value="36.34722">N36°20’50”</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="03A25040FF974C34FBF83CF6D1F4E116" box="[1042,1167,494,521]" degrees="50" direction="east" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="15" seconds="15" value="50.07083">E50°4’15”</geoCoordinate>
<date id="12281047FF974C34FB713CF6D03AE117" box="[1179,1345,494,520]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2009-06-13">
<collectingDate id="026CE9AFFF974C34FB713CF6D03AE117" box="[1179,1345,494,520]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2009-06-13">13 June 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectingMethod id="BFD74E90FF974C34FAA63CF6D590E133" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pan trap</collectingMethod>
Leg. Babak Gharali”;
<collectionCode id="0087AE42FF974C34FE123F09D73DE134" box="[504,582,529,555]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">PCDG</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="D6FE3CDAFF974C34FD8B3F09D65FE151" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4401245327" collectingDate="2009-06-30" collectionCode="PCDG" country="Iran" elevation="339" latitude="36.666668" longLatPrecision="1186" longitude="49.416668" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="7090FD0EFF974C34FD8B3F09D7F5E133" box="[609,654,529,556]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; “Tarom City, Olive research station,
<geoCoordinate id="03A25040FF974C34FBBA3F09D1C8E134" box="[1104,1203,529,555]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="36.666668">N36°40’</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="03A25040FF974C34FB513F09D064E133" box="[1211,1311,529,556]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="49.416668">E49°25’</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="A16E9B62FF974C34FAC63F09D009E134" box="[1324,1394,529,555]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3899999999999997" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="339.0">
<elevation id="EDBBD1B4FF974C34FAC63F09D009E134" box="[1324,1394,529,555]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3899999999999997" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="339.0">339m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="12281047FF974C34FF573F2CD426E151" box="[189,349,564,591]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2009-06-30">
<collectingDate id="026CE9AFFF974C34FF573F2CD426E151" box="[189,349,564,591]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2009-06-30">30 June 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="BFD74E90FF974C34FE823F2DD4B0E150" box="[360,459,565,591]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pan trap</collectingMethod>
, Leg Babak Gharali”;
<collectionCode id="0087AE42FF974C34FD383F2CD65FE151" box="[722,804,564,590]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">PCDG</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF974C2AFF573F6DD4C5E723" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF573F6DD410E190" blockId="47.[189,363,629,655]" box="[189,363,629,655]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF974C34FF573F6DD410E190" bold="true" box="[189,363,629,655]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF573FBDD6C2E1A0" blockId="47.[189,953,676,703]" box="[189,953,676,703]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
MEASUREMENTS. Body length: 6.0 mm. Wing length:
<quantity id="A16E9B62FF974C34FCCF3FBCD6CEE1A0" box="[805,949,676,703]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="3.95" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.4">3.4–4.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF573FFED608E03C" blockId="47.[189,1399,742,803]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
Very little variation in the
<specimenCount id="7090FD0EFF974C34FE163FFED7C1E01F" box="[508,698,742,768]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
examined. Descriptions from pinned specimens recovered from spirit so colours my differ a little from fresh material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF003E52D451E07B" blockId="47.[188,1400,842,1478]" box="[234,298,842,868]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF974C34FF003E52D451E07B" bold="true" box="[234,298,842,868]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF573E75D72AE6D9" blockId="47.[188,1400,842,1478]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">HEAD. Gena relatively broad, at level of proboscis wider than depth of postpedicel, broadening out onto frons, entirely pale yellow in ground colour with thin coating of white dust, a slightly shinier border to the oral opening below. Frons in dorsal view acute, drawn into narrow point between eyes a few short silky-white hairs longer than the general pile. Eyes confluent for about twice the width across hind ocellus, about seven facets. Ocellar tubercle dark brown, more blackish adjacent to ocelli, thinly grey dusted, all ocelli narrowly but distinctly separated from eyes; a narrow, acute yellow triangle in front of front ocellus. Distinct, fairly long, very pale yellow proclinate hairs on ocellar tubercle at least twice as long as diameter of a lateral ocellus. Eye facets in the upper three fifths enlarged, at least twice the size of those in lower part, rather sharply demarcated. Occiput darker yellow than frons, infuscated above neck and along seams of occipital callosities, thinly whitish dusted and covered with fine white hairs longer than length of scape and pedicel combined. Antennae with scape and pedicel yellow, a little darker than frons, postpedicel variably brownish to brown-yellow a little darker than pedicel, significantly longer than scape and pedicel together. The tip of postpedicel simply pointed, almost devoid of hairs, subapical sulcus small and inconspicuous. Scape and pedicel with fine white hairs dorsally and externally. Palps small and slender, not swollen apically, pale yellow with short yellowish hairs. Proboscis relatively long, longer than femur and tibia combined, and about three times head length, yellow, labrum conspicuously swollen basally equal to twice width of pedicel, becoming darker apically, labium contrastingly black, the basoventral membrane yellow.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF5738F5D18CE446" blockId="47.[188,1400,1516,1881]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">THORAX. Yellow in ground colour, mesonotum with three broad black vittae, sometimes clearly but narrowly separated by yellow dorsocentral lines, the mid-vittae continuing back to the scutellum, antehumeral vittae shorter, all dulled by a coating of whitish-grey dust. On each side of the thorax are dust-free, velvety, roundish to elongate-oval black spots on the thoracic suture. Just behind the suture and above the wing base is a vague, roundish dark spot. Hairs of mesonotum very pale yellow, narrowly absent on paramedian vittae, otherwise evenly distributed, relatively short and uniform in length, longest about half length of scutellum, anteriorly reclinate to upright, in hind third proclinate. Scutellum yellow, a little paler than adjacent yellow parts of mesonotum, very pale yellow hairs very similar to those on mesonotum. Pleura yellow in ground colour, katepisternum black ventrally, meron black posteroventrally, anepisternum with a darker, brownish antero-ventral corner, all thinly white dusted. Pronotum and anepisternum with white hairs like those on notopleuron, other pleural sclerites hairless.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF974C34FF573A67D6EAE4C3" blockId="47.[188,1399,1919,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">WING. Membrane hyaline, the veins yellow, becoming browner distally and towards hind margin. Crossvein r-m at or a little before middle of the discal cell, well beyond m-cu. Anal lobe well developed with evenly convex margin, noticeably broader than anal cell.</paragraph>
<caption id="32E9660FFF884C2BFF573A90D635E4F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7768004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7768004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7768004/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[189,232,1928,1954]" targetBox="[249,1344,266,1872]" targetPageId="48">
<paragraph id="66293687FF884C2BFF573A90D635E4F7" blockId="48.[188,1399,1928,2025]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF884C2BFF573A90D467E4BD" bold="true" box="[189,284,1928,1954]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Fig. 38.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF884C2BFECF3A91D78EE4BD" authority="Paramonov, 1929" authorityName="Paramonov" authorityYear="1929" box="[293,757,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Parageron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF884C2BFECF3A91D766E4BD" box="[293,541,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Parageron orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FF884C2BFDCC3A90D78EE4BD" author="Paramonov S. J." box="[550,757,1928,1954]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="65 - 225" refId="ref74908" refString="Paramonov S. J. 1929. Beitrage zur Monographie einiger Bombyliiden-Gattungen (Diptera). Trudy Fizychno-Matematychnogo Viddil Ukrains'ka Akademiya Nauk 11 (1): 65 - 225." type="journal article" year="1929">Paramonov, 1929</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FD157EEFF884C2BFD143A90D618E4BD" box="[766,867,1928,1954]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF884C2BFC843A90D600E4BD" bold="true" box="[878,891,1928,1954]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">a</emphasis>
. Epiphallic complex ventral.
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF884C2BFB353A90D196E4BD" bold="true" box="[1247,1261,1928,1954]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">b</emphasis>
. Epiphallic complex lateral.
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF884C2BFE943AB3D4F0E4DA" bold="true" box="[382,395,1963,1989]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">c</emphasis>
. Gonocoxite ventral.
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF884C2BFD623AB3D7E3E4DA" bold="true" box="[648,664,1963,1989]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">d</emphasis>
. Gonocoxite lateral.
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF884C2BFC663AB3D6E2E4DA" bold="true" box="[908,921,1963,1989]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">e</emphasis>
. Epandrium dorsal.
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF884C2BFB6F3AB3D1F4E4DA" bold="true" box="[1157,1167,1963,1989]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">f</emphasis>
. Epandrium lateral.
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF884C2BFF563AD6D5B0E4F7" bold="true" box="[188,203,1998,2024]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">g</emphasis>
. Female genitalia ventral.
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF884C2BFDEE3AD6D76FE4F7" bold="true" box="[516,532,1998,2024]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">h</emphasis>
. Female sternite 8 ventral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF573C11D00CE23C" blockId="49.[189,1399,265,291]" box="[189,1399,265,291]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">HALTERE. Knob whitish with a faint yellow suffusion dorsally, stem yellowish, very slightly darker at base.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF563C51D016E2D7" blockId="49.[187,1399,329,456]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">LEGS. Predominantly yellow except for apical tarsal segments which become progressively darker to fifth segment. Hind coxae vaguely brown-marked basally. Claws yellow basally with well demarcated black apical half. Legs covered with short pale yellow hairs, longest on the coxae and femora, very short and adpressed on tibia and tarsi. Basal three tarsal segments and mid- and hind-tibia apically with black spicules ventrally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF563CF6D046E191" blockId="49.[188,1399,493,654]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">ABDOMEN. Basal tergite yellow with distinctly whiter apical margin, remaining tergites brown on disc, yellow apically and laterally. All tergites very pale yellow dusted, less densely than on mesonotum with mid-length pale hairs those on disc of mid-tergites about as long as the respective tergite, laterally hairs hardly longer, hairs tending to be distinctly curved towards the tip of the abdomen. Sternites similar but lacking dark brown colour basally but mostly creamy-yellow, hairing as tergites, or a little shorter.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF573FACD6C0E00E" blockId="49.[189,1399,692,785]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">GENITALIA. Mostly brownish yellow, gonocoxite basally a little darker, gonostyli darkened apically. Hairing similar to tergites but shorter. [Only dissected male available so colours of epandrium and gonocoxite may differ in dry specimens, dusting not discernible.]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF003E2FD43EE04E" blockId="49.[186,1400,823,1084]" box="[234,325,823,849]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF894C2AFF003E2FD43EE04E" bold="true" box="[234,325,823,849]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF573E41D4C5E723" blockId="49.[186,1400,823,1084]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Very like male in colour and patterning, but vestiture generally shorter on head, mesonotum and abdomen, most obviously so on tergites. Gena and mouth margin almost identical to male, but broadening more widely towards frons. Frons about one fifth to a quarter head width, conspicuously narrowing towards vertex, yellow centrally with some brown patches, paler yellow along eye margin anteriorly, hairs very short and largely adpressed. Ocellar triangle equilateral to slightly acute, hind ocelli separated from eye margin by about twice the diameter of that ocellus. Hairs on ocellar tubercle a little longer than those on adjacent part of frons.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF894C2AFF57397AD77EE508" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF57397AD454E763" blockId="49.[189,303,1122,1148]" box="[189,303,1122,1148]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="3D6181EBFF894C2AFF57397AD454E763" bold="true" box="[189,303,1122,1148]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="3">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF894C2AFF57397AD454E763" bold="true" box="[189,303,1122,1148]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF573997D049E66D" blockId="49.[188,1401,1167,1395]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FF894C2AFF573997D420E7B6" author="Engel E. O." box="[189,347,1167,1193]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="4" refId="ref74217" refString="Engel E. O. 1932. Bombyliidae. In: Lindner E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der palaarktischen Region. Vol. 4. pt. 3. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart." type="book chapter" year="1932">Engel (1932)</bibRefCitation>
synonymised this species with
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF894C2AFD0C3997D169E7B6" authority="Bezzi. He" authorityName="Bezzi. He" box="[742,1042,1167,1193]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Parageron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutescens">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF894C2AFD0C3997D6F5E7B6" box="[742,910,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Par. lutescens</emphasis>
Bezzi. He
</taxonomicName>
wrote that he had compared a female specimen borrowed from Paramonov with a female example of
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF894C2AFBEC39A9D1D3E7D5" box="[1030,1192,1200,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Parageron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutescens">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF894C2AFBEC39A9D1D3E7D5" box="[1030,1192,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Par. lutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sent by Professor Efflatoun Bey and concluded [translated from original German]: “It resembles the female
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF894C2AFB1239CBD4FCE611" authority="Param" authorityName="Paramonov" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Parageron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF894C2AFB1239CBD456E612" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Parageron orientalis</emphasis>
Param
</taxonomicName>
…..so completely that the identity of both species cannot be doubted”. In his work on the
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF894C2AFF01380DD448E630" authorityName=", Becker" authorityYear="1913" box="[235,307,1301,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Usiini">Usiini</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FF894C2AFED6380ED761E630" author="Paramonov S. J." box="[316,538,1301,1328]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="207 - 220" refId="ref74939" refString="Paramonov S. J. 1947. Uebersicht der mit der Gattung Usia Latr. (Bombyliidae, Diptera) naechstverwandten Gattungen. Eos 23: 207 - 220. Available from http: // hdl. handle. net / 10261 / 149924 [accessed 25 Jan. 2023]." type="journal article" year="1947">Paramonov (1947)</bibRefCitation>
stated that he considered this action to be premature, going on to point out several clear differences that
<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FF894C2AFDA5382FD791E64E" author="Engel E. O." box="[591,746,1335,1361]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="4" refId="ref74217" refString="Engel E. O. 1932. Bombyliidae. In: Lindner E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der palaarktischen Region. Vol. 4. pt. 3. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart." type="book chapter" year="1932">Engel (1932)</bibRefCitation>
seems to have dismissed. Unfortunately, Paramonov’s opinion was ignored and thus
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF894C2AFDF43841D7BEE66D" authorityName="Paramonov" authorityYear="1929" box="[542,709,1368,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Parageron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF894C2AFDF43841D7BEE66D" box="[542,709,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Par. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has remained a synonym since
<bibRefCitation id="02074B76FF894C2AFBD13840D1AFE66D" author="Engel E. O." box="[1083,1236,1368,1394]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="4" refId="ref74217" refString="Engel E. O. 1932. Bombyliidae. In: Lindner E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der palaarktischen Region. Vol. 4. pt. 3. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart." type="book chapter" year="1932">Engel (1932)</bibRefCitation>
sunk it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF573880D77EE508" blockId="49.[189,1399,1432,1559]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Had the male aedeagus been examined then this conflation could never have happened. On receiving specimens from
<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF894C2AFE6D38A2D4CDE6CB" box="[391,438,1466,1492]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
that were clearly identical in external appearance to the photos of the
<typeStatus id="B92D8825FF894C2AFACA38A2D028E6CB" box="[1312,1363,1466,1492]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF894C2AFF5738C4D41DE6EA" authorityName="Paramonov" authorityYear="1929" box="[189,358,1499,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Parageron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF894C2AFF5738C4D41DE6EA" box="[189,358,1499,1525]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Par. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Kiev, it was immediately apparent that this was not only a good species, but clearly distinct from
<taxonomicName id="A1964D04FF894C2AFEB138E6D485E508" box="[347,510,1533,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Parageron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutescens">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF894C2AFEB138E6D485E508" box="[347,510,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Par. lutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E8C650CFF894C2AFF573B24D6ADE59B" box="[189,982,1596,1668]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF573B24D42DE549" blockId="49.[189,342,1596,1622]" box="[189,342,1596,1622]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="3D6181EBFF894C2AFF573B24D42DE549" bold="true" box="[189,342,1596,1622]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="3">
<emphasis id="54E2EA95FF894C2AFF573B24D42DE549" bold="true" box="[189,342,1596,1622]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="66293687FF894C2AFF573B72D6ADE59B" blockId="49.[189,982,1642,1668]" box="[189,982,1642,1668]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Northern
<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF894C2AFEC43B72D41BE59B" box="[302,352,1642,1668]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
, southern
<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF894C2AFE323B72D71FE59B" box="[472,612,1642,1668]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF894C2AFD853B72D66AE59B" box="[623,785,1642,1668]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="1E817617FF894C2AFCA03B72D6A9E59B" box="[842,978,1642,1668]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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