211 lines
18 KiB
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211 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-187" ID-Pensoft-UUID="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" ID-ZooBank="6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-187" checkinTime="1667366246929" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Spasojevic, Tamara, Broad, Gavin R. & Klopfstein, Seraina" docDate="2022" docId="EB683F93F675518096CF4159F3E8EFF4" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 187-212" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-06-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" docTitle="Lithoserix antiquus Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" masterDocTitle="Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1667366246929" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-5722</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 6 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-975X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">seraina.klopfstein@bs.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<mods:end>212</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-187</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB683F93F675518096CF4159F3E8EFF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB683F93F675518096CF4159F3E8EFF4" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName LSID="EB683F93-F675-5180-96CF-4159F3E8EFF4" authority="(Saussure, 1852)" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix antiquus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiquus" status="comb. nov.">Lithoserix antiquus (Saussure, 1852)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="187">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Lithoserix antiquus (Saussure, 1852) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from MNHN. F; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations and grey surface indicates sculpture of the cuticle. Grey areas show conspicuous sculpture of the cuticle." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693070" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla antiqua" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiqua" status="comb. nov.">* Pimpla antiqua</taxonomicName>
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Saussure, 1852
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla antiquus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiquus" status="comb. nov.">(Pimpla antiquus</taxonomicName>
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Saussure according to Theobald, 1937)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<materialsCitation accessionNumber="B24391" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" specimenCount="1">
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Specimen databased as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘holotype’">'holotype'</normalizedToken>
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(part and counterpart, Am 21 / # MNHN.F.
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<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/B24391">B24391</accessionNumber>
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-1 and Am 21 2 / # MNHN.F.
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<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/B24391">B24391</accessionNumber>
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-2) examined (but see notes under Interpretation) at MNHN.F, from where its photographs were also obtained
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Aix-en-Provence,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bouche-du-Rhône">Bouche-du-Rhone</normalizedToken>
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, France. Late Oligocene (Chattian), 28.4-23.0 Ma.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Female.</emphasis>
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Part showing dorsal view with almost complete antennae, partial head, mesosoma with both fore and hind wings, partial mid and hind legs, and metasoma including detailed sculpture and ovipositor sheaths except tip. Counterpart with negative impression of wings, ventral aspect of mesosoma, while metasoma shows a mix of a ventral aspect and what we interpreted as the inner sides of the tergites, where the sternites were weakly sclerotized, ovipositor sheaths complete. Body length 15.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693070" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix antiquus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiquus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix antiquus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Saussure, 1852) comb. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
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Photograph of the holotype obtained from MNHN.F;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
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Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations and grey surface indicates sculpture of the cuticle. Grey areas show conspicuous sculpture of the cuticle.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Brown, wing veins dark brown where colour is preserved, legs and hind margins of tergites orange.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
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only partially preserved, rather short;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antenna</emphasis>
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e
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</emphasis>
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at least 13.7 mm, segment boundaries not discernible.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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preservation patchy; notauli present on about basal third; scutellum rather short, might be bounded by carinae; axilliary trough with transverse wrinkles; metanotum short. Propodeum with pleural carina and at least lateral longitudinal carinae complete, anterior transverse carinae probably present, remainder unclear.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
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13.9 mm, with areolet almost triangular with outer vein longer than inner vein, 4Rs a little bowed at base and apex; 1cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite of 1M, 3Cu about as long as 2cu-a; ramulus longer than twice the width of the surrounding veins; cell 2R1 4.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide. Hind wing with 1Rs longer than rs-m and 1Cu clearly shorter than cu-a.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
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rather stout, hind femur 3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
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with T1 quadrate, only slightly narrowed towards base, with dorsal longitudinal carinae distinct on basal half and far away from each other, with parallel carinulae and some punctures along outer margins and towards lateromedian transverse impressions in posterior half; T2-T7 transverse, with a band along hind margin smooth, remainder strongly and densely punctate; T2 with oblique grooves cutting off anterolateral corners, maybe with thyridiae sunken. Ovipositor 4.7 mm, 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as metasoma, straight and parallel sided, rather robust.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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The specimen covered here was described by Theobald (1937), who stated that it was close but not identical to the holotype described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" refId="B39" refString="Saussure, H de, 1852. Note sur un nouvel insecte Hymenoptere fossil. Revue et Magasin de Geologie: 579-581." title="Note sur un nouvel insecte Hymenoptere fossil. Revue et Magasin de Geologie: 579 - 581." year="1852">Saussure (1852)</bibRefCitation>
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, and that he could not find the latter. The drawing in the original description (plate 23, fig. 5 in
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<bibRefCitation author="Saussure, H de" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" refId="B39" refString="Saussure, H de, 1852. Note sur un nouvel insecte Hymenoptere fossil. Revue et Magasin de Geologie: 579-581." title="Note sur un nouvel insecte Hymenoptere fossil. Revue et Magasin de Geologie: 579 - 581." year="1852">Saussure 1852</bibRefCitation>
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) indeed shows a different outline of the rock where the fossil is placed in, and Theobald mentions several differences especially in the wing venation. However, there are multiple lines of evidence that the present specimen might indeed represent the holotype, most of all the remarkable similarity of the positioning of the body of the specimen, including the exact angle between the antennae and positions of the legs. We thus suspect that this is indeed the holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. antiqua" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="antiqua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">P. antiqua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and that either Saussure took the artistic liberty to draw a more generous outline of the rock, or it was trimmed to a smaller size later on.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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The species was transferred to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
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by Aubert (1967) without any comment, and thus listed as "Species incertae sedis", in the world catalogue (
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<bibRefCitation author="Yu, DSK" journalOrPublisher="Biology Letters" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" publicationUrl="http://www.taxapad.com" refId="B55" refString="Yu, DSK, van Achterberg, C, Horstmann, K, 2012. Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. http://www.taxapad.com" title="Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada." url="http://www.taxapad.com" year="2012">Yu et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). It clearly belongs to the family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
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, given the venation in fore and hind wings, and to the subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
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given the triangular areolet, hind wing 1Cu shorter than cu-a, quadrate T1, long ovipositor, and sculpture of the metasoma. The carinae on the propodeum, long ramulus and broad smooth bands apically on the tergites preclude a placement in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Pimpla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as it is defined today (Gauld et al. 2002). However, in all the afore-mentioned characters, it is very similar to the only species placed in the Eocene genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brown,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. williamsi" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="williamsi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">L. williamsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Brown 1986) from the Florissant formation. We thus transfer it to this genus; see there for details on the differences to other genera.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix antiquus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antiquus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix antiquus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. williamsi" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="williamsi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">L. williamsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the much shorter ovipositor, shorter mesoscutum and the dorsal carinae on T1 extending to less than the mid-length of the tergite.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
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Wesmael, 1845
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brown, 1986
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |