398 lines
48 KiB
XML
398 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="2F09C13E76466EB88C62DF8C2FBB68FD" ID-CLB-Dataset="287323" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2cb8a491-a9fa-4a9e-83b2-36a947499e3b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10603821" ID-ZooBank="BAA61041-2F4E-48BB-8E19-BD67CB5532E6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1706774653656" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vermeij, Geerat J." docDate="2024" docId="EE383C17FFADFF8AFF48FD0DFA40FC44" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5405.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5405 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Vasidae , Abbott 1950" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="528" masterDocId="1201446FFFACFF88FFDFFFBFFFDCFF8B" masterDocTitle="Shell-based genus-level reclassification of the Family Vasidae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda)" masterLastPageNumber="544" masterPageNumber="526" pageNumber="527" updateTime="1707145470244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C618FF27FF68D52A7567767DFC41308E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BC843059F4140A338794BE3E7097F4D6">
|
||
<mods:title id="5EB7614D13574F781A58780CB7DFCFE7">Shell-based genus-level reclassification of the Family Vasidae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="1C2B381079B530DD716D75154E0C99F2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C91B504A2020A343FC5D848A09F93EED">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C0AD8B0827C94AED32112E6C106CA5BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B248E925EA621384A46B8A2E87ABB123">Vermeij, Geerat J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="D1956593B7D9E61E736F0FD65402ABDB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="94408219BDF2246B19B527EB08967FFB" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F62B029D51FF233C2583C35135CD3308">
|
||
<mods:title id="9A384232CDEAF8C504229DCE22A290FA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6BD894FE1528D6F8487B4EDC7E796F6B">
|
||
<mods:date id="CA2FEB045A716C8825847F09B2561B53">2024</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="545DE8E7851DBEC5DB3C5FA0FC860D48" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="01592B3D782F79EA054180A996D5581E">2024-02-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9F45BA39B02E35C00B8F3442E5E9DB28" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="B66992D27B762FFD89ACA8018F879916">5405</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8B7077D978EDC0E650FD942131FE62D1" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="D0EEC240E43E07B58F6C34D6A1DB7660">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="72F4BE9BC5E8A6D1C77ADEBE75F02BE9" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="E0A76514F1DCFEB980DD14921F11234C">526</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="82C59EDD6AC2F763EEE38E9693FF193E">544</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="314F94051CC97AF5E68B9C54E66EEE03">
|
||
<mods:url id="13104CDCE3995EFE49702335A32181E4">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.3</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="55267D43FCCF64608FA450AB4B7B7C41">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0531C33025CD2F7A47EA521A20CF6502" type="CLB-Dataset">287323</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5F948AAED180E31D111AFDBFBDF84E13" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5405.4.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FD0BC77C1F3A5095E2E311C5306FD97C" type="GBIF-Dataset">2cb8a491-a9fa-4a9e-83b2-36a947499e3b</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BC8D96CE3F1CB5066C561574497CAF36" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2E464A8517536440638591E4F7DA260E" type="Zenodo-Dep">10603821</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="637E22F02E9A883DD24462C9137075EC" type="ZooBank">BAA61041-2F4E-48BB-8E19-BD67CB5532E6</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="EE383C17FFADFF8AFF48FD0DFA40FC44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10619703" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10619703" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE383C17FFADFF8AFF48FD0DFA40FC44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE383C17FFADFF8AFF48FD0DFA40FC44" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">
|
||
<subSubSection id="2E8BDE8AFFADFF89FF48FD0DFD82FD47" box="[151,606,690,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFADFF89FF48FD0DFD82FD47" blockId="1.[151,606,690,717]" box="[151,606,690,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">
|
||
<heading id="3D663A6DFFADFF89FF48FD0DFD82FD47" bold="true" box="[151,606,690,717]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FF48FD0DFD82FD47" bold="true" box="[151,606,690,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FF29FD0DFE8BFD47" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[246,343,690,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Vasidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
H. & A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FE1BFD0DFD82FD47" author="Adams, H. & Adams, A." box="[452,606,690,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" refId="ref9941" refString="Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853) The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. Vol. I. John Van Voorst, London, 484 pp." type="book" year="1853">Adams 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2E8BDE8AFFADFF89FF48FD45FD46FC42" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFADFF89FF48FD45FD46FC42" blockId="1.[151,1437,762,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FF48FD45FECEFC9F" bold="true" box="[151,274,762,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Shell medium to large in size, length
|
||
<quantity id="A16920E4FFADFF89FD0CFD45FCA7FC9E" box="[723,891,762,789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.25" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" unit="mm" value="127.5" valueMax="230.0" valueMin="25.0">25 to 230 mm</quantity>
|
||
, usually thick and solid; when fully expressed, sculpture consisting of rounded axial ribs bearing one or more rows of tubercles or spines on upper part of last whorl; basal sculpture consisting of two or more spiral rows of shorter spines of tubercles; upper and basal sets of spines separated by sector with spiral cords, which may be noded or smooth; adult outer lip with crenulated polished edge, its inner side smooth or with variably long spiral lirae; inner lip with three to five symmetrical columellar folds; siphonal canal moderately to very long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2E8BDE8AFFADFF8AFF18FC6CFD43FE02" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFADFF89FF18FC6CFE43FBF6" blockId="1.[151,1437,762,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FF18FC6CFEE7FC66" bold="true" box="[199,315,979,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FE1DFC6CFDC5FC66" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[450,537,979,1005]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Vasidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises a compact group of Late Eocene to Recent neogastropods with ornate shells. Traditionally the group has often been considered to be a subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FC38FC48FBE2FB9A" authorityName="H. Adams & A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[999,1086,1015,1041]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Vasinae">Vasinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FBBBFC48FB21FB9A" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1835" box="[1124,1277,1015,1041]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Turbinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FAEBFC48FEF8FBBE" author="Lemarcis, T. & Fedosov, A. E. & Kantor, Y. I. & Abdelkrim, J. & Zaharias, P. & Puillandre, N." pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="550 - 561" refId="ref11626" refString="Lemarcis, T., Fedosov, A. E., Kantor, Y. I., Abdelkrim, J., Zaharias, P. & Puillandre, N. (2022) Neogastropod (Mollusca, Gastropoda) phylogeny: a step forward with mitogenomes. Zoologica Scripta, 51, 550 - 561. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12552" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Lemarcis
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FF48FBA4FF16FBBE" box="[151,202,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed with molecular evidence that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FD04FBA4FCEEFBBE" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[731,818,1051,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Vasidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FCB4FBA4FBDDFBBE" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1835" box="[875,1025,1051,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Turbinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to separate, distantly related clades, which also differ anatomically (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FD93FB80FD01FBD2" author="Kantor, Y. I." box="[588,733,1087,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="221 - 230" refId="ref11357" refString="Kantor, Y. I. (1996) Phylogeny and relationships of Neogastropoda. In: Taylor, J. D. (Ed.), Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 221 - 230. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oso / 9780198549802.003.0019" type="book chapter" year="1996">Kantor 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FD37FB80FC2DFBD2" author="Medinskaya, A. I. & Harasewych, M. G. & Kantor, Y. I." box="[744,1009,1087,1113]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="131 - 138" refId="ref12058" refString="Medinskaya, A. I., Harasewych, M. G. & Kantor, Y. I. (1996) On the anatomy of Vasum muricatum (Born, 1778) (Neogastropoda, Turbinellidae). Ruthenica, 5, 131 - 138." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Medinskaya
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FCA8FB80FC74FBD2" box="[887,936,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is therefore appropriate to treat the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FF48FBDCFF32FBF6" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,238,1123,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Vasidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
at family level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFADFF89FF18FB38FDABFABA" blockId="1.[151,1437,762,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">
|
||
The prevailing consensus holds that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FD5DFB38FD05FB2A" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[642,729,1159,1185]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Vasidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises five genera:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FC3EFB38FB37FB2A" authority="Hedley, 1914" authorityName="Hedley" authorityYear="1914" box="[993,1259,1159,1185]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Altivasum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FC3EFB38FB8DFB2A" box="[993,1105,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Altivasum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FB88FB38FB37FB2A" author="Hedley, C." box="[1111,1259,1159,1185]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="65 - 74" refId="ref11183" refString="Hedley, C. (1914) Mollusca. Zoological Results of the fishing experiments carried on by F. I. S. " Endeavor " 1909 - 10, under H. C. Dannevig, Commonwealth Director of Fisheries, 2 (2) 65 - 74." type="journal article" year="1914">Hedley, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from temperate
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E86CD91FFADFF89FF48FB14FEDDFB4E" box="[151,257,1195,1221]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FED2FB14FD4CFB4E" authority="Olsson & Petit, 1964" authorityName="Olsson & Petit" authorityYear="1964" box="[269,656,1195,1221]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Hystrivasum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FED2FB14FE47FB4F" box="[269,411,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Hystrivasum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FE7DFB14FD4CFB4E" author="Olsson, A. A. & Petit, R. E." box="[418,656,1195,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="509 - 574" refId="ref12333" refString="Olsson, A. A. & Petit, R. E. (1964) Some Neogene Mollusca from Florida and the Carolinas. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 47, 509 - 574." type="journal article" year="1964">Olsson & Petit, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Florida,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FB40FB14FEF6FB62" authority="Rehder & Abbott, 1951" authorityName="Rehder & Abbott" authorityYear="1951" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Siphovasum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FB40FB14FAFAFB4E" box="[1183,1318,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Siphovasum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FAF1FB14FEF6FB62" author="Rehder, H. A. & Abbott, R. T." pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="53 - 66" refId="ref12859" refString="Rehder, H. A. & Abbott, R. T. (1951) Some new and interesting mollusks from the deeper waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Reviseta de la Sociedad Malacologica " Carlos de la Torre ", 8 (2), 53 - 66." type="journal article" year="1951">Rehder & Abbott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Gulf of Mexico,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FD93FB70FC07FB62" authority="Rosenberg & Petit, 1987" authorityName="Rosenberg & Petit" authorityYear="1987" box="[588,987,1231,1257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Tudivasum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FD93FB70FD19FB62" box="[588,709,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Tudivasum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FD14FB70FC07FB62" author="Rosenberg, G. & Petit, R. E." box="[715,987,1231,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="53 - 64" refId="ref12956" refString="Rosenberg, G. & Petit, R. E. (1987) Ryckholt's Melanges Paleontologiques, 1851 - 1862, with a new name for Tudicula H. and A. Adams, non Ryckholt. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 139, 53 - 64." type="journal article" year="1987">Rosenberg & Petit, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E86CD91FFADFF89FBC4FB70FB5EFB62" box="[1051,1154,1231,1257]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E86CD91FFADFF89FB69FB70FAC7FB62" box="[1206,1307,1231,1257]" name="Tanzania" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FA8CFB70FEF5FA86" authority="Roding 1798" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Vasum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FA8CFB70FA40FB63" box="[1363,1436,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Vasum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FF48FB4CFEF5FA86" author="Roding, F." box="[151,297,1267,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" refId="ref12911" refString="Roding, F. (1798) Museum Boltenianum, catalogus cimiliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim colegerat Joa. Frid. Bolten, M. D. pd. Pars secunda. J. Christi, Trappii, Hamburg, 199 pp." type="book" year="1798">Röding 1798</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from throughout the tropics. The subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FCCAFB4CFBEAFA86" authority="Abbott, 1950" authorityName="Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[789,1078,1266,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Globivasum">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FCCAFB4CFC40FA86" box="[789,924,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Globivasum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FC7DFB4CFBEAFA86" author="Abbott, R. T." box="[930,1078,1266,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="201 - 219" refId="ref9820" refString="Abbott, R. T. (1950) The genera Xancus and Vasum in the western Atlantic. Johnsonia, 2, 201 - 219." type="journal article" year="1950">Abbott, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was considered a synonym of a broadly construed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FEB7FAA8FE6DFABB" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[360,433,1303,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Vasum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FEB7FAA8FE6DFABB" box="[360,433,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Vasum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Vokes (1966).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFADFF89FF18FA84FE04F9DA" blockId="1.[151,1437,762,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">
|
||
As in other neogastropods, the shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FD4EFA84FD34FADE" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[657,744,1339,1365]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Vasidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is divisible into three sectors: an adapical sector, extending from the suture to the last whorl’s periphery; a central sector of the last whorl; and an abapical sector centered on the siphonal canal and adjacent basal portion of the last whorl. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FCBDFA3CFBDDFA16" author="Vermeij, G. J." box="[866,1025,1411,1437]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="41 - 54" refId="ref13385" refString="Vermeij, G. J. (2002) Characters in context: molluscan shells and the forces that mold them. Paleobiology, 28, 41 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 0094 - 8373 (2002) 028 % 3 C 0041: CICMSA % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Vermeij 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FB6FFA3CFAD6FA16" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[1200,1290,1411,1437]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Vasidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the abapical sector comprises the siphonal canal and the two or more spiral rows of basal spines or tubercles on the shell exterior as well as the columellar folds on the adaxial wall of the aperture. The adapical sector is nearly always characterized by one or two rows of spines or tubercles. Between the adapical and abapical sectors, the shell exterior bears spiral cords, which are often marked by small scales or tubercles. There is considerable variation in the relative sizes of the three sectors of the shell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFADFF8AFF18F9E4FA4EFF5E" blockId="1.[151,1437,762,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="528" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">
|
||
The presence of basal spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FDC6F9E4FDACF9FE" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[537,624,1627,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Vasidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shared with three other neogastropod groups:the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FB7DF9E4FAC9F9FE" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1186,1301,1627,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Muricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Muricinae, some Coralliophilinae, some Ergalataxinae and Muricopsinae),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FC83F9C0FC20F912" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1871" box="[860,1020,1663,1689]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Melongenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(especially in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FAC8F9C0FA49F912" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[1303,1429,1663,1689]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" genus="Melongena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FAC8F9C0FA49F912" box="[1303,1429,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Melongena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FF48F91CFEF7F936" authorityName="Olsson & Harbison" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,299,1699,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Echinofulguridae" genus="Echinofulgur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FF48F91CFEF7F936" box="[151,299,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Echinofulgur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FEE8F91CFE4BF936" authorityName="Olsson & Harbison" authorityYear="1953" box="[311,407,1699,1725]" class="Gastropoda" genus="Rexmela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FEE8F91CFE4BF936" box="[311,407,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Rexmela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FE7CF91CFDD7F936" authorityName="Roth" authorityYear="1981" box="[419,523,1699,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" genus="Torquifer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FE7CF91CFDD7F936" box="[419,523,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Torquifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FD9BF91CFD08F936" authorityName="Olsson" authorityYear="1967" box="[580,724,1699,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" genus="Tropochasca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FD9BF91CFD08F936" box="[580,724,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Tropochasca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FCC8F91CFC61F936" authorityName="Tomlin" authorityYear="1928" box="[791,957,1699,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Columbariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(especially in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FB84F91CFB2BF936" authorityName="E. von Martens" authorityYear="1881" box="[1115,1271,1699,1725]" class="Gastropoda" family="Columbariidae" genus="Columbarium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FB84F91CFB2BF936" box="[1115,1271,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Columbarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FAD3F91CFA44F936" author="Merle, D." box="[1292,1432,1699,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="69 - 91" refId="ref12106" refString="Merle, D. (2001) The spiral cords and the internal denticles of the outer lip in the Muricidae: terminology and methodological comments. Novapex, 2, 69 - 91." type="journal article" year="2001">Merle (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FF48F979FF0DF96A" author="Merle, D." box="[151,209,1734,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="366 - 379" refId="ref12141" refString="Merle, D. (2005) Spiral cords of the Muricidae (Gastropoda, Neogastropoda): importance of ontogenetic and topological correspondences for delineating structural homologies. Lethaia, 38, 366 - 379. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00241160500355129" type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) showed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FEBDF978FE09F96A" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[354,469,1735,1761]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Muricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that these spines are part of a sculptural zone that differs from the more adapical spiral arrangement of cords and tubercles on the last whorl. Although all these families lack columellar folds,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FAF8F954FF3EF8A2" author="Cossmann, M." pageId="1" pageNumber="527" refId="ref10330" refString="Cossmann, M. (1901) Essai de paleoconchologie comparee. Vol. 4. M. Cossmann, Paris, 293 pp." type="book" year="1901">Cossmann (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FEC6F8B0FE1BF8A2" author="Douville, H." box="[281,455,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="113 - 170" refId="ref10537" refString="Douville, H. (1920) L'Eocene au Soudan et au Senegal. Bulletin du Commite d'etudes Historiques et Scientifiques de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise, 113, 113 - 170." type="journal article" year="1920">Douvillé (1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FE0DF8B0FDD0F8A2" author="Douville, H." box="[466,524,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref10569" refString="Douville, H. (1921) Melanges paleontologiques: genre Eovasum, Glauconiidae, Pleuroceratidae, Pyrenidae, genre Itruvia, Journal de Conchyliologie, 66, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1921">1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFADFF89FDC6F8B0FD8EF8A2" author="Douville, H." box="[537,594,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" pagination="27 - 73" refId="ref10601" refString="Douville, H. (1929) Les couches a Cardita beaumonti dans le Sind. Fascicule II. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 19 (3), 27 - 73." type="journal article" year="1929">1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) inferred a close relationship among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FC2AF8B0FB57F8A2" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1835" box="[1013,1163,1807,1833]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Turbinellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FAD3F8B0FAB9F8A2" authorityName="H. Adams & A. Adams" authorityYear="1853" box="[1292,1381,1807,1833]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Vasinae">Vasinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FF48F88CFEE6F8C6" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,314,1843,1869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Melongenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, implying homology and conservation of the basal spines. Early melongenids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FAFDF88CFA49F8C6" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1853" box="[1314,1429,1843,1869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" genus="Cornulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FAFDF88CFA49F8C6" box="[1314,1429,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Cornulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FF48F8E8FED3F8FA" authorityName="Cox" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,271,1879,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" genus="Sycostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FF48F8E8FED3F8FA" box="[151,271,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Sycostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FE38F8E8FD9BF8FA" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[487,583,1879,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" genus="Pugilina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FE38F8E8FD9BF8FA" box="[487,583,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Pugilina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FD0EF8E8FCEDF8FA" authorityName="Schumacher" authorityYear="1817" box="[721,817,1879,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" genus="Pugilina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FD0EF8E8FCEDF8FA" box="[721,817,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Pugilina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FCE0F8E8FC69F8FA" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1840" box="[831,949,1879,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" genus="Hemifusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FCE0F8E8FC69F8FA" box="[831,949,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Hemifusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FC1CF8E8FB96F8FA" authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1943" box="[963,1098,1879,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" genus="Saginafusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FC1CF8E8FB96F8FA" box="[963,1098,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Saginafusus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFADFF89FB58F8E8FB29F8FA" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1938" box="[1159,1269,1879,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Melongenidae" genus="Volegalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="527" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFADFF89FB58F8E8FB29F8FA" box="[1159,1269,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="527">Volegalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) lack the basal spines even when peripheral tubercles are often expressed in these taxa. This circumstance, together with the fact that early columbariids and turbinellids also lack basal spines, implies that the basal spines in the families under consideration evolved independently from a condition in which basal spiral cords are stronger than those on more adapical sectors of the shell. Such highly expressed basal cords are very widespread among neogastropods including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFF48FF04FE6CFF5E" authority=", Conoidea" authorityName="Conoidea" box="[151,432,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudolividae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pseudolividae, Conoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFE63FF04FDBDFF5E" authorityName="Cossmann" authorityYear="1901" box="[444,609,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Strepsiduridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Strepsiduridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFDB4FF04FCD7FF5E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1853" box="[619,779,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Fasciolariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFCC9FF04FC40FF5E" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1916" box="[790,924,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Nassariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Nassariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFC79FF04FBC8FF5E" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[934,1044,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Volutidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Volutidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFB90FF04FB73FF5E" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1831" box="[1103,1199,187,213]" class="Gastropoda" family="Mitridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Mitridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFAEFF8AFB35FF04FA59FF5E" author="Vermeij, G. J." box="[1258,1413,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" pagination="53 - 84" refId="ref13360" refString="Vermeij, G. J. (1998) Generic revision of the neogastropod family Pseudolividae. Nautilus, 111, 53 - 84." type="journal article" year="1998">Vermeij 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF18FF60FD43FE02" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
Although columellar folds such as those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFD75FF60FCDDFF72" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[682,769,223,249]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Vasidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be topographically linked to external basal spines or cords, the above discussion shows that those external basal features often develop in the absence of columellar folds, and that folds can develop in the absence of basal external sculpture. This independence implies separate genetic and developmental controls on the expression of external and internal sculptural features on the abapical sector of the shell’s last whorl (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0200F0F0FFAEFF8AFE2BFED0FD4FFE02" author="Vermeij, G. J." box="[500,659,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" pagination="41 - 54" refId="ref13385" refString="Vermeij, G. J. (2002) Characters in context: molluscan shells and the forces that mold them. Paleobiology, 28, 41 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 0094 - 8373 (2002) 028 % 3 C 0041: CICMSA % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Vermeij 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2E8BDE8AFFAEFF8AFF48FE64FA40FC44" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF48FE64FE11FE7F" blockId="2.[151,461,474,501]" box="[151,461,474,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<heading id="3D663A6DFFAEFF8AFF48FE64FE11FE7F" bold="true" box="[151,461,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF48FE64FE11FE7F" bold="true" box="[151,461,474,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
Key to genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFEB3FE65FE11FE7F" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[364,461,474,500]" class="Gastropoda" family="Vasidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Vasidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<key id="1200DA30FFAEFF8AFF48FDA0FA40FC44" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF48FDA0FA40FDD9" blockId="2.[151,1437,543,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyLead id="DD602E34FFAEFF8AFF48FDA0FA40FDD9" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyStep id="DD6595A4FFAEFF8AFF48FDA0FA40FDD9" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF48FDA0FF7FFDBF" bold="true" box="[151,163,543,564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">1</emphasis>
|
||
Siphonal canal long, narrow, ventrally closed near distal end, axial ribs high and long, spines absent, outer and inner lips flared and forming continuous peristome posteriorly—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFD6DFD82FCFAFDD9" authorityName="Rehder & Abbott" authorityYear="1951" box="[690,806,573,594]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Siphovasum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFD6DFD82FCFAFDD9" box="[690,806,573,594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Siphovasum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; spire high or low, siphonal canal open....................
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFA4FFD82FA40FDD9" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,573,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">2</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF48FDE5FA40FD06" blockId="2.[151,1437,543,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyLead id="DD602E34FFAEFF8AFF48FDE5FA40FD06" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyStep id="DD6595A4FFAEFF8AFF48FDE5FA40FD06" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<specimenCount id="70974688FFAEFF8AFF48FDE5FEC5FDFB" box="[151,281,602,624]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" type="adult">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF48FDE5FF7FFDE4" bold="true" box="[151,163,602,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">2</emphasis>
|
||
Adult
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
outer lip glazed at edge and on abapertural side........................................................
|
||
<specimenCount id="70974688FFAEFF8AFA4FFDE5FECEFD05" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" type="adult">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFA4FFDE5FA40FDE4" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,602,623]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">3</emphasis>
|
||
adult
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
outer lip glazed only at edge........................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFA4FFDC7FA40FD06" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,632,653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">7</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF48FD2AFA40FD21" blockId="2.[151,1437,543,976]" box="[151,1436,661,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyLead id="DD602E34FFAEFF8AFF48FD2AFA40FD21" box="[151,1436,661,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyStep id="DD6595A4FFAEFF8AFF48FD2AFA40FD21" box="[151,1436,661,683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF48FD2AFF7FFD21" bold="true" box="[151,163,661,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">3</emphasis>
|
||
Umbilicus absent—
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFE7EFD2AFE71FD21" bold="true" box="[417,429,661,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">6</emphasis>
|
||
; umbilicus present...................................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFA4FFD2AFA40FD21" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,661,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">4</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF48FD0DFA40FD6E" blockId="2.[151,1437,543,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyLead id="DD602E34FFAEFF8AFF48FD0DFA40FD6E" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyStep id="DD6595A4FFAEFF8AFF48FD0DFA40FD6E" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF48FD0DFF7FFD4C" bold="true" box="[151,163,690,711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">4</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A45543E3FFAEFF8AFF3DFD0DFECAFD43" box="[226,278,690,712]" country="Haiti" name="Sud-Est" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Sides</collectingRegion>
|
||
of last whorl concave, siphonal canal with dorsally directed tip, posterior end of aperture forming lobe or glazed surface—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFF3DFD6FFE85FD6E" authority="Vermeij, 2024" authorityName="Vermeij" authorityYear="2024" box="[226,345,720,741]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Rhinovasum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF3DFD6FFE85FD6E" box="[226,345,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Rhinovasum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FD6EC68FFAEFF8AFE80FD6FFE6BFD6E" box="[351,439,720,741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; Last whorl not laterally concave, shell often very spiny, spire high............................
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFA4FFD6FFA40FD6E" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,720,741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">5</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF48FD52FA40FC94" blockId="2.[151,1437,543,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyLead id="DD602E34FFAEFF8AFF48FD52FA40FC94" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyStep id="DD6595A4FFAEFF8AFF48FD52FA40FC94" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF48FD52FF7FFC89" bold="true" box="[151,163,749,770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">5</emphasis>
|
||
Aperture narrow, tip of siphonal canal dorsally directed—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFCD2FD52FCA0FC89" authority="Vermeij, 2024" authorityName="Vermeij" authorityYear="2024" box="[781,892,749,770]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Florivasum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFCD2FD52FCA0FC89" box="[781,892,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Florivasum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FD6EC68FFAEFF8AFC5DFD52FC01FC89" box="[898,989,749,770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; aperture broad, siphonal canal straight.................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFAE3FCB5FA40FC94" authorityName="Hedley" authorityYear="1914" box="[1340,1436,778,799]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Altivasum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFAE3FCB5FA40FC94" box="[1340,1436,778,799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Altivasum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF48FC98FA41FCD0" blockId="2.[151,1437,543,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyLead id="DD602E34FFAEFF8AFF48FC98FA41FCD0" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyStep id="DD6595A4FFAEFF8AFF48FC98FA41FCD0" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF48FC98FF7FFCB7" bold="true" box="[151,163,807,828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">6</emphasis>
|
||
Shell slender with very long straight siphonal canal, inner lip raised at edge—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFC16FC97FBEDFCB6" authorityName="Rosenberg & Petit" authorityYear="1987" box="[969,1073,808,829]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Tudivasum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFC16FC97FBEDFCB6" box="[969,1073,808,829]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Tudivasum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; shell with siphonal canal short, inner lip narrow and not raised, spines or nodules on all primary spiral cords.......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFA81FCF9FA41FCD0" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[1374,1437,838,859]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Vasum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFA81FCF9FA41FCD0" box="[1374,1437,838,859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Vasum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF48FCDDFA40FCFC" blockId="2.[151,1437,543,976]" box="[151,1436,866,888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyLead id="DD602E34FFAEFF8AFF48FCDDFA40FCFC" box="[151,1436,866,888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyStep id="DD6595A4FFAEFF8AFF48FCDDFA40FCFC" box="[151,1436,866,888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF48FCDDFF7FFCFC" bold="true" box="[151,163,866,887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">7</emphasis>
|
||
Umbilicus absent—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFE7EFCDCFDC5FCF3" authority="Vermeij, 2024" authorityName="Vermeij" authorityYear="2024" box="[417,537,867,888]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Aristovasum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFE7EFCDCFDC5FCF3" box="[417,537,867,888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Aristovasum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4FD6EC68FFAEFF8AFDC0FCDCFDA6FCF3" box="[543,634,867,888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; umbilicus present..................................................
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFA4FFCDDFA40FCFC" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,866,887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">8</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF48FCC0FA40FC39" blockId="2.[151,1437,543,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyLead id="DD602E34FFAEFF8AFF48FCC0FA40FC39" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyStep id="DD6595A4FFAEFF8AFF48FCC0FA40FC39" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF48FCC0FF7FFC1F" bold="true" box="[151,163,895,916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">8</emphasis>
|
||
Shell spiny or most or all primary spiral cords, three or more rows of basal spines—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFBDDFC3FFBA7FC1E" authorityName="Olsson & Petit" authorityYear="1964" box="[1026,1147,896,917]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Hystrivasum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFBDDFC3FFBA7FC1E" box="[1026,1147,896,917]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Hystrivasum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; shell with spines or tubercles only on upper part of last whorl and on base, two basal rows of spines...........................................
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFA4FFC22FA40FC39" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,925,946]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">9</emphasis>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662E8D01FFAEFF8AFF48FC05FA40FC44" blockId="2.[151,1437,543,976]" box="[151,1436,954,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyLead id="DD602E34FFAEFF8AFF48FC05FA40FC44" box="[151,1436,954,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<keyStep id="DD6595A4FFAEFF8AFF48FC05FA40FC44" box="[151,1436,954,976]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFF48FC05FF7FFC44" bold="true" box="[151,163,954,975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">9</emphasis>
|
||
Axial ribs short, spire low—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFE2BFC05FD95FC44" authorityName="Perry" authorityYear="1810" box="[500,585,954,975]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Volutella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFE2BFC05FD95FC44" box="[500,585,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Volutella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; axial ribs long, spire high.......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A191F682FFAEFF8AFAF7FC05FA40FC44" authorityName=", Abbott" authorityYear="1950" box="[1320,1436,954,975]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinellidae" genus="Globivasum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="528" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="54E55113FFAEFF8AFAF7FC05FA40FC44" box="[1320,1436,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="528">Globivasum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |