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<document id="5B58E31062E2CE46CFB1B40CD23468D5" ID-DOI="10.1071/SB23011" ID-ISSN="1446-5701" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1711998095612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Orel, Harvey K., McLay, Todd G. B., Neal, Will C., Forster, Paul I. &amp; Bayly, Michael J." docDate="2023" docId="E34587EAE220FF97678FF931E90EF92C" docLanguage="en" docName="AustSystBot.36.5.SB23011.pdf" docOrigin="Australian Systematic Botany 36 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb23011" docStyle="DocumentStyle:95658B21DE372A8A7AD113EF76B40484.2:AustSystBot.2022-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="95658B21DE372A8A7AD113EF76B40484" docStyleName="AustSystBot.2022-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Myrtopsis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="375" masterDocId="1F7CFF92E233FF83670DFFA0EB44FF80" masterDocTitle="Plastid phylogenomics of the Eriostemon group (Rutaceae; Zanthoxyloideae): support for major clades and investigation of a backbone polytomy" masterLastPageNumber="385" masterPageNumber="355" pageNumber="374" updateTime="1727207252537" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="A364C41AD3B2F28D154894043BEE8978">Plastid phylogenomics of the Eriostemon group (Rutaceae; Zanthoxyloideae): support for major clades and investigation of a backbone polytomy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E74FB97A76290DB7F7B705187521F58C">Orel, Harvey K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="84C85FCDAC561B027023E0CF991411CF">McLay, Todd G. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B27F0C6C1DEB48CA681787B9203632B">Neal, Will C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C65C4FECE875E680559E13D67CBDDFE0">Forster, Paul I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F77BACC5FFC556579AD34BC3CCA01057">Bayly, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7E538200F64E8F1086B3922198A1A503">Australian Systematic Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5FD3F17B3EC9579D690B7C03F297F396">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E3FB719B4347F266EEC3668C914A0133">2023-08-22</mods:number>
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<treatment id="E34587EAE220FF97678FF931E90EF92C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E34587EAE220FF97678FF931E90EF92C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E34587EAE220FF97678FF931E90EF92C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="375" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">
<subSubSection id="23F66577E220FF90678FF931E9B0F92D" box="[130,756,1681,1711]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE220FF90678FF931E9B0F92D" blockId="19.[98,770,1681,1933]" box="[130,756,1681,1711]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">
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<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90678FF931E9B0F92D" bold="true" box="[130,756,1681,1711]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">
Relationships of
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF906657F931EA97F92D" ID-CoL="63CCX" authority="Engl." box="[346,467,1681,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906657F931EA97F92D" bold="true" box="[346,467,1681,1709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF9066E9F933E97DF92F" authority="Andrews" box="[484,569,1683,1711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF9066E9F933E97DF92F" bold="true" box="[484,569,1683,1711]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Correa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF906571F931E9B0F92D" authority="(F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson" box="[636,756,1681,1709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Leionema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906571F931E9B0F92D" bold="true" box="[636,756,1681,1709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Leionema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="23F66577E220FF97678FF915E90EF92C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="375" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" type="description">
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE220FF97678FF915E958FE0C" blockId="19.[98,770,1681,1933]" lastBlockId="20.[98,770,180,1708]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="375" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">
We provide high support for a clade of
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF906532F914E9CDF94C" box="[575,649,1716,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906532F914E9CDF94C" bold="true" box="[575,649,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Correa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF906594F914E846F94C" box="[665,770,1716,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Leionema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906594F914E846F94C" bold="true" box="[665,770,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Leionema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF90679FF974EBB8F96C" box="[146,252,1748,1772]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90679FF974EBB8F96C" bold="true" box="[146,252,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, three genera that previous studies have been unable to confidently place (
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE220FF9066BFF954E93EF88C" author="Bayly MJ &amp; Holmes GD &amp; Forster PI &amp; Cantrill DJ &amp; Ladiges PY" box="[434,634,1780,1804]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" pagination="72493" refId="ref19397" refString="Bayly MJ, Holmes GD, Forster PI, Cantrill DJ, Ladiges PY (2013) Major clades of Australasian Rutoideae (Rutaceae) based on rbcL and atpB sequences. PLoS One 8, e 72493. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0072493" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bayly
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF9066F1F954E972F88C" bold="true" box="[508,566,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE220FF906581F954EBA5F8AC" author="Appelhans MS &amp; Bayly MJ &amp; Heslewood MM &amp; Groppo M &amp; Verboom GA &amp; Forster PI &amp; Kallunki JA &amp; Duretto MF" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" pagination="1035 - 1061" refId="ref18956" refString="Appelhans MS, Bayly MJ, Heslewood MM, Groppo M, Verboom GA, Forster PI, Kallunki JA, Duretto MF (2021) A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers. Taxon 70, 1035 - 1061. doi: 10.1002 / tax. 12543" type="journal article" year="2021">
Appelhans
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90676FF8B4EBD8F8AC" bold="true" box="[98,156,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
); this group was recovered as an unsupported clade by
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE220FF9067CAF894EAF4F8CC" author="Duretto MF &amp; Heslewood MM &amp; Bayly MJ" box="[199,432,1843,1868]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" pagination="107 - 142" refId="ref19961" refString="Duretto MF, Heslewood MM, Bayly MJ (2023) Generic and infrageneric limits of Phebalium and its allies (Rutaceae: Zanthoxyloideae). Australian Systematic Botany 36, 107 - 142. doi: 10.1071 / SB 22018" type="journal article" year="2023">
Duretto
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906629F894EA1FF8CB" bold="true" box="[292,347,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
(2023)
</bibRefCitation>
. This clade contains probably the most varied morphological characters in the
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF906585F8F4E846F8EC" box="[648,770,1876,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906585F8F4E846F8EC" bold="true" box="[648,770,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Eriostemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The recovery of a sister relationship between
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF90643FFAD4E8DFFA0C" box="[818,923,1396,1420]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Leionema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90643FFAD4E8DFFA0C" bold="true" box="[818,923,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Leionema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF9064DFFAD4EF58FA0C" box="[978,1052,1396,1420]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF9064DFFAD4EF58FA0C" bold="true" box="[978,1052,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Correa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is congruent with the plastid sequence phylogeny of
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE220FF9064C4FA35EFEAFA2C" author="Duretto MF &amp; Heslewood MM &amp; Bayly MJ" box="[969,1198,1428,1452]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" pagination="107 - 142" refId="ref19961" refString="Duretto MF, Heslewood MM, Bayly MJ (2023) Generic and infrageneric limits of Phebalium and its allies (Rutaceae: Zanthoxyloideae). Australian Systematic Botany 36, 107 - 142. doi: 10.1071 / SB 22018" type="journal article" year="2023">
Duretto
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906328FA34EF1EFA2C" bold="true" box="[1061,1114,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
(2023)
</bibRefCitation>
and is of note because the two genera differ vastly morphologically.
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF906219FA14EE1AFA4C" box="[1300,1374,1460,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906219FA14EE1AFA4C" bold="true" box="[1300,1374,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Correa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique in the
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF906477FA74E8B0FA6C" box="[890,1012,1492,1516]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906477FA74E8B0FA6C" bold="true" box="[890,1012,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Eriostemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in possessing consistently 4-merous flowers that are mostly tubular and bird-pollinated (except for
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF906454F9B4EF51F9AC" authority="Andrews" authorityName="Andrews" box="[857,1045,1555,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906454F9B4E8ECF9AB" bold="true" box="[857,936,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">C. alba</emphasis>
Andrews
</taxonomicName>
, which is nested among bird-pollinated species) (
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE220FF9064ADF994EF18F9CC" author="Armstrong JA" box="[928,1116,1588,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" pagination="467 - 508" refId="ref19015" refString="Armstrong JA (1979) Biotic pollination mechanisms in the Australian flora - a review. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17, 467 - 508. doi: 10.1080 / 0028825 X. 1979.10432565" type="journal article" year="1979">Armstrong 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE220FF90637DF994EE08F9CC" author="French PA &amp; Brown GK &amp; Bayly MJ" box="[1136,1356,1588,1612]" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" pagination="447 - 468" refId="ref20208" refString="French PA, Brown GK, Bayly MJ (2016) Incongruent patterns of nuclear and chloroplast variation in Correa (Rutaceae): introgression and biogeography in south-eastern Australia. Plant Systematics and Evolution 302, 447 - 468. doi: 10.1007 / s 00606 - 016 - 1277 - 7" type="journal article" year="2016">
French
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF9063C7F994EE42F9CC" bold="true" box="[1226,1286,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Although bird pollination occurs in other taxa (e.g. some
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF90626FF9F4EE8FF9EC" box="[1378,1483,1620,1644]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Leionema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90626FF9F4EE8FF9EC" bold="true" box="[1378,1483,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Leionema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF90643FF9D3E8FCF90B" box="[818,952,1651,1675]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Nematolepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90643FF9D3E8FCF90B" bold="true" box="[818,952,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Nematolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF9064FCF9D3EF20F90B" authorityName="sensu Wilson" authorityYear="1971" box="[1009,1124,1651,1675]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF9064FCF9D3EF20F90B" bold="true" box="[1009,1124,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Philotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the flowers of all other genera in the group are 5-merous (with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF906252F934EFE4F94C" authority="(Hook. f.) Paul G. Wilson" baseAuthorityName="Hook. f." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virgata">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF906252F934E83AF94C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Philotheca virgata</emphasis>
(Hook.f.) Paul G.Wilson
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF9063BBF914EE44F94C" box="[1206,1280,1716,1740]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF9063BBF914EE44F94C" bold="true" box="[1206,1280,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Correa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also distinct in possessing leaves that are oppositely arranged, although this feature also occurs in
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF90633EF954EFD9F88C" box="[1075,1181,1780,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90633EF954EFD9F88C" bold="true" box="[1075,1181,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All other members of the
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF90643FF8B4E8E8F8AC" box="[818,940,1812,1836]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90643FF8B4E8E8F8AC" bold="true" box="[818,940,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Eriostemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group have alternate leaves. Consequently, the order of relationships among
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF9063C2F894EE5DF8CC" box="[1231,1305,1844,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF9063C2F894EE5DF8CC" bold="true" box="[1231,1305,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Correa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF90623DF894EEDDF8CC" box="[1328,1433,1844,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Leionema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90623DF894EEDDF8CC" bold="true" box="[1328,1433,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Leionema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF90643FF8F4E8D8F8EC" box="[818,924,1876,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90643FF8F4E8D8F8EC" bold="true" box="[818,924,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that we have recovered, (
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF9063F4F8F4EE27F8EC" box="[1273,1379,1876,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF9063F4F8F4EE27F8EC" bold="true" box="[1273,1379,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF90628DF8F4EE8EF8EC" box="[1408,1482,1876,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90628DF8F4EE8EF8EC" bold="true" box="[1408,1482,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Correa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE220FF90643FF8D4E8DFF80C" box="[818,923,1908,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Leionema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="19" pageNumber="374" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE220FF90643FF8D4E8DFF80C" bold="true" box="[818,923,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="374">Leionema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)), implies either a single transition to opposite leaves at the stem of the clade and a subsequent reversal to alternate leaves in
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF976634FF74EAE6FF6C" box="[313,418,212,236]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Leionema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF976634FF74EAE6FF6C" bold="true" box="[313,418,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Leionema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or separate independent transitions to opposite leaves in
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF9766C9FF54E96AFE8C" box="[452,558,244,268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9766C9FF54E96AFE8C" bold="true" box="[452,558,244,268]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF97657AFF54E985FE8C" box="[631,705,244,268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF97657AFF54E985FE8C" bold="true" box="[631,705,244,268]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Correa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The placement of the New Caledonian endemic
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF976546FEB4E9F1FEAC" box="[587,693,276,300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF976546FEB4E9F1FEAC" bold="true" box="[587,693,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
firmly within the
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF9767EDFE94EA1EFECC" box="[224,346,308,332]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9767EDFE94EA1EFECC" bold="true" box="[224,346,308,332]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Eriostemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is consistent with several previous studies (
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF976602FEF4EA9BFEEC" author="Bayly MJ &amp; Holmes GD &amp; Forster PI &amp; Cantrill DJ &amp; Ladiges PY" box="[271,479,340,364]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="72493" refId="ref19397" refString="Bayly MJ, Holmes GD, Forster PI, Cantrill DJ, Ladiges PY (2013) Major clades of Australasian Rutoideae (Rutaceae) based on rbcL and atpB sequences. PLoS One 8, e 72493. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0072493" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bayly
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF976656FEF4EADCFEEC" bold="true" box="[347,408,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF9766F9FEF4E9BEFEEC" author="Appelhans MS &amp; Bayly MJ &amp; Heslewood MM &amp; Groppo M &amp; Verboom GA &amp; Forster PI &amp; Kallunki JA &amp; Duretto MF" box="[500,762,340,364]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="1035 - 1061" refId="ref18956" refString="Appelhans MS, Bayly MJ, Heslewood MM, Groppo M, Verboom GA, Forster PI, Kallunki JA, Duretto MF (2021) A new subfamily classification of the Citrus family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers. Taxon 70, 1035 - 1061. doi: 10.1002 / tax. 12543" type="journal article" year="2021">
Appelhans
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF97657BFEF4E9F7FEEC" bold="true" box="[630,691,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF97676FFED4EA60FE0C" author="Baker WJ &amp; Bailey P &amp; Barber V &amp; Barker A &amp; Bellot S &amp; Bishop D &amp; Botigue LR &amp; Brewer G &amp; Carruthers T &amp; Clarkson JJ &amp; Cook J" box="[98,292,372,396]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="301 - 319" refId="ref19116" refString="Baker WJ, Bailey P, Barber V, Barker A, Bellot S, Bishop D, Botigue LR, Brewer G, Carruthers T, Clarkson JJ, Cook J (2022) A comprehensive phylogenomic platform for exploring the angiosperm tree of life. Systematic Biology 71, 301 - 319. doi: 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 035" type="journal article" year="2022">
Baker
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9767A7FED4EBA6FE0C" bold="true" box="[170,226,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF976639FED5E948FE0C" author="Duretto MF &amp; Heslewood MM &amp; Bayly MJ" box="[308,524,372,396]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="107 - 142" refId="ref19961" refString="Duretto MF, Heslewood MM, Bayly MJ (2023) Generic and infrageneric limits of Phebalium and its allies (Rutaceae: Zanthoxyloideae). Australian Systematic Botany 36, 107 - 142. doi: 10.1071 / SB 22018" type="journal article" year="2023">
Duretto
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF97669FFED4EA8DFE0C" bold="true" box="[402,457,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE227FF97678FFE34E9B3FC0B" blockId="20.[98,770,180,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
Historically, the relationship of
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF9766DEFE34E979FE2C" box="[467,573,404,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9766DEFE34E979FE2C" bold="true" box="[467,573,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with other genera of Austral-Pacific
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF97662BFE14EACCFE4B" box="[294,392,436,459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
has been difficult to deduce from morphology. On the basis of morphological cladistic analyses,
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF97676FFE54EA76FD8C" author="Armstrong JA" box="[98,306,500,524]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" refId="ref19072" refString="Armstrong JA (1991) Studies on pollination and systematics in the Australian Rutaceae. PhD thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Available at http: // hdl. handle. net / 1959.4 / 59714" type="url" year="1991">Armstrong (1991)</bibRefCitation>
resolved the genus as sister to the
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF97676FFDB4EB98FDAC" box="[98,220,532,556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF97676FFDB4EB98FDAC" bold="true" box="[98,220,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Eriostemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (minus
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF976687FDB4EA90FDAC" box="[394,468,532,556]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Correa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF976687FDB4EA90FDAC" bold="true" box="[394,468,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Correa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was placed in the
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF97676FFD94EBFDFDCC" box="[98,185,564,588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Boronia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF97676FFD94EBFDFDCC" bold="true" box="[98,185,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Boronia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade), although this placement was equivocal owing to limited availability of plant material. This contrasted with
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF97676FFDD4EA45FD0C" author="Hartley TG" box="[98,257,628,652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="107 - 111" refId="ref20599" refString="Hartley TG (1995) A new combination in Boronella (Rutaceae) and a view on relationships of the genus. Adansonia 17, 107 - 111." type="journal article" year="1995">Hartley (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, who considered
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF9766B1FDD4E962FD0C" box="[444,550,628,652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9766B1FDD4E962FD0C" bold="true" box="[444,550,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF976789FD34EA77FD2C" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[132,307,660,684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Boronella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF976789FD34EBAAFD2C" bold="true" box="[132,238,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Boronella</emphasis>
Baill.
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF97666DFD34EAB5FD2C" authority="Sm." authorityName="Sm." box="[352,497,660,684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Boronia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF97666DFD34EAF3FD2C" bold="true" box="[352,439,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Boronia</emphasis>
Sm.
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF976504FD34E911FD2C" box="[521,597,660,684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Euodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF976504FD34E911FD2C" bold="true" box="[521,597,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Euodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF976564FD34E988FD2C" box="[617,716,660,684]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Brombya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF976564FD34E988FD2C" bold="true" box="[617,716,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Brombya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF97676FFD13EB99FD4B" box="[98,221,691,715]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Medicosma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF97676FFD13EB99FD4B" bold="true" box="[98,221,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Medicosma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and separated the genus from the rest of tribe
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF97676FFD74EB8BFD6C" box="[98,207,724,748]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Boronieae">Boronieae</taxonomicName>
on the basis of embryo shape and cotyledon width. Certain elements of the distinct morphology of
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF976558FD54E9FBFC8C" box="[597,703,756,780]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF976558FD54E9FBFC8C" bold="true" box="[597,703,756,780]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be related to adaptation to New Caledonian habitats with nutrient-poor, ultramafic soils and comparatively higher temperatures and humidity than in the southern half of
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE227FF976597FCF4E9BAFCEC" box="[666,766,852,876]" name="Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Australia</collectingCountry>
, where the majority of species in the
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF9766E1FCD4E922FC0C" box="[492,614,884,908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9766E1FCD4E922FC0C" bold="true" box="[492,614,884,908]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Eriostemon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group occur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B5336FCE227FF97678FFC34E90EF92C" blockId="20.[98,770,180,1708]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">
The presence of
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF97663AFC34EAE5FC2C" box="[311,417,916,940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF97663AFC34EAE5FC2C" bold="true" box="[311,417,916,940]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only in
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE227FF9766F3FC34E9E2FC2C" box="[510,678,916,940]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
is interesting biogeographically. Evidence exists for possible land connections between
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE227FF976658FC74EAFDFC6C" box="[341,441,980,1004]" name="Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE227FF9766F8FC74E9E4FC6C" box="[501,672,980,1004]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
into the Paleocene and Eocene ~60–35 million years ago (
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF9765A3FC54EA69FBAC" author="Ladiges PY &amp; Cantrill D" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="383 - 389" refId="ref21298" refString="Ladiges PY, Cantrill D (2007) New Caledonia-Australian connections: biogeographic patterns and geology. Australian Systematic Botany 20, 383 - 389. doi: 10.1071 / SB 07018" type="journal article" year="2007">Ladiges and Cantrill 2007</bibRefCitation>
), meaning that a vicariance explanation cannot be ruled out should the divergence of
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF97659AFB94E845FBCC" box="[663,769,1076,1100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF97659AFB94E845FBCC" bold="true" box="[663,769,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pre-date this. Time-calibrated phylogenies have tentatively estimated the divergence of
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF976691FBD4E942FB0C" box="[412,518,1140,1164]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF976691FBD4E942FB0C" bold="true" box="[412,518,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Oligocene to the mid-Miocene ~30–15 million years ago (
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF97657AFB34EBDFFB4C" author="Bayly MJ &amp; Holmes GD &amp; Forster PI &amp; Cantrill DJ &amp; Ladiges PY" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="72493" refId="ref19397" refString="Bayly MJ, Holmes GD, Forster PI, Cantrill DJ, Ladiges PY (2013) Major clades of Australasian Rutoideae (Rutaceae) based on rbcL and atpB sequences. PLoS One 8, e 72493. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0072493" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bayly
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9765C9FB34E845FB2B" bold="true" box="[708,769,1171,1195]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF9767A4FB14EA2CFB4C" author="Joyce EM &amp; Appelhans MS &amp; Buerki S" box="[169,360,1204,1228]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="1063174" refId="ref20987" refString="Joyce EM, Appelhans MS, Buerki S, et al. (2023) Phylogenomic analyses of Sapindales support new family relationships, rapid Mid-Cretaceous Hothouse diversification, and heterogeneous histories of gene duplication. Frontiers in Plant Science 14, 1063174. doi: 10.3389 / fpls. 2023.1063174" type="journal article" year="2023">
Joyce
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9767E2FB14EA62FB4C" bold="true" box="[239,294,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">et al.</emphasis>
2023
</bibRefCitation>
), implicating long-distance dispersal to
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE227FF97678FFB75EA68FB6C" box="[130,300,1236,1260]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
from
<collectingCountry id="13FB766CE227FF976678FB74EA9DFB6C" box="[373,473,1236,1260]" name="Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Australia</collectingCountry>
after re-emergence of the main island during the Paleocene–Eocene (37 ± 3 million years ago;
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF9767D1FAB4EADEFAAC" author="Grandcolas P" box="[220,410,1300,1324]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="481 - 487" refId="ref20355" refString="Grandcolas P (2017) Ten false ideas about New Caledonia biogeography. Cladistics 33, 481 - 487. doi: 10.1111 / cla. 12176" type="journal article" year="2017">Grandcolas 2017</bibRefCitation>
). This is in line with the crown ages of most New Caledonian clades across the tree of life (
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF976766FAF4EA70FAEC" author="Nattier R &amp; Pellens R &amp; Robillard T &amp; Jourdan H &amp; Legendre F &amp; Caesar M &amp; Nel A &amp; Grandcolas P" box="[107,308,1363,1388]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="3705" refId="ref21680" refString="Nattier R, Pellens R, Robillard T, Jourdan H, Legendre F, Caesar M, Nel A, Grandcolas P (2017) Updating the phylogenetic dating of New Caledonian biodiversity with a meta-analysis of the available evidence. Scientific Reports 7, 3705. doi: 10.1038 / s 41598 - 017 - 02964 - x" type="journal article" year="2017">
Nattier
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9767B2FAF4EBB0FAEB" bold="true" box="[191,244,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation id="0F7D4B0DE227FF9766B6FAF4E9C3FAEC" author="Bayly MJ &amp; Holmes GD &amp; Forster PI &amp; Cantrill DJ &amp; Ladiges PY" box="[443,647,1363,1388]" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" pagination="72493" refId="ref19397" refString="Bayly MJ, Holmes GD, Forster PI, Cantrill DJ, Ladiges PY (2013) Major clades of Australasian Rutoideae (Rutaceae) based on rbcL and atpB sequences. PLoS One 8, e 72493. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0072493" type="journal article" year="2013">
Bayly
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9766F2FAF4E971FAEB" bold="true" box="[511,565,1363,1387]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
stated that their divergence-date estimates should be treated with caution because of a limited availability of fossils within
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF97676FFA14EB83FA4B" box="[98,199,1460,1483]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
for calibration; they highlighted that trial analyses conducted with fewer fossil calibrations had the effect of producing much younger age estimates. Hence, the divergence of
<taxonomicName id="ACEC4D7FE227FF9767C1F9B4EA72F9AC" box="[204,310,1556,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Myrtopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="20" pageNumber="375" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5998EAEEE227FF9767C1F9B4EA72F9AC" bold="true" box="[204,310,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="375">Myrtopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that estimation may appear younger than it should, and a vicariance explanation for the split should not yet be discounted on the basis of the current understanding of phylogenetic relationships and lack of consensus from divergence-dating analyses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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