123 lines
10 KiB
XML
123 lines
10 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1809" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c78f07a8-c6ec-4490-a8a4-d17697b29e6b" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-148-293" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-148-293" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 148" ModsDocTitle="Brachyceran Diptera (Insecta) in Cretaceous ambers, Part IV, Significant New Orthorrhaphous Taxa" checkinTime="1451249597577" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Grimaldi, David A., Arillo, Antonio, Cumming, Jeffrey M. & Hauser, Martin" docDate="2011" docId="D6B59B9B04177E5ACF341A888968B764" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 148: 293-332" docOrigin="ZooKeys 148" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1809" docTitle="Cretoxyla Grimaldi & Cumming, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="296" masterDocId="FF87FFED073F016AFFA1FF97FFD3590E" masterDocTitle="Brachyceran Diptera (Insecta) in Cretaceous ambers, Part IV, Significant New Orthorrhaphous Taxa" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="293" pageNumber="295" updateTime="1643720183467" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Brachyceran Diptera (Insecta) in Cretaceous ambers, Part IV, Significant New Orthorrhaphous Taxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Arillo, Antonio</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Cumming, Jeffrey M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Hauser, Martin</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>148</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>293</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>332</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1809</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.148.1809</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-148-293</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032183" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EB99B611-9DD4-4B20-A808-02847EC2188D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6B59B9B04177E5ACF341A888968B764" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="295" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EB99B611-9DD4-4B20-A808-02847EC2188D" authority="Grimaldi & Cumming" class="Insecta" family="Xylomyidae" genus="Cretoxyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoxyla" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretoxyla Grimaldi & Cumming</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="295">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="2" pageNumber="295" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="295">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="2" pageNumber="295">
|
|
Antenna thick, greatest width (in middle) 0.25x total length, with apparently 7 flagellomeres; protibia without apical spur; most distinctive features are in venation, which distinguishes this genus from other Mesozoic xylomyids by: vein M
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="296" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
|
separating cells br and bm) weak; cell m3 very small, width and length approximately half that of cell d (these are of equivalent size in other xylomyids, or m3 is slightly smaller), and, very distinctively, vein R2+3 is uniquely lost.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="type species">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Type species.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xylomyidae" genus="Cretoxyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoxyla azari" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species">Cretoxyla azari</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n., by present designation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="296">From Cretaceous, and Xylomyiidae.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
|
|
The closed wing cell m3 is a feature also seen in some
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Xylophagidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" rank="family">Xylophagidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xylomyidae" genus="Cretoxyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoxyla" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretoxyla</taxonomicName>
|
|
, however, apomorphically has no protibial spur (as in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Stratiomyomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stratiomyomorpha" order="Saxifragales" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stratiomyomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and plesiomorphically does not have a reduced alula (a greatly reduced alula occurs in the
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Xylophagidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" rank="family">Xylophagidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
). The extent of vein C, particularly whether it extends only to the apex of M1 or M2 (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Woodley, NE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="34" pageNumber="327" pagination="377 - 387" title="Parhadrestiinae, a new subfamily for Parhadrestia James and Cretaceogaster Teskey (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00189.x" volume="11" year="1986">Woodley 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 1377), unfortunately cannot be checked since the apical quarter of the wing is lost. Vein C is definitely not circumambient. Other features that are important for xylomyid relationships that cannot be observed in the incomplete fossil are the number of palpal segments (1 vs. 2), presence of denticles on the ventral surface of the hind femur (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xylomyidae" genus="Solva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Solva" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Solva</taxonomicName>
|
|
Walker), and various male and female genitalic structures.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="3" pageNumber="296">
|
|
The oldest fossil record of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Xylomyiidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" rank="family">Xylomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
is?Xylomyia [sic] shcherbakovi Mostovski from the Upper Jurassic (Karabastau Formation) of Kazakhastan (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Mostovski, MB" journalOrPublisher="Paleontological Journal" pageId="33" pageNumber="326" pagination="406 - 408" title="On an interesting find of a brachycerous fly (Diptera, Brachycera) in the Jurassic of Kazakhstan." volume="33" year="1999">Mostovski 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, JF" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Sinica" pageId="34" pageNumber="327" pagination="662 - 672" title="Mesozoic gadflies (Insecta: Diptera)." volume="32" year="1993">Zhang and Zhang (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
indicated that
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Mesosolva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesosolva" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesosolva</taxonomicName>
|
|
Hong and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Archisargidae" genus="Prosolva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Prosolva" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Prosolva</taxonomicName>
|
|
Hong, also described as xylomyids from the Upper Jurassic of China, belong in another lower brachyceran family. Undescribed Cretaceous xylomyids are from the Upper Cretaceous amber of Siberia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="296">Zherikhin and Sukacheva 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and an incomplete specimen of an undescribed species in Spanish amber (vide infra), so
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xylomyidae" genus="Cretoxyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cretoxyla" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cretoxyla</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the oldest Cretaceous
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="297" start="start">xylomyid</pageBreakToken>
|
|
(Early Cretaceous, Neocomian). Tertiary fossil xylomyids are
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xylomyidae" genus="Solva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Solva inornata" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species">Solva inornata</taxonomicName>
|
|
Melander, 1949 and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xylomyidae" genus="Xylomya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylomya moratula" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species">Xylomya moratula</taxonomicName>
|
|
Cockerell, 1914 in late Eocene shale from Florissant, Colorado; and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xylomyidae" genus="Solva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Solva nana" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species">Solva nana</taxonomicName>
|
|
Loew, 1850 in mid-Eocene Baltic amber.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |