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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="129873" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400" ID-GBIF-Dataset="418bd521-e4b9-4ee6-981f-a6f471eab287" ID-PMC="PMC9848625" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1119-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F158A7C5261D52B69288A62F3C777CAF" ID-PubMed="36762355" ID-ZooBank="A3BE91C6B79344E1A886A803BF104D8B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1119-1" checkinTime="1661532673136" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jirapatrasilp, Parin, Sutcharit, Chirasak &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2022" docId="EA8D61C6996D5718AF277530E2CD113A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1119: 1-115" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1119" docPubDate="2022-08-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400" docTitle="Pupina Vignard 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="F158A7C5261D52B69288A62F3C777CAF" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="F158A7C5261D52B69288A62F3C777CAF" masterDocTitle="Annotated checklist of the operculated land snails from Thailand (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda): the family Pupinidae, with descriptions of several new species and subspecies, and notes on classification of Pupina Vignard, 1829 and Pupinella Gray, 1850 from mainland Southeast Asia" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732923707409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5E0EE90F81B8A533718A5E1917FC6A62">
<mods:title id="672F006E8FF316BEFC69C2DE38DA31E7">Annotated checklist of the operculated land snails from Thailand (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda): the family Pupinidae, with descriptions of several new species and subspecies, and notes on classification of Pupina Vignard, 1829 and Pupinella Gray, 1850 from mainland Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="18AB5418AC76A4F2316EC5906F1469F4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FF71894539F35E18D3040149128BA1D8">
<mods:roleTerm id="613E2FFA1B08AE21242A146DF81F93B7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="748A49EFC7382C1EA75826314B1D8D20">Jirapatrasilp, Parin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7342BD981E0709C4261F7AF5239EF197" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-6724</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2713CD37FD0A11CE83056D8D12397EF5">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DD60E8529F182A5ADA3F05DDAEDB47EE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A461DB1F934470585AAC1E5BC69168A7">Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="42AD9209F4BECAA4C65BD88B50A3D589">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="89115495CC0A687CAA9DC7CD0E4B69A8" type="email">jirasak4@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E4EDBEF73A66107F1C0AAE108505C4EE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="551173FC35067EF4D4A516821295DCE2">Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6EBF4048A5DC4EE515050A007EF93A15">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand &amp; Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5A3A8B66DD64D45F4428341345AC3B0" type="email">somsak.pan@chula.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4EA85432AC963A19F0B6004B94F98F74">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9668F157854E8A4AC6B84FAAD9ABD510">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="79A05FDEEDFCF55FA89282ACE632B5A0">
<mods:date id="606F48F7775258C09420D1F8C57389BB">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="259059546D5FC88AAE36090021D8FA79">2022-08-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="53EBF3614912068C0C866D2F70BE78CE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1A8606146BA82E6F30AC6867B6EBAE22">1119</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B4327BD01157C4990858621DBE661569">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="22BE6FCFEC7057D5DDD3BB82FD71F3AA">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3F85AC724ECAAF49D8AB8D6D48008548">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="02D54437E6CB52488FF5759765FBBCF4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EA8D61C6996D5718AF277530E2CD113A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199839059" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA8D61C6996D5718AF277530E2CD113A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA8D61C6996D5718AF277530E2CD113A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Pupinidae" scope_phylum="Mollusca" scope_subClass="Caenogastropoda" scope_subFamily="Pupininae" scope_superFamily="Cyclophoroidea">
<subSubSection id="0A72C67F06118E801692B72006E1822E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C862FEEB116C14497BDED5789CC2A4CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
7. Genus
<taxonomicName id="27D75B908BC8E0530F6BA82425A797A9" ID-CoL="7PF9H" LSID="EA8D61C6-996D-5718-AF27-7530E2CD113A" authority="Vignard, 1829" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pupina Vignard, 1829</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8A53E226DAFF72919FF95C1BAB13E848" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="494EDFACC651801B8D8DC4134BE64FFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="06F53185690C137F7F1AB5A7D711F862" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pupina</taxonomicName>
Vignard, 1829: 439, 440.
<bibRefCitation id="FCC018B20D6EE2E2856FBB8212FD65D5" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B76" refString="Kobelt, W, 1902. Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R. Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" title="Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R." year="1902">Kobelt 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 302.
<bibRefCitation id="6314920181CEBEF1BF0B285CE5DB0998" author="Egorov, R" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Series A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B39" refString="Egorov, R, 2013. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. Treasure of Russian Shells Supplement 3 (Part 3): 1-62." title="A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. Treasure of Russian Shells Supplement 3 (Part 3): 1 - 62." year="2013">Egorov 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 4, 5.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78AD964F1CFC2C9C06661BACCBD721F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph id="F1509DC24629664703CD350389473A4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F49F90EB3B62A1D4B80D2C5931D9F4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F2C82988F77BF5E210390C2EF4974302" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina keraudrenii" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="keraudrenii">
<emphasis id="7EEFF448E181FB2CFE1055E6BF3F56C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina keraudrenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vignard, 1829, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CF81B02B590CB2D527978739F1026262" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="25C01D7D4BA8AE71D80B3697E2ADCDA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0EE5462F52997D636007EF7F6F1F1C8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Shell elongate ovate, smooth, with a shining enamel-like coating. Peristome with two canals; posterior canal at the suture; anterior canal oblique at the middle of columellar margin. Parietal callus normally thickened, and bordered by two teeth; parietal tooth located near or covering posterior canal; lower columellar tooth located near or covering anterior canal (Figs
<figureCitation id="4FF7C5C31E64ACF37BB01E47D0C8A87D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. General shell morphology of Pupina and its terminology." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/735364" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="48798B595BC187297153E8D5B7FBEFED" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Umbilical, columellar and parietal views of A Pupinella mansuyi, specimen CUMZ 12148 from Pha Chu, Nan B Pupina artata from the Pupina artata species group, specimen CUMZ 12003 from Ban Ping Khong, Chiang Mai C Pupina godwinausteni sp. nov. from the Pupina arula species group, holotype CUMZ 12090 / 1 D Pupina aureola from the Pupina aureola species group, specimen CUMZ 12130 from Sra Morakot, Krabi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/735371" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10B-D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F44EEBB3FCAC7E25B027964D76DA921D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="11253F11EA99FB8EAC00775C996042A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9C8DD0833A819E3504D07DF384E31D1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BF654A5A6B4A9555D34F0D3EDD74D89A" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8D4328B58AF26E194A0BFB8CFDCFE2FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, especially the
<taxonomicName id="C4CB4A8DD136CCCE6EF387CE9EE03FEF" authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1856" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina artata" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="artata">
<emphasis id="4E16CCC6F4F93133EFC34178D6A7EB4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina artata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (see below), is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="D23215C6EAB3FB29B607A1FCED2F2596" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1937" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Signepupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Signepupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4B3FA31F0BC3753E05E6B497C701315B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Signepupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Iredale, 1937 and
<taxonomicName id="54BD56CB8D2470EBA0E6AA6847BC7BBE" authorityName="Stanisic" authorityYear="2010" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Cordillerapina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordillerapina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="77D95F38D4336A278EF84EA69EE484F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cordillerapina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Stanisic, 2010 in having fin-shaped teeth. However,
<taxonomicName id="70879ED412151BF9678CCD19115CACF5" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1937" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Signepupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Signepupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="022B3323346D819A66D45CDA041A6D3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Signepupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tends to have a more elongated or turriform shell shape and
<taxonomicName id="E07A754C82A393956A9BE0D028DCEF0D" authorityName="Stanisic" authorityYear="2010" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Cordillerapina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cordillerapina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BF8EC320CC8AD8072FA3DE51E248331E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cordillerapina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a non-glossy surface with axial ribs (
<bibRefCitation id="67A05EFCA995E2553576C49EBCC116B4" author="Stanisic, J" journalOrPublisher="Queensland Museum, Brisbane" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B149" refString="Stanisic, J, Shea, M, Potter, D, Griffiths, O, 2010. Australian land snails. Volume 1. A field guide to eastern Australian species. Queensland Museum, Brisbane" title="Australian land snails. Volume 1. A field guide to eastern Australian species." year="2010">Stanisic et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="976046CEE59E517F8D34B9D869848167" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="C68FF964D5EF2BB163E8EFBD52FFC34F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC737E21072CC95EEBC7DBD8CEB333A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="693D445F7EF7168DEAB315B10FBB6779" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="86ECC4BF971B0FDCA0EC4F8A98DF4FD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the oldest taxon as well as the type genus of the family
<taxonomicName id="409C4461914D9ACA9B80F736EFFA1F94" authorityName="L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pupinidae</taxonomicName>
, and the only genus from the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="E73CE0A74FE44C4F344A15C775D833BB" authorityName="L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1853" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pupininae">Pupininae</taxonomicName>
occurring in mainland Southeast Asia. The three original subgenera, namely
<taxonomicName id="7AD8270E6F5D56D64549AEE821459CF4" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6AD3FAF1320DE124E41240A95B8412A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. s.,
<taxonomicName id="B62D6BCB4BD450DD1ABAAEBA59719749" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Mollendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Tylotoechus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylotoechus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5394B5E7CFCF8CA6DF66C71E618079DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tylotoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kobelt &amp;
<normalizedToken id="6CD5A5A1F1DEA0CDF60E430BF5AC98FD" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
, 1897, and
<taxonomicName id="F014470E05E5C726E6EE14A6CE359148" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Siphonostyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siphonostyla" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6B9308BDBE8338CA692603FDDBFD671E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Siphonostyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kobelt, 1897 (Kobelt and von
<normalizedToken id="496413AF841E5FD3050609B076A6A7BD" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
1897) were adopted by later authors (
<bibRefCitation id="E085F52FB22BED06E6877A907848B438" author="Gude, GK" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B60" refString="Gude, GK, 1921. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca-- III. Land Operculates. Taylor and Francis, London" title="The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca- - III. Land Operculates." year="1921">Gude 1921</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E9DC3DD90A7A64A446952E90BB236CAA" author="Egorov, R" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Series A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B39" refString="Egorov, R, 2013. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. Treasure of Russian Shells Supplement 3 (Part 3): 1-62." title="A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. Treasure of Russian Shells Supplement 3 (Part 3): 1 - 62." year="2013">Egorov 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The
<taxonomicName id="B2A2A80E2E27ED61FCD684F6F826D438" authority="Siphonostyla" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Siphonostyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="(Siphonostyla) subsp. subgenus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Siphonostyla">subgenus Siphonostyla</taxonomicName>
is diagnosed with a specialised anterior canal, which is lengthened into an ascending tube (
<bibRefCitation id="AA9F7BACB8256B790E221FE9AB409180" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B76" refString="Kobelt, W, 1902. Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R. Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" title="Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R." year="1902">Kobelt 1902</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1513CFCC52674B1DD87CF994B3C3CCCB" author="Egorov, R" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Series A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B39" refString="Egorov, R, 2013. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. Treasure of Russian Shells Supplement 3 (Part 3): 1-62." title="A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. Treasure of Russian Shells Supplement 3 (Part 3): 1 - 62." year="2013">Egorov 2013</bibRefCitation>
), as in the type species
<taxonomicName id="E7E68B1BB7881243C0C8D0E84FEB4FCE" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina longituba" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="longituba">
<emphasis id="9080663DF4573E90143F0D3A0F26ACD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina longituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kobelt, 1897 (see
<bibRefCitation id="C42FE151EE56FC401504A61D8287DAEE" author="Egorov, R" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Series A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B39" refString="Egorov, R, 2013. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. Treasure of Russian Shells Supplement 3 (Part 3): 1-62." title="A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. Treasure of Russian Shells Supplement 3 (Part 3): 1 - 62." year="2013">Egorov 2013</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB09908B289DDDFA4CF9263863FAEF6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Various diagnoses between
<taxonomicName id="91AD6D91BAFAC2E089526E5028A0650B" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0E9DC3CE7E1EF59A1CB18A3B68CD52AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. s. and
<taxonomicName id="BB9E49D94E558A73AE3A96D6F197316B" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Mollendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Tylotoechus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylotoechus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5E293F5EBA1897AF3C0077EA7F85D9DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tylotoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been proposed by different authors (Table
<tableCitation id="BC355081477DFD8DA4DAE3C0F7D914C4" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Diagnoses of the subgenera Pupina s. s. and Tylotoechus from different authors." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/210EDD34B4818726E6F03027A7F2C190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="210EDD34B4818726E6F03027A7F2C190">2</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="8D14EF7925A7E56480A0C3237CE67887" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Mollendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Tylotoechus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylotoechus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7B9ED262A10DD136C35C28ACE6685DFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tylotoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally established by Kobelt and von
<normalizedToken id="52389CCB169D7488D2C194575DED081A" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B43F47E057D0A28EB83BD2B8C509A81C" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B77" refString="Kobelt, W, von, Moellendorff OF, 1897. Catalog der gegenwaertig lebend bekannten Pneumonopomen. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 29: 73-88, 105-120, 137-152." title="Catalog der gegenwaertig lebend bekannten Pneumonopomen. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 29: 73 - 88, 105 - 120, 137 - 152." year="1897">1897</bibRefCitation>
) apparently to replace
<taxonomicName id="E563FD7C8C7B44C3B3B44061EDA9CC25" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1837" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Mesostoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesostoma" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4CFCB158A85E77FE3F31CF6EA8FE48B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heude, 1886 [non
<normalizedToken id="AA27811C5187DB450DE1AC8F0117DA93" originalValue="Dugès">Duges</normalizedToken>
, 1830]. The type species had been subsequently designated as
<taxonomicName id="298BB6E364CCF956EE64AA71CEC6CB6A" authorityName="Heude" authorityYear="1885" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina destructa" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="destructa">
<emphasis id="1C507A5164982FA940D045ABC46797DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina destructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heude, 1885 by
<bibRefCitation id="3D6E829410640DFACE0DDE886133D38E" author="Gude, GK" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B60" refString="Gude, GK, 1921. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca-- III. Land Operculates. Taylor and Francis, London" title="The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca- - III. Land Operculates." year="1921">Gude (1921)</bibRefCitation>
, which agreed well with the original proposal by
<bibRefCitation id="D9C7577E35FCAFAEC3B2035E1E133B2E" author="Heude, PM" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="208 - 215" refId="B67" refString="Heude, PM, 1886. Diagnoses molluscorum novorum, in Sinis collectorum (1). Journal de Conchyliologie 34 (3): 208 - 215" title="Diagnoses molluscorum novorum, in Sinis collectorum (1)." volume="34" year="1886">Heude (1886)</bibRefCitation>
, in that
<taxonomicName id="796AF9CE0ACC0C400B6DEEFDDF8F7FB9" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. destructa" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="destructa">
<emphasis id="4063BDCC00147A65D1C29EC6FCFDF1A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. destructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being monotypic in
<taxonomicName id="E73B6E3010AC5F40B3BEE4DE59A4E6CB" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1837" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Mesostoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesostoma" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1352C428E951611497095C7708DAE9DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="64F34D982CF35550A8697E01059454B7" author="Clench, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B24" refString="Clench, WJ, 1949. Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 196: 1 - 52" title="Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. Bernice P." volume="196" year="1949">Clench (1949)</bibRefCitation>
elevated
<taxonomicName id="6E086B2E063A91FFF110738562564FE5" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Mollendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Tylotoechus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylotoechus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4E08846C1295CF0EC5497FD03196399F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tylotoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the generic level, and stated that many
<taxonomicName id="1FBC0604B6ABBC73121AC70518065DE9" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Mollendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Tylotoechus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylotoechus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC0F39B747DD7070A0731EA67F7CF426" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tylotoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species recognised by
<bibRefCitation id="711663C513A040D785ADB540B63B899D" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B76" refString="Kobelt, W, 1902. Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R. Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" title="Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R." year="1902">Kobelt (1902)</bibRefCitation>
should belong to
<taxonomicName id="BC61C4DEF1B87C4794E484A616EDB0D8" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E9246305FEE3F1C0C50E9A35C0A4D9C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. s. Upon examining the type specimen figure of
<taxonomicName id="BDBF4A53BEBF3733ABB94362736AEF5F" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. destructa" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="destructa">
<emphasis id="A0414918A6B1414E00E3E99E094794DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. destructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Heu
<bibRefCitation id="911475B52716436E79E467EFCD43938B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14301" author="de, Morgan J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="353 - 428" refId="B32" refString="de, Morgan J, 1885. Mollusques terrestres &amp; fluviatiles du royaume de Perak et des pays voisins (presqu'ile Malaise). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 10: 353 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14301" title="Mollusques terrestres &amp; fluviatiles du royaume de Perak et des pays voisins (presqu'ile Malaise)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14301" volume="10" year="1885">de (1885</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 24, fig. 15) and the specimen in the Heude Collection deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (USNM 472296, from the type locality,
<normalizedToken id="9D774C1BC6A7A2AB2FD7E532FAC2C263" originalValue="Tchen-k’eou">Tchen-k'eou</normalizedToken>
, China; Fig.
<figureCitation id="9A7B68F4964C18693D6995AF8FFA8BED" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Specimen of Pupina destructa, the type species of Tylotoechus, USNM 472296. Photo: USNM." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/735378" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</figureCitation>
), we found that the parietal tooth is weak and does not extend up onto the body whorl, in contrast to the diagnostic stated in
<bibRefCitation id="AD6142BD48BFB1B40C2A1C13BF3CFD3C" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B76" refString="Kobelt, W, 1902. Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R. Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" title="Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R." year="1902">Kobelt (1902)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="0E61AB433D71A908CC87066C4670C453" author="Clench, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B24" refString="Clench, WJ, 1949. Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 196: 1 - 52" title="Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. Bernice P." volume="196" year="1949">Clench (1949)</bibRefCitation>
(Table
<tableCitation id="9EDD37DA1463B457FA39129AB34F0D23" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Diagnoses of the subgenera Pupina s. s. and Tylotoechus from different authors." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/210EDD34B4818726E6F03027A7F2C190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="210EDD34B4818726E6F03027A7F2C190">2</tableCitation>
). It is not certain whether Heu
<bibRefCitation id="25787EAFD29252EF1AA430846EF421D1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14301" author="de, Morgan J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="353 - 428" refId="B32" refString="de, Morgan J, 1885. Mollusques terrestres &amp; fluviatiles du royaume de Perak et des pays voisins (presqu'ile Malaise). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 10: 353 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14301" title="Mollusques terrestres &amp; fluviatiles du royaume de Perak et des pays voisins (presqu'ile Malaise)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14301" volume="10" year="1885">de (1885)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="09E65EE86856C54A5FAC89A093FC74FD" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B76" refString="Kobelt, W, 1902. Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R. Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" title="Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R." year="1902">Kobelt (1902)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="58C52C877E621F179F7F40D8A0A0ECD5" author="Clench, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B24" refString="Clench, WJ, 1949. Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 196: 1 - 52" title="Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. Bernice P." volume="196" year="1949">Clench (1949)</bibRefCitation>
recognised the diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName id="C5D7C0AD67CE3F841496C33D791EC64D" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Mollendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Tylotoechus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylotoechus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="019263558CEAF12F78D6135E7707C6D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tylotoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the same fashion or not.
</paragraph>
<caption id="210EDD34B4818726E6F03027A7F2C190" ID-Table-UUID="210EDD34B4818726E6F03027A7F2C190" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/210EDD34B4818726E6F03027A7F2C190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph id="AE6F825C5F7C4FE2BB1BB7FF9FC010C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="64326972A77C505A3B316A3EF40511DF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 2.</emphasis>
Diagnoses of the subgenera
<taxonomicName id="CD73B93B4C312B7D1987BFFEAC95AD37" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13A79F71DF0B36C0089B6D8FB07907F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. s. and
<taxonomicName id="4E215B4496A6439C9C695F7552C444FC" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Mollendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Tylotoechus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylotoechus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F01529C9C365D8580041FD056BAED9A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tylotoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from different authors.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9B90B3D9DF91027839EF1630D67E2CE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<table id="2A7EFAB89DA49B5CEF8BCD3B393C41BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<tr id="66AB46184E24AEC1AA88111FEE687038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<th id="A8C4A84F596B707BBE42E17F0171D79C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Author and citation</th>
<th id="354ED07565B1A77D7BE556C6A69AA8AD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="7FC4B77B52D73929214F6853BD6A22E5" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="868315F15AF0B008FAAD395EFB53509F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vignard, 1829 Type species:
<taxonomicName id="44D0FD16533033B7DE34FF6CE8CCE6FE" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina keraudrenii" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="keraudrenii">
<emphasis id="67CCAE53826EF74B614F60DD2F29EBB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina keraudrenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vignard, 1829
</th>
<th id="E8199BB5492D5D151C1110175D65844E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="5DED9FFE5846EC9C13B7247A19D53E10" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Mollendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Tylotoechus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylotoechus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A150BA98646E450C41AFB646BC075A81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tylotoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kobelt &amp;
<normalizedToken id="1B3DCE49ED455FFAAA60E9B13C346D52" originalValue="Möllendorff">Moellendorff</normalizedToken>
, 1897 Type species:
<taxonomicName id="C219E4DDCAAF3C3C99A4537EBB3A76DE" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. destructa" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="destructa">
<emphasis id="89ABFA0501BF3728F4CE697FC593FE65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. destructa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heude, 1885
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="70C9BBA0B7766D1321A4C6A79D6647E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="F0B7EB236CC964770EA2B2D6CF7FE678" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="3">
P.M. Heude (Heu
<bibRefCitation id="88178A60808206388FE4427A8469E950" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14301" author="de, Morgan J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="353 - 428" refId="B32" refString="de, Morgan J, 1885. Mollusques terrestres &amp; fluviatiles du royaume de Perak et des pays voisins (presqu'ile Malaise). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 10: 353 - 428, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14301" title="Mollusques terrestres &amp; fluviatiles du royaume de Perak et des pays voisins (presqu'ile Malaise)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.14301" volume="10" year="1885">de 1885</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 24, fig. 15;
<bibRefCitation id="919134881EF0B5E3BA3C7A03FF1594E8" author="Heude, PM" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Conchyliologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B68" refString="Heude PM (1885, 1890) Notes sur les mollusques terrestres de la vallee du Fleuve Bleu. Memoires concernant l'Histoire naturelle de l'Empire chinois 1(3): 89-132. [pls. 22-32 [1885]; 1(4): 125-188, pls. 33-43 [1890]]" year="1886">Heude 1890</bibRefCitation>
: 130)
</td>
<td id="FB04FBC9573A35E67C45BAB670B058F3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="3">-</td>
<td id="57E4F9B4F1AB88651C994B9664BDC500" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken id="31032DE6B737AAF8554263B6B39E854C" originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
interrupted peristome; columella cloven, right margin intact, parietal callus with tooth and slit.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C9CAA01E71289B8C6C01747DA6AF3447" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="630937F3455F19255536BDEE35440270" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
<normalizedToken id="CEE91148D0D3B05E4C12B2D6AB6CC8DE" originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
The aperture is rather that of
<taxonomicName id="2649DF1742ACE7B0E735F6DA86952B14" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6CAF779F9A8727784D10E87D7306B577" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than
<taxonomicName id="E35F680B3F820EA4AB28498AEE6D475F" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Registoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Registoma" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A67BC9B13581B06462EA85BB30F82BE8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Registoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The columellar fissure is that of the latter, while the fissure on the right edge is missing. The parietal callus does not reach the edge, remains inwards and is rather weak, while simulating the opening of the
<taxonomicName id="1D7AAE9595FDE7C71BB72952B00B56D7" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E09F6B0DD09ABC69A0B744A012200FE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Seems to belong to the same group as
<taxonomicName id="92488BCC92694988AA8BCB0FD1B68A9E" authorityName="E.von Martens" authorityYear="1861" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina japonica" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="5A41F9D8430E3FF574CDEF7C159FF5E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martens.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EF3F143B9BAA60C3A2F5BF2412E20339" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="E5454269A32AE032678693FBCDF68EBD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
(as of
<taxonomicName id="B7D8EBAE304A793F4887A552ABAD01D9" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1837" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Mesostoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesostoma" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AFABF7CFB359A3469259A95F9881BB51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Heude, 1886, non
<taxonomicName id="92F3A398EAA16363D1C0A1FC4AA2D669" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1837" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Mesostoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesostoma" order="Rhabdocoela" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="159B5477E5AB453176D72A4A1F98143B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ehrenberg, 1835 [rhabdocoel flatworm])
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9EDA2A7865F4E7AEA5EC62C1F4F59DEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="CC2804D5F1FDB1835974DE24679D5423" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
W. Kobelt (
<bibRefCitation id="116825CF6DA660AF1A1805534D74A758" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B76" refString="Kobelt, W, 1902. Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R. Friedlaender und Sohn, Berlin" title="Cyclophoridae. Das Tierreich. R." year="1902">Kobelt 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 302, 306, figs 70, 71)
</td>
<td id="E3EE6779340E5729048BB259F227A47B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Canal simple, formed by a tongue-like projecting callus on the apertural wall.</td>
<td id="0AFD52119605AD452AC80BAA8DD26098" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Upper canal formed by a tongue detached from the callus and the edge of the mouth.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4A097EC1B16BDB74AF0B192F7C7B6D8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="B7E9DE41C3E6DA0EC4B19B90DF589DEF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">
W.J. Clench (
<bibRefCitation id="AF42941720BB2414CCE0EF8142561365" author="Clench, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B24" refString="Clench, WJ, 1949. Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 196: 1 - 52" title="Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. Bernice P." volume="196" year="1949">Clench 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 31, 44, figs 17b, c, 18c, d)
</td>
<td id="D18EBB5E60CCE82AE6066F3103841491" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">Possessing a well-developed parietal tooth within margin of aperture; possessing a columellar notch cut parallel with face of aperture.</td>
<td id="8B8D56477B0519674E993421854AB276" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Possessing a well-developed parietal tooth extending outward and up onto body whorls; possessing a columellar notch.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E713DDCF32CEFF97EC9B53FAA7A1D710" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="3B64634FB1405D0C24D6B3369FA9F14B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
The single character upon which the genus is based is only the extension of the parietal tooth outward and upward as a tongue-like process on the body whorl in
<taxonomicName id="703929B63D2A0D95B4047D55F1EB0DBA" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Mollendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Tylotoechus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylotoechus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7AADF9DC2D283E39EDD650AD084F14BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tylotoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the parietal tooth remaining within the margin of the aperture in
<taxonomicName id="0BEFFF0AE1F960DB484C4B292B6AE69B" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E0FD0A69C246286DF573A3692F85C66E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, s. s. Extremes in both cases are easily placed, but many species are exceedingly close to either of the two genera.
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38E1DE55B7B4BA580770A5F3F6EC9F8A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<td id="F93E7100367652ED086E9969AABB5393" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
R. Egorov (
<bibRefCitation id="9D1889962A659C8CD1C0C1BDD7E8FFFE" author="Egorov, R" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Series A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B39" refString="Egorov, R, 2013. A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. Treasure of Russian Shells Supplement 3 (Part 3): 1-62." title="A review of the genera of the terrestrial pectinibranch molluscs (synopsis mainly based on published data). Littoriniformes: Liareidae, Pupinidae, Diplommatinidae, Alycaeidae, Cochlostomidae. Treasure of Russian Shells Supplement 3 (Part 3): 1 - 62." year="2013">Egorov 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 5-7, figs 3, 7)
</td>
<td id="23E12086AD5BE23CDD3F1E7CFE19C0F7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Parietal canal simple, formed by tongue-shaped projecting callus, sometimes reduced. Parietal tooth differently developed.</td>
<td id="4F7C46B9065364A8BFDD3404F90E6820" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Parietal canal formed by apertural margin and tongue-shaped projected in front process separated from callus.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="025854EAB08181DBBA4AD2F46E2E6662" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="D1D41595A728515A581E60DC10A10593" author="Clench, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 52" refId="B24" refString="Clench, WJ, 1949. Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 196: 1 - 52" title="Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian and Samoan Islands. Bernice P." volume="196" year="1949">Clench (1949)</bibRefCitation>
also established three new
<taxonomicName id="6A1FC574E171F6535750EFEC3FA882FF" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CFA02ED158890A2451D9C872B8D7DD9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-related genera based on differences of columellar tooth from the Pacific Islands, namely
<taxonomicName id="4B0238C2A49D8DAB1C1AA8CF091A14B5" authorityName="Clench" authorityYear="1949" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupinoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupinoa" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B872CDAF8CD6D46A6B4BB0A7691C0291" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupinoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8D9CFD552F2D3A776275383FBB7C1959" authorityName="Clench" authorityYear="1949" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupinesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupinesia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56CA3A00784B69D38A3D3B41A4AFFD6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupinesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="65DA779A8BEC6AD4A83BC34E31DEB2E6" authorityName="Clench" authorityYear="1949" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Kanapa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kanapa" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="706C170AEE96542F235E34E4B7D20511" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kanapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The current elevation of
<taxonomicName id="6D0753C7064AD52B8B7D322EB2A63948" authorityName="Kobelt &amp; Mollendorff" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Tylotoechus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tylotoechus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="452BF0A52500DA05DF15EF1D1A2503E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tylotoechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6F4D5364F47B8D47A5FA78F3C8FE807E" authorityName="Kobelt" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Siphonostyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siphonostyla" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B769C91B5346DE76D123D14785EB046D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Siphonostyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to generic level, and the treatment of
<taxonomicName id="D4B8B1C6F3DBE067F1B617DBCE7864FD" authorityName="Clench" authorityYear="1949" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupinoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupinoa" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3A17ED49E5B721B12ED3A83A08E1C87E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupinoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3AE45ECD3A00F51BA1D3E2E9C038D291" authorityName="Clench" authorityYear="1949" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupinesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupinesia" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="67CB1FA17B5131FA612269CA864E06C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupinesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B9E36B93242D42075413C0DAB636B432" authorityName="Clench" authorityYear="1949" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Kanapa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kanapa" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A39CFEFFC9C5EBA4618DF95DB508FC1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kanapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at subgeneric level (
<bibRefCitation id="D9C43A7158868C8D193DAB1FAF834896" author="Bank, RA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Science Society of Thailand" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=sourceget&amp;id=278821" refId="B4" refString="Bank, RA, 2017. Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. https://molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=sourceget&amp;id=278821" title="Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World." url="https://molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=sourceget&amp;id=278821" year="2017">Bank 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6C16F8EDAE179CD7309009BA86668D84" author="Minton, RL" journalOrPublisher="Zoosystematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=709516" refId="B94" refString="2022. . https://molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=709516" url="https://molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=709516" year="2022">MolluscaBase 2022</bibRefCitation>
) needs a further comprehensive revision, especially the examination of all type specimens of nominal taxa within each subgenus and the results from molecular phylogenetic analyses. As the validity of each subgenus within
<taxonomicName id="634CA756D3641DFEFBDDCB98AF3D72DF" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2FFA1781C9C83DC34FA971442B1DD894" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still uncertain, this work adopts the genus
<taxonomicName id="3539AB807C544DF0504E51A88804E5DA" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BB37479E88939D90EBC46A313255C58B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a wide sense, and does not apply the subgeneric classification or the elevation of those subgenera to the generic level.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E7FB553151142CF2236A6B14674537C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Based on the distinction of shell teeth, canals (Figs
<figureCitation id="E0F9A1380356BF2A8AF51935EAFBCFA1" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Umbilical, columellar and parietal views of A Pupinella mansuyi, specimen CUMZ 12148 from Pha Chu, Nan B Pupina artata from the Pupina artata species group, specimen CUMZ 12003 from Ban Ping Khong, Chiang Mai C Pupina godwinausteni sp. nov. from the Pupina arula species group, holotype CUMZ 12090 / 1 D Pupina aureola from the Pupina aureola species group, specimen CUMZ 12130 from Sra Morakot, Krabi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/735371" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DA7730C79A37449BD33CE66CEB3EDABB" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. External shell morphology of three mainland Southeast Asian Pupina species groups A Pupina artata from the Pupina artata species group, CUMZ 12003 from Ban Ping Khong, Chiang Mai B Pupina peguensis from the Pupina arula species group, CUMZ 12094 from Khao Tham Phra Temple, Chiang Rai C Pupina siamensis from the Pupina arula species group, CUMZ 12052 from Sri Thong Cave, Sra Keo, and D Pupina tchehelensis from the Pupina aureola species group, CUMZ 12136 from limestone mountain, Phang Nga. Red frames focus on the parietal tooth and posterior canal; blue frames focus on the curvature of the apertural lip when observed from lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/735379" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">18</figureCitation>
), and operculum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2ECE389A27C9110D2C53242EF497872B" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Opercula of three mainland Southeast Asian Pupina species groups A Pupina bensoni sp. nov. from the Pupina artata species group, specimen CUMZ 12047 B Pupina siamensis from the Pupina arula species group, specimen CUMZ 12067, and C Pupina aureola from the Pupina aureola species group, specimen CUMZ 12116. All not to scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1119.85400.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/735380" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19</figureCitation>
), the mainland Southeast Asian
<taxonomicName id="5F3533EE9AD10AB0F2AB4B46D46FFF83" authorityName="Vignard" authorityYear="1829" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" genus="Pupina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pupina" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8115E750C2A65DADC672950E645DF2A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pupina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be classified into three species groups, namely
<taxonomicName id="7C55842821FA5087D602F13DC32F42C0" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. artata" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="artata">
<emphasis id="7A6033A70CA86360C8E3CEC26A463C31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. artata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group,
<taxonomicName id="857903D8D733E9EFA373EAFD0052BC9D" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. arula" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="arula">
<emphasis id="AE312A833149ABE7CA448660D36490FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. arula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and
<taxonomicName id="A319294ABBC67DA72D7E97938AD6B92D" class="Gastropoda" family="Pupinidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. aureola" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aureola">
<emphasis id="C3E9EA42F552AC442386EAD7593DA8AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. aureola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. These species groups, however, might not reflect DNA-based reciprocal monophyly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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