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<document id="DEBB8EB52BDAC67426E9A27E5155408C" ID-CLB-Dataset="302392" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.358.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fbecef5-1da9-4614-b7ef-1226be85fc61" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703084" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725580257322" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tusset, Eduardo A., Tremarin, Priscila I. &amp; Ludwig, Thelma A. V." docDate="2018" docId="D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.358.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 358 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Stauroneis karstica Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="274" masterDocId="2D6CB660D454FF80FFC4FFDC3E1BFF8C" masterDocTitle="Two new Stauroneis species (Bacillariophyta, Stauroneidaceae) from midwestern karstic Brazilian formations" masterLastPageNumber="277" masterPageNumber="265" pageNumber="272" updateTime="1725591963460" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="1D7F5290F6A74E003BA3DCD5B4E3B897">Two new Stauroneis species (Bacillariophyta, Stauroneidaceae) from midwestern karstic Brazilian formations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8514DBA36DDB12A0E802505549483846">Tusset, Eduardo A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D4A9A302D1BDE8D0BE9B40DE3B20493">Tremarin, Priscila I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="246F11606DBA40BBB64CADEB206D23B9">Ludwig, Thelma A. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="69B7D02796CD4E5D14F524AC26AF7809">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703198" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">
<subSubSection id="11E62C85D453FF87FF4CFE073F6BF7AE" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="59437F0ED453FF87FF4CFE073DB6FE7A" blockId="7.[136,941,475,502]" box="[136,941,475,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">
<heading id="020BC862D453FF87FF4CFE073DB6FE7A" box="[136,941,475,502]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD453FF87FF4CFE073CD9FE7A" authority="Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig" authorityName="Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,706,475,502]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="karstica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD453FF87FF4CFE073F73FE7A" bold="true" box="[136,360,475,502]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">Stauroneis karstica</emphasis>
Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD453FF87FD0DFE013D05FE7A" box="[713,798,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="70BB1E67D453FF87FD0DFE013D05FE7A" box="[713,798,477,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="C1C7638BD453FF87FCE1FE013DBEFE7A" box="[805,933,477,502]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 23‒35" captionStart-1="FIGURES 36‒41" captionStart-2="FIGURES 42‒47" captionStartId-0="7.[136,243,1671,1692]" captionStartId-1="8.[136,243,1319,1340]" captionStartId-2="9.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox-0="[342,1245,548,1646]" captionTargetBox-1="[244,1342,176,1293]" captionTargetBox-2="[233,1354,374,1916]" captionTargetId-0="figure-155@7.[341,1245,548,1646]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@8.[244,1342,175,1293]" captionTargetId-2="figure-107@9.[233,1354,374,1916]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 23‒35. Stauroneis karstica Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig sp. nov. LM. Figs 23‒35. Valve views. Figs 28–29. Girdle views. Fig. 23. UPCB 78275 (holotype specimen). Scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 36‒41. Stauroneis karstica Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig sp. nov. Figs 36‒40. SEM. Fig. 41. TEM. Fig. 36. External view of valve. Fig. 37. External view of median region showing the proximal raphe endings and striation pattern. Fig. 38. Internal view of median region of valve showing the stauros and proximal raphe endings. Fig. 39. Tilted valve showing the distal raphe ending extending to the mantle. Fig. 40. Internal view of valve apex, note the helictoglossa and pseudosepta. Fig. 41. Detail of areolae occlusion near the apex. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 36), 2 μm (Figs 39, 40), 1 μm (Figs 37, 38), 0.5 μm (Fig. 41)." captionText-2="FIGURES 42‒47. Stauroneis karstica Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig sp. nov. SEM. Fig. 42. External view of tilted valve. Figs 43‒44. Detail of striation pattern in the median region of valve, external and internal view, respectively. Fig. 45. Girdle view. Fig. 46. Detail of girdle bands. Fig. 47. Internal view of valve. Scale bars = 5 μm (Figs 42, 45, 47), 2 μm (Figs 43, 44, 46)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703094" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703098" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703100" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13703094/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13703098/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13703100/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">Figs 23‒47</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<caption id="0D832F86D453FF87FF4CF95B3CFDF94C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703094" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703094/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" startId="7.[136,243,1671,1692]" targetBox="[342,1245,548,1646]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="59437F0ED453FF87FF4CF95B3CFDF94C" blockId="7.[136,1452,1671,1728]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD453FF87FF4CF95B3F20F910" bold="true" box="[136,315,1671,1692]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">FIGURES 23‒35.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD453FF87FE87F95B3D37F910" authority="Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig" authorityName="Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig" authorityYear="2018" box="[323,812,1671,1692]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="karstica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD453FF87FE87F95B3FE6F910" box="[323,509,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">Stauroneis karstica</emphasis>
Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD453FF87FCF6F95B3D66F910" box="[818,893,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="70BB1E67D453FF87FCF6F95B3D66F910" box="[818,893,1671,1692]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
LM. Figs 23‒35. Valve views. Figs 28–29. Girdle views. Fig. 23. UPCB 78275 (holotype specimen). Scale bar = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="59437F0ED453FF87FF4CF9353F6BF7AE" blockId="7.[136,1452,1769,2082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="272">
Frustules rectangular in girdle view, 10.0‒12.0 μm wide. Valves rhombical-lanceolate to lanceolate in smaller forms, 21.0‒56.5 μm long and 5.5‒12 μm wide (n=30), with attenuate to acutely rounded apices, not protracted. Pseudosepta reduced. Raphe sternum lanceolate to linear in smaller specimens. Raphe filiform. External and internal proximal raphe endings straight, not expanded. External distal raphe endings nearly straight, extending on mantle, and internally terminate in small helictoglossae. Stauros bow-tie-shaped. Short striae occasionally present in central area. Striae uniseriate, radiate at center, becoming slightly convergent towards apices,
<quantity id="9E04D2EBD453FF87FC32F8413A45F83A" box="[1014,1118,1949,1974]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" unit="in" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12‒14 in</quantity>
10 μm. Areolae rounded to transapically elongate, (16)
<quantity id="9E04D2EBD453FF87FE03F81E3C30F857" box="[455,555,1986,2011]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="272" unit="in" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20‒30 in</quantity>
10 μm, internally occluded by hymenes. At apices, areolae apically elongated and depressed between prominent longitudinal-oriented apical ribs. Girdle composed of 2‒3 open bands perforated by two rows of poroids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="0D832F86D45CFF88FF4CFAFB3DA6FA40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13703098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703098/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" startId="8.[136,243,1319,1340]" targetBox="[244,1342,176,1293]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="59437F0ED45CFF88FF4CFAFB3DA6FA40" blockId="8.[136,1452,1319,1484]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FF4CFAFB3F2EFAB0" bold="true" box="[136,309,1319,1340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">FIGURES 36‒41</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD45CFF88FE85FAFB3D3FFAB0" authority="Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig" authorityName="Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig" authorityYear="2018" box="[321,804,1319,1340]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="karstica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FE85FAFB3FE1FAB0" box="[321,506,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Stauroneis karstica</emphasis>
Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FCEEFAFB3D68FAB0" box="[810,883,1319,1340]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="70BB1E67D45CFF88FCEEFAFB3D68FAB0" box="[810,883,1319,1340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Figs 36‒40. SEM. Fig. 41. TEM. Fig. 36. External view of valve. Fig. 37. External view of median region showing the proximal raphe endings and striation pattern. Fig. 38. Internal view of median region of valve showing the stauros and proximal raphe endings. Fig. 39. Tilted valve showing the distal raphe ending extending to the mantle. Fig. 40. Internal view of valve apex, note the helictoglossa and pseudosepta. Fig. 41. Detail of areolae occlusion near the apex. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 36), 2 μm (Figs 39, 40), 1 μm (Figs 37, 38), 0.5 μm (Fig. 41).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="11E62C85D45CFF88FF79FA293B2EF9BE" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="59437F0ED45CFF88FF79FA293B2EF9BE" blockId="8.[136,1452,1525,2090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FF79FA293EE3F982" bold="true" box="[189,248,1525,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Type</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="21EB3F9ED45CFF88FEDEFA293F9EF982" box="[282,389,1525,1550]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FE55FA293C66F982" box="[401,637,1525,1550]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
: Bodoquena, da Lontra pool, epiphyton,
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,
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,
<date id="2D4259CED45CFF88FF4CF9C53F59F9BE" box="[136,322,1561,1586]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" value="2013-09">September 2013</date>
,
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FE89F9C53CFDF9BE" box="[333,742,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">P.I. Tremarin &amp; K.P. Cavalcante s.n.</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="8647C1ACD45CFF88FD31F9C53D42F9BE" box="[757,857,1561,1586]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="3FEDE7CBD45CFF88FCA4F9C53DB4F9BE" box="[864,943,1561,1586]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78275—here depicted in
<figureCitation id="C1C7638BD45CFF88FB11F9C53B33F9BE" box="[1237,1320,1561,1586]" captionStart="FIGURES 23‒35" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1671,1692]" captionTargetBox="[342,1245,548,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-155@7.[341,1245,548,1646]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 23‒35. Stauroneis karstica Tusset, Tremarin &amp; T. Ludwig sp. nov. LM. Figs 23‒35. Valve views. Figs 28–29. Girdle views. Fig. 23. UPCB 78275 (holotype specimen). Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13703094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13703094/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11E62C85D45CFF89FF79F9E13C4CFEE1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="59437F0ED45CFF88FF79F9E13ED7F9F6" blockId="8.[136,1452,1525,2090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FF79F9E13F25F9DA" bold="true" box="[189,318,1597,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Etymology</emphasis>
: the species was named in homage to the environment in which the species was found, in the Brazilian Karst.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59437F0ED45CFF88FF79F9593CF6F8FA" blockId="8.[136,1452,1525,2090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FF79F9593A7AF912" box="[189,1121,1669,1694]" collectionCode="UPCB" collectorName="Bonito" country="Brazil" location="Formoso River" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FF79F9593F2EF912" bold="true" box="[189,309,1669,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">
<typeStatus id="8647C1ACD45CFF88FF79F9593F2EF912" box="[189,309,1669,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FEFFF9593F4CF912" box="[315,343,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">—</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="21EB3F9ED45CFF88FE93F9593FDBF912" box="[343,448,1669,1694]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FE0EF9593CB7F912" box="[458,684,1669,1694]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="F4091AD8D45CFF88FD73F9593D1DF912" box="[695,774,1669,1694]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Bonito</collectorName>
,
<location id="5C2329D5D45CFF88FCD4F9593DA3F912" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1:5C2329D5D45CFF88FCD4F9593DA3F912" box="[784,952,1669,1694]" country="Brazil" name="Formoso River" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Formoso River</location>
<collectionCode id="3FEDE7CBD45CFF88FC7AF9593A16F912" box="[958,1037,1669,1694]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 76099
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FBAFF9593FD1F94E" collectionCode="UPCB" country="Brazil" location="Sucuri River" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FBAFF9593B55F912" box="[1131,1358,1669,1694]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
: Bonito,
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,
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! 76100
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FE12F9753AA8F94E" box="[470,1203,1705,1730]" collectionCode="UPCB" collectorName="Chapeninha" country="Brazil" location="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FE12F9753CA4F94E" box="[470,703,1705,1730]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
: Bonito,
<collectorName id="F4091AD8D45CFF88FCE2F9753DB7F94E" box="[806,940,1705,1730]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Chapeninha</collectorName>
stream,
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! 78227
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FB7BF9753C2EF96A" collectionCode="UPCB" country="Brazil" location="Perdido River" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FB7BF9753BBCF94E" box="[1215,1447,1705,1730]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
: Bonito,
<location id="5C2329D5D45CFF88FF20F9113F9FF96A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1:5C2329D5D45CFF88FF20F9113F9FF96A" box="[228,388,1741,1766]" country="Brazil" name="Perdido River" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Perdido River</location>
,
<collectionCode id="3FEDE7CBD45CFF88FE55F9113FFBF96A" box="[401,480,1741,1766]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78231
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FD87F9113AFCF96A" box="[579,1255,1741,1766]" collectionCode="UPCB" collectorName="Olho d' Agua" country="Brazil" location="Jardim" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FD87F9113D36F96A" box="[579,813,1741,1766]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="5C2329D5D45CFF88FCFEF9113D92F96A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1:5C2329D5D45CFF88FCFEF9113D92F96A" box="[826,905,1741,1766]" country="Brazil" name="Jardim" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Jardim</location>
,
<collectorName id="F4091AD8D45CFF88FC52F9113A2FF96A" box="[918,1076,1741,1766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Olho d’ Água</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="3FEDE7CBD45CFF88FB85F9113A8BF96A" box="[1089,1168,1741,1766]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78233
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FB37F9113D18F886" collectionCode="UPCB" country="Brazil" location="Boca da Onca" municipality="Bodoquena" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FB37F9113EAAF886" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="B927E574D45CFF88FF78F92D3F25F886" box="[188,318,1777,1802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Bodoquena</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="5C2329D5D45CFF88FE8EF92D3FFCF886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1:5C2329D5D45CFF88FE8EF92D3FFCF886" box="[330,487,1777,1802]" country="Brazil" municipality="Bodoquena" name="Boca da Onca" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Boca da Onça</location>
waterfall,
<collectionCode id="3FEDE7CBD45CFF88FD9BF92D3CB5F886" box="[607,686,1777,1802]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78240
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FCC9F92D3BBCF886" box="[781,1447,1777,1802]" collectionCode="UPCB" collectorName="da Prata River" country="Brazil" location="Jardim" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FCC9F92D3DE9F886" box="[781,1010,1777,1802]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="5C2329D5D45CFF88FC39F92D3A57F886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1:5C2329D5D45CFF88FC39F92D3A57F886" box="[1021,1100,1777,1802]" country="Brazil" name="Jardim" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Jardim</location>
,
<collectorName id="F4091AD8D45CFF88FB93F92D3AE2F886" box="[1111,1273,1777,1802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">da Prata River</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="3FEDE7CBD45CFF88FAC0F92D3B48F886" box="[1284,1363,1777,1802]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78245
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FF4CF8C93DDCF8A2" box="[136,967,1813,1838]" collectionCode="UPCB" country="Brazil" location="Chapena River" municipality="Bonito" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FF4CF8C93F68F8A2" box="[136,371,1813,1838]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="B927E574D45CFF88FE44F8C93FD4F8A2" box="[384,463,1813,1838]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Bonito</collectingMunicipality>
, waterfall in
<location id="5C2329D5D45CFF88FDADF8C93D0FF8A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1:5C2329D5D45CFF88FDADF8C93D0FF8A2" box="[617,788,1813,1838]" country="Brazil" municipality="Bonito" name="Chapena River" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Chapena River</location>
,
<collectionCode id="3FEDE7CBD45CFF88FCE5F8C93D6BF8A2" box="[801,880,1813,1838]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78248
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FC10F8C93C15F8DE" collectionCode="UPCB" collectorName="Sitio Ybira Pe" country="Brazil" location="Bonito" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FC10F8C93AA4F8A2" box="[980,1215,1813,1838]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="5C2329D5D45CFF88FB08F8C93B00F8A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1:5C2329D5D45CFF88FB08F8C93B00F8A2" box="[1228,1307,1813,1838]" country="Brazil" name="Bonito" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Bonito</location>
, waterfall in
<collectorName id="F4091AD8D45CFF88FF4CF8E53F3FF8DE" box="[136,292,1849,1874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Sitio Ybirá Pe</collectorName>
farm,
<collectionCode id="3FEDE7CBD45CFF88FEAFF8E53FA1F8DE" box="[363,442,1849,1874]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78254
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FDD3F8E53B7DF8DE" box="[535,1382,1849,1874]" collectionCode="UPCB" collectorName="Sitio Ybira Pe" country="Brazil" location="Bonito" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FDD3F8E53CE2F8DE" box="[535,761,1849,1874]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="5C2329D5D45CFF88FCC7F8E53D49F8DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1:5C2329D5D45CFF88FCC7F8E53D49F8DE" box="[771,850,1849,1874]" country="Brazil" name="Bonito" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Bonito</location>
, waterfall in
<collectorName id="F4091AD8D45CFF88FC25F8E53A67F8DE" box="[993,1148,1849,1874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Sitio Ybirá Pe</collectorName>
farm,
<collectionCode id="3FEDE7CBD45CFF88FB00F8E53B08F8DE" box="[1220,1299,1849,1874]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78255
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="E9947553D45CFF88FAB4F8E53CF2F8FA" collectionCode="UPCB" country="Brazil" location="Formoso River" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="9B38B1ECD45CFF88FAB4F8E53F31F8FA" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
: Bonito,
<location id="5C2329D5D45CFF88FE54F8813C21F8FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D155CE18D453FF89FF4CFE073C4CFEE1:5C2329D5D45CFF88FE54F8813C21F8FA" box="[400,570,1885,1910]" country="Brazil" name="Formoso River" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Formoso River</location>
,
<collectionCode id="3FEDE7CBD45CFF88FD81F8813C8FF8FA" box="[581,660,1885,1910]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15175" name="Universidade Federal do Paraná" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" type="Herbarium">UPCB</collectionCode>
! 78256
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59437F0ED45CFF88FF79F85D3DE5F7A6" blockId="8.[136,1452,1525,2090]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD45CFF88FF79F85D3F85F816" box="[189,414,1921,1946]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="karstica">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FF79F85D3F85F816" box="[189,414,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Stauroneis karstica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very distinct from any other
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD45CFF88FCFDF85D3A03F816" box="[825,1048,1921,1946]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FCFDF85D3DABF816" box="[825,944,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Stauroneis</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
The rhombical-lanceolate valves, longitudinal-oriented ribs near the apices, bow-tie shaped stauros, rounded to transapically elongate areolae, reduced pseudosepta, and unexpanded central pores distinguish the species. The valve outline and stauros shape resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD45CFF88FF62F8313C54F78A" authority="W. Smith (1853: 59)" authorityName="W. Smith" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1853" box="[166,591,2029,2054]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FF62F8313F7AF78A" box="[166,353,2029,2054]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Stauroneis acuta</emphasis>
W.
<bibRefCitation id="3D6D02FFD45CFF88FE49F8313C54F78A" author="Smith, W." box="[397,591,2029,2054]" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" refId="ref7260" refString="Smith, W. (1853) A synopsis of the British Diatomaceae, with remarks on their structure, function and distribution, and instructions for collecting and preserving specimens 1. John van Voorst, London, 89 pp." type="book" year="1853">Smith (1853: 59)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD45CFF88FD08F8313D3DF78A" authorityName="W. Smith" authorityYear="1853" box="[716,806,2029,2054]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="8" pageNumber="273" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45CFF88FD08F8313D3DF78A" box="[716,806,2029,2054]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="273">S. acuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has broadly rounded (not attenuated) apices, lateral raphe with inflated central pores, prominent pseudosepta, and larger valves (
<tableCitation id="147E4AB5D45CFF88FC5DF7CD3DEBF7A6" box="[921,1008,2065,2090]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="10.[136,224,161,184]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometric data of Stauroneis karstica sp. nov. and similar species." pageId="8" pageNumber="273">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59437F0ED45DFF89FF79FF7C3DC6FEA9" blockId="9.[136,1452,160,365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="274">
The areolae crossed by longitudinal-oriented ribs are also recorded with
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD45DFF89FBC9FF7C3B9CFF35" authority="Lewis (1865: 13 - 14)" authorityName="Lewis" authorityPageNumber="13 - 14" authorityYear="1865" box="[1037,1415,160,185]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="274" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="stodderi">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45DFF89FBC9FF7C3A93FF35" box="[1037,1160,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="274">S. stodderi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3D6D02FFD45DFF89FB57FF7C3B9CFF35" author="Lewis, P. W." box="[1171,1415,160,185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="274" pagination="7 - 18" refId="ref6453" refString="Lewis, P. W. (1865) On extreme and exceptionals variations of diatoms, in some White Mountain localities, &amp; c. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1865: 7 - 18." type="book chapter" year="1865">Lewis (1865: 13‒14)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD45DFF89FA52FF7C3C24FF51" authority="Reimer (1961: 206 - 207)" authorityName="Reimer" authorityPageNumber="206 - 207" authorityYear="1961" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="274" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="staurolineata">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45DFF89FA52FF7C3F07FF51" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="274">S. staurolineata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3D6D02FFD45DFF89FEE1FF183C24FF51" author="Reimer, C. W." box="[293,575,196,221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="274" pagination="187 - 214" refId="ref6866" refString="Reimer, C. W. (1961) New and variable taxa of the diatom genera Anomoeoneis Pfitz. and Stauroneis Ehr. (Bacillariophyta) from the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 113: 187 - 214." type="journal article" year="1961">Reimer (1961: 206‒207)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD45DFF89FDB9FF183A7FFF51" authority="Lange-Bertalot et al. (2003: 126)" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityPageNumber="126" authorityYear="2003" box="[637,1124,196,221]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="274" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="amica">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45DFF89FDB9FF183CC4FF51" box="[637,735,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="274">S. amica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="3D6D02FFD45DFF89FD2CFF183A7FFF51" author="Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Cavacini, P. &amp; Tagliaventi, N. &amp; Alfinito, S." box="[744,1124,196,221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 438" refId="ref6406" refString="Lange-Bertalot, H., Cavacini, P., Tagliaventi, N. &amp; Alfinito, S. (2003) Diatom of Sardinia. Rare and 76 new species in rock pools and other ephemeral waters. Iconographia Diatomologica 12: 1 - 438." type="journal article" year="2003">
Lange-Bertalot
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45DFF89FC5EFF183DC8FF51" box="[922,979,196,221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
(2003: 126)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However the ribs extend all the way through the valve surface, sometimes crossing the fascia, rather than located only in the apical region. The ultrastructural details of
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD45DFF89FE5FFED03C08FEA9" authorityName="Lewis" authorityYear="1865" box="[411,531,268,293]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="274" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="stodderi">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45DFF89FE5FFED03C08FEA9" box="[411,531,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="274">S. stodderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were documented by
<bibRefCitation id="3D6D02FFD45DFF89FCCEFED03DC3FEA9" author="Siver, P. A. &amp; Hamilton, P. B. &amp; Stachura-Suchoples, K. &amp; Kociolek, J. P." box="[778,984,268,293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 463" refId="ref7204" refString="Siver, P. A., Hamilton, P. B., Stachura-Suchoples, K. &amp; Kociolek, J. P. (2005) Diatoms of North America. The freshwater flora of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U. S. A. Iconographia Diatomologica 14: 1 - 463." type="journal article" year="2005">
Siver
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45DFF89FC88FED03D9FFEA9" box="[844,900,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59437F0ED45DFF89FF79FEEC3C4CFEE1" blockId="9.[136,1452,160,365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="274">
<taxonomicName id="9EFC048DD45DFF89FF79FEEC3F83FEC5" box="[189,408,304,329]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Stauroneis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="9" pageNumber="274" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="karstica">
<emphasis id="6B88A31CD45DFF89FF79FEEC3F83FEC5" box="[189,408,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="274">Stauroneis karstica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found in lotic environments with neutral to slightly alkaline waters (pH 7.2‒8.0) and moderate conductivity (323‒476 μS/cm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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