281 lines
37 KiB
XML
281 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="B96B535EA5B6B7135347BCD403775DBE" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="18d4e122-73c1-495b-92eb-e44c78650f02" ModsDocID="z01422p001" checkinTime="1247404526241" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Michael W. Littmann" docDate="2007" docId="DA7C9E8C2AFE588576B43C964C873AED" docLanguage="en" docName="2007_Littmann_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1422" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1CCCAEFE-5AEB-4489-94D3-0E5BCBB65DB1" docTitle="Sorubim lima" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="CFDBD12565879C03C8FB28F58E238A70" masterDocTitle="Systematic review of the neotropical shovelnose catfish genus Sorubim Cuvier (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)." masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1701314569889" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="4807FD7A8972FE56ECFB9CD5BC5AE852" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="E6407F5CDF8CD85A7C299CBACC463F83">
|
|
<mods:title id="77FF024D9391C64C39913DE7B0B6DB2C">Systematic review of the neotropical shovelnose catfish genus Sorubim Cuvier (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae).</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="FF83528162C4D6BA22679D843E792B4E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="084372A46B449F81DAEF00246041BA1A">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="FBB4DD523EE2D462BA0B441E23419A7E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="AEA8A43E5B6189ACFF3DED9581F97F70">Michael W. Littmann</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="9D9CF14B77FB754000D4A8D106646573">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="CCCC30A76218785971875E55ADA94F91" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="2F927EE3F7785DE4F69100A56E3E3D87">
|
|
<mods:title id="D28E0C53132AAA17C91AE863FA9D92A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="7B6BD233465234C4396B09BB62014082">
|
|
<mods:date id="180EF595D4D06DD742F491A7782BCF3E">2007</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="1AE94960C67737AEB848232B8B5EC500" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="563BE405C2C1A215C1F0EBF33CC64BC5">1422</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="AC1BCD166B51920A331C8B06F19288DE" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="F5847DE46FBF0BA0C78FAF65FD80173D">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="D6DE4FD4A36F649FB64A67D759A17AB9">29</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="D4ACFA1AF4761FAE24DA583974932FCD">
|
|
<mods:url id="DF53EFEA40D29134EF476C0B6B75308A">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1CCCAEFE-5AEB-4489-94D3-0E5BCBB65DB1</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="B92DC773AD75B83DE9082917C55564B9">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="0E5ED12350E1E6FD338278619CE27856" type="Plazi-Custom">z01422p001</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="D214AE03B95CEFD586EA96D3FE8E0100" type="ZooBank">1CCCAEFE-5AEB-4489-94D3-0E5BCBB65DB1</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="DA7C9E8C2AFE588576B43C964C873AED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6240460" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100121489" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6240460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA7C9E8C2AFE588576B43C964C873AED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7C9E8C2AFE588576B43C964C873AED" lastPageNumber="13" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<subSubSection id="451B09BB7AE052F966BCBA37CB238520" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="CC196BB1315B67210827E0EA0F21DB89" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1FA61E0DEFFBEF14506EF53F5D9FA70A" ID-CoL="4YD5T" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">Sorubim lima (Bloch & Schneider 1801)</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F370AC5111945D236B7465A24CCB9AA2" pageNumber="8">
|
|
Chiripira,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="89E75F91C91A21A5F23C6F188BD8F8E5" originalValue="Chucharón">Chucharon</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Pico de pato, Lima Shovelnose, Duckbill Catfish
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="CBAB536FDBE4DB5A8059A1C7C0DD6287" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="6035117CBC679F5BBD0CE25DE1A89AF3" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5 (Holotype), Fig. 6</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="7CAFEFDA0A6A65A22D1AC53DAC8AF008" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="5E05B03EBDA4E72A62516090261431D2" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A3261C467FD57A9A5DC9F21D40C66770" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57BD71DE-A2BA-48EA-BB74-8E2F6278EB25" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus lima Bloch & Schneider 1801:384" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">Silurus lima Bloch and Schneider 1801</taxonomicName>
|
|
, p. 384.
|
|
<materialsCitation id="32739090F18959B89306217F60E8B8E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923890226" country="Brazil">
|
|
Type locality: in flumine Maranham Brasiliae (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="5B63DAF37F7F13E66A69B749EAD91D7A">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
).
|
|
<typeStatus id="DB89CEBDA948A13D97DA9C6A121EC137">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectionCode id="A6C388444ABBF6F4D099E76A678D672C" collectionName="Germany, Berlin, Museum fuer Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitaet">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
|
3185 (stuffed).
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FC789C19FB56BC8A39CFF5F913B8ADF9" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E587046A230E105E708F8B10452FEE80" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FC5E6314-9C1D-44D1-BC9E-DC5366AEA176" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim infraoculare Spix 1829:24" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infraoculare">Sorubim infraoculare Spix in Spix and Agassiz, 1829</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 24, pl. 15.
|
|
<materialsCitation id="2833D1C7109F043F0FAF005CD2422BD7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923890214" country="Brazil">
|
|
Type locality:
|
|
<collectingCountry id="D7AB76BF23BA4397C9C690262A9395D7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
Not available, first published in the synonomy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DDE18BEB8F246AD546842798E30582E" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">Platystoma lima (Bloch & Schneider 1801)</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D6207F1897E0F6448EFAB6A87BFACB66" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C64621E7860554BABBE5876AD483A307" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F95DFC3F-DCE4-4886-87D5-E6EE31AFB9F1" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus gerupensis Natterer 1858:399 [29]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gerupensis">Silurus gerupensis Natterer in Kner, 1858</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 399.
|
|
<materialsCitation id="48EC99A8573F2075615DC8137DA4CE75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923890201" country="Brazil">
|
|
Type locality: stemmen von Rio
|
|
<normalizedToken id="A2223D5794A49B95744197BC42DC88BB" originalValue="Guaporé">Guapore</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Rio Branco und Rio Negro.
|
|
<typeStatus id="B9310DF04B2A448AF908827D2CDE03F2">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
: whereabouts unknown.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
Not available, first published in synonomy under
|
|
<taxonomicName id="210694ED525E47095FC2AA74308F415D" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">Platystoma lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0DAB8E7C54E8BB452095BABFF0F29E77" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13442F68DF381D592EF3AD6DA36D01CA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D232C5A4-54E2-4E79-94A0-15C01FEEA405" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma luceri Weyenbergh 1877:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luceri">Platystoma luceri Weyenbergh, 1877</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 10, pl. 3 (figs. 1-3).
|
|
<materialsCitation id="ED5EAF37E84A8AD8BDC97BA8D5B9CAD0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923890221" country="Argentina" stateProvince="Santa Fe">
|
|
Type locality:
|
|
<collectingCountry id="12157CF872AA9EB531AFE4AD757878E4">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="8D047F66E28BCC4EABBDD17EA28EE3DE">Santa Fe</collectingRegion>
|
|
.
|
|
<typeStatus id="2E0A64D6C088F5236A60C842C5C53C4B">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
: whereabouts unknown.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
Junior subjective synonym (herein).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3CCD3946A91F6CAEF965381D71AF1FF3" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1B82E2C60D642A0EDEB71B2D0EE1EF21" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2A5765C-1874-47F8-8E96-370ED77701AC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:14" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">Sorubim latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920</taxonomicName>
|
|
: 14, pl. 12.
|
|
<materialsCitation id="344F9648A0FAD8D1846816402513F370" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923890222" country="Brazil">
|
|
Type locality: Amazonas (
|
|
<collectingCountry id="EBE48B011BEA510082B0DD33E6BE5D6F">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
|
).
|
|
<typeStatus id="B12E452F08EE6B3F955D62B36466E69F">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectionCode id="A989F3BBBE987BBE275CB968F658E2B3" collectionName="Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Cristovao, Universidade do Rio Janeiro, Museu Nacional">MNRJ</collectionCode>
|
|
631.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
Junior subjective synonym (herein).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C99AE9F82345194BD6AB0B919CC2EEDD" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="3E26FCE48875EA69DE57E96C5BC135E9" lastPageNumber="9" pageNumber="8">
|
|
Diagnosis: A species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A730B571E08AD7717D372086CB02F333" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1B16E22-5503-46E3-8E9E-EF7935778506" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim Cuvier 1829:293" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorubim</taxonomicName>
|
|
distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BF06A5A84EE583C3F7F94F991D604ED8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DE2E6A95-A91F-4F1F-9601-3F2A40F90C42" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim elongatus Littmann, Burr, Schmidt & Isern 2001:4" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">S. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having modally nine pectoral rays; 21 anal-fin rays; 16 gill rakers; large vomerine tooth patches, almost always fused (Littmann et al. 2000, fig. 4a); a more robust, deeper head and body; body somewhat compressed laterally; mental barbels equal or anterior to gular apex (Littmann et al. 2001b, fig. 4a). Differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="51C031467000AA0B05F593682859D840" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3551D3F9-5069-42B9-AED3-3EA5E8B8A80D" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim cuspicaudus Littmann, Burr & Nass 2000:903" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuspicaudus">S. cuspicaudus</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having rounded caudal fin lobes and more robust body. Distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="67F0319F974465C41E6412B631F7EE4A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A87E9236-71E1-4887-B166-A0CDAC6A56F3" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim trigonocephalus Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:12" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonocephalus">S. trigonocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by premaxillary tooth patch length being 1.5 to 2.5 times its width. Trenchantly differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB97A0DF5641254FB23CA80642AACE91" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:744184CA-9548-4EDA-A96E-751728A9A1E1" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim maniradii Littmann, Burr & Buitrago-Suarez 2001:88" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maniradii">S. maniradii</taxonomicName>
|
|
having only 13-18 gill rakers. Additional characteristics distinguishing
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DC36C992926291A1E7CEC634E01238BF" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
from congeners include pelvic fins that contact or nearly reach anal fin origin when depressed and presence of thin plates or ossicles (highly variable in shape) extending vertically on anterior lateral line in most large adults.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E72CB78EAE19F87FAD13F4E655C2D2F5" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="7935E7238A74065535A581C7F0F5BC50" pageNumber="9">
|
|
Description: Mensural and meristic data are given in Tables 1-5. Largest individual 505 mm SL (BMNH 1895.5.17.16,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="5E286FAB6632DC9D397E43A3D438FA72" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paraguay). Dorsal-fin rays II,6 (n=196); pectoral-fin rays I,9 (8-10); anal fin rays 21 (19- 22); pelvic-fin rays 6, 1 unbranched and 5 branched (n=196); principal caudal rays on upper lobe always 8, lower rays variable, 8-13; gill rakers on first pharyngeal arch 16 (13-18), 3-4 (usually 4) on epibranchial. Body-shape and form shown in Figs. 5, 6. Head, body, and caudal peduncle deeper than in other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="43E42665DF42D1DA89578C474809AF2E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1B16E22-5503-46E3-8E9E-EF7935778506" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim Cuvier 1829:293" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorubim</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This is based on unpublished data from my graduate thesis that included a sheared principal components analysis (PCA) of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="357076AB9BBE6828CDCAA645AD624340" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs. congeners. A sheared PCA used to compare head and body shape of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6357EC785F524761861E7B837747F31A" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EE2EAE40922047D59BD1419DD0376AC6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DE2E6A95-A91F-4F1F-9601-3F2A40F90C42" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim elongatus Littmann, Burr, Schmidt & Isern 2001:4" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">S. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be found in Littmann et al. (2001b).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A85163227E0FDA921FCA4921D0A05DDD" pageNumber="9">Head length approximately 3 times gape width (n=80, range 2.61-3.65, mean 3.00), interorbital distance 3 times or more than eye diameter (n=81, range 2.34-5.42, mean 3.58), anal- fin length 1.75-2.25 times adipose fin length (n=46, range 1.59-2.63, mean 2.08), premaxillary tooth patch width approximately 2 times its length (n=58, range 1.44-2.79, mean 2.06). Eyes positioned laterally on the head, visible ventrally. Three pairs fleshy barbels on head, ovate or flat in cross-section. Maxillary barbels long, sometimes reaching beyond pelvic-fin origin. Outer mental barbels extend beyond posterior cleithral process. Inner mental barbel insertion anterior to or even with gular apex (Littmann 2001b, fig. 4,) and short, not reaching beyond bony operculum.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="03DB426AC7965C4906494C9B6B3C4890" pageNumber="9">Color in alcohol: Dorsal surface on freshly preserved specimens dark black or brown above, black or dark brown lateral stripe originating from area proximal to or completely through eye and reaching posterior tip of lower lobe of caudal fin on inferior margin. Area between darkened dorsum and lateral stripe intersected by a lighter area of white, gray, light tan or brown. In live specimens, lighter areas may appear golden or slate gray, often appearing iridescent. Some individuals may also display dark blotches or spots on dorsal part of body. Ventral part of body white or cream colored. Preserved specimens usually light brown or gold above, tan below.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A1C84968E6F31FBFF688DC757468C6C6" pageNumber="10">Juveniles more heavily pigmented than adults. Posterior-most rays on dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins heavily speckled with chromatophores, speckling reduced in adults. Some individuals exhibit dark chromatophores on all fin-rays. During development, relative length and amount of pigmentation is reduced on lower caudal lobe until specimen reaches ~100 mm SL (Reid 1986). The degree of barbel pigment is highly variable. Maxillary barbels black, outer mental barbels black, clear or white. Inner mental barbels clear, white, or cream colored. Fin-rays in live specimens transparent, lemon yellow in preserved specimens.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="374ED49AA6E13CD5830DC4AD696D2E4C" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="BE6F192BEDB571245FB3895CDCBF591F" pageNumber="10">Etymology: The name lima, meaning a file in Latin, refers to the ventrally exposed premaxillary tooth patch.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="26BD3BC755F69F2D6A665715AC2ACCC2" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="FB4701BF5B6DB91D9B94041565FCABAD" pageNumber="10">
|
|
Distribution:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B2CF5988219F24233354FF46821D1DD0" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">Sorubim lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widely distributed throughout most of South America east of the Andes mountain range (Fig. 7), including the Amazon, Orinoco,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="9F1F378618C3E160B8374A1C54191D26" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
and
|
|
<normalizedToken id="B0A28431062A09639CDCDA3CDB25D361" originalValue="Parnaíba">Parnaiba</normalizedToken>
|
|
river drainages. It is syntopic with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8325188A3518673CA12B0002D516F5A9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DE2E6A95-A91F-4F1F-9601-3F2A40F90C42" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim elongatus Littmann, Burr, Schmidt & Isern 2001:4" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">S. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the Orinoco basin and with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="68D605E9D5154029444EAED4B943CB6A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DE2E6A95-A91F-4F1F-9601-3F2A40F90C42" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim elongatus Littmann, Burr, Schmidt & Isern 2001:4" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">S. elongatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="686FA618CAAE94CCDC53C44B806BCD3E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:744184CA-9548-4EDA-A96E-751728A9A1E1" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim maniradii Littmann, Burr & Buitrago-Suarez 2001:88" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maniradii">S. maniradii</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the upper Amazon drainage of Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="639930C777B168FF2890AB2E5E8008E4" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="DA82D3573FD3DF3573ACF744D36FB74D" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Remarks: Bleeker (1862) designated
|
|
<taxonomicName id="01AA87EDCED334759A69D6FCB7D9B1C2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57BD71DE-A2BA-48EA-BB74-8E2F6278EB25" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus lima Bloch & Schneider 1801:384" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">Silurus lima Bloch and Schneider 1801</taxonomicName>
|
|
as the type species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1EDF28E6650BE9E18C1977E02AC0B315" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1B16E22-5503-46E3-8E9E-EF7935778506" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim Cuvier 1829:293" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorubim</taxonomicName>
|
|
, subsequently fixing “Maranham Brasiliae,” as the type locality. Weyenbergh (1877) described
|
|
<taxonomicName id="626D7D9CAF7AA8DB19CCBAE6852991EF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D232C5A4-54E2-4E79-94A0-15C01FEEA405" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Platystoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Platystoma luceri Weyenbergh 1877:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luceri">Platystoma luceri</taxonomicName>
|
|
from a single specimen taken from the waters of Sante Fe, Argentina (
|
|
<normalizedToken id="B18B3D75F03CAEB5292ED58EB8AFE12C" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
<normalizedToken id="16EE46557C7BCCFBA01EBCDCBE12A349" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
|
|
drainage). The illustration of this type is an accurate depiction of the genus, however it only serves as a representative and could not be identified further. The description also does not differ substantially from Bloch and Schneider's (1801) original description of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CE9C835BD4D44B4F9DF57719F8ABFDF3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57BD71DE-A2BA-48EA-BB74-8E2F6278EB25" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus lima Bloch & Schneider 1801:384" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">Silurus lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Eschmeyer (1998) reported the possibility that syntypes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21EC40F0DD2B37D6D783B176B3E81A96" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luceri">S. luceri</taxonomicName>
|
|
belonging to the Weyenbergh collection were originally housed in Santa Fe, Argentina, and were subsequently transferred to MSNG, Genova, Italy. I was unable to locate these specimens or find any other information confirming this. After a careful inspection of Weyenbergh's description (1877), Eigenmann and Eigenmann (1890), Gosline (1945), and Fowler (1951),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="88BFEB34F8F7F33E2ABF367B1FA9A115" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luceri">S. luceri</taxonomicName>
|
|
is treated herein as a junior subjective synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C4E673B511050557BF29224B709C7982" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57BD71DE-A2BA-48EA-BB74-8E2F6278EB25" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus lima Bloch & Schneider 1801:384" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Whitehead and Myers (1971) also judged
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ECC4DB7DC7A6873B47E7F1BE098DC1FD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FC5E6314-9C1D-44D1-BC9E-DC5366AEA176" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim infraoculare Spix 1829:24" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infraoculare">S. infraoculare</taxonomicName>
|
|
to be a junior subjective synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9A209E78605AB0143C8FC94CD2A32598" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57BD71DE-A2BA-48EA-BB74-8E2F6278EB25" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus lima Bloch & Schneider 1801:384" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B22AFD281FEB51671DA490CF23990155" pageNumber="12">
|
|
The name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7BB461B129F9500519D0C11BE5E3043A" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
has long been confused with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F8A45D3921016680A8C90060D3D13778" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2A5765C-1874-47F8-8E96-370ED77701AC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:14" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">S. latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro 1920</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Miranda-Ribeiro (1920) described
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B794FA980DD4BE3EF0EFEA6BF99A9BA0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2A5765C-1874-47F8-8E96-370ED77701AC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:14" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">S. latirostris</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="92A8636153812C1E0C9AA1B9DD68C7F5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A87E9236-71E1-4887-B166-A0CDAC6A56F3" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim trigonocephalus Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:12" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonocephalus">S. trigonocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
|
from single specimens from the Brazilian Amazon and the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="109A143DB4B31DAB841F0655F34C38CD" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
|
Madeira drainage, respectively. His paper included the first published key to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5CF61D99AF8983EC918BAF99422C3A03" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1B16E22-5503-46E3-8E9E-EF7935778506" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim Cuvier 1829:293" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorubim</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Gosline (1945) recognized three nominal species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0C902DA6B4D748C4030D05B35EA79A89" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1B16E22-5503-46E3-8E9E-EF7935778506" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim Cuvier 1829:293" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorubim</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="232560B6FFE61BE4D115180E20EA95FE" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0F3A14E213A4A451BD2A0D7DBA76A162" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A87E9236-71E1-4887-B166-A0CDAC6A56F3" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim trigonocephalus Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:12" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonocephalus">S. trigonocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="91273E0A224363858E754B4D10E007DD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2A5765C-1874-47F8-8E96-370ED77701AC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:14" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">S. latirostris</taxonomicName>
|
|
, listing
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C25EF729E452D71AC0F7B01D8282849B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FC5E6314-9C1D-44D1-BC9E-DC5366AEA176" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim infraoculare Spix 1829:24" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infraoculare">S. infraoculare</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B1DB4DFBA44BA610BC7F7F8F7A1F46B3" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luceri">S. luceri</taxonomicName>
|
|
as junior synonyms of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4AD385F6838FE6A6E84CDBCF767F0C2F" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but provided no justification for this action. Fowler (1951) recognized
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7A914F9B3DDAC9C33064E9E96AFB4121" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CA87B11BF02D38F7D1A4FDF89DFB4FC9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2A5765C-1874-47F8-8E96-370ED77701AC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:14" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">S. latirostris</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3959D47A8243410817C6C266A708ED6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A87E9236-71E1-4887-B166-A0CDAC6A56F3" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim trigonocephalus Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:12" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonocephalus">S. trigonocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
|
as valid and listed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AF8775E2C0CAFB3F4667DB80893E7AB9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F95DFC3F-DCE4-4886-87D5-E6EE31AFB9F1" family="Siluridae" genus="Silurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silurus gerupensis Natterer 1858:399 [29]" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gerupensis">S. gerupensis Natterer in Kner</taxonomicName>
|
|
(1858) to be a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0DBDF63C51DC52D7961037A2C7932706" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Nass 1988).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="50104324367D6D9C8E329E2F4F3F14F4" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Littmann et al. (2000) concluded that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F4EC1D3370654AA45D25E525E5F4DBE6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2A5765C-1874-47F8-8E96-370ED77701AC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:14" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">S. latirostris</taxonomicName>
|
|
was a junior synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="53947262EC7E93D32F249701C885510E" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
for several reasons. Color transparencies of the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FA3CBFCEDF849E4354581B9070D1B23" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 5) show a stout-shaped
|
|
<taxonomicName id="68C255E0A4D0CB0B9B2535868716DF2D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1B16E22-5503-46E3-8E9E-EF7935778506" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim Cuvier 1829:293" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sorubim</taxonomicName>
|
|
with inner mental barbels inserted anterior to the gular apex at the isthmus. In addition, measurements made on the head of the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3B887C17B4CB0124804A108810AB735F" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
fall within the ranges given in the description of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C8975BC0B1E9C4824A34B4390B61C50C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2A5765C-1874-47F8-8E96-370ED77701AC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:14" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">S. latirostris</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Miranda-Ribeiro (1920) examined little material (only two specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D6ED844ED742C045E42801B5D0575EAA" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and diagnosed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0662C61A7D62654DC1ABF9DAB625BAEF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2A5765C-1874-47F8-8E96-370ED77701AC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:14" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">S. latirostris</taxonomicName>
|
|
from only a few unreliable characters (i.e., ratios of head and body measurements). Proportional measurements made on the head are extremely variable. Furthermore, he did not provide any diagnostic characters to distinguish it from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E7600B4E1512B8BCB8B41E353BC1D1FB" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
. There is insufficient evidence to support recognizing
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ACCF7819AB9A0B0F088F2FCAF75C8D9E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2A5765C-1874-47F8-8E96-370ED77701AC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim latirostris Miranda-Ribeiro 1920:14" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">S. latirostris</taxonomicName>
|
|
as distinct from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D314F443D71E4C8227468AA2E2B11AB" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="27F458125C66B5B208D68D613A290562" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="03FCC275EE3B13AE5A62733A22CF4AF0" lastPageNumber="14" pageNumber="13">
|
|
Similar species: Although superficially similar to all congeners, the head shape of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7C58C69D08B596225DB4D84E0DBAD1FC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">Sorubim lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
is most similar in physical appearance to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="70367CD5301F9AF2A2BCAA706C4D7254" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3551D3F9-5069-42B9-AED3-3EA5E8B8A80D" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim cuspicaudus Littmann, Burr & Nass 2000:903" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuspicaudus">S. cuspicaudus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4AFEAAB47D40820B0EE119EB0B3CFB9F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3551D3F9-5069-42B9-AED3-3EA5E8B8A80D" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim cuspicaudus Littmann, Burr & Nass 2000:903" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuspicaudus">S. cuspicaudus</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the following ways (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B9B282A76FC92C9068CB150F6915E732" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3551D3F9-5069-42B9-AED3-3EA5E8B8A80D" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim cuspicaudus Littmann, Burr & Nass 2000:903" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuspicaudus">S. cuspicaudus</taxonomicName>
|
|
in parentheses): lower lobe of caudal fin rounded (pointed and straight); body short and stout (elongated), no posterior fontanelle groove on the supraoccipital bone (groove present) (Fig. 5B vs. Fig. 8B). Results of a sheared PCA showed that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A26F92C97230CC8BB8E9099AF8BB58EC" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lima">S. lima</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a slightly shorter head and much stouter body (Littmann et al. 2000) compared to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="533160145409523B13AB08EE34CF5C2F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3551D3F9-5069-42B9-AED3-3EA5E8B8A80D" family="Pimelodidae" genus="Sorubim" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sorubim cuspicaudus Littmann, Burr & Nass 2000:903" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuspicaudus">S. cuspicaudus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The two species are allopatric.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |