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<document id="909432DEE40EA692B5492C9F29A86285" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3608.7.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="80aa11ed-378f-4e19-85e2-28ae4947edc0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215868" ID-ZooBank="0468C095-E626-4C73-8D2A-8FCDBE724737" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460571004707" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Meini, Gianluca" docDate="2013" docId="EA0087D8B76007004DCE129DFD35A270" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03608p586.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3608 (7)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Otoplana Du Plessis 1889, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="585" masterDocId="1639FFA0B762070A4D59120AFFFDA164" masterDocTitle="Two new marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Rhabditophora: Proseriata) of the genus Otoplana Du Plessis, 1889 from the upper Tuscany sandy shores (Italy)" masterLastPageNumber="586" masterPageNumber="575" pageNumber="577" updateTime="1698322092636" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C141B81D24A204FCC81E1C49F0AAB8DE">Two new marine flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Rhabditophora: Proseriata) of the genus Otoplana Du Plessis, 1889 from the upper Tuscany sandy shores (Italy)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="EA0087D8B76007004DCE129DFD35A270" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5658270" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119558979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5658270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA0087D8B76007004DCE129DFD35A270" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EA0087D8B76007004DCE129DFD35A270" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
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<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084DCE129DFDD0A1D5" blockId="2.[151,557,151,177]" box="[151,557,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<heading id="395E81A2B76007084DCE129DFDD0A1D5" bold="true" box="[151,557,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" reason="1">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084DCE129DFDD0A1D5" bold="true" box="[151,557,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76007084DB7129DFDD0A1D5" authority="Du Plessis, 1889" authorityName="Du Plessis" authorityYear="1889" box="[238,557,151,177]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084DB7129DFEA2A1D5" bold="true" box="[238,351,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Otoplana</emphasis>
Du Plessis, 1889
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084DCE12D4FE2CA192" blockId="2.[151,496,222,283]" box="[151,465,222,246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76007084DCE12D4FE89A192" box="[151,372,222,246]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084DCE12D4FE89A192" box="[151,372,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Otoplana labronica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B76007084C2312D5FE2CA192" box="[378,465,223,246]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2AB36545B76007084DCE1309FEF7A0FB" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" type="description">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084DCE1309FE0DA07E" blockId="2.[151,496,222,283]" box="[151,496,259,283]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76007084DCE1309FE6FA07F" box="[151,402,259,283]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcataspina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084DCE1309FE6FA07F" box="[151,402,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Otoplana falcataspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B76007084CC01309FE0DA07E" box="[409,496,259,282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084DCE1369FEF7A0FB" blockId="2.[151,472,355,415]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084DCE1369FE25A018" bold="true" box="[151,472,355,380]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76007084DCE1369FE8AA018" box="[151,375,355,380]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084DCE1369FE8AA018" bold="true" box="[151,375,355,380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Otoplana labronica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B76007084C27136EFE25A018" box="[382,472,356,380]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084DC6138DFEFFA0FB" box="[159,258,391,415]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURES 3 4" captionStart-3="FIGURES 5 6" captionStart-4="FIGURES 7 8" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,2001,2024]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,264,956,979]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,264,1600,1623]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,264,1216,1239]" captionTargetBox-2="[185,1408,224,903]" captionTargetBox-3="[174,1417,1045,1565]" captionTargetBox-4="[157,1405,393,1161]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,193,935]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[151,1436,1028,1579]" captionTargetId-4="figure@5.[152,1435,373,1195]" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Body form and organisation of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Otoplana labronica sp. nov. in vivo." captionText-2="FIGURES 3 4. Photographs of Otoplana labronica sp. nov., in vivo: anterior end (3) and posterior end (4)." captionText-3="FIGURES 5 6. Spines of male sclerotic apparatus of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." captionText-4="FIGURES 7 8. Reconstruction from camera-lucida drawings of the morphology (7) and spatial distribution (8) of the spines of the male sclerotic apparatus of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/215869/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/215870/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/215871/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Figs 18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AB36545B76007084DCE13C1FC22A3DE" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084DCE13C1FBD7A362" blockId="2.[151,1437,458,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB76007084DCE13C1FEF9A087" box="[151,260,459,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084DCE13C1FEF9A087" bold="true" box="[151,260,459,483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: A sagittally-sectioned specimen (EMLC-UP 158) deposited in the Electron Microscopy Laboratory Collection of the Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Etologia (Università di Pisa).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084D9E1019FCC1A32A" blockId="2.[151,1437,458,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084D9E1019FE9EA34F" bold="true" box="[199,355,530,555]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB76007084D9E1019FEFFA34F" box="[199,258,531,555]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76007084C2C1018FE57A34E" box="[373,426,530,554]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Tuscany, Ligurian Sea: loc. Calambrone (Pisa) (lat.
<geoCoordinate id="079D5009B7600708494C1018FB52A34E" box="[1045,1199,530,554]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" precision="15" value="43.588333">43°3518 N</geoCoordinate>
, long.
<geoCoordinate id="079D5009B760070848581018FA72A34E" box="[1281,1423,530,554]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" precision="15" value="10.293889">10°1738E</geoCoordinate>
). Surf-zone characterized by fine sand. Coll.
<date id="1617100EB76007084F27103CFCC5A32A" box="[638,824,566,590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" value="2007-09">September 2007</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084D9E1050FC22A3DE" blockId="2.[151,1437,458,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084D9E1050FE4BA317" bold="true" box="[199,438,602,627]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Additional material</emphasis>
: At least
<specimenCount id="74AFFD47B76007084F751050FD3BA316" box="[556,710,602,626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
were studied
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084E351056FC46A317" box="[876,955,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">in vivo</emphasis>
, including drawings and photographs, all from the
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB76007084C551075FEC1A3F3" box="[268,316,639,663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">type</typeStatus>
locality.
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB76007084CEA1075FDE8A3F3" box="[435,533,639,663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(EMLC-UP 158-A,B,C): three specimens from the
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB760070849D61075FB42A3F3" box="[1167,1215,639,663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">type</typeStatus>
locality, sagittally sectioned. Two whole mounts (EMLC-UP 158-D,E) from the
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB76007084E1410A9FC80A3DF" box="[845,893,675,699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AB36545B76007084D9E10CCFAE4A63A" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" type="description">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084D9E10CCFAD1A2BE" blockId="2.[151,1437,458,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084D9E10CCFEACA3BB" bold="true" box="[199,337,710,735]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Description</emphasis>
: The length of sexually mature organisms varies from 1.2 to 1.5 mm. The body is fusiform, dorsally convex, ventrally flat, colourless and transparent (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084E1410E0FC64A266" box="[845,921,746,770]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Body form and organisation of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084EF510E0FC40A266" box="[940,957,746,770]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2001,2024]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Otoplana labronica sp. nov. in vivo." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">2</figureCitation>
). The anterior end is characterized by a Köpfchen (according to Ax 1956) or cephalic swelling with numerous tactile hairs (th) and followed by two lateral couples of Tastborsten (Ax 1956) or tactile bristles (tb) retractable into the respective wide pockets (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB760070848161138FA68A22E" box="[1359,1429,818,842]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Body form and organisation of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084DCE115CFF5AA20A" box="[151,167,854,878]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2001,2024]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Otoplana labronica sp. nov. in vivo." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084DEE115CFF3AA20A" box="[183,199,854,878]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,956,979]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,224,903]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 4. Photographs of Otoplana labronica sp. nov., in vivo: anterior end (3) and posterior end (4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215869/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">3</figureCitation>
). The rhabdoids, a variety of secretions in epidermal cells or in subepidermal glands, are present as true rhabdites (r) (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084C6C1170FE81A2F6" box="[309,380,890,914]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), grouped to form longitudinal lines along the body, with the exception of the anterior end, where they are randomly spread. The ovoid brain (b), located at the back of the statocyst (sta), is irregular: it is provided with two-three pairs of lateral rounded protuberances, starting from the front side (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB760070849C711C8FB19A2BE" box="[1182,1252,962,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Body form and organisation of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB760070849AB11C8FAFFA2BE" box="[1266,1282,962,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2001,2024]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Otoplana labronica sp. nov. in vivo." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB7600708485711C8FAE3A2BE" box="[1294,1310,962,986]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,956,979]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,224,903]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 4. Photographs of Otoplana labronica sp. nov., in vivo: anterior end (3) and posterior end (4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215869/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084D9E11ECFA7BA546" blockId="2.[151,1437,458,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
The testes (te), beginning fairly close to the brain, consist of two series of medium size follicles lying along the longitudinal body axis. They consist of 1620 follicles per side, distributed in a single line per side (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB760070849AE1600FAC3A546" box="[1271,1342,1034,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Body form and organisation of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB760070848151600FAA1A546" box="[1356,1372,1034,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2001,2024]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Otoplana labronica sp. nov. in vivo." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB760070848311600FA85A546" box="[1384,1400,1034,1058]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,956,979]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,224,903]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 4. Photographs of Otoplana labronica sp. nov., in vivo: anterior end (3) and posterior end (4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215869/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084D9E1625FB53A4CA" blockId="2.[151,1437,458,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
Two irregular longitudinal rows of small vitellaries (vi) run externally to the testes from just before the testis follicles to the penis papilla opening, and show an uniform pattern of distribution (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB7600708490A1658FB61A50E" box="[1107,1180,1106,1130]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Body form and organisation of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB760070849F51658FB41A50E" box="[1196,1212,1106,1130]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2001,2024]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Otoplana labronica sp. nov. in vivo." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB760070849921658FB26A50E" box="[1227,1243,1106,1130]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,956,979]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,224,903]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 4. Photographs of Otoplana labronica sp. nov., in vivo: anterior end (3) and posterior end (4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215869/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">3</figureCitation>
). Two germaries (ge), clearly separated from each other, lie in front of the pharynx, posterior to the last testis follicles; they are globoid, have mediumsmall dimensions and contain numerous egg cells (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084EB51690FBD2A5D6" box="[1004,1071,1178,1202]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Body form and organisation of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The pharynx (ph) lies at ⅔ of body length, and exhibits the so-called bell-shaped organization (Glöckchen) typical of the genus. The sacciform intestine (i) is a caecum at both ends and there is no anterior restricted protuberance as a cephalic intestine (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB7600708481016E8FA77A59E" box="[1353,1418,1250,1274]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Body form and organisation of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The accessory male pore (amp) is clearly visible laterally on the penis papilla. This important diagnostic feature of the genus can be observed (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084C931720FDEDA426" box="[458,528,1322,1346]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Body form and organisation of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084F471720FDD0A426" box="[542,557,1322,1346]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,956,979]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,224,903]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 4. Photographs of Otoplana labronica sp. nov., in vivo: anterior end (3) and posterior end (4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215869/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">4</figureCitation>
) only in living, semi-squashed specimens. The caudal end appears as a narrow plate provided with numerous adhesive papillae (ap). These bi-glandular structures are also present in the ventrolateral epidermis along the body length (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084FE71778FCF4A4EE" box="[702,777,1394,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1497]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Body form and organisation of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084E451778FCD1A4EE" box="[796,812,1394,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2001,2024]" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photograph of Otoplana labronica sp. nov. in vivo." pageId="2" pageNumber="577">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084E641778FCB3A4EE" box="[829,846,1394,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,956,979]" captionTargetBox="[185,1408,224,903]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 4. Photographs of Otoplana labronica sp. nov., in vivo: anterior end (3) and posterior end (4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215869/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">4</figureCitation>
). In the postpharyngeal zone, the voluminous and sacciform
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084C55179CFE24A4CA" box="[268,473,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">vesicula seminalis</emphasis>
(vs) is connected distally with a large
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084ED1179CFB8CA4CA" box="[904,1137,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">vesicula granulorum</emphasis>
(vg).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084D9E17B0FEF7A492" blockId="2.[151,1437,458,1526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
The male sclerotic apparatus (s) consists of a median aculeus and 16 spines of variable shape and length (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB7600708483317B0FF3EA492" captionStart="FIGURES 5 6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1600,1623]" captionTargetBox="[174,1417,1045,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1028,1579]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 6. Spines of male sclerotic apparatus of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215870/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Figs 5, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB76007084D9617D5FF06A492" box="[207,251,1502,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1216,1239]" captionTargetBox="[157,1405,393,1161]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[152,1435,373,1195]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 7 8. Reconstruction from camera-lucida drawings of the morphology (7) and spatial distribution (8) of the spines of the male sclerotic apparatus of Otoplana labronica sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215871/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">7, 8</figureCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084DCE142FFA61A75A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1573,1887]" box="[151,1436,1573,1599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">● a “Medianstachel” (according to Ax, 1956) or median aculeus (M), almost straight, 5253 μm long, centrally</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084D9C1440FA66A706" blockId="2.[151,1436,1573,1887]" box="[197,1435,1610,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">located in the sclerotized complex, with a large proximal end, blunt and rounded, and a distal extremity which</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084D9C1464FE40A7E2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1573,1887]" box="[197,445,1646,1670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">is slender and narrow;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084DCE1498FC70A7CE" blockId="2.[151,1436,1573,1887]" box="[151,909,1682,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">● 16 spines weakly curved with a pointed distal tip bent outward:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084DAC14BCFD91A796" blockId="2.[151,1436,1573,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">2 pairs (a) of spines (group a), 3944 μm long, placed on both sides of the median aculeus with a blunt proximal end and a straight body;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084DAC14F4FAE4A63A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1573,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">6 couples of spines (group b) placed laterally on both sides of the previous two, to complete the composition of the crown of spines. Their length becomes progressively reduced starting from a maximum of 37 μm, to a minimum of 19 μm. The proximal end is narrow and blunt, with a straight body.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AB36545B760070F4D9E1585FEDAA6A5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76007084D9E1585FE3EA68A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1934,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084D9E1585FEC6A6C3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1935,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76007084C1D1584FDDEA6C2" box="[324,547,1934,1958]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084C1D1584FDDEA6C2" box="[324,547,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">Otoplana labronica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B76007084F751585FD7AA6C3" box="[556,647,1935,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" rank="species">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084F751585FD7AA6C3" bold="true" box="[556,647,1935,1959]" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
exhibits a body length smaller than for previously described species within this genus:
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76007084C3D15B9FE03A6AF" box="[356,510,1971,1995]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084C3D15B9FE03A6AF" box="[356,510,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76007084C3D15B9FE86A6AE" box="[356,379,1971,1994]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">O</collectingCountry>
. intermedia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="A5519B2BB76007084F5715B8FDAEA6AE" box="[526,595,1970,1994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
),
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76007084F3C15B9FD1EA6AF" box="[613,739,1971,1995]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084F3C15B9FD1EA6AF" box="[613,739,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76007084F3C15B9FD81A6AE" box="[613,636,1971,1994]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">O</collectingCountry>
. proxima
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="A5519B2BB76007084FAA15B8FCC5A6AE" box="[755,824,1970,1994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
),
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76007084E1215B9FC0FA6AF" box="[843,1010,1971,1995]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncaspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084E1215B9FC0FA6AF" box="[843,1010,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76007084E1215B9FC9FA6AE" box="[843,866,1971,1994]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">O</collectingCountry>
. truncaspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(4.5
<quantity id="A5519B2BB7600708496D15B8FB8AA6AE" box="[1076,1143,1970,1994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
),
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB760070849D315B9FAF6A6AF" box="[1162,1291,1971,1995]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxispina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB760070849D315B9FAF6A6AF" box="[1162,1291,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB760070849D315B9FB5CA6AE" box="[1162,1185,1971,1994]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">O</collectingCountry>
. oxispina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3.3
<quantity id="A5519B2BB7600708481215B8FA6DA6AE" box="[1355,1424,1970,1994]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
),
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76007084DCE15DCFF56A68A" box="[151,171,2006,2030]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">O</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76007084DE015DCFECCA68A" box="[185,305,2006,2030]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76007084DE015DCFECCA68A" box="[185,305,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="577">bosporana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2.5
<quantity id="A5519B2BB76007084C2D15DCFE4AA68A" box="[372,439,2006,2030]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="577" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="36D66646B76107094DCE17C8FC88A4BC" box="[151,885,1474,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="578">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76107094DCE17C8FC88A4BC" blockId="3.[151,885,1474,1497]" box="[151,885,1474,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="578">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76107094DCE17C8FEEEA4BC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1474,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="578">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Body form and organisation of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76107094F0E17C9FCE2A4BD" box="[599,799,1475,1497]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="578" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76107094F0E17C9FCE2A4BD" box="[599,799,1475,1497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="578">Otoplana labronica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B76107094E7D17C9FC88A4BC" box="[804,885,1475,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="578" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="36D66646B76107094DCE15DBFCE3A68C" box="[151,798,2001,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="578">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76107094DCE15DBFCE3A68C" blockId="3.[151,798,2001,2024]" box="[151,798,2001,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="578">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76107094DCE15DBFEEEA683" bold="true" box="[151,275,2001,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="578">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Photograph of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76107094CF615D8FD8AA68C" box="[431,631,2002,2024]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="578" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76107094CF615D8FD8AA68C" box="[431,631,2002,2024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="578">Otoplana labronica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76107094F2415D8FD33A683" bold="true" box="[637,718,2002,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="578">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B76107094F2415D8FD33A683" box="[637,718,2002,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="578" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76107094F8D15D9FCE5A68C" box="[724,792,2003,2024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="578">in vivo</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="36D66646B766070E4DCE11B6FB25A2B7" box="[151,1240,956,979]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215869/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="579" targetBox="[185,1408,224,903]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="621636CEB766070E4DCE11B6FB25A2B7" blockId="4.[151,1240,956,979]" box="[151,1240,956,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB766070E4DCE11B6FEE7A2B5" bold="true" box="[151,282,956,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">FIGURES 3</emphasis>
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB766070E4C7E11B6FEC4A2B5" bold="true" box="[295,313,956,977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">4.</emphasis>
Photographs of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB766070E4CB911B6FD55A2B6" box="[480,680,956,978]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="579" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB766070E4CB911B6FD55A2B6" box="[480,680,956,978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">Otoplana labronica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B766070E4FF711B7FD02A2B6" box="[686,767,957,978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB766070E4E5011B7FCB0A2B6" box="[777,845,957,978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">in vivo</emphasis>
: anterior end (3) and posterior end (4).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="36D66646B766070E4DCE144AFC27A732" box="[151,986,1600,1623]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215870/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="579" targetBox="[174,1417,1045,1565]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="621636CEB766070E4DCE144AFC27A732" blockId="4.[151,986,1600,1623]" box="[151,986,1600,1623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB766070E4DCE144AFEE7A732" bold="true" box="[151,282,1600,1623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">FIGURES 5</emphasis>
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB766070E4C7E144BFEC4A732" bold="true" box="[295,313,1601,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">6.</emphasis>
Spines of male sclerotic apparatus of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB766070E4FE5144AFC7EA732" box="[700,899,1600,1622]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="579" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB766070E4FE5144AFC7EA732" box="[700,899,1600,1622]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">Otoplana labronica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B766070E4ED3144BFC27A732" box="[906,986,1601,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="621636CEB766070E4D9E1489FD9EA6F3" blockId="4.[151,1436,1667,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">
The body of the new species reaches its maximum width in the central region, located just in front of the first half of the caudal region in which the germaries are situated. The latter are localized in a more posterior position than in the other described species. The organization of the cephalic zone and the distribution of the rhabdithes appear similar to those reported for the previously described species. However, with particular reference to the length, the thickness of the robust tactile bristles and the uneven distribution of the rhabdites on the anterior region, the new species shows a remarkable affinity with
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB766070E4F9C1532FCA2A62B" box="[709,863,1847,1871]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="579" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB766070E4F9C1532FCA2A62B" box="[709,863,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB766070E4F9C1532FD21A62B" box="[709,732,1848,1871]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The vitellaries disposition in a paired longitudinal row composed of small follicles irregularly distributed from the anterior end to the penis papilla opening is rather similar to that observed in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB766070E4C9B158AFDA6A6F3" box="[450,603,1919,1943]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="579" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB766070E4C9B158AFDA6A6F3" box="[450,603,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB766070E4C9B158AFE24A6F3" box="[450,473,1920,1943]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB766070F4D9E15A9FF1DA024" blockId="4.[151,1436,1667,2016]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="580" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">
The position of the testes as well as their arrangement are shared with all the species of the genus. The testes arrangement, size and distribution in regular series, are similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB766070E4EBB15C2FB83A6BB" box="[994,1150,1991,2015]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="579" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB766070E4EBB15C2FB83A6BB" box="[994,1150,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB766070E4EBB15C2FC04A6BB" box="[994,1017,1992,2015]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="579">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the number of follicles is slightly fewer. The intermediate dimension and irregular distribution of the testes in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F49931292FA8EA1D4" box="[1226,1395,152,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncaspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F49931292FA8EA1D4" box="[1226,1395,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F49931292FB1CA1CB" box="[1226,1249,152,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. truncaspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F48D81292FEECA1B0" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F48D81292FEECA1B0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F48D81292FA65A1CB" box="[1409,1432,152,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. intermedia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4C1012B7FE31A1B0" box="[329,460,189,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxispina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4C1012B7FE31A1B0" box="[329,460,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F4C1012B7FE9DA1B0" box="[329,352,189,212]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. oxispina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are different to those present in the new species. The sacciform intestine is similar to that of all the other species in the genus, but the cephalic intestine is absent. The pharynx, the position of the paired germaries and of
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4C04130EFDD7A078" box="[349,554,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">vesicula seminalis</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4F60130EFCDEA078" box="[569,803,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">vesicula granulorum</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4E02130FFC10A078" box="[859,1005,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">penis papilla</emphasis>
coincide with the other species of the genus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="36D66646B767070F4DCE16CAFD0DA590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215871/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" targetBox="[157,1405,393,1161]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="621636CEB767070F4DCE16CAFD0DA590" blockId="5.[151,1435,1216,1269]" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4DCE16CAFEE4A5B2" bold="true" box="[151,281,1216,1239]" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">FIGURES 7</emphasis>
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4C7F16CAFEC4A5B1" bold="true" box="[294,313,1216,1237]" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">8.</emphasis>
Reconstruction from camera-lucida drawings of the morphology (7) and spatial distribution (8) of the spines of the male sclerotic apparatus of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4C8B16D5FD67A591" box="[466,666,1247,1269]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4C8B16D5FD67A591" box="[466,666,1247,1269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">Otoplana labronica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B767070F4FF916D5FD0DA590" box="[672,752,1247,1268]" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="621636CEB767070F4D9E172BFEDAA6A5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1313,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
The spines of the male copulatory organ of the new species present a different organization compared to that of all the other species. These spines are arranged in eight pairs of different sizes and have a slightly different morphology at the distal end, with a pointed distal tips in some spines and others with blunt tips, all located around the median aculeus. The total number of spines (17) is smaller than that found in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F49321784FAF7A4C2" box="[1131,1290,1422,1446]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F49321784FAF7A4C2" box="[1131,1290,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F49321784FB7FA4C1" box="[1131,1154,1422,1445]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3033),
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F48D81784FEECA4AE" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F48D81784FEECA4AE" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F48D81784FA65A4C1" box="[1409,1432,1422,1445]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. intermedia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(24),
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4C0717B8FE1FA4AE" box="[350,482,1458,1482]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4C0717B8FE1FA4AE" box="[350,482,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F4C0717B8FE88A4AD" box="[350,373,1458,1481]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. proxima
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2324),
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4F0317B8FCFAA4AE" box="[602,775,1458,1482]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncaspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4F0317B8FCFAA4AE" box="[602,775,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F4F0317B8FD8CA4AD" box="[602,625,1458,1481]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. truncaspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(23) and
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4EDB17B8FBF0A4AE" box="[898,1037,1458,1482]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxyspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4EDB17B8FBF0A4AE" box="[898,1037,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F4EDB17B8FC64A4AD" box="[898,921,1458,1481]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. oxyspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(21). The median aculeus (M) is different in size and morphology from that found in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4FB217DCFC69A48A" box="[747,916,1494,1518]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncaspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4FB217DCFC69A48A" box="[747,916,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F4FB217DCFCFFA489" box="[747,770,1494,1517]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. truncaspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has an average length of 50 μm and a truncated form, and it has some similarities compared to that of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4E2C17F0FC0AA776" box="[885,1015,1530,1554]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxispina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4E2C17F0FC0AA776" box="[885,1015,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F4E2C17F0FC71A775" box="[885,908,1530,1553]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. oxispina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(56 μm long) which is more tapered and with a wider proximal extremity. In
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4F3D1414FCFDA752" box="[612,768,1566,1590]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4F3D1414FCFDA752" box="[612,768,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F4F3D1414FD86A751" box="[612,635,1566,1589]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. intermedia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4E631414FC44A752" box="[826,953,1566,1590]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4E631414FC44A752" box="[826,953,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F4E631414FCACA751" box="[826,849,1566,1589]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. proxima
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the median aculeus is absent, while in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F48D81414FEF2A73E" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F48D81414FEF2A73E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F48D81414FA65A751" box="[1409,1432,1566,1589]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is similar and longer (63 μm), but with a pointed distal end. In the new species
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F49FF1448FAC9A73E" box="[1190,1332,1602,1626]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F49FF1448FAC9A73E" box="[1190,1332,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F49FF1448FB40A73D" box="[1190,1213,1602,1625]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. labronica
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, near the median aculeus, there are two pairs of longer spines (3944 μm). The lateral spines, on both sides of these two longer pairs, are gradually decreasing in length (3719 μm) to encircle the crown of spines which constitutes the male sclerotic apparatus. Each of these lateral spines has a straight body, with pointed distal end slightly bent outward. An equivalent location and similar features are also present in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4EE214D8FBA8A78E" box="[955,1109,1746,1770]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4EE214D8FBA8A78E" box="[955,1109,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F4EE214D8FC2FA78D" box="[955,978,1746,1769]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this species, the spines of the sclerotic apparatus reach a major length (3359 μm) and they do not have a consistent width. All these spines tend to increase their thickness moderately toward the distal end, which is markedly bent than the spines of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F48D81510FEFEA632" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F48D81510FEFEA632" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F48D81510FA65A655" box="[1409,1432,1818,1841]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. labronica
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the basis of the data presented, we conclude that this new species differs from the species already described above, with regard to the body dimensions and, above all, the characteristics of the spines of the male copulatory organ. The new species has some similarities with
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4E0D158CFC12A6FA" box="[852,1007,1926,1950]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4E0D158CFC12A6FA" box="[852,1007,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB767070F4E0D158CFC96A6F9" box="[852,875,1926,1949]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it constitutes a new valid species of otoplanid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AB36545B767070C4D9E15C4FEE5A0C8" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="621636CEB767070C4D9E15C4FEE5A0C8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1313,2023]" lastBlockId="6.[151,503,367,428]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="581" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4D9E15C4FEB5A682" bold="true" box="[199,328,1998,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">Etymology</emphasis>
: The name
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB767070F4C8D15C4FDBDA682" box="[468,576,1998,2022]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="580" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB767070F4C8D15C4FDBDA682" box="[468,576,1998,2022]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">labronica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB767070F4F8715C5FCF3A683" box="[734,782,1999,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="580">type</typeStatus>
locality where this species is been collected. The site of
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4DCE1365FE0AA0EC" bold="true" box="[151,503,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB764070C4DCE1365FE6BA0EC" box="[151,406,367,392]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcataspina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4DCE1365FE6BA0EC" bold="true" box="[151,406,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Otoplana falcataspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B764070C4CC4137AFE0AA0EC" box="[413,503,368,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4DC6139EFEEDA0C8" box="[159,272,404,428]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURES 10 13" captionStart-2="FIGURES 14 15" captionStart-3="FIGURES 16 17" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,264,1314,1337]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,264,2010,2033]" captionStartId-3="9.[151,264,909,932]" captionTargetBox-0="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1430,189,1279]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1423,1433,1972]" captionTargetBox-3="[173,1423,226,863]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,171,1293]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[151,1436,1417,1989]" captionTargetId-3="figure@9.[151,1436,193,888]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." captionText-1="FIGURES 10 13. Photographs of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. in vivo: 10, living animal; 11, anterior end; 12, posterior end; 13, male copulatory organ region." captionText-2="FIGURES 14 15. Spines of male sclerotic apparatus of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov." captionText-3="FIGURES 16 17. Tracing (16) and spatial distribution (17) of the spines of the male sclerotic apparatus of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/215873/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/215874/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/215875/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Figs 917</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4DCE129DFD35A078" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<table id="10A9C46EB764F8F54DCE129DFA61A079" box="[151,1436,151,285]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<tr id="DC99348CB764F8F54DCE129DFA61A1D4" box="[151,1436,151,176]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F54DCE129DFD0AA1D4" box="[151,759,151,176]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">sampling is very close to the city of Livorno (Tuscany,</th>
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F54FA7129DFCA3A1D4" box="[766,862,151,176]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Ligurian</th>
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F54E3C129DFC69A1D4" box="[869,916,151,176]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Sea,</th>
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F54EC2129DFC22A1D4" box="[923,991,151,176]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Italy),</th>
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F54EBF129DFBF3A1D4" box="[998,1038,151,176]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">and</th>
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F5494C129DFB33A1D4" box="[1045,1230,151,176]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB764070C494C1292FB7CA1D4" box="[1045,1153,152,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C494C1292FB7CA1D4" box="[1045,1153,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">labronica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
means
</th>
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F5498C129DFA8FA1D4" box="[1237,1394,151,176]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">“coming from</th>
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F54823129DFA61A1D4" box="[1402,1436,151,176]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">the</th>
</tr>
<tr id="DC99348CB764F8F54DCE12B6FA61A1B0" box="[151,1436,188,212]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F54DCE12B6FD0AA1B0" box="[151,759,188,212]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">city of Livorno”.</th>
</tr>
<tr id="DC99348CB764F8F54DCE12D5FA61A19C" box="[151,1436,223,248]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F54DCE12D5FD0AA19C" box="[151,759,223,248]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4D9E12D5FEDEA19C" bold="true" box="[199,291,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Habitat</emphasis>
: Surf zone.
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="DC99348CB764F8F54DCE1309FA61A079" box="[151,1436,259,285]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="9F485DF0B764F8F54DCE1309FD0AA079" box="[151,759,259,285]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4D9E1309FEA4A078" bold="true" box="[199,345,259,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Distribution</emphasis>
: Known only from type locality.
</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="2AB36545B764070C4DCE13D6FC9AA38B" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4DCE13D6FBD6A373" blockId="6.[151,1436,476,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB764070C4DCE13D6FEF9A090" box="[151,260,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4DCE13D6FEF9A090" bold="true" box="[151,260,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
: A sagittally-sectioned specimen (EMLC-UP 159) deposited in the Electron Microscopy Laboratory Collection of the Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Etologia (Università di Pisa).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4D9E102EFEB7A3E0" blockId="6.[151,1436,476,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4D9E102EFE9CA358" bold="true" box="[199,353,547,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB764070C4D9E102EFEFFA358" box="[199,258,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB764070C4C2B102EFE5AA358" box="[370,423,548,572]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Tuscany, Ligurian Sea: loc. Marina di Vecchiano (Pisa), Parco Regionale di Migliarino, San Rossore e Massaciuccoli (
<geoCoordinate id="079D5009B764070C4CAE104DFD7BA33B" box="[503,646,583,607]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" precision="15" value="43.804165">43°4815N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="079D5009B764070C4FCC104DFCD1A33B" box="[661,812,583,607]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" precision="15" value="10.261666">10°1542 E</geoCoordinate>
). Otoplanen-Zone characterized by medium-fine sand. Coll.
<date id="1617100EB764070C4D8C1066FEBAA3E0" box="[213,327,620,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" value="2009-07">July 2009</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4D9E1085FC9AA38B" blockId="6.[151,1436,476,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4D9E1085FE60A3CC" bold="true" box="[199,413,655,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Addition material</emphasis>
: At least
<specimenCount id="74AFFD47B764070C4F531085FD5EA3C3" box="[522,675,655,679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
were studied
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4E19109BFC71A3CC" box="[832,908,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">in vivo</emphasis>
, including drawings and photographs, all from the
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB764070C4D9A10BFFF0EA3A9" box="[195,243,693,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
locality.
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB764070C4C3910BFFE3FA3A9" box="[352,450,693,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
(EMLC-UP 159-A,B,C): three specimens from the
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB764070C494410BFFBB0A3A9" box="[1053,1101,693,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
locality, sagittally sectioned. Two whole mounts (EMLC-UP 159-D,E) from the
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB764070C4F8F10D3FCFBA395" box="[726,774,729,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AB36545B764070C4D9E10F1FE05A6DC" pageId="6" pageNumber="581" type="description">
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4D9E10F1FB6FA270" blockId="6.[151,1436,476,1508]" box="[199,1170,763,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4D9E10F1FEACA270" bold="true" box="[199,337,763,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Description</emphasis>
: The sexually mature animals are 2.32.4 mm in body length (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C494810F6FBA7A270" box="[1041,1114,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C493F10F6FB78A270" box="[1126,1157,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 13" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1314,1337]" captionTargetBox="[177,1430,189,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,171,1293]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 13. Photographs of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. in vivo: 10, living animal; 11, anterior end; 12, posterior end; 13, male copulatory organ region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4D9E1115FC81A5C4" blockId="6.[151,1436,476,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
The anterior end is characterized by a cephalic elliptic swelling, provided with numerous tactile hairs (th) and two lateral couples of tactile bristles, retractable into the respective wide pockets (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4904114EFB57A238" box="[1117,1194,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C49E3114EFAF8A238" box="[1210,1285,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 13" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1314,1337]" captionTargetBox="[177,1430,189,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,171,1293]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 13. Photographs of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. in vivo: 10, living animal; 11, anterior end; 12, posterior end; 13, male copulatory organ region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">10, 11</figureCitation>
). Behind the cephalic swelling the small statocyst is located at the front and at some distance from the ovoid brain, characterized by two lateral rounded protuberances. The rhabdites (r) (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4E4A1186FCABA2C0" box="[787,854,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) are grouped into longitudinal lines along the body, with the exception of the anterior end, where they display a random and uneven distribution. The testes (te), situated behind the brain and anterior to the pharynx, consist of two rather close series of follicles arranged along the longitudinal axis, 1415 per side, in a single line and of medium-large size (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C494811FDFBA7A56B" box="[1041,1114,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C493F11FDFB78A56B" box="[1126,1157,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 13" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1314,1337]" captionTargetBox="[177,1430,189,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,171,1293]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 13. Photographs of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. in vivo: 10, living animal; 11, anterior end; 12, posterior end; 13, male copulatory organ region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">10</figureCitation>
). Two globoid germaries (ge), at some distance from each other, are present in front of the pharynx, posterior to the last testis follicles. They are larger than the vitellaries, and contain numerous egg cells. Two rows of medium-small vitellaries (vi) are present on both sides, placed laterally to the testes. They begin in the area behind the brain and reach the
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4838166FFF1BA5C4" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">penis papilla</emphasis>
opening, maintaining a distribution in single rows (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4E731682FC93A5C4" box="[810,878,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4D9E16A6FC0CA4F8" blockId="6.[151,1436,476,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
The pharynx (ph), located in the caudal half of the animal, shows the so-called &quot;bell-shaped&quot; organization typical of the genus. The sacciform intestine (i) is a caecum at both extremities, rostrally possessing a tract, called cephalic intestine (ci) (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4CCE16FEFE1DA468" box="[407,480,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4CB516FEFDF6A468" box="[492,523,1268,1292]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 13" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1314,1337]" captionTargetBox="[177,1430,189,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,171,1293]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 13. Photographs of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. in vivo: 10, living animal; 11, anterior end; 12, posterior end; 13, male copulatory organ region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">10</figureCitation>
). The caudal plate is narrow and provided with a few large adhesive papillae (ap) (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4DC61712FF17A454" box="[159,234,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4DA01712FEB8A454" box="[249,325,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 13" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1314,1337]" captionTargetBox="[177,1430,189,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,171,1293]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 13. Photographs of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. in vivo: 10, living animal; 11, anterior end; 12, posterior end; 13, male copulatory organ region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">10, 12</figureCitation>
). In the post-pharyngeal zone, the sacciform
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4E081712FBDCA454" box="[849,1057,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">vesicula seminalis</emphasis>
(vs) is connected distally with a
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4DCE1736FE7FA430" box="[151,386,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">vesicula granulorum</emphasis>
(vg). The external seminal vesicles (esv) and the accessory male pore (amp), typical of the genus, are clearly visible at the sides of the
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB764070C4FC2176BFCCDA41C" box="[667,816,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">penis papilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4E18176AFC70A41C" box="[833,909,1376,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4EC4176AFBE8A41C" box="[925,1045,1376,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 13" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1314,1337]" captionTargetBox="[177,1430,189,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,171,1293]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 13. Photographs of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. in vivo: 10, living animal; 11, anterior end; 12, posterior end; 13, male copulatory organ region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">10, 12, 13</figureCitation>
). The caudal end appears slightly rounded and provided with numerous adhesive papillae (ap) (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4E1F178EFC72A4F8" box="[838,911,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1961,1984]" captionTargetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[260,1326,193,1940]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 9. General organisation of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. (1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new Otoplana species (2)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4EC2178EFC19A4F8" box="[923,996,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 13" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1314,1337]" captionTargetBox="[177,1430,189,1279]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,171,1293]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 10 13. Photographs of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov. in vivo: 10, living animal; 11, anterior end; 12, posterior end; 13, male copulatory organ region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">10, 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4D9E17A2FC74A480" blockId="6.[151,1436,476,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">
The male copulatory organ presents a sclerotic apparatus (s) with 2021 spines of slightly variable shape and differing length, and a central median aculeus (
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4FFC17C6FCDBA480" box="[677,806,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURES 14 15" captionStartId="8.[151,264,2010,2033]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,1433,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1417,1989]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14 15. Spines of male sclerotic apparatus of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215874/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">Figs 14, 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA922A4BB764070C4E6B17C6FC86A480" box="[818,891,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 17" captionStartId="9.[151,264,909,932]" captionTargetBox="[173,1423,226,863]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,888]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 16 17. Tracing (16) and spatial distribution (17) of the spines of the male sclerotic apparatus of Otoplana falcataspina sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215875/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">16, 17</figureCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4DCE1419FC9FA72B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1555,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">● a predominant median aculeus (M), 5051 μm long, with a considerable thickness, pointed and blunt at the distal end, is situated in the center of the sclerotic complex;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4DCE1451FB20A7F3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1555,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">● 1 pair (group a) of spines internally curved, 44 μm long, arranged on both sides of the median aculeus with a pointed distal extremity and a small sub-terminal cuneiform prominence on the concave side;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4DCE14A9FB3DA7BB" blockId="6.[151,1437,1555,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">● 1 pair (group b), 41 μm long, external to the previous ones with a pointed outwardly bent tip. These spines are characterized by the absence of a cuneiform sub-terminal prominence on the concave side;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4DCE14E1FC2BA643" blockId="6.[151,1437,1555,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">● 1 pair (group c), 37 μm long, placed at both sides of the previous pair (b), with a minimally developed cuneiform sub-terminal prominence and a pointed outwardly bent tip;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB764070C4DCE1539FE05A6DC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1555,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="581">● 7 pairs (group d) of spines, with a decreasing length going towards the end of the spines crown, from a maximum of 35 μm to a minimum of 22 μm. They are placed laterally with respect to the previous ones, with a well-developed distal prominence characterized by a progressive enlargement of spines thickness and an outwardly bent pointed tip.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="36D66646B765070D4DCE15A3FCEAA6BA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215872/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="582" targetBox="[260,1318,203,1937]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="621636CEB765070D4DCE15A3FCEAA6BA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1961,2014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="582">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB765070D4DCE15A3FEE4A6DA" bold="true" box="[151,281,1961,1984]" pageId="7" pageNumber="582">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
General organisation of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB765070D4F6915A3FCE7A6DB" box="[560,794,1961,1983]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="582" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcataspina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB765070D4F6915A3FCE7A6DB" box="[560,794,1961,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="582">Otoplana falcataspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B765070D4E7115A0FC82A6DB" box="[808,895,1962,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="582" rank="species">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB765070D4E7115A0FC82A6DB" bold="true" box="[808,895,1962,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="582">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(1) and superficial dorsal view with the general arrangement of the rhabdites in both new
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB765070D4F6415C2FD60A6BA" box="[573,669,1992,2014]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="582" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB765070D4F6415C2FD60A6BA" box="[573,669,1992,2014]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="582">Otoplana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (2).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="36D66646B76A07024DCE1728FE13A433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215873/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="583" targetBox="[177,1430,189,1279]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76A07024DCE1728FE13A433" blockId="8.[151,1436,1314,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76A07024DCE1728FEDBA45C" bold="true" box="[151,294,1314,1337]" pageId="8" pageNumber="583">FIGURES 10</emphasis>
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76A07024C6A1729FEAEA45C" bold="true" box="[307,339,1315,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="583">13.</emphasis>
Photographs of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76A07024CA11728FD26A45C" box="[504,731,1314,1336]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="8" pageNumber="583" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcataspina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76A07024CA11728FD26A45C" box="[504,731,1314,1336]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="583">Otoplana falcataspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B76A07024FB81729FCCCA45C" box="[737,817,1315,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="583" rank="species">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76A07024FB81729FCCCA45C" bold="true" box="[737,817,1315,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="583">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76A07024E6E1729FC86A45C" box="[823,891,1315,1336]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="583">in vivo</emphasis>
: 10, living animal; 11, anterior end; 12, posterior end; 13, male copulatory organ region.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="36D66646B76A07024DCE15D0FBF2A694" box="[151,1039,2010,2033]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215874/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="583" targetBox="[151,1423,1433,1972]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76A07024DCE15D0FBF2A694" blockId="8.[151,1039,2010,2033]" box="[151,1039,2010,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="583">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76A07024DCE15D0FEDAA694" bold="true" box="[151,295,2010,2033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="583">FIGURES 14</emphasis>
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76A07024C6D15D1FEAEA694" bold="true" box="[308,339,2011,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="583">15.</emphasis>
Spines of male sclerotic apparatus of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76A07024F8C15D1FC45A695" box="[725,952,2011,2033]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="8" pageNumber="583" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcataspina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76A07024F8C15D1FC45A695" box="[725,952,2011,2033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="583">Otoplana falcataspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B76A07024EE715D1FBF2A694" box="[958,1039,2011,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="583" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="36D66646B76B07034DCE1187FE96A2A6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215875/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" targetBox="[173,1423,226,863]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76B07034DCE1187FE96A2A6" blockId="9.[151,1436,909,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034DCE1187FED0A2C7" bold="true" box="[151,301,909,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">FIGURES 16</emphasis>
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034C601184FEA4A2C7" bold="true" box="[313,345,910,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">17.</emphasis>
Tracing (16) and spatial distribution (17) of the spines of the male sclerotic apparatus of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B070348651184FEE9A2A6" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcataspina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B070348651184FEE9A2A6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Otoplana falcataspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4BEE57A7B76B07034C4311A7FE96A2A6" box="[282,363,941,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="2AB36545B76B07004D9E11E5FB91A3E0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76B07034D9E11E5FF1DA740" blockId="9.[151,1436,1007,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034D9E11E5FEC6A563" bold="true" box="[199,315,1007,1031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new species
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034F5D11E5FD02A563" box="[516,767,1007,1031]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcataspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034F5D11E5FD02A563" box="[516,767,1007,1031]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">Otoplana falcataspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a smaller body size, in comparison to all the species of this genus previously described. Only the sexually mature specimens of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034EE0161EFBBAA54F" box="[953,1095,1043,1067]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="labronica">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034EE0161EFBBAA54F" box="[953,1095,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034EE0161EFC2DA54F" box="[953,976,1044,1067]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. labronica
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit a smaller size (1.21.5 mm). The appearance of the cephalic swelling and the distribution of the rhabdites are reminiscent of that observed in the other species. The distribution of the tactile hairs and tactile bristles corresponds to that described in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B070348D81656FEF2A5F3" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B070348D81656FEF2A5F3" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B070348D81656FA65A517" box="[1409,1432,1116,1139]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034C79168AFE58A5F3" box="[288,421,1152,1175]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxispina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034C79168AFE58A5F3" box="[288,421,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034C79168AFECAA5F3" box="[288,311,1152,1175]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. oxispina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034CEF168AFD9FA5F3" box="[438,610,1152,1175]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncaspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034CEF168AFD9FA5F3" box="[438,610,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034CEF168AFE30A5F3" box="[438,461,1152,1175]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. truncaspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034F2A168AFD08A5F3" box="[627,757,1152,1175]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034F2A168AFD08A5F3" box="[627,757,1152,1175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034F2A168AFD77A5F3" box="[627,650,1152,1175]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. proxima
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034E6A168AFC2CA5F3" box="[819,977,1151,1175]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034E6A168AFC2CA5F3" box="[819,977,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034E6A168AFCB7A5F3" box="[819,842,1152,1175]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. intermedia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Indeed, the anterior tactile bristles are constituted by relatively conspicuous bristles, while the posterior ones are longer and more robust. The vitellaries path, arranged in a longitudinal row from the anterior end to the penis papilla opening on each side of the body, is similar to that observed in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034C8116E6FD8BA467" box="[472,630,1259,1283]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034C8116E6FD8BA467" box="[472,630,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034C8116E6FE12A467" box="[472,495,1260,1283]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034FD016E6FCD4A467" box="[649,809,1259,1283]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034FD016E6FCD4A467" box="[649,809,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034FD016E6FD5DA467" box="[649,672,1260,1283]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. intermedia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034E3116E6FBE8A467" box="[872,1045,1260,1283]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncaspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034E3116E6FBE8A467" box="[872,1045,1260,1283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034E3116E6FC82A467" box="[872,895,1260,1283]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. truncaspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although in the new species the follicles have larger dimensions and are arranged in a single line. The localization of the testes is generally comparable to that observed in all species of the genus, but it is evident there is a greater resemblance with the pattern of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034C4D1752FE4EA40B" box="[276,435,1367,1391]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034C4D1752FE4EA40B" box="[276,435,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034C4D1752FED6A40B" box="[276,299,1368,1391]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both in their extension and in their medium-large dimensions. In
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B070349941752FA90A40B" box="[1229,1389,1367,1391]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B070349941752FA90A40B" box="[1229,1389,1367,1391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B070349941752FB19A40B" box="[1229,1252,1368,1391]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. intermedia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B070348D81752FF0EA4F7" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B070348D81752FF0EA4F7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B070348D81752FA65A40B" box="[1409,1432,1368,1391]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. proxima
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034C731776FE2FA4F7" box="[298,466,1404,1427]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncaspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034C731776FE2FA4F7" box="[298,466,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034C731776FEBCA4F7" box="[298,321,1404,1427]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. truncaspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the series of testes have an irregular composition and are formed by many follicles of medium-small size with a distribution not in a single line. Also
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034ED817AAFBF9A4D3" box="[897,1028,1440,1463]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxispina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034ED817AAFBF9A4D3" box="[897,1028,1440,1463]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034ED817AAFC65A4D3" box="[897,920,1440,1463]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. oxispina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an irregular distribution of the testes, but characterized by single follicles that alternate with follicles pairs ranging from small to medium size. Although a tract of cephalic intestine is not present, the sacciform intestine is similar to that of all the species of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76B07034D9E1425FC84A7EB" blockId="9.[151,1436,1007,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
The pharynx, the position of the germaries and of
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034E5E1425FC2BA723" box="[775,982,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">vesicula seminalis</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034EBC1425FB32A723" box="[997,1231,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">vesicula granulorum</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034850143AFA61A723" box="[1289,1436,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">penis papilla</emphasis>
coincide with the other species of the genus, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034ECE145EFBE7A70F" box="[919,1050,1620,1643]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxispina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034ECE145EFBE7A70F" box="[919,1050,1620,1643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034ECE145EFC53A70F" box="[919,942,1620,1643]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. oxispina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which shows the pharynx with a more central position in the organism (Lanfranchi &amp; Melai 2007).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76B07004D9E1491FF2AA000" blockId="9.[151,1436,1007,2004]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
The spines of the male copulatory organ of the new species show a different organization compared to that of all the other species described in this genus. The total number of spines (2122) observed in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B0703498914CAFA7DA7B3" box="[1232,1408,1727,1751]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcataspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B0703498914CAFA7DA7B3" box="[1232,1408,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B0703498914CAFB1AA7B3" box="[1232,1255,1728,1751]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. falcataspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is fewer than that of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034C3B14EEFE01A79F" box="[354,508,1763,1787]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034C3B14EEFE01A79F" box="[354,508,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034C3B14EEFE84A79F" box="[354,377,1764,1787]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(3033),
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034F3114EEFCF9A79F" box="[616,772,1763,1787]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034F3114EEFCF9A79F" box="[616,772,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034F3114EEFD82A79F" box="[616,639,1764,1787]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. intermedia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(24),
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034E1C14EEFC3EA79F" box="[837,963,1764,1787]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034E1C14EEFC3EA79F" box="[837,963,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034E1C14EEFCA1A79F" box="[837,860,1764,1787]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. proxima
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2324) and
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B0703490114EEFAFDA79F" box="[1112,1280,1764,1787]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncaspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B0703490114EEFAFDA79F" box="[1112,1280,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B0703490114EEFB92A79F" box="[1112,1135,1764,1787]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. truncaspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(23). Only
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B070348D814EEFF07A67B" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxyspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B070348D814EEFF07A67B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B070348D814EEFA65A79F" box="[1409,1432,1764,1787]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. oxyspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents 21 spines, similar to the new species. The sclerotic apparatus is constituted by a pointed median aculeus, 5051 μm long, encircled by 2021 bristles, with variable shape and length (2244 μm). The median aculeus (M) is different from that of
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034F69155AFD34A603" box="[560,713,1871,1895]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034F69155AFD34A603" box="[560,713,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034F69155AFDBAA603" box="[560,583,1872,1895]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034F8E155AFC82A603" box="[727,895,1872,1895]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncaspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034F8E155AFC82A603" box="[727,895,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034F8E155AFD13A603" box="[727,750,1872,1895]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. truncaspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034EED155AFBC4A603" box="[948,1081,1872,1895]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxyspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034EED155AFBC4A603" box="[948,1081,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034EED155AFC36A603" box="[948,971,1872,1895]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. oxyspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the widest proximal extremity and the very robust body thickness, pointed and blunt on only one side of the distal end. On the contrary,
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034DCE1592FECEA6CB" box="[151,307,1943,1967]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034DCE1592FECEA6CB" box="[151,307,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034DCE1592FF53A6CB" box="[151,174,1944,1967]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. intermedia
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034C321592FE17A6CB" box="[363,490,1944,1967]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034C321592FE17A6CB" box="[363,490,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034C321592FE7FA6CB" box="[363,386,1944,1967]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. proxima
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack a funnel-shaped aculeus. Worthy of note is the presence of two curved bristles (a), 44 μm long, on both sides of the median aculeus, only found in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76B07034EFE15B6FBD7A6B7" box="[935,1066,1980,2003]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="9" pageNumber="584" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxispina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76B07034EFE15B6FBD7A6B7" box="[935,1066,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76B07034EFE15B6FC43A6B7" box="[935,958,1980,2003]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="584">O</collectingCountry>
. oxispina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with a well-developed subterminal cuneiform prominence on the concave side and of smaller length (36 μm). In the new species, 2021 spines decrease in length towards the margins of the crown from 44 to 22 μm, forming a crown starting from the sides of the central aculeus, very similar to that observed in
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76807004E0312EAFC0AA19C" box="[858,1015,224,248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76807004E0312EAFC0AA19C" box="[858,1015,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76807004E0312EAFC8CA193" box="[858,881,224,247]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where there are a number of spines ranging from 29 to 33 units (3359 μm long), having a slightly hooked distal end. Therefore, the sclerotic apparatus shows a very similar pattern in these two species, but the specific characteristics of the spines differ from each other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76807004D9E137AFEE8A358" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76807004D9E137AFE67A0EC" box="[199,410,368,392]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="oxispina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76807004D9E137AFE67A0EC" box="[199,410,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Otoplana oxispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has some similarities with the new species; however, it shows clear differences in spine length and the distinctiveness of their distal extremities. Indeed, it presents 20 longer spines (6536 μm), slightly curved with pointed tips bent outward. The new species shows instead, an increase in spine thickness, but does not have a well-defined denticle or sub-terminal cuneiform prominence at the distal end.
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB768070049C513D6FB46A090" box="[1180,1211,476,500]" name="American Samoa" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">As</collectingCountry>
far as body form, distribution, dimensions of testes and vitellaries, and pharynx position are concerned, it most closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB768070048D8100AFEF2A358" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bosporana">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB768070048D8100AFEF2A358" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB768070048D8100AFA65A373" box="[1409,1432,512,535]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">O</collectingCountry>
. bosporana
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76807004D9E104DFB91A3E0" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
On the base of the data presented we conclude that
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76807004E691042FC1CA304" box="[816,993,584,608]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcataspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76807004E691042FC1CA304" box="[816,993,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<collectingCountry id="1ABE765EB76807004E691042FCBAA33B" box="[816,839,584,607]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">O</collectingCountry>
. falcataspina
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the previously described species in body dimensions and, above all, the characteristics of the sclerotic apparatus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AB36545B76807004D9E109AFE58A394" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76807004D9E109AFE1CA3A9" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76807004D9E109AFEB5A3CC" bold="true" box="[199,328,656,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Etymology</emphasis>
: The name
<taxonomicName id="A5A94D4DB76807004C97109AFDA4A3CC" box="[462,601,656,680]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Otoplanidae" genus="Otoplana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcataspina">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76807004C97109AFDA4A3CC" box="[462,601,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">falcataspina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is based on the presence of sickle shaped spines in the sclerotic apparatus of the male copulatory organ.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="621636CEB76807004D9E10DDFE58A394" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" box="[199,421,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76807004D9E10DDFEDEA394" bold="true" box="[199,291,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Habitat</emphasis>
: Surf zone.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2AB36545B76807004D9E10F1FD35A270" box="[199,712,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="621636CEB76807004D9E10F1FD35A270" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,789]" box="[199,712,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">
<emphasis id="50DDEADCB76807004D9E10F1FEA4A270" bold="true" box="[199,345,763,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">Distribution</emphasis>
: Known only from
<typeStatus id="BD12886CB76807004F6E10F7FD9AA271" box="[567,615,765,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="585">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>