139 lines
12 KiB
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139 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document id="772A448F3653E528A4312BDC53C2B817" ID-CLB-Dataset="34437" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a15ec661-e796-4207-8509-756590c75c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4389221" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-493-1" ID-PubMed="25878545" ID-ZooBank="1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-493-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 493" ModsDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" checkinTime="1451244490299" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van, Buffington, Matthew L. & Forshage, Mattias" docDate="2015" docId="EABC4AF97E22D80725712992459252E5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 493: 1-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 493" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" docTitle="Xyalophora Kieffer 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="DD2DFF8EFFC4FFA2FFD7FFE4FFB46007" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1732636387186" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="8A3B1FA777E7C0CB0EEC3A0341640E38" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9B50B974C30EA30A436E77D63A57B790">
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<mods:title id="4B28AC789FA90DFC402F5285E91D0C21">Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FDDD0516F9C6E678E63237085F42E6A6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0805F971E96A9D618691AB6AF09B2786">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="636E1282D5DEBE02BD19F3CF982DC68F">Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BD3FF34AB1500F718447954B01B2EB2F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7E7DAA6B6DEF9A1F191CE1C1E543A64A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A6005917E4649DE2A2867E96D8E05586">Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="38EDC7E20D50CC5DDE11FB48B69A7BF3" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B0BBAE1D6ADE0F60C6FA4B4167D13F02">Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BCE107F0FCDF6667F56E0E6862242D57">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="68E4C369C8C4ABBEF447B9B565677ECE">
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<mods:title id="028ED5406C4B360EE3A3A5BD0951C125">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="71AABD953DA2B89D4C52B6A9D3853508">
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<mods:date id="E2B5DC99B471EA1B684106ED0CCCEA3D">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="823FAC18BF8C2C3EFB86A201452600ED" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EF6FA5682492DF098DED7014ED963417">493</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="15A671AE988C8DF7B7A1C16DC466661A" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="6F7F732ABF5BF21A2CC5813F14639893">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="02A91A806F016269151F8012AAA6FAE0">176</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="195A272A6B0C71BF062475FB71DF04EB">
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<mods:url id="DB3DE6894BAD2852A70C5553D54FE62B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="6D3BC1486B467C9C9FBC46A168CFEAEA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2C76EAF9847B6E02F4AA2EE0D693DC47" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EE43D437220A69B15B08F165BEA3C983" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-493-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EC18139A20F9707761E7B70307121B89" type="ZooBank">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="EABC4AF97E22D80725712992459252E5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059206" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EABC4AF97E22D80725712992459252E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EABC4AF97E22D80725712992459252E5" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" scope_family="Figitidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Figitinae" scope_superFamily="Cynipoidea">
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<subSubSection id="C9BF68B45A887174BE4A9740CDF5C809" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="F8861E181E91C0B36580A4E07A433D91" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Figitidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0525E26EEEB57250A048833AEC11AADC" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="80F801773001BA6F3BE963A30A673B8A" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="B34D9AC321D358C961FB91724A683932" authority="Kieffer, 1901" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1901" genus="Xyalophora" lsidName="Xyalophora" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Xyalophora Kieffer, 1901</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="03B046119062D4154743A8890055D72E" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="D9552C4651671F00F776713948F10051" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7049FE728C5F900C528857E5AFA9E1EC" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Rare. Recently revised by Jimenez et al. (2008) and
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<bibRefCitation id="792EBB7BE78FD3EC10F203CBB6A8308E" author="van Noort, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="37 - 69" title="Review of Afrotropical Figitinae (Figitidae, Cynipoidea, Hymenoptera) with the first record of Neralsia and Lonchidia for the region." url="10.3897/zookeys.453.8511" volume="453" year="2014">van Noort et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B2C2E0151F4B7723D5E22A5A3FD78694" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2BDFA5A5C1F2BC66EF7AD7E830B1D6F5" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F3603FC1CD60F14E33F81B0F1866AA4" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="8DBAD2E37F233EBD3BC6DE2B8D3D3582" genus="Xyalophora" lsidName="Xyalophora" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Xyalophora</taxonomicName>
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shares the presence of a scutellar spine with
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<taxonomicName id="7CD5516FF2D0F4FFE0F075A9375AA1B9" genus="Neralsia" lsidName="Neralsia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
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, absent in
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<taxonomicName id="B8538EF92FA7E1F58AF8B68DCC189EDF" genus="Figites" lsidName="Figites" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Figites</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="ECB14700CE40AB1F325211AC94B69D36" genus="Lonchidia" lsidName="Lonchidia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Lonchidia</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="AD0FA62EF10B57A93470C5275DCCDE33" genus="Xyalophora" lsidName="Xyalophora" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Xyalophora</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName id="D97722AF85371469794BA5FF2B72FDBB" genus="Neralsia" lsidName="Neralsia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of transversely striate notauli (smooth in
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<taxonomicName id="F22B898C409C7CDA25EABEB14A6FA05E" genus="Neralsia" lsidName="Neralsia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
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), and an often slightly smaller scutellar spine; this second character, however, is often linked to adult body size and should be used with caution. As in the case of
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<taxonomicName id="D7EFC109DCA8E90F5BF342D23E5FC68D" genus="Neralsia" lsidName="Neralsia" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Neralsia</taxonomicName>
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, species of
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<taxonomicName id="794EBFF80E4440B6862D57A60CDD44D8" genus="Xyalophora" lsidName="Xyalophora" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Xyalophora</taxonomicName>
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can be superficially similar to
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<taxonomicName id="ECEA3A18BAC1D30DB21231B965B0E126" genus="Prosaspicera" lsidName="Prosaspicera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="genus">Prosaspicera</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="78C2816DE9C4B3DB7651077E27F294EE" lsidName="" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Aspicerinae">Aspicerinae</taxonomicName>
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), but can be separated from that taxon by the lack of a facial impression on the head, as well as the lack of a ligulate metasomal T2. All three African species have the occipital carinae directed towards the ocellar area and separated in the middle by a smooth surface as well as a smooth interocellar area.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="06801C9DF42B1D6EE65F58E6C43C7474" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<paragraph id="E3DEC7C2C13F338F8473AB25DDF029B7" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Figure 48.
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<taxonomicName id="84BC92436FFC579212FC0BF7FBCFBB00" genus="Xyalophora" lsidName="Xyalophora tedjoansi" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tedjoansi">Xyalophora tedjoansi</taxonomicName>
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(Mali). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsal view C head, anterior view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="89BBEA9EB29477D682DCDFE4E2B8A9C0" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E8975E68F825AD10B5A6AC4DDB1879C6" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="00F2F13BE2B955CB76B1EE8C73906F08" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Probably worldwide, but no records from the Oriental region are published. Afrotropical records: Burkina Faso (
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<bibRefCitation id="25C0CE2C037E00477A8E0B8467129FB6" author="Jimenez, M" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Entomology" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="751 - 769" title="Revision of Xyalophora Kieffer and description of Xyalophoroides gen. n. (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Figitinae)." url="10.14411/eje.2008.101" volume="105" year="2008 c">
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<normalizedToken id="BE847538CBD1F65E25421BB3087457B6" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2008c
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</bibRefCitation>
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); Democratic Republic of Congo, Mali, Namibia, South Africa (
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<bibRefCitation id="6016CB161F827B6746BD2E975B8DD533" author="van Noort, S" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" pagination="37 - 69" title="Review of Afrotropical Figitinae (Figitidae, Cynipoidea, Hymenoptera) with the first record of Neralsia and Lonchidia for the region." url="10.3897/zookeys.453.8511" volume="453" year="2014">van Noort et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="401454A5811404BA75D3BC7E6032A38C" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="biology">
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<paragraph id="0188B739A41C4C9891D66978B11D857D" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="593FA198E260FD5679CB6FC205794A11" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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Parasitoids of calyptrate
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<taxonomicName id="8012FE7804C4B2898777A36FED1B60CC" lsidName="Brachycera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="suborder" suborder="Brachycera">Brachycera</taxonomicName>
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larvae in decomposing substrates (
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<bibRefCitation id="8CB38748572BD31AECCA9099F67FEC5F" author="Ionescu, MA" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Insecta" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" title="HymenopteraCynipoidea." volume="vol IX" year="1969">Ionescu 1969</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9F811DBD89084278186C4460B9D70072" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" type="species richness">
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<paragraph id="71675E9BD7E20D606EAE9F0F4B00A38F" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Species richness.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="22826C4A2624A3842A980FB3EBCC5AAF" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="C0F0B5BA8CC8BB1BC0C71601C4C6AE8A" genus="Xyalophora" lsidName="Xyalophora tedjoansi" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tedjoansi">Xyalophora tedjoansi</taxonomicName>
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van Noort, Buffington & Forshage, 2014 (Mali)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5A3B2EC05D36608E0FC9D7B90D298BCF" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="B133844C5285A9251B25E5154BD6CC01" genus="Xyalophora" lsidName="Xyalophora provancheri" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="provancheri">Xyalophora provancheri</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="BA7870DBE0398BF223133841328D5C28" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
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& Pujade-Villar, 2008 (Burkina Faso)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D1A7D3ED65746A17B62AE02174941DF4" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="CE26CD64EFDB33BD2E9EF5CC8FA7012E" genus="Xyalophora" lsidName="Xyalophora tintini" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tintini">Xyalophora tintini</taxonomicName>
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van Noort, Buffington & Forshage, 2014 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia, South Africa)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |