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<document id="4D82B1F2EE2A5041192BF2ACB9A32567" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181318" ID-GBIF-Dataset="af1c1844-576a-4c6f-bda6-da7f0371a864" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181318" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459831741624" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heyer, Jacob Den &amp; Castro, Tatiane Marie Martins Gomes De" docDate="2008" docId="E46EEE5BB502B80398F1F8F7FD45A63E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01731p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1731" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Neoscirula Den Heyer 1977" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="18579623B503B8019866F958FFBDA744" masterDocTitle="Subfamilial affiliation of Neoscirula (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) and descriptions of three new species of this genus from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698223005818" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="417AB68F6ECF1976AEEB3A6EC7F89FE5">Subfamilial affiliation of Neoscirula (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) and descriptions of three new species of this genus from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1F523CFCCBF19064D8D1C6187753980D">Heyer, Jacob Den</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="82D98B082DC68DEEDEA044D4DE5C03F7">Castro, Tatiane Marie Martins Gomes De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5B1CD36B2F924A0E7D87BA81BA4F8FB7">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="373745881264F8DDDEE4115E738D3B7B">1731</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="24DD0CC6B502B80098F1F8F7FDFBA68D" box="[151,582,431,457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6C785F4DB502B80098F1F8F7FDFBA68D" blockId="1.[151,582,431,457]" box="[151,582,431,457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="3730E821B502B80098F1F8F7FDFBA68D" bold="true" box="[151,582,431,457]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B80098F1F8F7FDFBA68D" bold="true" box="[151,582,431,457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009888F8F7FDFBA68D" authority="Den Heyer, 1977" authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1977" box="[238,582,431,457]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neoscirula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009888F8F7FECFA68D" bold="true" box="[238,370,431,457]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Neoscirula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B800991FF8F7FDFBA68D" author="Den" box="[377,582,431,457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. (1977) A new genus Neoscirula (Cunaxidae: Prostigmata: Acari) from Ethiopian Region. Journal of Entomological Society of South Africa, 40 (1), 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1977">Den Heyer, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6C785F4DB502B80098F1F8A2FD16A555" blockId="1.[151,683,506,529]" box="[151,683,506,529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="B37CE1EFB502B80098F1F8A2FF71A555" box="[151,204,506,529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B800994BF8A2FD16A555" authority="Den Heyer,1977" authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1977" box="[301,683,506,529]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neoscirula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theroni">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B800994BF8A2FE48A555" box="[301,501,506,529]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Neoscirula theroni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B800999AF8A2FD16A555" author="Den" box="[508,683,506,529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. (1977) A new genus Neoscirula (Cunaxidae: Prostigmata: Acari) from Ethiopian Region. Journal of Entomological Society of South Africa, 40 (1), 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1977">Den Heyer,1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C785F4DB502B80098F1FB1AFA38A430" blockId="1.[151,1437,578,1204]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009979FB1AFE1DA51F" box="[287,416,578,603]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neoscirula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009979FB1AFE1DA51F" box="[287,416,578,603]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Neoscirula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was erected by
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B8009A0DFB1AFCF5A518" box="[619,840,578,604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. (1977) A new genus Neoscirula (Cunaxidae: Prostigmata: Acari) from Ethiopian Region. Journal of Entomological Society of South Africa, 40 (1), 73 - 86." type="journal article">Den Heyer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
and was consequently included in the subfamily Coleoscirinae (
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B800993DFB32FD84A5C0" author="Den" box="[347,569,618,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. (1980 a) A classification system for the family Cunaxidae (Actinedida: Acarida). Publication of the University of the North, series A 23, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="a">Den Heyer 1980a</bibRefCitation>
). It was transferred by
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B8009B06FB32FBB0A5C0" author="Smiley" box="[864,1037,618,644]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Smiley, R. L. (1992) The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the World with a new classification. Indira Publising House, Michigan, 356 pp." type="book" year="1992">Smiley (1992)</bibRefCitation>
to the subfamily Bonzinae
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B8009D0AFB32FEA2A5E8" author="Den" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. (1978) Bonzinae, a new subfamily of the Cunaxidae (Prostigmata: Acari) from the Ethiopian Region. Acarologia, 19 (4), 601 - 618." type="journal article" year="1978">Den Heyer,1978</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009954FBCAFE13A5E8" bold="true" box="[306,430,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Nota bene</emphasis>
: The original spelling of the latter subfamily name is with a single
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009CB2FBCAFB61A5E8" bold="true" box="[1236,1244,658,684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">i</emphasis>
) mainly on the grounds of these mites having, according to his interpretation, a pair of geniculate
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009C1FFBE2FB0CA590" bold="true" box="[1145,1201,698,724]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">hg 1</emphasis>
setae, a feature not mentioned in the original description of this genus.
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B8009A9AFBBAFC5CA5B8" box="[764,993,738,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. (1980 b) Six new species of the subfamily Coleoscirinae (Cunaxidae: Actinedida: Acarida). Phytophylactica, 12, 105 - 128." type="journal article">Den Heyer (1980b)</bibRefCitation>
referred to this pair of setae as being “semi-geniculate” in
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B80099E9FA52FDE6A467" box="[399,603,778,803]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neoscirula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sevidi">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B80099E9FA52FDE6A467" box="[399,603,778,803]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Neoscirula sevidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This could have led to the statement by
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B8009C5FFA52FB5CA460" author="Smiley" box="[1081,1249,778,804]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Smiley, R. L. (1992) The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the World with a new classification. Indira Publising House, Michigan, 356 pp." type="book" year="1992">Smiley (1992)</bibRefCitation>
that
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009D7DFA52FA21A467" box="[1307,1436,778,803]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neoscirula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009D7DFA52FA21A467" box="[1307,1436,778,803]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Neoscirula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had geniculate setae
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B80099EAFA6AFE74A408" bold="true" box="[396,457,818,844]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">hg 1,</emphasis>
which is actually not the case for any known species of this genus. The authors of this paper are of opinion that the genus should stay in the Coleoscirinae for reasons subsequently presented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C785F4DB502B80098A3FADAFE76A3F0" blockId="1.[151,1437,578,1204]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
Smiley’s (1992) first step to divide the family
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009A8CFADAFCD5A4D8" box="[746,872,898,924]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cunaxidae</taxonomicName>
is based on the presence of a pair of
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009D44FADAFA21A4DF" box="[1314,1436,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">geniculate</emphasis>
setae
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B80098BDFAF2FEA5A480" bold="true" box="[219,280,938,964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">hg 1,</emphasis>
regarding bent setae (common in most
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009A9EFAF2FCC5A487" box="[760,888,938,963]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neoscirula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009A9EFAF2FCC5A487" box="[760,888,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Neoscirula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.) also as such. In order to be precise, the meaning of the term
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B80099C4FA8AFDA1A4AF" box="[418,540,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">geniculate</emphasis>
has been determined from various sources. The specific explanation is: “...bent at a
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009945FAA2FEDAA350" bold="true" box="[291,359,1018,1044]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">sharp</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B80099EBFAA2FE60A350" bold="true" box="[397,477,1018,1044]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">abrupt</emphasis>
angle….”. In the
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009AC8FAA2FC96A350" box="[686,811,1018,1044]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cunaxidae</taxonomicName>
geniculate structures occur only in two genera, i.e. in all
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B80098D9FD7AFEADA37F" box="[191,272,1058,1083]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Bonzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B80098D9FD7AFEADA37F" box="[191,272,1058,1083]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Bonzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and in an unpublished species of
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009A90FD7AFCE5A378" box="[758,856,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009A90FD7AFCECA37F" box="[758,849,1058,1083]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cunaxa</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B8009B02FD7AFBFFA378" box="[868,1090,1058,1084]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. (1978) Bonzinae, a new subfamily of the Cunaxidae (Prostigmata: Acari) from the Ethiopian Region. Acarologia, 19 (4), 601 - 618." type="journal article">Den Heyer (1978)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009CB9FD7AFEA9A320" authority="Oudemans" authorityName="Oudemans" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Bonzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halacaroides">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009CB9FD7AFA21A37F" box="[1247,1436,1058,1083]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">B. halacaroides</emphasis>
Oudemans
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B800992BFD13FDC1A320" authority="Willmann" authorityName="Willmann" box="[333,636,1098,1124]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Bonzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sphagnicola">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B800992BFD13FE40A320" box="[333,509,1099,1124]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">B. sphagnicola</emphasis>
Willmann
</taxonomicName>
, illustrating what he regarded as geniculate
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009CE6FD12FB08A320" bold="true" box="[1152,1205,1098,1124]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">hg 1</emphasis>
setae. When investigating the
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009940FD2BFE3CA3C8" box="[294,385,1139,1164]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009940FD2BFE3CA3C8" box="[294,385,1139,1164]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Cunaxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B80099A5FD2AFD14A3C8" author="Den" box="[451,681,1138,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. (1979 b) Descriptions of seven African species of Cunaxa von Heyden, 1826 (Actinedida: Acarida), with remarks on the genus. Phytophylactica, 11, 23 - 42." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="b">Den Heyer (1979 b</bibRefCitation>
&amp;
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B8009AB5FD2AFD5CA3C8" author="Den" box="[723,737,1138,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. (1979 c) Five new African species of Cunaxa (Actinedida: Acarida). Phytophylactica, 11, 159 - 171." type="journal article" year="1979" yearSuffix="c">c</bibRefCitation>
) illustrated a peculiar pair of
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009C20FD2AFBE0A3C8" bold="true" box="[1094,1117,1138,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">vi</emphasis>
sensillae (fig. 1) which he also regards as
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B800992DFDC3FE78A3F0" box="[331,453,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">geniculate</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="38B80FC5B502B80098F1FF28FD70A1CC" box="[151,717,1648,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<paragraph id="6C785F4DB502B80098F1FF28FD70A1CC" blockId="1.[151,717,1648,1672]" box="[151,717,1648,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B80098F1FF28FEA4A1CC" bold="true" box="[151,281,1648,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Geniculate sensillae as in a
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009A21FF29FD27A1CC" box="[583,666,1649,1672]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009A21FF29FD27A1CC" box="[583,666,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Cunaxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6C785F4DB502B80098A0FF81FD9AA0A7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1753,2019]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
The first author of this paper is of the opinion that a new genus or subfamily should not be erected based on one species which differs from the other 20–25 species only by having geniculate sensillae
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009C89FE58FABBA05E" bold="true" box="[1263,1286,1792,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">vi</emphasis>
. This means that
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B80098ACFE71FEF9A006" box="[202,324,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">geniculate</emphasis>
setal structures should not be used as a first criterion for dividing a family (see
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B8009C85FE71FAC7A007" author="Smiley" box="[1251,1402,1833,1859]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Smiley, R. L. (1992) The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the World with a new classification. Indira Publising House, Michigan, 356 pp." type="book" year="1992">Smiley 1992</bibRefCitation>
; p. 37). When this concept is strictly applied, only the genus
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009B26FE09FC2FA02E" box="[832,914,1873,1898]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Bonzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009B26FE09FC2FA02E" box="[832,914,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Bonzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a pair of true geniculate
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009C8CFE08FA9DA02E" bold="true" box="[1258,1312,1872,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">hg 1</emphasis>
setae (fig. 2). The
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009892FE20FE94A0D6" bold="true" box="[244,297,1912,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">hg 1</emphasis>
-setae of the genera
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009A70FE21FD22A0D6" box="[534,671,1913,1938]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Parabonzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009A70FE21FD22A0D6" box="[534,671,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Parabonzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B8009ABEFE21FCE4A0D6" box="[728,857,1913,1938]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neoscirula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB502B8009ABEFE21FCE4A0D6" box="[728,857,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Neoscirula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be regarded as non-geniculate but bent in varying degree.
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B8009932FEF9FD27A0FF" author="Den" box="[340,666,1953,1979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. &amp; Castro, T. M. M. G. de (2008, in press) A new genus, with a new species, from Brazil (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae)." type="book" year="2008">
Den
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB502B80099EDFEF9FD27A0FF" author="Heyer" box="[395,666,1953,1979]" pageId="1" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. &amp; Castro, T. M. M. G. de (2008, in press) A new genus, with a new species, from Brazil (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae)." type="book" year="2008">Heyer &amp; Castro (2008</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, in press) also made a change in the notation of the ventral idiosomal chaetotaxy of the
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB502B80099FDFE91FDA5A0A7" box="[411,536,1993,2019]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cunaxidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C785F4DB501B80398A3F9C0FD45A63E" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
The original three species included in
<taxonomicName id="ABC724CEB501B8039AE4F9C0FCBEA7F5" box="[642,771,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neoscirula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EB3835FB501B8039AE4F9C0FCBEA7F5" box="[642,771,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Neoscirula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described by
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB501B8039B85F9C0FB05A7F6" box="[995,1208,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refString="Den Heyer, J. (1977) A new genus Neoscirula (Cunaxidae: Prostigmata: Acari) from Ethiopian Region. Journal of Entomological Society of South Africa, 40 (1), 73 - 86." type="journal article">Den Heyer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="14D01FDDB501B8039C98F9C0FA25A7F6" box="[1278,1432,152,178]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">South Africa</collectingCountry>
; he added a fourth species in 1980.
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB501B8039A58F998FD64A79E" author="Shiba" box="[574,729,192,218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refString="Shiba, M. (1978) Taxonomic investigation on free-living Prostigmata from the Malay Peninsula. Nature and Life in South East Asia, 7, 83 - 229." type="journal article" year="1978">Shiba (1978)</bibRefCitation>
described one species from
<collectingCountry id="14D01FDDB501B8039C57F998FB21A79E" box="[1073,1180,192,218]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
while
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB501B8039C97F998FA21A79E" author="Smiley" box="[1265,1436,192,218]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refString="Smiley, R. L. (1992) The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the World with a new classification. Indira Publising House, Michigan, 356 pp." type="book" year="1992">Smiley (1992)</bibRefCitation>
added three more species from North-America and
<collectingCountry id="14D01FDDB501B8039B6CF9B0FC13A646" box="[778,942,232,258]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
. Corpuz-Raros (1996) reported on seven species from the
<collectingCountry id="14D01FDDB501B8039907F848FE54A66E" box="[353,489,272,298]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. Four species were described from
<collectingCountry id="14D01FDDB501B8039BEAF848FC68A66E" box="[908,981,272,298]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">China</collectingCountry>
, two by
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB501B8039C5DF848FA88A66E" author="Lin" box="[1083,1333,272,298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refString="Lin, J. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1998) Three new species of Bonzinae from Fujian (Acari: Cunaxidae). Wuyi Sciences Journal, 14, 24 - 30." type="journal article" year="1998">Lin &amp; Zhang (1998)</bibRefCitation>
and two by
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB501B80398DDF860FE10A616" author="Lin" box="[187,429,312,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refString="Lin, J. &amp; Zhang, Y. (2002) Two new species of the Bonziinae (sic) from China (Acari: Cunaxidae). Systematic &amp; Applied Acarology, 7, 143 - 148." type="journal article" year="2002">Lin &amp; Zhang (2002)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="085622BCB501B80399D1F860FC17A616" author="Mejia-Recamier" box="[439,938,312,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" refString="Mejia-Recamier, B. E. &amp; Palacios-Vargas, J. G. 2007. Three new species of Neoscirula (Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from a tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico. Zootaxa 1545, 17 - 31." type="journal article" year="2007">Mejia-Recamier &amp; Palacios-Vargas (2007)</bibRefCitation>
described three species from
<collectingCountry id="14D01FDDB501B8039D60F860FAD9A616" box="[1286,1380,312,338]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. The present paper describes three new Brazilian species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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