303 lines
31 KiB
XML
303 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7140b994-d67e-44a7-a4e1-daa7216c6b46" ID-PMC="PMC5784208" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-717-1" ID-PubMed="29391848" ID-ZBK="C19B43B1B3214CB1B1B2A246CEAC56BC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-717-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 717" ModsDocTitle="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)" checkinTime="1512083542653" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Korshunova, Tatiana, Martynov, Alexander, Bakken, Torkild, Evertsen, Jussi, Fletcher, Karin, Mudianta, I Wayan, Saito, Hiroshi, Lundin, Kennet, Michael Schroedl, & Picton, Bernard" docDate="2017" docId="E7FB910A86625F39B7775D2A3D7FBCBE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 717: 1-139" docOrigin="ZooKeys 717" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885" docTitle="Chlamylla Bergh 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFED910FFFF5FFC82005844DFFF1FFA8" masterDocTitle="Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)" masterLastPageNumber="139" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1668165142384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Korshunova, Tatiana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Martynov, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bakken, Torkild</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Evertsen, Jussi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fletcher, Karin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mudianta, I Wayan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Saito, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lundin, Kennet</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michael Schroedl,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Picton, Bernard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>717</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>139</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-717-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C19B43B1B3214CB1B1B2A246CEAC56BC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C19B43B1B3214CB1B1B2A246CEAC56BC</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137581515" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E7FB910A86625F39B7775D2A3D7FBCBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7FB910A86625F39B7775D2A3D7FBCBE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bergh, 1886" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1886" class="Gastropoda" family="Flabellinidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chlamylla Bergh, 1886</taxonomicName>
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Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla borealis" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="borealis">Chlamylla borealis</taxonomicName>
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Bergh, 1886
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Body wide. Notal edge present, well-defined, continuous. Cerata not stalked, continuous. Rhinophores smooth to wrinkled, longer than oral tentacles. Anterior foot corners absent. Anus pleuroproctic under the notal edge. Rachidian teeth with strong denticulated cusp; lateral denticles not clearly delineated from cusp. Lateral teeth weakly denticulated to smooth without attenuated process basally. Single distal receptaculum seminis. Wide granulated prostate. Thin, long vas deferens clearly separated from prostate. External permanent penial collar. Penis elongated conical, internal.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="species included">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Species included.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla borealis" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="borealis" subSpecies="borealis">Chlamylla borealis borealis</taxonomicName>
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Bergh, 1886, stat. n. (=
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Goniaeolididae" genus="Gonieolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gonieolis atypica" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atypica">Gonieolis atypica</taxonomicName>
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Bergh, 1899, syn. n.) (Fig. 3) (original description in
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Onderzoekingstochter van de ' Willem-Barents' Expeditie Gedeelte" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 37" title="Die Nudibranchien gesammelt waehrend der Fahrten des " Willem-Barents " in das noerdliche Eismeer. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde afleverung, Amsterdam." volume="13" year="1886">Bergh 1886</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Den Danske Ingolf-Expedition" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 46" title="Nudibranchiate Gasteropoder." volume="2" year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="The Danish Ingolf-Expedition" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 49" title="Nudibranchiate Gasteropoda." volume="2" year="1900 a">1900a</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="subSpecies" species="borealis" subSpecies="orientalis">Ch. borealis orientalis</taxonomicName>
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(Volodchenko, 1941), comb. n. (Fig. 4) (original description in
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<bibRefCitation author="Volodchenko, NI" journalOrPublisher="Investigations of the far eastern seas of the USSR" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="53 - 72" title="New nudibranchiate molluscs from seas of the far-east of the U. S. S. R." volume="1" year="1941">Volodchenko 1941</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla intermedia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedia">Chlamylla intermedia</taxonomicName>
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(Bergh, 1899), comb. n. (Figs 5, 6) (original description in
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Den Danske Ingolf-Expedition" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 46" title="Nudibranchiate Gasteropoder." volume="2" year="1899">Bergh 1899</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="The Danish Ingolf-Expedition" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 49" title="Nudibranchiate Gasteropoda." volume="2" year="1900 a">1900a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Onderzoekingstochter van de ' Willem-Barents' Expeditie Gedeelte" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 37" title="Die Nudibranchien gesammelt waehrend der Fahrten des " Willem-Barents " in das noerdliche Eismeer. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde afleverung, Amsterdam." volume="13" year="1886">Bergh (1886)</bibRefCitation>
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described the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chlamylla</taxonomicName>
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based on the species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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with a continuous notum, wide granulated prostate, and aberrant radula (lateral teeth with very broad bases, rachidian teeth completely lacking denticles and having instead a pair of unusual long processes (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Onderzoekingstochter van de ' Willem-Barents' Expeditie Gedeelte" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 37" title="Die Nudibranchien gesammelt waehrend der Fahrten des " Willem-Barents " in das noerdliche Eismeer. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde afleverung, Amsterdam." volume="13" year="1886">Bergh 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: Taf. 1, fig. 14). The true identity of the type species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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with our extensive recent paracoryphellid specimens from the Arctic is a complicated question. Such radular features are completely unknown in the group of the Arctic
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<taxonomicName family="Paracoryphellidae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="family">Paracoryphellidae</taxonomicName>
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usually assigned to the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chlamylla</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Roginskaya, IS" journalOrPublisher="Keys to the Fauna of USSR" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="155 - 201" title="Order Nudibranchia Blainville, 1814. In: Molluscs of the White Sea." volume="151" year="1987">Roginskaya 1987</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Martynov 2006a</bibRefCitation>
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) Figs 1, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6E). However, the general shape of the body, shape of the jaws, presence of a wide granulated prostate, and penial collar in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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agree with specimens that are currently assigned to the species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. intermedia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="intermedia">Ch. intermedia</taxonomicName>
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. Bergh in the same work (1886) described the radula of another species "
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Goniaeolididae" genus="Goniaeolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniaeolis typica" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typica">Goniaeolis typica</taxonomicName>
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" in detail (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Onderzoekingstochter van de ' Willem-Barents' Expeditie Gedeelte" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 37" title="Die Nudibranchien gesammelt waehrend der Fahrten des " Willem-Barents " in das noerdliche Eismeer. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde afleverung, Amsterdam." volume="13" year="1886">Bergh 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: Taf. 3, fig. 14) as a normal triserial radula. However,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Onderzoekingstochter van de ' Willem-Barents' Expeditie Gedeelte" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 37" title="Die Nudibranchien gesammelt waehrend der Fahrten des " Willem-Barents " in das noerdliche Eismeer. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde afleverung, Amsterdam." volume="13" year="1886">Bergh (1886)</bibRefCitation>
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also noted that the radula of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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was in a poor condition. This may imply that either Bergh studied an abnormal specimen or had damaged the radula in some way during preparation. For this study we specially investigated the holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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(NHMD GAS-2055). It is dry and heavily dissected, but a separate cut-off of the external penial collar is left; the penis and damaged jaws are preserved. Comparison of available information from the holotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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with figures from the original description (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Onderzoekingstochter van de ' Willem-Barents' Expeditie Gedeelte" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 37" title="Die Nudibranchien gesammelt waehrend der Fahrten des " Willem-Barents " in das noerdliche Eismeer. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde afleverung, Amsterdam." volume="13" year="1886">Bergh 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: Taf. 1, fig. 22) confirms the presence of an external penial collar with caudal genital fold. According to our data only two paracoryphellid species with a complex folded penial collar are known from Arctic seas and are currently identified as
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla atypica" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atypica">Chlamylla atypica</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. intermedia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="intermedia">Ch. intermedia</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 3, 4C, 4I, 5J, 6F, 7). Morphologically these taxa differ from the rest of the traditional flabellinids, forming a distinct compact clade according to the present molecular analysis (Figs 1, 2), which demonstrates significant molecular divergence (more than 11%) from other members of the family
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<taxonomicName family="Paracoryphellidae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="family">Paracoryphellidae</taxonomicName>
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. Based on the details in the original description of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chlamylla</taxonomicName>
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and type material, we can conclude, under supposition that the radula was malformed or wrongly processed, that the type species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the same genus as known paracoryphellid species from the Arctic, currently identified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. intermedia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="intermedia">Ch. intermedia</taxonomicName>
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. Given that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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was never found again, but inhabited the same region our other samples, it is highly likely that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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is actu
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">ally</pageBreakToken>
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conspecific with one of the two currently known
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chlamylla</taxonomicName>
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species. One of these species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. intermedia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="intermedia">Ch. intermedia</taxonomicName>
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(Bergh, 1899) possesses an external penial collar but without any traces of a caudal genital fold (Fig. 5J), whereas
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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, according to both its original description (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Onderzoekingstochter van de ' Willem-Barents' Expeditie Gedeelte" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 37" title="Die Nudibranchien gesammelt waehrend der Fahrten des " Willem-Barents " in das noerdliche Eismeer. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde afleverung, Amsterdam." volume="13" year="1886">Bergh 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: Taf. 1, fig. 22a) and our novel information from the holotype, possesses a short but evident caudal genital fold. Thus, we can conclude that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. intermedia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="intermedia">Ch. intermedia</taxonomicName>
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cannot be a synonym of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
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. Another species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
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which was described under the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Goniaeolididae" genus="Goniaeolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniaeolis" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Goniaeolis</taxonomicName>
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from the Davis Strait, Greenland (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Den Danske Ingolf-Expedition" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 46" title="Nudibranchiate Gasteropoder." volume="2" year="1899">Bergh 1899</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="The Danish Ingolf-Expedition" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 49" title="Nudibranchiate Gasteropoda." volume="2" year="1900 a">1900a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) readily differs from other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chlamylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the presence of a special long external genital fold towards the anal opening (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Den Danske Ingolf-Expedition" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 46" title="Nudibranchiate Gasteropoder." volume="2" year="1899">Bergh 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="The Danish Ingolf-Expedition" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 49" title="Nudibranchiate Gasteropoda." volume="2" year="1900 a">1900a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Tab 4, fig. 6) (Fig. 3). Because
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
also possesses a genital fold, and given a high similarity of prostate patterns between our specimens previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 3J) and the figure of the reproductive system with the characteristically bent prostate as in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bergh’s">Bergh's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Onderzoekingstochter van de ' Willem-Barents' Expeditie Gedeelte" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 37" title="Die Nudibranchien gesammelt waehrend der Fahrten des " Willem-Barents " in das noerdliche Eismeer. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde afleverung, Amsterdam." volume="13" year="1886">Bergh 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Taf. 1, fig. 21) we therefore conclude that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most likely is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The differences between length of the genital fold of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(also investigated in the present study, NHMD GAS-2090) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is possibly due to considerable differences in the length of holotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the former is nearly two times shorter than the latter). Smaller specimens previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. l. may possess a considerably shorter genital fold, especially in the preserved state (Fig. 4C). Therefore, in order to preserve current usage of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chlamylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has already appeared in a number of publications on Russian nudibranch fauna, we therefore synonymise here the species
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. borealis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="borealis">Ch. borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The Japan Sea specimens are consistent with the Arctic specimens in the presence of the external genital fold, but due to minor differences in the radula and also a very large geographic gap we consider it as a subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla borealis" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="borealis" subSpecies="orientalis">Chlamylla borealis orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Volodchenko, 1941), comb. n. (Fig. 4).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla borealis" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="borealis" subSpecies="orientalis">Chlamylla borealis orientalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is locally abundant during winter in Northern Japan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hirano, YJ" journalOrPublisher="Species Diversity" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="83 - 91" title="A record of Chlamyllaatypica (Bergh, 1899) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) from Japan." volume="2" year="1997">Hirano 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and in the Russian part of the Sea of Japan (Martynov, unpublished course work (1991) as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. atypica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="atypica">Ch. atypica</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martynov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Fiton Press, Moscow" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" title="Opisthobranch molluscs of the seas of Russia. A colour guide to their taxonomy and biology." year="2011">Martynov and Korshunova 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present study). Several specimens of other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chlamylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
without such a fold from the Arctic seas (distributed at least from the Barents Sea to Laptev Sea) have no significant molecular differences between them (Figs 1, 2) and have consistent morphology (Figs 5-6) and clearly belong to the same species. The oldest name for this
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Paracoryphellidae" genus="Chlamylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chlamylla" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Chlamylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
without a genital fold is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Goniaeolididae" genus="Goniaeolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniaeolis intermedia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedia">Goniaeolis intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bergh, 1899 also from the Davis Strait, Greenland. The lateral teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Goniaeolididae" genus="Goniaeolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Goniaeolis intermedia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="intermedia">Goniaeolis intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a broad base and slightly attenuated lateral processes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bergh, R" journalOrPublisher="Den Danske Ingolf-Expedition" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 46" title="Nudibranchiate Gasteropoder." volume="2" year="1899">Bergh 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: tab 4, fig. 16) are similar to our material from the Arctic seas (Figs 5H, 6E). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. intermedia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="intermedia">G. intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacked denticles on the lateral teeth. The Arctic specimens show small, sometimes almost diminishing denticles (Fig. 6E). Such denticles are not always clearly evident. Possibly this species reaches at least the Bering Strait and potentially may enter the coldest shelf waters of the NW Pacific (i.e., Bering and Okhotsk Sea,
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Martynov 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Coryphellidae" genus="Coryphella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coryphella barentsi" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="barentsi">Coryphella barentsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Derjugin, 1924 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Derjugin, KM" journalOrPublisher="Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="145 - 174" title="Das Barents-Meer laengs dem Kola-Meridian (33 ° 30 ' oestl. L.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19240120302" volume="12" year="1924 a">Derjugin 1924a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Derjugin, KM" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta po Izucheniiu Severa, Leningrad" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="3 - 102" title="The Barents Sea in the region of the Kola Meridian (33 ° 33 ' e. l.). Transactions Northern Scientific Economic Expedition, Moscow-Leningrad." volume="19" year="1924 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, preoccupied by
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Coryphellidae" genus="Coryphella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coryphella barentsi" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="barentsi">Coryphella barentsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vayssière">Vayssiere</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1913 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vayssiere, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Institut oceanographique" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 15" title="Etude sur quelques Opisthobranches nus rapportes des cotes de la Nouvelle-Zemble par la mission Ch. Benard en 1908." volume="5" year="1913">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vayssière">Vayssiere</normalizedToken>
|
||
1913
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gosliner, TM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="105 - 150" title="Description and revision of some South African aeolidacean Nudibranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." volume="84" year="1981">Gosliner and Griffiths 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggesting a replacement name) is a possible synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ch. intermedia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="intermedia">Ch. intermedia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bergh, 1899).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |