308 lines
37 KiB
XML
308 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="4585D062CE181EEB8CD77779A9D9503D" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4154.2.4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4154.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ee339baa-0fd3-4bc3-8a4e-b903c8d00615" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="255176" ID-ZooBank="B7D82FB6-A77A-49B3-AF05-87DB9B2F9A44" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1471588406633" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stauffer Jr, J. R., Konings, F. & Ryan, T. M." docDate="2016" docId="E92F87C0E538D611FF3EFD4EFCDBF110" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4154.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4154 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudotropheus elegans Trewavas 1935" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="176" masterDocId="1516FFB8E53DD616FFA9FFFAFFF4F604" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Pseudotropheus livingstonii and Pseudotropheus elegans from Lake Malaŵi, Africa" masterLastPageNumber="178" masterPageNumber="169" pageNumber="174" updateTime="1698382100567" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F58B590A744405D9A15927C5F212FE82">
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<mods:title id="EEAD7092B245118DC337700050F7D8D2">Redescription of Pseudotropheus livingstonii and Pseudotropheus elegans from Lake Malaŵi, Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BE4B754E011FE3CACE43D552EF39ACF2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="46CAD9FF40E803CAC60542B62ECA22EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="447E28FD99D3CA0A96CF08CCFE95040C">Stauffer Jr, J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="643BF2BEFA3C85DC958E197A678E4444">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C66AB0EFAF195AEDF17C28F519B416B8">Konings, F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C869188256BACF819C18D21C019120E9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A707D9956792ABFEA007F9A2CA86892E">Ryan, T. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AAC1733CD991DA828E37B2B347B076B0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4585E2EF1AEDC581A93B581DB81B84A7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="BF92727F71E509E5CED85C63042D5CE0">
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<mods:date id="10105C24D92A2331D8CFA86F757C3E67">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EC2B31BCE715E4783A07B8E1E30BB9AA">4154</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="985929797E287E63E2D2877F04062829">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="571D6CC31332C62634BD712D94FC32F8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4154.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E92F87C0E538D611FF3EFD4EFCDBF110" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5617628" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124405912" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5617628" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E92F87C0E538D611FF3EFD4EFCDBF110" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E92F87C0E538D611FF3EFD4EFCDBF110" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
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<subSubSection id="299C655DE538D613FF3EFD4EFF1FF4EB" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="613936D6E538D613FF3EFD4EFD88F4CA" blockId="5.[151,636,692,751]" box="[151,636,692,718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
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<heading id="3A7181BAE538D613FF3EFD4EFD88F4CA" bold="true" box="[151,636,692,718]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FF3EFD4EFD88F4CA" ID-CoL="78HQX" authority="Trewavas 1935" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,636,692,718]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF3EFD4EFD88F4CA" bold="true" box="[151,636,692,718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
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<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF3EFD4EFE4FF4CA" bold="true" box="[151,443,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Pseudotropheus elegans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="05174B27E538D613FE6BFD4EFD88F4CA" author="Trewavas" box="[450,636,692,718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" refString="Trewavas, E. (1935) A synopsis of the cichlid fishes of Lake Nyasa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 65 - 118. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933508655026" type="journal article" year="1935">Trewavas 1935</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="613936D6E538D613FF3EFD2CFF1FF4EB" blockId="5.[151,636,692,751]" box="[151,235,726,751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F9BD2A53E538D613FF36FD2CFF16F4EB" box="[159,226,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1807,1829]" captionText="FIGURE 3. The holotype of Pseudotropheus elegans (BMNH 1935.6.14.127)." pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="299C655DE538D613FF3EFCE4FDBFF594" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="613936D6E538D613FF3EFCE4FDDAF530" blockId="5.[151,783,798,912]" box="[151,558,798,820]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
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<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FF3EFCE4FDDAF530" ID-CoL="78HQX" authority="Trewavas 1935" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,558,798,820]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF3EFCE4FE78F530" box="[151,396,798,820]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Pseudotropheus elegans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="05174B27E538D613FE3AFCE5FDDAF530" author="Trewavas" box="[403,558,798,820]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" refString="Trewavas, E. (1935) A synopsis of the cichlid fishes of Lake Nyasa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 65 - 118. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933508655026" type="journal article" year="1935">Trewavas 1935</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="613936D6E538D613FF3EFCC7FDBEF557" blockId="5.[151,783,798,912]" box="[151,586,829,851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
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<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FF3EFCC7FE93F557" box="[151,359,829,851]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Metriaclima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF3EFCC7FE93F557" box="[151,359,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Metriaclima elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="05174B27E538D613FE2DFCC7FDBEF557" author="Stauffer" box="[388,586,829,851]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" refString="Stauffer, J. R. Jr., Bowers, N. J., Kellogg, K. A. & McKaye, K. R. (1997) A revision of the blue-black Pseudotropheus zebra (Teleostei: Cichlidae) complex from Lake Malawi, Africa, with a description of a new genus and ten new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 148, 189 - 230." type="journal article" year="1997">
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Stauffer
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<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FE77FCC4FDFFF557" box="[478,523,829,851]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">et al</emphasis>
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. 1997
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="613936D6E538D613FF3EFCA6FDBFF594" blockId="5.[151,783,798,912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FF3EFCA6FE45F576" ID-CoL="6WHPK" box="[151,433,860,882]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livingstonii">
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<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF3EFCA6FE45F576" box="[151,433,860,882]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Pseudotropheus livingstonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(non-Boulenger).—
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<bibRefCitation id="05174B27E538D613FDD6FCA6FCFBF576" author="Konings" box="[639,783,860,882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" refString="Konings, A. F. (2007) Malawi cichlids in their natural habitat. 4 th Edition. Cichlid Press, El Paso, Texas, 424 pp." type="book" year="2007">Konings 2007</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FF3EFC80FECDF594" ID-CoL="73XT" box="[151,313,890,912]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF3EFC80FECDF594" box="[151,313,890,912]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Pseudotropheus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. ‘acei’.—
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<bibRefCitation id="05174B27E538D613FE1EFC80FDBFF594" author="Konings" box="[439,587,890,912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" refString="Konings, A. F. (2007) Malawi cichlids in their natural habitat. 4 th Edition. Cichlid Press, El Paso, Texas, 424 pp." type="book" year="2007">Konings 2007</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="299C655DE538D613FF3EFC47FA66F5FD" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="613936D6E538D613FF3EFC47FA66F5FD" blockId="5.[151,1437,957,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
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||
<materialsCitation id="D1EE3C8BE538D613FF3EFC47FF04F5FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291817993" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Malawi" location="Chilumba Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF3EFC47FE75F5D2" bold="true" box="[151,385,957,982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FE21FC47FD6CF5D2" box="[392,664,957,982]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FE21FC47FD6CF5D2" box="[392,664,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Pseudotropheus elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectionCode id="0797AE13E538D613FD0FFC47FD0FF5D2" box="[678,763,957,982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1935.6.14.127,
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<typeStatus id="BE3D8874E538D613FC03FC47FBFBF5D2" box="[938,1039,957,982]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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||
<quantity id="A67E9B33E538D613FBB3FC47FB8BF5D1" box="[1050,1151,957,982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="85.4">85.4 mm</quantity>
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SL,
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<location id="6459600DE538D613FB1CFC47FAACF5D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E92F87C0E538D611FF3EFD4EFCDBF110:6459600DE538D613FB1CFC47FAACF5D2" box="[1205,1368,957,982]" country="Malawi" name="Chilumba Bay" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Chilumba Bay</location>
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, Lake
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<collectingCountry id="19917646E538D613FF3EFC1BFF04F5FE" box="[151,240,993,1018]" name="Malawi" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="D1EE3C8BE538D613FF52FC18FA77F5FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291817995" box="[251,1411,993,1018]" collectionCode="PSU" country="Malawi" latitude="-12.396067" location="Chitande Island" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.25458" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" specimenCode="PSU11394, 12" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<specimenCode id="31209EADE538D613FF52FC18FE69F5FE" box="[251,413,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
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<collectionCode id="0797AE13E538D613FF52FC18FEC4F5FE" box="[251,304,994,1018]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">PSU</collectionCode>
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||
11394, 12
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</specimenCode>
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||
specimens,
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||
<quantity id="A67E9B33E538D613FD8EFC1BFD3EF5FD" box="[551,714,993,1018]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.325" metricValueMax="6.31" metricValueMin="4.34" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="53.25" valueMax="63.1" valueMin="43.4">43.4–63.1 mm</quantity>
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||
SL,
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||
<location id="6459600DE538D613FCA9FC1BFC46F5FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E92F87C0E538D611FF3EFD4EFCDBF110:6459600DE538D613FCA9FC1BFC46F5FE" box="[768,946,993,1018]" country="Malawi" latitude="-12.396067" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="34.25458" name="Chitande Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Chitande Island</location>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="04B25011E538D613FC17FC18FBB8F5FE" box="[958,1100,993,1018]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" precision="1" value="-12.396067">12º 23.764'S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="04B25011E538D613FBFBFC18FB17F5FE" box="[1106,1251,993,1018]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" precision="1" value="34.25458">34º 15.275'E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, Lake
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<collectingCountry id="19917646E538D613FA87FC1BFA77F5FE" box="[1326,1411,993,1018]" name="Malawi" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Malaŵi</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="299C655DE538D613FF6EFBFFFA9EF28E" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="613936D6E538D613FF6EFBFFFA9EF28E" blockId="5.[151,1437,957,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF6EFBFFFEB5F21A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1029,1054]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FEE4FBFFFD96F21A" box="[333,610,1029,1054]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FEE4FBFFFD96F21A" box="[333,610,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Pseudotropheus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is distinguished from all other members currently in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FB4BFBFFFA61F21A" box="[1250,1429,1029,1054]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FB4BFBFFFA61F21A" box="[1250,1429,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Pseudotropheus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FF40FBD0FE9AF246" box="[233,366,1065,1090]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
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||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF40FBD0FE9AF246" box="[233,366,1065,1090]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">P. williamsi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, by a pale yellow to hyaline dorsal fin and by the absence of distinct vertical bars below the dorsal fin. Most species of
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<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FE60FBB7FD88F262" box="[457,636,1101,1126]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FE60FBB7FD88F262" box="[457,636,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Pseudotropheus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
either have distinct bars below the dorsal fin or a dorsal fin with black pigment. It is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FDA5FB88FD7AF28E" box="[524,654,1137,1162]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FDA5FB88FD7AF28E" box="[524,654,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">P. williamsi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of two horizontal lines of black dots on the flank.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="299C655DE538D610FF6EFB6FFDC3F7FE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="613936D6E538D613FF6EFB6FFB45F3AE" blockId="5.[151,1437,957,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF6EFB6FFEADF2AA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1173,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Principal morphometric ratios and meristics for
|
||
<typeStatus id="BE3D8874E538D613FCD0FB6FFC2FF2AA" box="[889,987,1173,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and population from Chitande
|
||
<collectingCountry id="19917646E538D613FA93FB6FFA8AF2AA" box="[1338,1406,1173,1198]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<tableCitation id="2C04036DE538D613FF3EFB43FF1FF2D6" box="[151,235,1209,1234]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,1129,1152]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,1180,1955]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic values of Pseudotropheus livingstonii, and P. elegans." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/35F9665EE53ED615FF3EFB93FB8DF284" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" tableUuid="35F9665EE53ED615FF3EFB93FB8DF284">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Medium-sized mbuna, ovoid body (mean BD 31.6% SL) with greatest depth at about 6–7th dorsal spine. Dorsal body profile with gradual curve downward, more acute towards caudal peduncle; ventral body profile slightly convex between pelvic fins and base of rays of anal fin with upward taper to caudal peduncle. Dorsal head profile round, with continuous curve between interorbital and dorsal-fin origin; horizontal eye diameter (mean 36.7% HL) greater than preorbital depth (mean 16.3% HL); eye (along horizontal axis) in anterior half of head; snout straight; jaws isognathus; tooth bands with 4 rows in upper jaw and 3–4 rows in lower; teeth in anterior outer row bicuspid with posterior lateral teeth primarily unicuspid, and teeth in inner rows tricuspid
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="35F9665EE538D613FF3EF8F5FC46F121" box="[151,946,1807,1829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<paragraph id="613936D6E538D613FF3EF8F5FC46F121" blockId="5.[151,946,1807,1829]" box="[151,946,1807,1829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FF3EF8F5FEE6F121" bold="true" box="[151,274,1807,1829]" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E538D613FE69F8F5FD42F121" box="[448,694,1807,1829]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E538D613FE69F8F5FD42F121" box="[448,694,1807,1829]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Pseudotropheus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH1935.6.14.127).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="613936D6E538D610FF6EF8A8FAC5F742" blockId="5.[151,1436,1874,2007]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,830]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="5" pageNumber="174">Dorsal fin XVII–XIX (mode XVIII) and 8–9 (mode 9). Anal fin III and 8–9 (mode 8). First 4–5 dorsal-fin spines gradually longer posteriorly with fourth spine about 1½ times length of first; last 13 dorsal-fin spines increasingly longer posteriorly with last spine longest, about 2 times length of first; soft dorsal fin with subacuminate tip, third or fourth ray longest, to approximately ¼ length of caudal fin. Anal-fin spines progressively longer posteriorly; 3rd or 4th ray longest, to base of caudal fin in both sexes; 1–3 small yellow spots on posterior part of anal fin. Caudal fin subtruncate to slightly emarginate. Length of pelvic fin to first spine of anal fin. Pectoral fin short and paddle-shaped, length to vertical line through base of 10–11th dorsal-fin spine. Flank scales ctenoid with abrupt transition to small scales on breast; 32–33 lateral-line scales; cheek with 3 rows of small scales; caudal fin with tiny scales to ¼ length; no scales on other fins. Gill rakers on first ceratobranchial 10–12 (mode 11).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="613936D6E53BD610FF6EFEABFDC3F7FE" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">Recently captured fish with gray head, white gular region, and black opercular spot. Laterally gray ground coloration; scales with green outline; breast and belly gray. Dorsal fin pale yellow to hyaline. Caudal fin with two ventral rays and membranes black; remainder clear with faint white spots. Anal fin black with white marginal band; 1–3 yellow ocelli in rayed portion. Pectoral-fin rays clear; pelvic-fin rays black anteriorly, remainder clear. Coloration of female similar to male.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="299C655DE53BD611FF6EFDFFFCDBF110" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="613936D6E53BD610FF6EFDFFFF17F53A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D1EE3C8BE53BD610FF6EFDFFFF2BF53A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291817994" location="Chitande Island" municipality="Chitande Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53BD610FF6EFDFFFECFF41A" bold="true" box="[199,315,517,542]" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="BE3D8874E53BD610FED0FDFFFE2FF41A" box="[377,475,517,542]" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53BD610FDAFFDFDFD8DF41A" box="[518,633,517,542]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53BD610FDAFFDFDFD8DF41A" box="[518,633,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a population of this species collected from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="815DACACE53BD610FB00FDFFFAA8F41A" box="[1193,1372,517,542]" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">Chitande Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
were compared morphologically to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BE3D8874E53BD610FDBBFDD3FD80F446" box="[530,628,553,578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53BD610FD30FDD0FCC6F446" box="[665,818,553,578]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livingstonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53BD610FD30FDD0FCC6F446" box="[665,818,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">P. livingstonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53BD610FBB0FDD0FB46F446" box="[1049,1202,553,578]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livingstonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53BD610FBB0FDD0FB46F446" box="[1049,1202,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">P. livingstonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A342F834E53BD610FACBFDD0FA68F446" box="[1378,1436,554,578]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Maclear. A plot of the sheared third principal components of the morphometric data against the first principal components of the meristic data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F9BD2A53E53BD610FDBAFD8BFDA3F48E" box="[531,599,625,650]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[254,1324,914,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[232,1351,902,1843]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sheared third principal components (morphometric data) plotted against the first principal components (meristic data) of the holotype (x) and specimens of Pseudotropheus livingstonii from Cape Maclear (■) and the holotype (+) and specimens of P. elegans from Chitande (o). The minimum polygon clusters are bounded by 95 % confidence levels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255178/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) showed that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BE3D8874E53BD610FC8AFD8BFC71F48E" box="[803,901,625,650]" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53BD610FC04FD88FBBCF48E" box="[941,1096,625,650]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livingstonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53BD610FC04FD88FBBCF48E" box="[941,1096,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">P. livingstonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grouped within the minimum polygon clusters and the 95% confidence ellipses formed by the meristic and morphometric data from those individuals collected at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A342F834E53BD610FE0BFD40FE2FF4D6" box="[418,475,698,722]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Maclear. A plot of the sheared second principal components against the sheared third principal components (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F9BD2A53E53BD610FE31FD27FE2EF4F2" box="[408,474,733,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1155,1177]" captionTargetBox="[260,1329,201,1116]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[249,1339,193,1127]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Sheared second principal components (morphometric data) plotted against the sheared third principal components (morphometric data) of the holotype (x) and specimens of Pseudotropheus livingstonii from Cape Maclear (■) and the holotype (+) and specimens of P. elegans from Chitande (o). The minimum polygon clusters are bounded by 95 % confidence levels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255179/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) showed that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BE3D8874E53BD610FD08FD27FCF7F4F2" box="[673,771,733,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53BD610FC81FD24FC6DF4F2" box="[808,921,733,758]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53BD610FC81FD24FC6DF4F2" box="[808,921,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grouped within the minimum polygon cluster and the 95% confidence ellipses formed by the morphometric data from those individuals collected at
|
||
<location id="6459600DE53BD610FA9EFCFBFF2BF53A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E92F87C0E538D611FF3EFD4EFCDBF110:6459600DE53BD610FA9EFCFBFF2BF53A" municipality="Chitande Island" name="Chitande Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" stateProvince="Cape">Chitande Island</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="35F9665EE53BD610FF3EF8A2FAD0F1A8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255178/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" targetBox="[254,1324,914,1831]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="613936D6E53BD610FF3EF8A2FAD0F1A8" blockId="6.[151,1435,1880,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53BD610FF3EF8A2FEE7F16A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1880,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Sheared third principal components (morphometric data) plotted against the first principal components (meristic data) of the holotype (x) and specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53BD610FDC0F88DFC73F189" box="[617,903,1911,1933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livingstonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53BD610FDC0F88DFC73F189" box="[617,903,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">Pseudotropheus livingstonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cape Maclear (■) and the holotype (+) and specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53BD610FE8BF86DFE7CF1A8" box="[290,392,1942,1964]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="175" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53BD610FE8BF86DFE7CF1A8" box="[290,392,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="175">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Chitande (o). The minimum polygon clusters are bounded by 95% confidence levels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="35F9665EE53AD611FF3EFB79FA80F2D2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255179/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" targetBox="[260,1329,201,1116]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="613936D6E53AD611FF3EFB79FA80F2D2" blockId="7.[151,1436,1155,1239]" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FF3EFB79FEE6F29D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1155,1177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Sheared second principal components (morphometric data) plotted against the sheared third principal components (morphometric data) of the holotype (x) and specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FD4DFB58FC0AF2BC" box="[740,1022,1186,1208]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livingstonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FD4DFB58FC0AF2BC" box="[740,1022,1186,1208]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">Pseudotropheus livingstonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cape Maclear (■) and the holotype (+) and specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FEDBFB38FE2CF2D2" box="[370,472,1216,1239]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FEDBFB38FE2CF2D2" box="[370,472,1216,1239]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Chitande (o). The minimum polygon clusters are bounded by 95% confidence levels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="613936D6E53AD611FF6EFAF9FC42F064" blockId="7.[151,1437,1283,1812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">The first principal component (size variable) of the morphometric data explained 96% of the observed variance, the sheared second principal component explained 25% and the third sheared principal component explained 15% of the remaining variance. Variables that had the highest loadings on the sheared second principal components of the morphometric data were preorbital depth (-0.51), distance between the posterior insertion of the anal fin and dorsal origin of the caudal fin (0.38), and the distance between the posterior insertion of the dorsal fin and the ventral origin of the caudal fin (0.27). Variables that had the highest loadings on the sheared third principal components of the morphometric data were snout length (-0.63), vertical eye diameter (0.43), and head depth (0.31). The first principal component of the meristic data explained 39.8% of the variance. Variables with the highest loadings on the first principal components of the meristic data were tooth rows on the upper jaw (0.40), pored scales posterior to the lateral line (0.36), and anal-fin rays (0.38).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="613936D6E53AD611FF6EF991FCDBF110" blockId="7.[151,1437,1283,1812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">
|
||
The HRCT scans permitted us to critically analyze the shape of the skull of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BE3D8874E53AD611FB0AF996FB27F080" box="[1187,1235,1644,1668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FA2EF996FEE1F0AC" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livingstonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FA2EF996FEE1F0AC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">P. livingstonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FE8BF96AFE66F0AC" box="[290,402,1679,1704]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FE8BF96AFE66F0AC" box="[290,402,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FE67F96AFD9DF0AC" box="[462,617,1679,1704]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Metriaclima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanisticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FE67F96AFD9DF0AC" box="[462,617,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">M. lanisticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a sand-dwelling species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FC0AF975FBD9F0AC" box="[931,1069,1679,1704]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Metriaclima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FC0AF975FBD9F0AC" box="[931,1069,1679,1704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">Metriaclima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We found that the angle that the ethmo-vomerine bloc makes with the parasphenoid is much more acute in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FC5DF949FB5CF0C8" box="[1012,1192,1715,1740]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FC5DF949FB5CF0C8" box="[1012,1192,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">Pseudotropheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FAA2F949FA61F0C8" box="[1291,1429,1715,1740]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Metriaclima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FAA2F949FA61F0C8" box="[1291,1429,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">Metriaclima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The angle in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BE3D8874E53AD611FEC8F92DFE37F0F4" box="[353,451,1751,1776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FE46F922FD78F0F4" box="[495,652,1751,1776]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livingstonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FE46F922FD78F0F4" box="[495,652,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">P. livingstonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 57°, and in that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FC3CF922FBFEF0F4" box="[917,1034,1751,1776]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pseudotropheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FC3CF922FBFEF0F4" box="[917,1034,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">P. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 58°. The ethmo-vomerine bloc/ parasphenoid angle in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="BE3D8874E53AD611FE14F901FDEBF110" box="[445,543,1787,1812]" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6864D55E53AD611FDEDF906FD2BF110" box="[580,735,1787,1812]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Metriaclima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="176" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanisticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="53F2EAC4E53AD611FDEDF906FD2BF110" box="[580,735,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="176">M. lanisticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 48°.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |