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<document id="F22EF33232B23D68F6CC9620C1A9200E" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2cc30a93-7677-4eeb-8d50-9139c05464ee" ModsDocID="z01009p037" checkinTime="1247060907689" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Carlos Donascimiento &amp; John G. Lundberg" docDate="2005" docId="DAB764684685CB5EC7A1C96C6B2EBC22" docLanguage="en" docName="2005_Donascimiento_Lundberg_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1009" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CC27B747-2338-4221-A174-58F16073C8C6" docTitle="Myoglanis" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="11F68E8684423F4F807A65F4574DB6FE" masterDocTitle="Myoglanis aspredinoides (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae), a new catfish from the Río Ventuari, Venezuela." masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1701314165179" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1BBAB34FC1690FB369EFDA5967AFEE46">Myoglanis aspredinoides (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae), a new catfish from the Río Ventuari, Venezuela.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EF2B877CBAF118B672AFD0AB45D6BBCA">Carlos Donascimiento</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1DD950844E4BA5DE0C4469E8682CAB39">John G. Lundberg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9707CCA404D77B0CFEDB70966CB2FD30">2005</mods:date>
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<treatment id="DAB764684685CB5EC7A1C96C6B2EBC22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6267749" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100124171" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6267749" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DAB764684685CB5EC7A1C96C6B2EBC22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DAB764684685CB5EC7A1C96C6B2EBC22" lastPageNumber="45" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="70C29D166A4650F0FBF4D0597E6BA04B" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="90E8647A3E91AC20FF749195212D6638" pageNumber="44">
[[ Genus
<taxonomicName id="139098858841D79C208060F6A7017804" ID-CoL="5WDL" ID-ENA="1281319" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
]]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2D127ED43602A080D2EEBC75D7286AE7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5356D1163EBD3DC39BE77DA2B36CBACF" pageNumber="44">Discussion</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F628E3CB3B0DC433E5018DF5D674D313" pageNumber="44">
Eigenmann (1912) created the genera
<taxonomicName id="435C487282B8E8240F9F9F11529EF553" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22B38156-D728-42B3-BA9E-FE3D2DC9177F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Brachyglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brachyglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 156" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyglanis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6FAB8C12D726BDBD6198A7DE3A5CCF76" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3D5FF330E3E868EAA41E278C3B15D1CF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A7961FC7-6112-496D-BFBD-93C9C951C575" class="Actinopterygii" family="Amphiliidae" genus="Leptoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptoglanis Boulenger 1902:42" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptoglanis</taxonomicName>
for new species of small catfishes from Guyana. The last of these, being preoccupied by
<taxonomicName id="B9B854201E33EDF38DEA6F7DF38F9664" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A7961FC7-6112-496D-BFBD-93C9C951C575" class="Actinopterygii" family="Amphiliidae" genus="Leptoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptoglanis Boulenger 1902:42" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptoglanis Boulenger</taxonomicName>
(1902), was replaced by
<taxonomicName id="6A2170BECC7093B551AE750DEED0EA5D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia Eigenmann</taxonomicName>
(1918). The fishes in Eigenmanns genera are similar in having a thick layer of jaw adductor muscle on the skull roof, strong pectoral-fin spines and subcutaneous eyes. As diagnosed by Eigenmann,
<taxonomicName id="621C70903EBE887FE9C8EC436C964A8F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22B38156-D728-42B3-BA9E-FE3D2DC9177F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Brachyglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brachyglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 156" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyglanis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FAFE5C40818DBA98FA3CAC66603EE434" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2665BB861327156061F19F6D4F446AC3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
differ primarily in degree of spine-like ossification of the dorsal spine, length of the adipose fin and its contact with the caudal, and caudal-fin shape. The taxonomic histories of
<taxonomicName id="947BB670654D941ED42FBD62F83253EB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="26F55B0E33D4DB6C1365D49CEB284AB1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
are checkered with their synonymy by Gosline (1941) followed by renewed recognition by Lundberg et al. (1991), Bockmann (1998) and Bockmann and Guazelli (2003).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69DBE884F93E4A49A6341FE67CD4EAB7" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="0B13407F0A66B3D21FB6EB82BCFF14A6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22B38156-D728-42B3-BA9E-FE3D2DC9177F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Brachyglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brachyglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 156" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyglanis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89AFE00E222132965415CA1559936CB4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="95FF00DE65ECC69C12591A7A9727D458" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
along with
<taxonomicName id="DB68C3DE2C9BAEFF3C88DF70C817F01F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:86996068-00AF-49BA-9B14-DE1BAA12E1E4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Gladioglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gladioglanis Ferraris &amp; Mago-Leccia 1989:166" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gladioglanis</taxonomicName>
and the members of the
<taxonomicName id="2D00863F100FB03456FA2A32EB110AA1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:941FE66E-9EC7-4E33-A398-96B2BBB6DE49" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Nemuroglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemuroglanis Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann 1889:29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemuroglanis</taxonomicName>
subclade (Ferraris 1988) were assigned by Lundberg et al. (1991) to a large unnamed monophyletic group characterized by the loss of a free orbital rim around the eye. This group excludes the genera
<taxonomicName id="4DEAC1E312E9B7FAE80298F75A35E59E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:06B2164E-FA43-442C-8C6E-B8DFD8F29F28" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Brachyrhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brachyrhamdia Myers 1927:123" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyrhamdia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CE7B1A26E34A8FE140CDAA49B3AF4A41" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0EB3AA1-9773-4B5F-8F68-FFA13EE8397A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Pimelodella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Pimelodella Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann 1888:131" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pimelodella</taxonomicName>
(with its synonyms
<taxonomicName id="B71F7610838F8F80888BE64E64DD6980" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1C53250-8071-4AB0-B7C6-B8A12AAF3DD6" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Caecorhamdella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Caecorhamdella Borodin 1927:1" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Caecorhamdella</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FA0248EBE2197F4B22DE1EEF80ED5DA6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DC72646F-9D97-4142-A915-FF6A25607BAA" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Typhlobagrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Typhlobagrus Miranda-Ribeiro 1907:[1]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Typhlobagrus</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="E4836A3B290E1D0BCA8B47DFCC0F5DFE" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Rhamdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhamdella</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="09641E1CCF2BF2FFF969A78D241D75A5" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Rhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhamdia</taxonomicName>
(including
<taxonomicName id="5CC02F01B291729A76A161F8AFCECE7E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F95F1A8F-93A3-43BA-9274-CBCF7B70F52D" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Caecorhamdia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Caecorhamdia Norman 1926:325" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Caecorhamdia</taxonomicName>
). Because of their plesiomorphic retention of a strong pectoral spine
<taxonomicName id="7AC639DCC69783EF24249E627D6CE145" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:86996068-00AF-49BA-9B14-DE1BAA12E1E4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Gladioglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gladioglanis Ferraris &amp; Mago-Leccia 1989:166" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gladioglanis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="52378DA61DA5FAB36472C8F17A0E1BD5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22B38156-D728-42B3-BA9E-FE3D2DC9177F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Brachyglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brachyglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 156" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyglanis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ABAC3F49580BA1F4B197B127EA54CE7C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="469752F8C0E5CF633E7C864DCDAA7189" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
are excluded from the
<taxonomicName id="85121BDCA1FCAF50BB6DF2B1D50C93EF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:941FE66E-9EC7-4E33-A398-96B2BBB6DE49" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Nemuroglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemuroglanis Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann 1889:29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemuroglanis</taxonomicName>
subclade in which the spine is reduced to a segmented, unbranched ray. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="DF6C333397B0BA4196EAD6DBD6520413" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:86996068-00AF-49BA-9B14-DE1BAA12E1E4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Gladioglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gladioglanis Ferraris &amp; Mago-Leccia 1989:166" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gladioglanis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="987BA7CAEDDF053153C26592E4FB03BB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6BB546DF4EDA5D73CD62A1D979819821" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
each share different synapomorphic characters with the
<taxonomicName id="2E051F674D546134837A7FBC502C472F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:941FE66E-9EC7-4E33-A398-96B2BBB6DE49" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Nemuroglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Nemuroglanis Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann 1889:29" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nemuroglanis</taxonomicName>
subclade, the resulting pattern of incongruence resulted in an unresolved arrangement at this level with
<taxonomicName id="9A70A0B6925D05AA45D92914E86DD2D8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22B38156-D728-42B3-BA9E-FE3D2DC9177F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Brachyglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brachyglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 156" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyglanis</taxonomicName>
in a lower level because of its plesiomorphic condition for all of those characters. Lundberg et al. (1991) also advanced a hypothesis of possible monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="C376F58BB85B3BE2D9922722CDBCC396" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22B38156-D728-42B3-BA9E-FE3D2DC9177F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Brachyglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brachyglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 156" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyglanis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E2347C831C0DA52B7066721012F9D315" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7C557EED2C8888370B6FA75CA95287F2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
based on the invasion of the adductor mandibulae muscle onto the skull roof, an obvious derived condition for Siluriformes (Lundberg 1982; Grande &amp; Lundberg 1988).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19BB8705034777CB2212E8207BA993B0" pageNumber="45">
More recently Bockmann (1998) presented a comprehensive hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships and diagnoses for heptapterid genera and higher subgroups. Bockmann (1998) presented phylogenetic evidence for a sister group relationship between
<taxonomicName id="02F6F68D4D2F5C23263220457788C3C1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C179BED1CDA6CFF3BEABB792EC8E96BF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
within a clade also including
<taxonomicName id="5A915B0F049E020BD10CEDA4EB67C6C1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22B38156-D728-42B3-BA9E-FE3D2DC9177F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Brachyglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brachyglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 156" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyglanis</taxonomicName>
. In our study we located two additional informative characters that corroborate the
<taxonomicName id="7E2B6E37C0B38CA4B39961CA8D4259D7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="224FA521A646F34C208D87C54CD209AD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
pair. First, the anteriormost cutaneous sensory pores of supraorbital (SO1), infraorbital (IO1) and mandibular branch (MA1-3 in
<taxonomicName id="446CBE1CF499B877C3A80A69D9CE134C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C960D6DF11F63BBA7AF65D230FFAC003" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFB65EE0-531A-462F-AF6F-13641975F199" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis aspredinoides DoNascimiento &amp; Lundberg 2005:39" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspredinoides">Myoglanis aspredinoides</taxonomicName>
; MA1-5 in
<taxonomicName id="B54761E5A7D5D19FA3E3FD69FAA83876" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
sp) are wider than remaining pores. In the case of
<taxonomicName id="340C642D5808C6270D8D25050DD172C7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E822BA18-F300-4D3B-8399-DD4CD85F3B87" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis potaroensis Eigenmann 1912:159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="potaroensis">Myoglanis potaroensis</taxonomicName>
only SO1 and IO1 are considerably wider than the others and the pores of preoperculomandibular canal are relatively wide but of similar diameter. A widened condition of cutaneous sensory pores in the head is also found in
<taxonomicName id="2BC3DC5553E93AEA6960EE48FD9C4CF2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:86996068-00AF-49BA-9B14-DE1BAA12E1E4" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Gladioglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Gladioglanis Ferraris &amp; Mago-Leccia 1989:166" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gladioglanis</taxonomicName>
, but in this case all the pores of each canal exhibit the same diameter and are therefore considered different from the asymmetric condition of
<taxonomicName id="51C274235E9111E152EE2B22DD7B2440" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FB7EDD6D030C55C94815701F6FC27AE4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
. Second, the anterior margin of first and second pelvic-fin rays are pinnate (Fig. 4), with long anterior extensions of the lepidotrich segments. In Heptapteridae a similar but less developed condition is present in
<taxonomicName id="242F7B670798D1362A5D1442CEC27CBE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5DD291B1-50C3-4DBE-B69E-F5A58CFD01E7" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Cetopsorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cetopsorhamdia Eigenmann &amp; Fisher 1916:83" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cetopsorhamdia</taxonomicName>
sp., where the lepidotrich segments are restricted to the distal margin. Elsewhere in Siluriformes the glyptosternoid fishes of the family Sisoridae exhibit an extreme pinnate condition both in pectoral and pelvic fins that has apparently evolved independently and is associated with the torrential stream habitat of glyptosternoids (Hora &amp; Silas 1952). Table 2 summarizes these and other characters varying among
<taxonomicName id="6038395266E1C54722A826CDD86F7439" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B74DAF945846F0F600189BE30583805B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E755F94B-B42B-4135-BBE4-CE6614211789" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Leptorhamdia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Leptorhamdia Eigenmann 1918:260" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Leptorhamdia</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9E68F82D30235A176B44311595271CE8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22B38156-D728-42B3-BA9E-FE3D2DC9177F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Brachyglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Brachyglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 156" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachyglanis</taxonomicName>
. Thus, in the latest authoritative treatments,
<taxonomicName id="8A76D398211888F386A9CAD536254DBC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
is considered both valid and monophyletic. Within this framework, the diagnostic synapomorphies of
<taxonomicName id="D4CFFF0B275B278DD5664BC196927E36" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:52CAC539-A22E-4708-A45D-508763987D8A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis Eigenmann 1912:130, 159" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myoglanis</taxonomicName>
are: ossified portion of dorsal spine greatly reduced; first dorsal-fin basal radial inserted posterior to neural spine of vertebra 6; 46 or more total vertebrae (vs. 47 or fewer); 16 or more anal-fin rays (vs. 17 or fewer); lower half or more of adipose fin thickened (vs. base only thickened); adipose fin reaching and broadly confluent with caudal fin (vs. adipose fin not reaching caudal fin or if close adipose retains a free posterior lobe); upper procurrent rays of the caudal fin reduced to 8-13 (vs. 12 or more). Within the genus,
<taxonomicName id="EA73DD1BA70E3585813726E2830A65D6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFB65EE0-531A-462F-AF6F-13641975F199" class="Actinopterygii" family="Heptapteridae" genus="Myoglanis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Myoglanis aspredinoides DoNascimiento &amp; Lundberg 2005:39" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspredinoides">M. aspredinoides</taxonomicName>
exhibits the most highly derived conditions of total vertebral, dorsal procurrent caudal-fin ray and anal-fin ray counts, and matches its congeners in the dorsal and adipose fin synapomorphies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>