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115 lines
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<document id="1E05050E473EE65109BCCEF8606B13DB" ID-CLB-Dataset="34656" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.586.7758" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c0f04d42-1194-4231-9859-5ad24888c537" ID-PMC="PMC4857032" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-586-121" ID-PubMed="27199610" ID-ZooBank="E9FA6422FCCD4D8591411F0CEC01A66E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-586-121" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 586" ModsDocTitle="The larvae of the European species of genus Apataniana Mosely, 1936 (Trichoptera, Apataniidae): descriptions, key and ecology" checkinTime="1462413981549" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Waringer, Johann & Malicky, Hans" docDate="2016" docId="DADE51A5AED579552665EFE512A70778" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 586: 121-134" docOrigin="ZooKeys 586" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.586.7758" docTitle="Apataniana stropones Malicky 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="FFC9FF9A864CD618FFD9FFC9FFB97F7F" masterDocTitle="The larvae of the European species of genus Apataniana Mosely, 1936 (Trichoptera, Apataniidae): descriptions, key and ecology" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1701384133890" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2AF97D35F60AEACEC15917CA688D150D">The larvae of the European species of genus Apataniana Mosely, 1936 (Trichoptera, Apataniidae): descriptions, key and ecology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="113F645926A419DCB4CEC9EF5800D750">Waringer, Johann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4746833CD8966A9B925D7ECD79BDE31A">Malicky, Hans</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="BD51D3D1676755EEC34467B058C3A8E1">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="79A85587BF99056B6746DFE82D9513AA">586</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="1A82E776DA8796E36AEA23DC60C44EC3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="26399EC008AF2A7AD987F16503D3AD84" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.586.7758</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0656241F9E33B1DCC21040050313527B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-586-121</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DADE51A5AED579552665EFE512A70778" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127881118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DADE51A5AED579552665EFE512A70778" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DADE51A5AED579552665EFE512A70778" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<subSubSection id="7E060D5EF2BD2AF1C2B022360D5174F0" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="849D24F56F77C0B13901844291793FB7" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Taxon classification Animalia Trichoptera Apataniidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00C382CF04356F95D40F048A981DBDE6" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BA07012FAD88D83EAEE45DC5CD75C745" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="A35AB65A72EC3FA7B213056FA2768DCE" ID-CoL="F8LH" authority="Malicky, 1993" authorityName="Malicky" authorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apataniana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apataniana stropones" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stropones">Apataniana stropones Malicky, 1993</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CBAF3E598FD53889A27171F293F9993" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="description of the 5th instar larva">
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<paragraph id="9A7FC9B3CF81B4ADD23E1ABAF0A0E9ED" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Description of the 5th instar larva.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="165C99798EEFF72636B20697CFCCA745" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Diagnosis. Setae at anterior edge of pronotum long, tapering and with flexuous tips; setal transversal band at 1st abdominal dorsum continuous; 2nd tarsal claw shorter than half tarsal length; central submentum sides converging.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C110386D0137DA4D937607D8726A740F" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Biometry. Body length of 5th instar larvae ranging from 4.9 to 5.0 mm, head width from 0.73 to 0.74 mm (n= 3).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7705905009D02DFBC8B3EB36C1CBB9A4" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Head. Head capsule with dense cover of microspinules, roundish in shape and hypognathous (Figs 1-3). Coloration medium to dark brown; paler areas around eyes and around foramen occipitale (Figs 1, 2). Muscle attachment spots on frontoclypeus and parietalia small and indistinct (Figs 1, 2). In addition to complete set of primary setae, head capsule with many short, pale and almost translucent secondary setae (Fig. 2). Frontoclypeus bell-shaped, with narrow central constriction (Fig. 1). Antennae situated halfway between eye and anterior head margin (Fig. 1, arrow), short, each consisting of 1 short cylindrical base and 1 prominent lateral seta. Labrum dark brown, with setal brush at anterolateral corners originating from whitish pads of soft cuticle. Submentum wedge-shaped, sclerite almost as wide as long, convex-sided at center; light brown with medium brown pre-apical transverse band. Postgenal suture less than 20% of apotome length. Scraper-type mandibles (as in Fig. 15) black, brownish terminally, elongated quadrangular and without terminal teeth along cutting edge (as in Fig. 15).</paragraph>
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<caption id="27C4D3A61D30FACC3D974D263364611A" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<paragraph id="F55C7D0E2B7F92C7E59B6393DCF0AAED" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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Figures 1-4.
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<taxonomicName id="40C606A5D37347465D34EE3423558278" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apataniana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apataniana stropones" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stropones">Apataniana stropones</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="F1636381992209CE84E8D9DDAF7148AB" author="Malicky, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" pagination="352 - 356" title="Eine dritte Apataniana aus Griechenland." volume="103" year="1993">Malicky 1993</bibRefCitation>
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, 5th instar larva. 1 Head, frontal view (arrow: antenna) 2 Head, right fronto-lateral view 3 Head, ventral view 4 Pro- and mesonotum, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (except Fig. 4: 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="91D2440BA2855F7E3DF405542C8FE6C1" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<paragraph id="F5D8EE15E2D1F9DE08B3C3A96D873A9B" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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Figures 5-11.
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<taxonomicName id="86D8CE681E1743A86A089C31B794E67C" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apataniana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apataniana stropones" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stropones">Apataniana stropones</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD7B382A1D503F33D950A7B9B2009B92" author="Malicky, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" pagination="352 - 356" title="Eine dritte Apataniana aus Griechenland." volume="103" year="1993">Malicky 1993</bibRefCitation>
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, 5th instar larva. 5 Head and thorax, right lateral view (o: osmeterium) 6 Pronotum, dorsal view 7 Metathorax and anterior abdominal segments, dorsal view 8 Left foreleg, posterior face 9 Left midleg, posterior face 10 Left hind leg, posterior face 11 Larval case, right lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (except Figs 5, 7, 11: 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="7B859E9CD9DB2CFE249CDDE350592D6A" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<paragraph id="C699CBDFE69354D77B029B952413DC76" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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Figures 12-18. 12-14
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<taxonomicName id="9AD3826BD4E444ADA6C6F9AA3FEAF91D" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apataniana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apataniana stropones" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stropones">Apataniana stropones</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="7045A51D426E851140D068867332A9A0" author="Malicky, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" pagination="352 - 356" title="Eine dritte Apataniana aus Griechenland." volume="103" year="1993">Malicky 1993</bibRefCitation>
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, 5th instar larva. 12 Mid tarsus and claw, anterior face 13 Tip of abdomen, right lateral view 14 Ninth abdominal dorsum, dorsal view 15-18
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<taxonomicName id="1EF606D1D56BBD01821EB13276099166" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apataniana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apataniana hellenica" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hellenica">Apataniana hellenica</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="32724E5DE9F9CFA0FF84C04A342C959B" author="Malicky, H" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" title="The first European Apataniana (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae): Apatanianahellenica sp. n., from Greece." url="10.1080/01650428709361298" volume="9" year="1987">Malicky 1987</bibRefCitation>
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, 5th instar larva. 15 Head, right lateral view 16 Submentum 17 Metathorax and anterior abdominal segments, dorsal view 18 Mid tarsus and claw, anterior face. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (except Figs 12, 16, 18: 0.25 mm and Figs 13, 17: 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="074EBFC12FBB5DCCE5865CA24EF3CA79" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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Thorax. Pronotum medium brown, surface densely granulated, posterior margins thickened and darkly striped (Figs 4, 5). Pronotal transverse groove lacking, as typical for
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<taxonomicName id="F3284DCDAD679F6E4706C02F1C101530" family="Apataniidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="family">Apataniidae</taxonomicName>
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larvae (Figs 5, 6). In profile, pronotum slightly rounded (Fig. 5). Pronotal surface densely covered by pale, translucent, tapering setae with flexuous tips, especially along the anterior border (Fig. 6); in addition 30-40 longer setae present on each pronotal half (Figs 4, 5). As in other
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<taxonomicName id="BE7435CAED6F38147A18C929145930AB" family="Apataniidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" rank="family">Apataniidae</taxonomicName>
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larvae, a defensive gland is situated beneath the pronotal sclerites. In all three European
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<taxonomicName id="A6659EEBC159700C6735C992E74CF2A0" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apataniana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apataniana" order="Trichoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apataniana</taxonomicName>
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larvae, an additional Y-shaped appendix is present which can be extended at the cervix between pronotum and head (=osmeterium; Fig. 5o); when threatened, the gland is able to produce a mix of up to 40 fatty acids as a defense agent against predacious invertebrates (
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<bibRefCitation id="E117DF9BECFF239CCB27FBDE27AB07A1" author="Wagner, R" journalOrPublisher="Chemoecology" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" pagination="96 - 104" title="Defensive secretion from the larvae of Apataniafimbriata (Pictet) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)." url="10.1007/BF01241650" volume="1" year="1990">Wagner et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
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). Pentangular prosternite densely covered by microspinules, very pale and indistinct in its anterior and lateral sections; along posterior border with light brown transverse band; with distinct, light brown and triangular lateral sclerites. Prosternal horn present. Mesonotum completely covered by 2 light brown sclerites; their anterior, lateral and postero-lateral margins darker sclerotized; mesonotal surface with medium brown muscle attachment spots (Fig. 4). Metanotum partially covered by only 1 pair of yellowish lateral sclerites with anterior groups of approximately 20 setae per sclerite and dark brown muscle attachment spots; anterior and posterior metanotal sclerites completely lacking and replaced by groups of setae: 15-20 at each anterior and 15-18 at each posterior metanotal position (Fig. 7). Legs yellowish to light brown with
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<pageBreakToken id="67331E17C662DDDFD9026256829927C0" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" start="start">numerous</pageBreakToken>
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setae on coxae, trochanters and femora; tibiae and tarsi with only a small number of setae (Figs 8-10). Femora each with more than 1 proximodorsal seta. Coxa, femur and tibia of each foreleg wider than those of mid- and hind legs. Additional se
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<pageBreakToken id="5C9DDB138958B976B82EDAD8A0807C14" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" start="start">tae</pageBreakToken>
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present at anterior and posterior faces of all femora. Setae lacking at distal sections of trochanter on all legs. Mid tarsal claw shorter than half tarsal length; in addition, tarsal claw seta long and almost reaching tip of tarsal claw (Fig. 12).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="263B1CDD5E3325AC9B9C3710E2683F9B" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Abdomen. 1st abdominal segment with 1 dorsal and 2 lateral fleshy protuberances densely covered by microspinules. Setal transversal band at 1st abdominal dorsum continuous at center, consisting of 45-60 setae (Fig. 7); dorsal of each lateral protuberance, an additional group of 7-10 setae is present. Ventral section of lateral protuberances and 1st abdominal sternum with continuous field of setae with basal sclerites minute and inconspicuous; total setal number is 130-150.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8FE7D555BA02FC4BDA2FBADA71E96F13" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">8th abdominal dorsum with 14-18 posterodorsal setae; several posterolateral setae on each half of 9th abdominal dorsum. All gills single filaments. Dorsal gills present at most from 2nd segment (postsegmental position) to 4th segment (postsegmental position). Ventral gills ranging from 2nd (postsegmental) to 6th segment (postsegmental). Lateral gills lacking. Lateral fringe extending from start of 2nd to mid 8th abdominal segment. Dorsal of lateral fringe a small number of forked lamellae is present per segment (as in Figs 20, 21).</paragraph>
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<caption id="C74A6BD5E7EDB20D49F8AF15968C66F3" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
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<paragraph id="08AFCC27EFCEC96817DA88075ADA3A40" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
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Figures 19-26. 19-21
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<taxonomicName id="62C867958EFBC4A520AEAC52D6239F30" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apataniana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apataniana hellenica" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hellenica">Apataniana hellenica</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="F21600391A36BF5CF8E509B67F3C0682" author="Malicky, H" journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" title="The first European Apataniana (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae): Apatanianahellenica sp. n., from Greece." url="10.1080/01650428709361298" volume="9" year="1987">Malicky 1987</bibRefCitation>
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, 5th instar larva. 19 Left mesonotum, dorsal view 20 Anterior abdominal segments, right lateral view (dotted oval: forked lamellae) 21 Detail of forked lamellae situated dorsal of lateral fringe 22-26.
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<taxonomicName id="9F4640380CAB559F71BFE564C01234D7" class="Insecta" family="Apataniidae" genus="Apataniana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apataniana vardusia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vardusia">Apataniana vardusia</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="E227D8C72A5A4FCFF7FFF4547580F622" author="Malicky, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="9" pageNumber="130" pagination="40 - 45" title="Vier neue griechische Koecherfliegen (Trichoptera)." volume="102" year="1992">Malicky 1992</bibRefCitation>
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, 5th instar larva. 22 Head, frontal view 23 Submentum 24 Left mesonotum, dorsal view 25 Metathorax and anterior abdominal segments, dorsal view 26 Mid tarsus and claw, anterior face. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (except Figs 20, 25: 1 mm and Figs 23, 26: 0.25 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1613BD017FD38E5946CFE7CA53BCFF13" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Light brown sclerite on 9th abdominal segment semicircular, with light muscle attachment spots; with 26-33 setae, 6 long and the remainder short to medium in length (Fig. 14). Anal prolegs of the limnephilid type, light brown and with dark brown bar at anterodorsal border of claw base. Anal proleg lateral sclerite with 5 setae along posterior edge (Fig. 13). Anal claws dark brown, with tiny dorsal accessory hook.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F5EECCF43B5EE75A25AF33C40FD9B752" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Case. Fifth instar larval case 5.4-5.5 mm long (n= 3), curved, tapering posteriorly (width at anterior opening 1.8-2.0 mm and at posterior opening 0.9-1.1 mm), consisting of mineral particles of varying size, sometimes mixed with larger particles attached mostly laterally, thereby creating wing-like structures (Fig. 11).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |