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<document id="3A0ACBBDC4648B67A07C103FC92644D4" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930400001541" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657775" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617296391348" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Peña Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W." docDate="2005" docId="DB60D45BFFFAFFB6FE348B99DA27D10B" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.39.11.795-818.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 39 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930400001541" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C.2:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Schizotricha heteromera Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2005, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="805" masterDocId="2759AC23FFF1FFBAFF828B11DB06D43B" masterDocTitle="Species of Schizotricha Allman, 1883 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Halopterididae) from US Antarctic expeditions with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="818" masterPageNumber="795" pageNumber="804" updateTime="1698899798048" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B7BBA385477D921FD323BBBF98118A22">Species of Schizotricha Allman, 1883 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Halopterididae) from US Antarctic expeditions with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D3B0F8EE88A306AF4AA5368CAE34FE1E">Peña Cantero, A. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B8B0A562419D9812BA481D12DBED9BD7">Vervoort, W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C9B40BAD051681D2BA70E154C20D51A8">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="07B01EEFC371C53FB3726ACEE9D9DB30">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="738E4AE1245FD050C9EFA4F109EA400B" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="C9C120E7C22396C1A3D9232FCD2DD764">2005-03-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="60591B2B6467CE621272998D4DC9E336" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5305DB5479DFB58E1E1BA05246F3FE2F">39</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B4F1D1BB2D685D02AF40E7BBD66F3988">11</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BE543F97DEFF13ADDD75ED2FCAC98CDA">795</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="0BD4ED33C664D62C780242BDEDD4B67A" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DB60D45BFFFAFFB6FE348B99DA27D10B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657783" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657783" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB60D45BFFFAFFB6FE348B99DA27D10B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB60D45BFFFAFFB6FE348B99DA27D10B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="805" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
<subSubSection id="1BD336C6FFFAFFB1FE348B99D85AD49B" box="[438,860,136,160]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FE348B99D85AD49B" blockId="11.[438,860,136,193]" box="[438,860,136,160]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
<heading id="083ED221FFFAFFB1FE348B99D85AD49B" box="[438,860,136,160]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="804" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFAFFB1FE348B99D9F0D49B" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2005" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2005" box="[438,758,136,160]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="804" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heteromera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFAFFB1FE348B99D9F0D49B" bold="true" box="[438,758,136,160]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Schizotricha heteromera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A8E0424FFFAFFB1FD7D8B99D85AD49B" box="[767,860,136,160]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1BD336C6FFFAFFB6FDA48BB8DA27D10B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="805" pageId="11" pageNumber="804" type="description">
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FDA48BB8D998D4FA" blockId="11.[438,860,136,193]" box="[550,670,169,193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
(
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFAFFB1FDAC8BB8D994D4FA" box="[558,658,169,193]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Figure 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FFFF8BFBDBF1D519" blockId="11.[125,1172,234,290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFAFFB1FFFF8BFBDABFD539" box="[125,441,234,258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Material examined. 575/061</emphasis>
,
<materialsCitation id="E3A16F10FFFAFFB1FE458BFBDBF4D519" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="11" pageNumber="804" specimenCode="USNM 1025576" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
one stem ca
<quantity id="9431C8A8FFFAFFB1FDD68BFBD9B1D539" box="[596,695,234,258]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="11" pageNumber="804" unit="mm" value="165.0">165 mm</quantity>
high, with gonothecae (
<typeStatus id="8C72DBEFFFFAFFB1FC4A8BFBDF34D539" box="[968,1074,234,258]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="036FCD36FFFAFFB1FBBF8BFBDBECD519" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="804" type="Museum">USNM 1025576</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FFFF8A5ADA20D65D" blockId="11.[125,1173,331,614]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFAFFB1FFFF8A5ADBE9D558" box="[125,239,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Colony with unbranched stem. Main cauline tube heteromerously divided into ahydrothecate and hydrothecate internodes. Hydrothecate internodes with two to eight infrathecal nematothecae and up to two suprathecal nematothecae; cauline apophyses with one nematotheca. Cauline ahydrothecate internodes with two to six nematothecae. Hydrocladia up to 11th order. Hydrocladia regularly divided into hydrothecate internodes. Unforked hydrocladial internodes with two infrathecal nematothecae at approximately same level (occasionally only one). Hydrotheca deep. Forked hydrocladial internodes with three or four infrathecal nematothecae; hydrocladial apophyses with three or four nematothecae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FFFF899EDAD6D773" blockId="11.[125,1173,655,1685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFAFFB1FFFF899EDBF9D69C" box="[125,255,655,679]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Description.</emphasis>
Colony composed of a polysiphonic, unbranched stem ca
<quantity id="9431C8A8FFFAFFB1FC29899EDF08D69C" box="[939,1038,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="11" pageNumber="804" unit="mm" value="165.0">165 mm</quantity>
high. Stem consisting of a main tube divided into heteromerous internodes, with hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes, and several undivided tubes carrying only nematothecae. Main tube usually with an alternate series of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes; the presence of two shorter ahydrothecate internodes between two hydrothecate ones (
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFAFFB1FF078821DBFBD773" box="[133,253,816,840]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
) is also common.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FF1A8840DF77D7D1" blockId="11.[125,1173,655,1685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
Each cauline hydrothecate internode (
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFAFFB1FDE38840D9DAD752" box="[609,732,849,873]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
) with an apophysis supporting firstorder hydrocladium and provided with one nematotheca, one hydrotheca at axil between apophysis and internode, and from six to 12 nematothecae: two flanking hydrothecal aperture, from two to eight below hydrotheca and up to two suprathecal nematothecae. Cauline ahydrothecate internodes provided with two to six nematothecae (
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFAFFB1FC6588C3DF64D7D1" box="[999,1122,978,1002]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FF1A88E2DAC6D017" blockId="11.[125,1173,655,1685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Cauline apophyses alternately arranged in two planes; distinct node between cauline apophyses and hydrocladia.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FF1A8F24D934D0B6" blockId="11.[125,1173,655,1685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
Hydrocladia up to 11th order present. Branching taking place at first internode of previous hydrocladium (
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFAFFB1FE208F44D925D056" box="[418,547,1109,1133]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
). Hydrocladia divided into hydrothecate internodes only, and with up to 21 hydrothecae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FF1A8F87DF93D134" blockId="11.[125,1173,655,1685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Cauline apophyses, and consequently hydrocladia, well separated due to the presence of ahydrothecate cauline internodes; distance between successive cauline apophyses, however, more or less constant. Consequently, length and number of nematothecae in hydrothecate cauline internodes depending on length and number of ahydrothecate cauline internodes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FF1A8E09D819D1AA" blockId="11.[125,1173,655,1685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
Forked hydrocladial internodes (
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFAFFB1FD9D8E09D99BD10B" box="[543,669,1304,1328]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
) provided with one apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladia and with three, sometimes four nematothecae, one small hydrotheca at axil of branching, and from five to six nematothecae: two flanking hydrothecal aperture and three to four below hydrotheca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FF1A8E8BDADCD228" blockId="11.[125,1173,655,1685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
Unforked hydrocladial internodes (
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFAFFB1FDB58E8BD9D0D189" box="[567,726,1434,1458]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Figure 1D–F</figureCitation>
) provided with hydrotheca at half its length and four nematothecae: two flanking hydrothecal aperture and two below hydrotheca at approximately same level (occasionally only one); sporadically also with one suprathecal nematotheca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFAFFB1FF1A8D0DD8AFD2AE" blockId="11.[125,1173,655,1685]" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">
Hydrotheca cup-shaped, deep and wide (
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFAFFB1FD0D8D0DD85CD20F" box="[655,858,1564,1588]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Figure 1A, D–F</figureCitation>
). Length increasing along hydrocladia; for example, length of abcauline wall may be 320
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFAFFB1FC1A8D2DD8A1D26F" box="[920,935,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">M</emphasis>
m in first unforked hydrocladial internode and ca 400
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFAFFB1FDB08D4CD947D24E" box="[562,577,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">M</emphasis>
m in 11th. Adcauline wall completely adnate to internode. Abcauline wall slightly convex in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFAFFB1FC998D6CD89FD2AE" box="[795,921,1661,1685]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="804">Figure 1D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFDFFB6FF278B98DA45D519" blockId="12.[138,1185,137,290]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">
Gonothecae inserted on hydrocladial internodes at small apophysis between hydrotheca and infrathecal nematothecae (
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFDFFB6FD848BB8D98CD4FA" box="[518,650,169,193]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
). Gonotheca fusiform (ca 1300
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FBA68BB8DF35D4FA" box="[1060,1075,169,193]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">M</emphasis>
m length and 500
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FF7B8BD8DA0ED4DA" box="[249,264,201,225]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">M</emphasis>
m maximum diameter), provided with a distal, circular aperture and a basal chamber delimited by an inconspicuous circular diaphragm; with two nematothecae (
<figureCitation id="CBF279C8FFFDFFB6FF108A1BDA33D519" box="[146,309,266,290]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="9.[125,185,1512,1531]" captionTargetBox="[203,1099,136,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[194,1104,133,1476]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 1. Schizotricha heteromera sp. nov. (A) Hydrocladial branching and hydrothecal and gonothecal disposition; (B) hydrothecate and ahydrothecate cauline internodes, showing hydrotheca and nematothecae; (C) forked hydrocladial internode with apophysis supporting lower-order hydrocladium, hydrotheca and nematothecae; (D– F) unforked hydrocladial internodes with hydrothecae and nematothecae; (G) gonotheca (all drawings from the holotype). Scale bar: 2 mm (A); 450 Mm (B–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657779/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">Figure 1A, G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFDFFB6FF088A5AD8B9D65D" blockId="12.[138,1185,331,1133]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FF088A5AD90ED558" box="[138,520,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">
Remarks.
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FF7D8A5AD90ED558" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2005" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2005" box="[255,520,331,355]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heteromera" status="sp. nov.">Schizotricha heteromera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A8E0424FFFDFFB6FD978A5AD970D558" box="[533,630,331,355]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is clearly distinguishable from the remaining species of the genus by the heteromerous division of the cauline main tube (Table I). As shown above, this tube is divided into an alternate series of hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes, though the presence of two shorter ahydrothecate internodes between two hydrothecate ones is not uncommon.
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FDBF8ADDD826D5DF" baseAuthorityName="Hickson and Gravely" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[573,800,460,484]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glacialis">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FDBF8ADDD826D5DF" box="[573,800,460,484]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">Schizotricha glacialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FCAD8ADDD8B5D5DF" authorityName="Ellis and Solander" authorityYear="1786" box="[815,947,460,484]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frutescens">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FCAD8ADDD8B5D5DF" box="[815,947,460,484]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. frutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FC6F8ADDDF6BD5DF" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[1005,1133,460,484]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="profunda">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FC6F8ADDDF6BD5DF" box="[1005,1133,460,484]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. profunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also have a heteromerous division of the cauline main tube, but in these species all the internodes are hydrothecate, the heteromerous condition referring to the presence of internodes bearing either one or two hydrothecae (even three or more in
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FB84893CDF89D67E" authorityName="Ellis and Solander" authorityYear="1786" box="[1030,1167,557,581]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="frutescens">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FB84893CDF89D67E" box="[1030,1167,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. frutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); moreover, this heteromerous division is also found in the hydrocladia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFDFFB6FF27897ED863D7F0" blockId="12.[138,1185,331,1133]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FF27897EDAA1D6BC" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2005" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2005" box="[165,423,623,647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heteromera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FF27897EDAA1D6BC" box="[165,423,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">Schizotricha heteromera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A8E0424FFFDFFB6FE2C897ED90ED6BC" box="[430,520,623,647]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also characterized by the high number of nematothecae present in the cauline hydrothecate internodes, having up to eight infrathecal and up to two suprathecal nematothecae (Table I). In this character,
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FC8A89A1D89BD6F3" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2005" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2005" box="[776,925,688,712]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heteromera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FC8A89A1D81ED6F3" box="[776,792,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FCAA89A1D89BD6F3" box="[808,925,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">heteromera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A8E0424FFFDFFB6FC2789A1DF07D6F3" box="[933,1025,688,712]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is allied to
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FB0A89A1DBFCD6D3" authorityName=": Pena Cantero and Vervoort" authorityYear="1999" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anderssoni">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FB0A89A1DBFCD6D3" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. anderssoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FEB589C1DADBD6D3" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[311,477,720,744]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multifurcata">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FEB589C1DADBD6D3" box="[311,477,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. multifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which also have a high number of infrathecal nematothecae (two to five in
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FEB489E1DAC0D733" authorityName=": Pena Cantero and Vervoort" authorityYear="1999" box="[310,454,752,776]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anderssoni">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FEB489E1DAC0D733" box="[310,454,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. anderssoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and four to five in
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FD2589E1D84AD733" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[679,844,752,776]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multifurcata">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FD2589E1D84AD733" box="[679,844,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. multifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FCE489E1D8F1D733" authorityName=": Pena Cantero and Vervoort" authorityYear="1999" box="[870,1015,752,776]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anderssoni">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FCE489E1D8F1D733" box="[870,1015,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. anderssoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also have up to two suprathecal nematothecae. Nevertheless, apart from the heteromerous division of the stem
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FF708820DA80D772" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2005" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2005" box="[242,390,817,841]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heteromera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FF708820DA80D772" box="[242,390,817,841]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. heteromera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A8E0424FFFDFFB6FE0F8820DAE1D772" box="[397,487,817,841]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
clearly differs from both species in having unbranched stems and a stronger hydrocladial branching (hydrocladia up to 11th order have been observed). In this last character
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FE078863D91AD7B1" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2005" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2005" box="[389,540,882,906]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heteromera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FE078863D91AD7B1" box="[389,540,882,906]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. heteromera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A8E0424FFFDFFB6FDA48863D985D7B1" box="[550,643,882,906]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
also differs from the remaining species of the genus except
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FEA78883DA83D791" authorityName="Pena Cantero and Vervoort" authorityYear="2004" box="[293,389,914,938]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="crassa">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FEA78883DA83D791" box="[293,389,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. crassa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since only
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FD8F8883D973D791" authorityName=": Pena Cantero and Vervoort" authorityYear="1999" box="[525,629,914,938]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FD8F8883D973D791" box="[525,629,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FD068883D821D791" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[644,807,914,938]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="multifurcata">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FD068883D821D791" box="[644,807,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. multifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FCB48883D8A1D791" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1906" box="[822,935,914,938]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="turqueti">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FCB48883D8A1D791" box="[822,935,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. turqueti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FC6A8883DF71D791" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[1000,1143,914,938]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unifurcata">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FC6A8883DF71D791" box="[1000,1143,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. unifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are close with up to seventh-order hydrocladia reported (Table I).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFDFFB6FF2788C5DA15D056" blockId="12.[138,1185,331,1133]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FF2788C5DAAAD7D7" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2005" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2005" box="[165,428,980,1004]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heteromera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FF2788C5DAAAD7D7" box="[165,428,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">Schizotricha heteromera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A8E0424FFFDFFB6FE3B88C5D91ED7D7" box="[441,536,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is also characterized by a higher number of nematothecae in the hydrocladial apophyses (three to four); only
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FC1088E5DF1BD037" authorityName="Pena Cantero" authorityYear="1998" box="[914,1053,1012,1036]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FC1088E5DF1BD037" box="[914,1053,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. vervoorti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with two to three nematothecae approaches
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FDCF8F05D9E8D017" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2005" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2005" box="[589,750,1044,1068]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heteromera" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FDCF8F05D9E8D017" box="[589,750,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. heteromera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A8E0424FFFDFFB6FC838F05D86ED017" box="[769,872,1044,1068]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in this respect, though the two species differ in many features, such as the presence of branched stems in
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FF088F44DA0CD056" authorityName="Pena Cantero" authorityYear="1998" box="[138,266,1109,1133]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vervoorti">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FF088F44DA0CD056" box="[138,266,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">S. vervoorti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFDFFB6FF088F87DFA7D0F5" blockId="12.[138,1185,1174,1230]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FF088F87D9A9D095" box="[138,687,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">
Ecology and distribution.
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FE288F87D9A9D095" authority="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 2005" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2005" box="[426,687,1174,1198]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heteromera" status="sp. nov.">Schizotricha heteromera</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7A8E0424FFFDFFB6FD388F87D81ED095" box="[698,792,1174,1198]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was collected in May at a depth between 93 and
<quantity id="9431C8A8FFFDFFB6FEC48FA7DA94D0F5" box="[326,402,1206,1230]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" unit="m" value="121.0">121 m</quantity>
off Visokoi Island, in the South Sandwich Archipelago (Scotia Sea).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5376654DFFFDFFB6FF088FE6DA27D10B" blockId="12.[138,1185,1271,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FF088FE6DA03D134" box="[138,261,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name
<taxonomicName id="94C91ECEFFFDFFB6FE768FE6D96FD134" authorityName="Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2005" box="[500,617,1271,1295]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="805" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="heteromera">
<emphasis id="61BDB95FFFFDFFB6FE768FE6D96FD134" box="[500,617,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="805">heteromera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the heteromerous division of the main cauline tube.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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