246 lines
20 KiB
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246 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.11369" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7925a98-7b12-4eb7-9952-d5a9017116a2" ID-PMC="PMC5523387" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-667-67" ID-PubMed="28769636" ID-ZBK="569BC83BD81E428E8AD9D5A664EC5F49" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-667-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 667" ModsDocTitle="Two new Brazilian species of Loxosceles Heinecken & Lowe, 1832 with remarks on amazonica and rufescens groups (Araneae, Sicariidae)" checkinTime="1491908618191" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri, Andrade, Rute Maria Goncalves de & Bertani, Rogerio" docDate="2017" docId="D1E0AAD648AF58A4E0D115BDE8B5C58E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 667: 67-94" docOrigin="ZooKeys 667" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.11369" docTitle="Loxosceles willianilsoni Fukushima, Andrade & Bertani, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="DE5FF5FD-1637-461A-ACBD-93A670CC6E1F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="FFCB9F019817FF84FFA3FFA02562E84B" masterDocTitle="Two new Brazilian species of Loxosceles Heinecken & Lowe, 1832 with remarks on amazonica and rufescens groups (Araneae, Sicariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1668164387427" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new Brazilian species of Loxosceles Heinecken & Lowe, 1832 with remarks on amazonica and rufescens groups (Araneae, Sicariidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Andrade, Rute Maria Goncalves de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bertani, Rogerio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>667</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:end>94</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.11369</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.667.11369</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-667-67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">569BC83BD81E428E8AD9D5A664EC5F49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">569BC83BD81E428E8AD9D5A664EC5F49</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="128345050" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DE5FF5FD-1637-461A-ACBD-93A670CC6E1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D1E0AAD648AF58A4E0D115BDE8B5C58E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="9" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/DE5FF5FD-1637-461A-ACBD-93A670CC6E1F" class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles willianilsoni" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">Loxosceles willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 52-55, 56-57, 58-61, 62-65, 66-69, 78-79
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="77" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
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examined
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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(Table 3). Male holotype (MNRJ 6953) and female paratype (MNRJ 6954), BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Norte, Martins, Casa de Pedra cave (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.0833335">06°05'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-37.916668">37°55'W</geoCoordinate>
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), C. S. Fukushima col., 2014.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Other material examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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(Table 3). Casa de Pedra cave (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.0833335">06°05'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-37.916668">37°55'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 319 m a.s.l., 1 female, A. P. L. Giupponi col., 2014, ref. A100 (MNRJ 6955); 1 female, N. M.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalves">Goncalves</normalizedToken>
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col., 2014, ref. N60 (MNRJ 6956); 1 female, N. M.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalves">Goncalves</normalizedToken>
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col., 2014, ref. N63 (MNRJ 6957); 1 female, C. S. Fukushima col., 2014, ref. C92 (MNRJ 6958); 1 female, C. S. Fukushima col., 2014, ref. C481 (MNRJ 6959); 1 male, N. M.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonçalves">Goncalves</normalizedToken>
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col., 2014, ref. N59 (MNRJ 6960); 1 male, A. P. L Giupponi col., 2014, ref. A107 (MNRJ 6961); 1 male, C. S. Fukushima col., ref. C76 (MNRJ 6962); 1 male, K. C. T. Riciluca col., 2014, ref. K33 (MNRJ 6963); 1 male, A. P. L. Giupponi col., 2014, ref. A102 (MNRJ 6964); 1 male, C. S. Fukushima col., 2014, ref. C64 (MNRJ 6965); 1 male, C. S. Fukushima col., 2014, ref. C72 (MNRJ 6966), 1 female, C. S. Fukushima col, 2014, ref. C479 (MNRJ 6951).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="77">
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Males of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles willianilsoni" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">Loxosceles willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. resemble those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. amazonica" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amazonica">L. amazonica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rufescens" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="rufescens">L. rufescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. bentejui" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="bentejui">L. bentejui</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. foutadjalloni" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="foutadjalloni">L. foutadjalloni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. guayota" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="guayota">L. guayota</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. hupalupa" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="hupalupa">L. hupalupa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. lacta" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="lacta">L. lacta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. mahan" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="mahan">L. mahan</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tazarte" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="tazarte">L. tazarte</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tibicena" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="tibicena">L. tibicena</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. muriciensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="muriciensis">L. muriciensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by incrassated palpal tibia, longer than cymbium (Fig. 54). They differ from those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. hupalupa" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="hupalupa">L. hupalupa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. mahan" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="mahan">L. mahan</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tazarte" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="tazarte">L. tazarte</taxonomicName>
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by having shorter embolus (Fig. 54), and entire pars cephalica as well as carapace border dark brown (Fig. 52), best seen in live specimens. From those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. amazonica" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amazonica">L. amazonica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rufescens" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="rufescens">L. rufescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. bentejui" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="bentejui">L. bentejui</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. foutadjalloni" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="foutadjalloni">L. foutadjalloni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. guayota" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="guayota">L. guayota</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. lacta" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="lacta">L. lacta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tibicena" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="tibicena">L. tibicena</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. muriciensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="muriciensis">L. muriciensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. they can be distinguished by having straight embolus with a strong curvature on its apex (Fig. 53). Additionally, males of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. willianilsoni" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">L. willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. differ from those of all these species except
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. foutadjalloni" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="foutadjalloni">L. foutadjalloni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. guayota" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="guayota">L. guayota</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. muriciensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="muriciensis">L. muriciensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by having leg I at least eight times as long as carapace (Table 1). Females of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. willianilsoni" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">L. willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. resemble females of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. amazonica" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="amazonica">L. amazonica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rufescens" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="rufescens">L. rufescens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. bentejui" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="bentejui">L. bentejui</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. foutadjalloni" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="foutadjalloni">L. foutadjalloni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. hupalupa" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="hupalupa">L. hupalupa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. lacta" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="lacta">L. lacta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. mahan" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="mahan">L. mahan</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tazarte" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="tazarte">L. tazarte</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tibicena" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="tibicena">L. tibicena</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. muriciensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="muriciensis">L. muriciensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by having spermathecae with large seminal receptacles and dark sclerotized lateral bands (Fig. 57). Females of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. willianilsoni" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">L. willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be distinguished from all these species by the combination of the following characters: spermathecae with dark sclerotized lateral bands almost reaching their apex, which has no lobes and no constriction forming a neck (Figs 57-61), leg I at least 6.5 times as long as carapace (Table 2). Additionally,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. willianilsoni" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">L. willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. males and females can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. mahan" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="mahan">L. mahan</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tazarte" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="tazarte">L. tazarte</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. bentejui" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="bentejui">L. bentejui</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. guayota" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="guayota">L. guayota</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tibicena" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="tibicena">L. tibicena</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. hupalupa" pageId="10" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="hupalupa">L. hupalupa</taxonomicName>
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by lacking a conspicuous dark V-mark posteriorly on pars cephalica.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="11" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="78" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="78">Male holotype (MNRJ 6953). Total length 7.39. Carapace 3.16 long, 2.74 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.15, PME 0.21, PLE 0.18, PME-PLE 0.02, PME-ALE 0.15; clypeus 0.26. Leg formula II, I, IV, III. Legs length: leg I: femur 7.47, patella 0.98, tibia 8.37, metatarsus 8.85, tarsus 1.77, total 27.44; II: 8.29, 1.11, 9.88, 10.95, 1.85, 32.08; III: 6.40, 1.09, 6.23, 7.64, 1.30, 22.66; IV: 7.12, 1.05, 7.08, 8.38, 1.52, 26.15. Palp: femur 1.46 long, 0.31 wide; patella 0.49 long, 0.33 wide; tibia 0.88 long, 0.48 wide; cymbium 0.43 long, 0.42 wide. Labium 0.71 long, 0.38 wide. Sternum 1.78 long, 1.50 wide. Femur I 2.4 times as long, tibia I 2.7 times as long and leg I 8.7 as long as carapace. Palpal femur four times longer than wide, tibia 1.8 times longer than wide, cymbium oval (Fig. 54). Bulb suboval and approximately same size as cymbium. Embolus straight, with a strong curvature on apex, approximately 1.3 times longer than bulb length in retrolateral view, without carina (Fig. 53). Cephalic region of carapace covered by many long setae (Fig. 52). Entire pars cephalica as well as carapace border dark brown (Fig. 52). Legs and palps light brown, covered by short greyish setae on the femora and patellae (Fig. 64). Endites, coxae and sternum light brown. Labium dark brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="11" pageNumber="78">
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Female paratype (MNRJ 6954): As in male, except: Total length 8.72. Carapace 2.99 long, 2.39 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.14, PME 0.17, PLE 0.16,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="79" start="start">PME-PLE</pageBreakToken>
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0.02, PME-ALE 0.19; clypeus 0.35. Leg formula II, I, IV, III. Legs length: leg I: femur 5.25, patella 1.17, tibia 5.93, metatarsus 5.88, tarsus 1.24, total 19.47; II: 5.96, 1.14, 6.40, 6.32, 1.50, 21.32; III: 4.76, 1.00, 4.22, 4.80, 1.19, 15.97; IV: 5.32, 1.15, 4.89, 5.96, 1.40, 18.72. Palp: femur 0.98 long, 0.21 wide; patella 0.28 long, 0.25 wide; tibia 0.70 long, 0.20 wide; tarsus 1.06 long, 0.16 wide. Labium 0.53 long, 0.44 wide. Sternum 1.63 long, 1.38 wide. Femur I 1.8 times as long, tibia I 2.0 times as long and leg I 6.5 as long as carapace. Palpal femur 4.7 times longer than wide, tibia 3.5 longer than wide, tarsus not incrassate. Spermathecae with enlarged seminal receptacles; without transversal plate; and presence of dark sclerotized lateral bands almost reaching the apex (Fig. 57). Palps pale brown, except by darker tibiae and metatarsi. Endites pale brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">This species is named after the biology student Willianilson Pessoa, in honor of his friendship and support during expeditions in Rio Grande do Norte. This name is masculine in gender.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="79" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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Specimens were found inside Casa de Pedra cave walking on walls, in webs inside wall cracks or under loose stones on the cave ground. This calcarian cave is very large regarding regional patterns and has turistic use (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferreira, RL" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Espeleologia" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" pagination="25 - 51" title="Fauna Subterranea do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte: caracterizacao e impactos." volume="1" year="2010">Ferreira et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). Apparently, specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. willianilsoni" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">L. willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. are found only inside the cave.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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Figures 52-55.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles willianilsoni" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">Loxosceles willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male holotype (MNRJ 6953). 52 carapace 53-55 left palpal bulb 53 dorsal 54 prolateral 55 retrolateral. Scale bar 1mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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Figures 56-57.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles willianilsoni" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">Loxosceles willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female paratype (MNRJ 6954). 56 carapace 57 seminal receptacles. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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Figures 58-61.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles willianilsoni" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">Loxosceles willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., seminal receptacles variation. 58 MNRJ 6957 59 MNRJ 6956 60 MNRJ 6959 61 MNRJ 6951. Scale bars: 58-60 1 mm; 61 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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Figures 62-65.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles willianilsoni" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">Loxosceles willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., habitus. 62 specimen walking inside Casa de Pedra cave 63 female 64 male 65 carapace pattern, male. Photos 62, 64 C. S. Fukushima; 63, 65 R. Bertani.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="79">
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Figures 66-69.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Sicariidae" genus="Loxosceles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxosceles willianilsoni" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willianilsoni">Loxosceles willianilsoni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. habitat in Martins, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil 66 Casa de Pedra cave 67 entrance of the cave 68-69 caatinga vegetation surrounding the cave 68 dry season 69 rainy season. Photos C. S. Fukushima.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |