271 lines
59 KiB
XML
271 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="33A331A29F1D951DC98E415229E47591" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.278481" ID-GBIF-Dataset="944bb045-6725-440a-9b31-17f0d675e88f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="278481" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460346513899" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mason, Franco & Rozkošný, Rudolf" docDate="2011" docId="D10887FCDF39FFA78BA5FC5EBB80F368" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03007p049.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3007" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ptilocera Wiedemann 1820" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="2D31FF84DF3BFFA38B32FFD2BA76F17F" masterDocTitle="A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698262369664" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A69DEE1EB5FD434C5F2C60A9A287B578">A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D5C31C05A7DDE44272C05F3BA143C59">Mason, Franco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94609A58C3B889F87B039667792BF7DD">Rozkošný, Rudolf</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8C71E83F3C94BA26BCE57ACDF79C76D0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="11DF37A6E4642B49F34CB04805C7EE89">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="D10887FCDF39FFA78BA5FC5EBB80F368" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189540" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119407403" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189540" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D10887FCDF39FFA78BA5FC5EBB80F368" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D10887FCDF39FFA78BA5FC5EBB80F368" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="11BB6561DF39FFA18BA5FC5EBB9DF2DA" box="[151,491,907,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="591E36EADF39FFA18BA5FC5EBB9DF2DA" blockId="2.[151,491,907,934]" box="[151,491,907,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="02568186DF39FFA18BA5FC5EBB9DF2DA" bold="true" box="[151,491,907,934]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18BA5FC5EBB9DF2DA" ID-CoL="74ZT" ID-ENA="2173564" authority="Wiedemann, 1820" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityYear="1820" box="[151,491,907,934]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Ptilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18BA5FC5EBB9DF2DA" bold="true" box="[151,491,907,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18BA5FC5EBB72F2D9" bold="true" box="[151,260,908,934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ptilocera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3D304B1BDF39FFA18A39FC59BB9DF2DA" author="Wiedemann" box="[267,491,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1820) Munus rectoris in Academia Chrisiano-Albertina iterum aditurus nova dipterorum genera offert iconibusque illustrat. Christiana Friderici Mohr, Kiliae, i - viii + 1 - 23." type="book chapter" year="1820">Wiedemann, 1820</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="11BB6561DF39FFA18BA5FC03BBB8F298" box="[151,462,977,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="591E36EADF39FFA18BA5FC03BBB8F298" blockId="2.[151,462,977,999]" box="[151,462,977,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="79B111C4DF39FFA18BA5FC03BBB8F298" box="[151,462,977,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18BA5FC03BBB8F298" ID-CoL="74ZT" authority="Wiedemann, 1820: 7" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1820" box="[151,462,977,999]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Ptilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18BA5FC03BA83F298" box="[151,245,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ptilocera</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="D80010FBDF39FFA18BC9FC03BBB8F298" author="Wiedemann" box="[251,462,977,999]" page="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1820">
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<bibRefCitation id="3D304B1BDF39FFA18BC9FC03BBC1F298" author="Wiedemann" box="[251,439,977,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1820) Munus rectoris in Academia Chrisiano-Albertina iterum aditurus nova dipterorum genera offert iconibusque illustrat. Christiana Friderici Mohr, Kiliae, i - viii + 1 - 23." type="book chapter" year="1820">Wiedemann, 1820</bibRefCitation>
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: 7
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="11BB6561DF39FFA18BA5FBC7B91FF552" box="[151,873,1044,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="591E36EADF39FFA18BA5FBC7B91FF552" blockId="2.[151,873,1044,1069]" box="[151,873,1044,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<typeStatus id="861A8848DF39FFA18BA5FBC7BAB9F552" box="[151,207,1045,1069]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18A07FBC7B8B5F553" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[309,707,1044,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Stratiomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridentata">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18A07FBC7B824F553" box="[309,594,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Stratiomys quadridentata</emphasis>
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Fabricius
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="11BB6561DF39FFA18BA5FB89B94DF77D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="591E36EADF39FFA18BA5FB89B94DF77D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1115,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18BA5FB89BB67F50B" bold="true" box="[151,273,1115,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The genus is characterized by the following set of characters: (1) flagellum consisting of 8 flagellomeres, medial 3‒4 of them provided with slender lateral projections (
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<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA188B6FBADB99EF5E8" box="[900,1000,1151,1175]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 8" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1657,1680]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1636]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 8. Ptilocera spp. 3 – 4. P. quadridentata, puparium in dorsal view (3) and in ventral view (4) (larva collected under bark of Moringa pterygosperma by J. C. H. de Meijere. Abbreviations: Apical seta (AP), anal slit (asl), dorsal seta (D), dorsocentral seta (DC), lateral seta (L), posterior spiracular open (pso), subapical seta (SAP), sternal patch (sp), ventral seta (V), ventrolateral seta (VL). The morphological terms used follow Bučánková et al. (2009). 5 – 8. P. continua, male antenna (5) and conjunction between 3 rd and 4 th flagellomeres (6), female antenna (7) and female 3 rd and 4 th flagellomeres in dorsal view showing sensory pits (8)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278484/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 5, 7</figureCitation>
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), (2) thorax with leathery, rounded and flat prealar prominence in front of wing (
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<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA18950FB76B892F5C3" box="[610,740,1188,1212]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33 – 38" captionStartId-0="27.[151,264,1672,1695]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1650]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1651]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionText-0="FIGURES 27 – 32. Ptilocera spp. 27 – 29. P. smaragdina, female. Palpus (27), part of thorax in lateral view showing bare area on anepisternum and prealar prominence in lateral view (28, arrow), prealar prominence in lateral view (29). 30 – 32. Female prealar prominence in dorsal view, P. amethystina (30), P. aureopilosa (31) and P. continua (32)." captionText-1="FIGURES 33 – 38. Ptilocera spp. 33 – 34. Female prealar prominence in dorsal view, P. kerteszi sp. nov. (33) and P. smaragdina (34). 35 – 38. Scales on presutural area of female scutum, P. amethystina (35), P. continua (36), P. kerteszi sp. nov. (37) and P. quadridentata (38)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/278488/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/278489/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 28–34</figureCitation>
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), (3) scutellum with four moderately long spines (Fig. 43), (4) vein R2+3 starting close to or at crossvein R-M (Fig. 44), (5) vein R4 present (
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<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA18F11FB15BEDCF5A0" box="[1059,1194,1223,1247]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 57 – 64" captionStart-1="FIGURES 65 – 73" captionStartId-0="32.[151,264,1771,1794]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,264,1756,1779]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1748]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1732]" captionTargetId-0="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetId-1="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1735]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionText-0="FIGURES 57 – 64. Ptilocera spp., wings: P. amethystina, male (57) and female (58), P. aureopilosa sp. nov., female holotype (59), P. b e rg i James, male (60) and female (61), P. continua, male (62) and female holotype (63). P. kerteszi sp. nov., female holotype (64)." captionText-1="FIGURES 65 – 73. Ptilocera spp., wings: P. p a r a d i s e a, male holotype (65), P. quadridentata, male (66) and female (67), P. s i m - plex sp. nov., male holotype (68) and female (69), P. smaragdina, male (70) and female (71), P. violacea, male (72) and female (73)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/278492/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/278493/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 57–73</figureCitation>
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), (6) abdomen short, rounded to subquadrate, distinctly convex dorsally (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA18827FB3DB91EF478" box="[789,872,1263,1287]" captionStart="FIGURES 57 – 64" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1771,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 57 – 64. Ptilocera spp., wings: P. amethystina, male (57) and female (58), P. aureopilosa sp. nov., female holotype (59), P. b e rg i James, male (60) and female (61), P. continua, male (62) and female holotype (63). P. kerteszi sp. nov., female holotype (64)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278492/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
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), and (7) aedeagal complex with short cylindrical posterolateral papillae (
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<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA18AACFAC0BB83F455" box="[414,501,1298,1322]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 56" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 56. Ptilocera spp. P. continua, pretarsus of female fore leg in ventral view (51). P. aureopilosa, female abdomen in dorsal view (52). P. paradisea, distal half of male abdomen in dorsal view (53). P. continua, female abdomen in lateral view (54). P. quadridentata, dorsal part of male terminalia in ventral view (55) and genital capsule and aedeagal complex in dorsal view (56)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278491/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 56</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA18932FAC0B856F455" box="[512,544,1298,1322]" captionStart="FIGURES 95 – 100" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[174,1426,203,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,193,1841]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 95 – 100. Ptilocera continua, male, dorsal view (95), variable pattern on abdomen (96), antenna (97), genital capsule (98), aedeagal complex (99), proctiger, cerci and epandrium (100)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278497/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">99</figureCitation>
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). From these characters probably only characters (1) and (7) are autapomorphic for this genus although partly shared with
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA1895EFAEAB88EF430" box="[620,760,1336,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Isomerocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA1895EFAEAB88EF430" box="[620,760,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Isomerocera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in a modified form (see Introduction). Character (1) is probably secondarily reduced in the male of
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA1896EFA8EB8BDF40C" box="[604,715,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. s i m p l e x</emphasis>
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sp. nov. and character (2) was also found in some other
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18E7CFA88BA8AF4E8" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pachygastrinae">Pachygastrinae</taxonomicName>
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(e.g. in
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18A43FA52B84CF4E8" box="[369,570,1408,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Camptopteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18A43FA52B84CF4E8" box="[369,570,1408,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Camptopteromyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Meijere,
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA189D2FAADB9E0F4E8" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[736,918,1407,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Gabaza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA189D2FAADB941F4E8" box="[736,823,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gabaza</emphasis>
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Walker
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA1889EFA52BECFF4E8" authority="Kertesz" authorityName="Kertesz" box="[940,1209,1407,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Gnorismomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA1889EFA52BE25F4E8" box="[940,1107,1408,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gnorismomyia</emphasis>
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Kertész
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18FFFFAADBFEEF4E8" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[1229,1432,1407,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Lophoteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18FFFFAADBF3EF4E8" box="[1229,1352,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lophoteles</emphasis>
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Loew
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18BA5FA71BBF7F4C5" authority="Kertesz" authorityName="Kertesz" box="[151,385,1442,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Pegadomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18BA5FA71BB55F4C4" box="[151,291,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pegadomyia</emphasis>
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Kertész
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18ABEFA71B93CF4C5" authority="Rozkosny & Kovac" authorityName="Rozkosny & Kovac" box="[396,842,1442,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Pseudopegadomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18ABEFA71B81EF4C4" box="[396,616,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pseudopegadomyia</emphasis>
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Rozkošný & Kovac
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA1884DFA71BE25F4C5" authority="Kertesz" authorityName="Kertesz" box="[895,1107,1442,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Saldubella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA1884DFA71B981F4C4" box="[895,1015,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Saldubella</emphasis>
|
||
Kertész
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as well as in taxa outside of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18BA5FA15BB36F4A0" box="[151,320,1479,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pachygastrinae">Pachygastrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g. in some genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA1896FFA15B884F4A0" box="[605,754,1479,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Clitellariinae">Clitellariinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as a subtriangular prominence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18F41FA15BF3BF4A0" authority="Kertesz" authorityName="Kertesz" box="[1139,1357,1479,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Adoxomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18F41FA15BE87F4A0" box="[1139,1265,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Adoxomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Kertész
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and as a strong spine in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18A64FA39B851F77D" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[342,551,1514,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Clitellaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18A64FA39BBBDF77C" box="[342,459,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Clitellaria</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA1896CFA3EB959F77D" authority="Bigot" authorityName="Bigot" box="[606,815,1514,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Nigritomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA1896CFA3EB893F77C" box="[606,741,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Nigritomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Bigot
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="11BB6561DF39FFA78BF5F9DCBB80F368" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="591E36EADF39FFA18BF5F9DCBF46F6A8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1115,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18BF5F9DCBB2FF758" bold="true" box="[199,345,1550,1575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18A53F9DDBBECF758" box="[353,410,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="21B6767ADF39FFA18A53F9DDBBECF758" box="[353,410,1551,1575]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Head with strongly holoptic eyes contiguous for a relatively long distance, ommatidia in upper part of eye larger than in lower third (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA189A2F9E0B893F735" box="[656,741,1586,1610]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Ptilocera spp. 15 – 16. P. continua, male head (15) and male ocellar tubercle in frontal view (16). 17 – 20. P. quadridentata, female head (17) and female ocellar triangle in frontal view (18), male lower frons in frontal view (19) and female head in lateral view (20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278486/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Postocular area usually narrow, more distinct only in lower third of head in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA18AEFF985B844F710" box="[477,562,1623,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Ptilocera spp. 15 – 16. P. continua, male head (15) and male ocellar tubercle in frontal view (16). 17 – 20. P. quadridentata, female head (17) and female ocellar triangle in frontal view (18), male lower frons in frontal view (19) and female head in lateral view (20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278486/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upper frons barely broader than diameter of anterior ocellus, tapered anteriorly and reaching to about middle of distance between anterior ocellus and frontal tomentose spot above antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA18BADF94DBA82F7C8" box="[159,244,1695,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Ptilocera spp. 15 – 16. P. continua, male head (15) and male ocellar tubercle in frontal view (16). 17 – 20. P. quadridentata, female head (17) and female ocellar triangle in frontal view (18), male lower frons in frontal view (19) and female head in lateral view (20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278486/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocellar tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA18AFCF94DB856F7C8" box="[462,544,1695,1719]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Ptilocera spp. 15 – 16. P. continua, male head (15) and male ocellar tubercle in frontal view (16). 17 – 20. P. quadridentata, female head (17) and female ocellar triangle in frontal view (18), male lower frons in frontal view (19) and female head in lateral view (20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278486/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) distinctly prominent in lateral view, vertex beyond it transversely oblong, not longer than ocellar tubercle in dorsal view. Lower frons above antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA188E3F910BE55F7A5" box="[977,1059,1730,1754]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Ptilocera spp. 15 – 16. P. continua, male head (15) and male ocellar tubercle in frontal view (16). 17 – 20. P. quadridentata, female head (17) and female ocellar triangle in frontal view (18), male lower frons in frontal view (19) and female head in lateral view (20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278486/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
) shining black, slightly protuberant, usually with distinct medial groove and rounded, medianly divided silverish tomentose spot in upper half. Antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF39FFA18A35F8D8BB3CF65D" box="[263,330,1802,1826]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 8" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1657,1680]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1636]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 8. Ptilocera spp. 3 – 4. P. quadridentata, puparium in dorsal view (3) and in ventral view (4) (larva collected under bark of Moringa pterygosperma by J. C. H. de Meijere. Abbreviations: Apical seta (AP), anal slit (asl), dorsal seta (D), dorsocentral seta (DC), lateral seta (L), posterior spiracular open (pso), subapical seta (SAP), sternal patch (sp), ventral seta (V), ventrolateral seta (VL). The morphological terms used follow Bučánková et al. (2009). 5 – 8. P. continua, male antenna (5) and conjunction between 3 rd and 4 th flagellomeres (6), female antenna (7) and female 3 rd and 4 th flagellomeres in dorsal view showing sensory pits (8)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278484/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) usually more than twice as long as head, scape about twice as long as pedicel, longer only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18EB5F8DEBA9BF638" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Ptilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18EB5F8DEBA9BF638" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="70E65783DF39FFA18BC1F8E2BB3FF638" box="[243,329,1840,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Two basal flagellomeres cylindrical, with scattered sensory pits, first of them 1.5–2.0 times as long as broad and second usually shorter than broad. Each of flagellomeres 3–5 with ventral and dorsal slender projections, flagellomeres 6–8 short but densely haired. Last flagellomere usually 4–5 times longer than preceding one, relatively shorter only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EA14D69DF39FFA18AF1F84EB84EF6CC" box="[451,568,1947,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Stratiomyidae" genus="Ptilocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kerteszi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF39FFA18AF1F84EB84EF6CC" box="[451,568,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">P. kerteszi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="70E65783DF39FFA18971F849B8E8F6CD" box="[579,670,1947,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Face prominent, tubercle-like, rounded in profile. Proboscis with fleshy and stout labellum, palpus relatively long, two-segmented, with apical segment oval and flattened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="591E36EADF38FFA08BF5FF45BE1BF315" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Thorax longer than broad, scutum with markedly prominent postpronotal callus and slightly dilated toward wing bases. Leathery, rounded and flat prealar prominence in front of wing base well developed as in females (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08BA5FF0DBB6FF188" box="[151,281,223,247]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33 – 38" captionStartId-0="27.[151,264,1672,1695]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1650]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1651]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionText-0="FIGURES 27 – 32. Ptilocera spp. 27 – 29. P. smaragdina, female. Palpus (27), part of thorax in lateral view showing bare area on anepisternum and prealar prominence in lateral view (28, arrow), prealar prominence in lateral view (29). 30 – 32. Female prealar prominence in dorsal view, P. amethystina (30), P. aureopilosa (31) and P. continua (32)." captionText-1="FIGURES 33 – 38. Ptilocera spp. 33 – 34. Female prealar prominence in dorsal view, P. kerteszi sp. nov. (33) and P. smaragdina (34). 35 – 38. Scales on presutural area of female scutum, P. amethystina (35), P. continua (36), P. kerteszi sp. nov. (37) and P. quadridentata (38)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/278488/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/278489/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 29–34</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutellum about at same level as scutum, subquadrate or more rounded posteriorly, with two pairs of slightly upcurved and pointed spines, distance between middle pair of spines usually same as or longer than that between medial and lateral spines. Scutum and scutellum mostly covered with metallic iridescent scales in different arrangement and density. Scales usually more or less elliptical, subquadrate or tapered, often pointed apically, with semi-globular to globular bases, similar to those in females (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA088B6FEBDB9ADF0F8" box="[900,987,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 38" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 38. Ptilocera spp. 33 – 34. Female prealar prominence in dorsal view, P. kerteszi sp. nov. (33) and P. smaragdina (34). 35 – 38. Scales on presutural area of female scutum, P. amethystina (35), P. continua (36), P. kerteszi sp. nov. (37) and P. quadridentata (38)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278489/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 35</figureCitation>
|
||
–39). Wing membrane densely covered with microtrichia. In some species an irregular transverse yellowish streak from wing margin to lower margin of discal cell or even to anterior cubital cell less or more distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA088B4FE6EB9A9F0AB" box="[902,991,444,468]" captionStart="FIGURES 57 – 64" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1771,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 57 – 64. Ptilocera spp., wings: P. amethystina, male (57) and female (58), P. aureopilosa sp. nov., female holotype (59), P. b e rg i James, male (60) and female (61), P. continua, male (62) and female holotype (63). P. kerteszi sp. nov., female holotype (64)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278492/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 57</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA088DCFE6EBE7BF0AB" box="[1006,1037,444,468]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 73" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1756,1779]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1735]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 73. Ptilocera spp., wings: P. p a r a d i s e a, male holotype (65), P. quadridentata, male (66) and female (67), P. s i m - plex sp. nov., male holotype (68) and female (69), P. smaragdina, male (70) and female (71), P. violacea, male (72) and female (73)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278493/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">65</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vein R2+3 arising slightly before, beyond or just at crossvein R-M (Fig. 44) and vein R4 always present, no veins reaching posterior wing margin, all faint before end. Calypter usually with dense and mostly wool-like, black marginal fringe (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08F87FDD8BF7EF35D" box="[1205,1288,522,546]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 50" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 50. Ptilocera spp. P. kerteszi sp. nov., female, predominantly bare discal cell (45). P. quadridentata, female, calypter (46), anterior spiracle (47), halter (48), sensillae on halter surface (49) and apical tarsomeres of fore leg in dorsal view (50)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278490/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Halter relatively long, usually with darkened knob (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA0895CFDFCB8B4F339" box="[622,706,558,582]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 50" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 50. Ptilocera spp. P. kerteszi sp. nov., female, predominantly bare discal cell (45). P. quadridentata, female, calypter (46), anterior spiracle (47), halter (48), sensillae on halter surface (49) and apical tarsomeres of fore leg in dorsal view (50)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278490/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
) and dense surface sensillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08F2AFDFCBE18F339" box="[1048,1134,558,582]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 50" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 50. Ptilocera spp. P. kerteszi sp. nov., female, predominantly bare discal cell (45). P. quadridentata, female, calypter (46), anterior spiracle (47), halter (48), sensillae on halter surface (49) and apical tarsomeres of fore leg in dorsal view (50)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278490/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs dark, only mid and hind basitarsomeres sometimes paler. Apical tarsomeres and pretarsus as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA088DBFD80BE1FF315" box="[1001,1129,594,618]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 45 – 50" captionStart-1="FIGURES 51 – 56" captionStartId-0="30.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionStartId-1="31.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId-0="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId-1="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId-0="30" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionText-0="FIGURES 45 – 50. Ptilocera spp. P. kerteszi sp. nov., female, predominantly bare discal cell (45). P. quadridentata, female, calypter (46), anterior spiracle (47), halter (48), sensillae on halter surface (49) and apical tarsomeres of fore leg in dorsal view (50)." captionText-1="FIGURES 51 – 56. Ptilocera spp. P. continua, pretarsus of female fore leg in ventral view (51). P. aureopilosa, female abdomen in dorsal view (52). P. paradisea, distal half of male abdomen in dorsal view (53). P. continua, female abdomen in lateral view (54). P. quadridentata, dorsal part of male terminalia in ventral view (55) and genital capsule and aedeagal complex in dorsal view (56)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/278490/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/278491/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 50–51</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="591E36EADF38FFA08BF5FDA4BE18F565" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Abdomen rounded, barely longer than broad, with prominent but rounded anterolateral corners, slightly convex dorsally and ventrally. Silverish white (rarely golden yellow) hair patches may form species-specific ornamentation, abdomen only rarely entirely bare dorsally (male of
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF38FFA0881AFD6DB90FF3A9" box="[808,889,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. b e rg i</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="21B6767ADF38FFA088A6FD6CB9BBF3A9" box="[916,973,702,726]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08F61FD6CBEA4F3A9" box="[1107,1234,702,726]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 – 56" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 51 – 56. Ptilocera spp. P. continua, pretarsus of female fore leg in ventral view (51). P. aureopilosa, female abdomen in dorsal view (52). P. paradisea, distal half of male abdomen in dorsal view (53). P. continua, female abdomen in lateral view (54). P. quadridentata, dorsal part of male terminalia in ventral view (55) and genital capsule and aedeagal complex in dorsal view (56)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278491/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 55–56</figureCitation>
|
||
) specialised, with autapomorphic aedeagal complex. Epandrium usually subquadrate or slightly dilated proximally, more or less indented at proximal margin, proctiger mostly pentagonal, cerci only slightly reaching beyond epiproct. Genital capsule subquadrate, usually somewhat tapered toward proximal margin, medial process well developed, bilobate as a rule, simple only in
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF38FFA08A83FC9DB869F219" box="[433,543,846,870]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. s i m p l e x</emphasis>
|
||
. Gonostylus leaf-shaped. True trifid phallic organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08F59FC9CBEC8F219" box="[1131,1214,846,870]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 88" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1843,1866]" captionTargetBox="[154,1412,193,1814]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1822]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 88. Ptilocera spp. 82 – 83. P. aureopilosa sp. nov., female holotype, dorsal view (82), antenna (83). 84 – 88. P. bergi James, male, dorsal view (84), antenna (85), genital capsule (86), aedeagal complex (87), proctiger, cerci and epandrium (88)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
|
||
, in middle of distal part) protected by an enclosure consisting of a membrane between both gonocoxites and distally ending as a short cylindrical posterolateral papilla on each side of phallus. Phallic organ continuing proximally as flat, transversely margined or rounded aedeagal apodeme. Posterolateral papillae provided with transverse ridges in some species and/or their bases with tranverse rows of flat, hyaline and pointed spines. Only male of
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF38FFA08F4AFC0DBE91F289" box="[1144,1255,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. s im pl e x</emphasis>
|
||
with additional posterolateral, pointed projections at outer side of each posterolateral papilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA088CDFBD0BE17F565" box="[1023,1121,1026,1050]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 135" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1406,197,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 135. Ptilocera simplex sp. nov., male in dorsal view (128), female in dorsal view (129), male antenna (130), female antenna (131), genital capsule (132), aedeagal complex (133), proctiger, cerci and epandrium (134), genital furca (135)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278501/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 133</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="591E36EADF38FFA08BF5FBF4B8F7F64D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF38FFA08BF5FBF4BB6DF541" box="[199,283,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Female</emphasis>
|
||
. Head with dichoptic eyes separated by frons occupying about 1/5 of head width, size of ommatidia small on entire eye surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08AE1FB98B850F51D" box="[467,550,1098,1122]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Ptilocera spp. 15 – 16. P. continua, male head (15) and male ocellar tubercle in frontal view (16). 17 – 20. P. quadridentata, female head (17) and female ocellar triangle in frontal view (18), male lower frons in frontal view (19) and female head in lateral view (20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278486/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ocellar tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA089CCFB98B939F51D" box="[766,847,1098,1122]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Ptilocera spp. 15 – 16. P. continua, male head (15) and male ocellar tubercle in frontal view (16). 17 – 20. P. quadridentata, female head (17) and female ocellar triangle in frontal view (18), male lower frons in frontal view (19) and female head in lateral view (20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278486/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) and especially anterior ocellus prominent in profile but less distinct than in male. Postocular area well developed, about as broad as pedicel is long and shining in dorsal view, narrower and pilose laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08964FB40B8DDF5D5" box="[598,683,1170,1194]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Ptilocera spp. 15 – 16. P. continua, male head (15) and male ocellar tubercle in frontal view (16). 17 – 20. P. quadridentata, female head (17) and female ocellar triangle in frontal view (18), male lower frons in frontal view (19) and female head in lateral view (20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278486/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frons black, depressed in middle and slightly protuberant above antennae in profile, granulose, short and densely pilose in upper half and shining in lower half, with medial groove in lower half (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08A0BFB08BBF8F58D" box="[313,398,1242,1266]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Ptilocera spp. 15 – 16. P. continua, male head (15) and male ocellar tubercle in frontal view (16). 17 – 20. P. quadridentata, female head (17) and female ocellar triangle in frontal view (18), male lower frons in frontal view (19) and female head in lateral view (20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278486/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two subtriangular, subquadrate or rounded, whitish tomentose spots at eye margin below middle of frons. Scape and two basal flagellomeres usually stouter than in conspecific male. One unpaired projection present on flagellomere 2 and paired projections on flagellomeres 3–5, all projections much longer than in males, with combs of conspicous erect setulae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08983FA94B96FF421" box="[689,793,1350,1374]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 3 – 8" captionStart-1="FIGURES 9 – 14" captionStartId-0="23.[151,264,1657,1680]" captionStartId-1="24.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId-0="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1636]" captionTargetId-1="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionText-0="FIGURES 3 – 8. Ptilocera spp. 3 – 4. P. quadridentata, puparium in dorsal view (3) and in ventral view (4) (larva collected under bark of Moringa pterygosperma by J. C. H. de Meijere. Abbreviations: Apical seta (AP), anal slit (asl), dorsal seta (D), dorsocentral seta (DC), lateral seta (L), posterior spiracular open (pso), subapical seta (SAP), sternal patch (sp), ventral seta (V), ventrolateral seta (VL). The morphological terms used follow Bučánková et al. (2009). 5 – 8. P. continua, male antenna (5) and conjunction between 3 rd and 4 th flagellomeres (6), female antenna (7) and female 3 rd and 4 th flagellomeres in dorsal view showing sensory pits (8)." captionText-1="FIGURES 9 – 14. Ptilocera spp. P. continua, lateral projections of female 4 th and 5 th flagellomeres in ventral view (9). 10 – 13. Female antenna in lateral view, P. amethystina (10), P. continua (11), P. kerteszi sp. nov. (12) and P. quadridentata (13). 14. P. simplex sp. nov., male antennae in lateral view (14)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/278484/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/278485/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Facial tubercle below antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08FA8FA94BE9AF421" box="[1178,1260,1350,1374]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="25.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Ptilocera spp. 15 – 16. P. continua, male head (15) and male ocellar tubercle in frontal view (16). 17 – 20. P. quadridentata, female head (17) and female ocellar triangle in frontal view (18), male lower frons in frontal view (19) and female head in lateral view (20)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278486/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) as in male but usually broader. Iridescent scales on scutum and scutellum sometimes even denser than in males, usually arranged in longitudinal stripes on scutum, in some cases of diagnostic value (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA088F0FA5CBE60F4D9" box="[962,1046,1422,1446]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 38" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 38. Ptilocera spp. 33 – 34. Female prealar prominence in dorsal view, P. kerteszi sp. nov. (33) and P. smaragdina (34). 35 – 38. Scales on presutural area of female scutum, P. amethystina (35), P. continua (36), P. kerteszi sp. nov. (37) and P. quadridentata (38)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278489/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 35</figureCitation>
|
||
–40). Scutellar spines short, reaching only about 1/3 of scutellum length (e.g. Fig. 43), almost entirely darkened. Anterior spiracle as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08E3DFA60BF14F4B5" box="[1295,1378,1458,1482]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 50" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 50. Ptilocera spp. P. kerteszi sp. nov., female, predominantly bare discal cell (45). P. quadridentata, female, calypter (46), anterior spiracle (47), halter (48), sensillae on halter surface (49) and apical tarsomeres of fore leg in dorsal view (50)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278490/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
. Yellow transverse streak in middle of wing usually indistinct or absent. Wing microtrichia are usually less developed than in males, partly or extensively reduced especially in basal cells, anterior and posterior cubital, and anal cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08BADF9CCBB52F749" box="[159,292,1566,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 57 – 64" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1771,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1750]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 57 – 64. Ptilocera spp., wings: P. amethystina, male (57) and female (58), P. aureopilosa sp. nov., female holotype (59), P. b e rg i James, male (60) and female (61), P. continua, male (62) and female holotype (63). P. kerteszi sp. nov., female holotype (64)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278492/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 58, 63</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08A00F9CCBB27F749" box="[306,337,1566,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 73" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1756,1779]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1732]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1735]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 73. Ptilocera spp., wings: P. p a r a d i s e a, male holotype (65), P. quadridentata, male (66) and female (67), P. s i m - plex sp. nov., male holotype (68) and female (69), P. smaragdina, male (70) and female (71), P. violacea, male (72) and female (73)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278493/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">71</figureCitation>
|
||
). Calypter with white or black marginal hair fringe. Female terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08FBEF9CCBE98F749" box="[1164,1262,1566,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 127" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[156,1408,194,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 127. Ptilocera quadridentata, female, dorsal view (120), variable pattern on abdomen (121), antenna (122), thorax in lateral view (123), female terminalia (124), genital furca (125 – 126), subgenital plate (127)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two-segmented cercus, the basal segment up to 5 times longer than apical one, tergite 10 subtriangular, shorter than basal segment of cercus. Tergite 9 subquadrate and emarginated distally, sternite 9 weakly sclerotized, almost 3.0 times as long as broad, subgenital plate (= sternite 8) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08980F958B964F7DD" box="[690,786,1674,1698]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 127" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1726,1749]" captionTargetBox="[156,1408,194,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 127. Ptilocera quadridentata, female, dorsal view (120), variable pattern on abdomen (121), antenna (122), thorax in lateral view (123), female terminalia (124), genital furca (125 – 126), subgenital plate (127)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 127</figureCitation>
|
||
) longer than tergite 8, distally projecting in middle. Genital furca fairly uniform, elongate oval and pointed proximally, deepened in middle of frame distally, posterolateral projections long and pointed (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA0893CF900B813F795" box="[526,613,1746,1770]" captionStart="FIGURES 74 – 81" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1825,1848]" captionTargetBox="[176,1416,199,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1804]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 74 – 81. Ptilocera amethystina. 74 – 78. Male, dorsal view (74), antenna (75), genital capsule (76), aedeagal complex (77), proctiger, cerci and epandrium (78). 79 – 81. Female, dorsal view (79), female antenna (80), genital furca (81)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 81</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08943F900B8CCF795" box="[625,698,1746,1770]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 94" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1741,1764]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,198,1715]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 94. Ptilocera bergi James, female, antenna (89), variability of abdominal pattern (91 – 92), genital furca (93 – 94)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278496/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">93–94</figureCitation>
|
||
, 106–107). Intersegmental membranous areas long although usually shorter than neighbouring segments. Completely extended oviscape usually longer than sclerotized abdominal segments 1–5. Spermathecae not examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="591E36EADF38FFA78BF5F8ECBB80F368" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2022]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,535]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Diagnostic characters have been found especially on the antenna (the length and colour of basal segments, the shape of two basal flagellomeres, the length and colour of the ultimate and penultimate flagellomere), on the wing (presence or absence of the yellowish transverse streak, the extent of hyaline areas with reduced microtrichia) and the shape of hair patches on the abdomen. However, colour characters and the extent of abdominal hair patches are often considerably variable (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF38FFA08ACCF81CB97BF699" box="[510,781,1998,2022]" captionStart="FIGURES 142 – 153" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1756,1779]" captionTargetBox="[162,1431,200,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,193,1735]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 142 – 153. Ptilocera smaragdina, female, dorsal view (142), pattern on thorax and abdomen of P. smaragdifera holotype (143), antenna (144), antenna of P. smaragdifera holotype (145), genital furca (146), genital furca of P. smaragdifera holotype (147), different abdominal pattern in females from same population: Philippines, Manila (148 – 153)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278503/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 142–143, 148–153</figureCitation>
|
||
). A complex of characters must be thus taken in consideration when making identifications. Our preliminary study of surface structures in some species indicates that the size, shape and density of scales, especially on the scutum and scutellum, might be a diagnostic character even in females (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF3FFFA78A10FF0DBB00F188" box="[290,374,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 38" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 38. Ptilocera spp. 33 – 34. Female prealar prominence in dorsal view, P. kerteszi sp. nov. (33) and P. smaragdina (34). 35 – 38. Scales on presutural area of female scutum, P. amethystina (35), P. continua (36), P. kerteszi sp. nov. (37) and P. quadridentata (38)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278489/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 37</figureCitation>
|
||
–39). Scales are often accompanied or replaced by slender or slightly dilated setulae inserted in globose or semiglobose basal structures (Figs 39, 40). Nevertheless, these surface structures need further study including a detailed comparison of scales and setulae among species, between both sexes and on different body parts. On the contrary, the shape of the prealar prominence seems to be fairly uniform within this genus, apart from some differences in the number and form of grooves on the dorsal surface (cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF3FFFA78F32FEBDBEF7F0F8" box="[1024,1153,367,391]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33 – 38" captionStartId-0="27.[151,264,1672,1695]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,264,1673,1696]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1650]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1651]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1652]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionText-0="FIGURES 27 – 32. Ptilocera spp. 27 – 29. P. smaragdina, female. Palpus (27), part of thorax in lateral view showing bare area on anepisternum and prealar prominence in lateral view (28, arrow), prealar prominence in lateral view (29). 30 – 32. Female prealar prominence in dorsal view, P. amethystina (30), P. aureopilosa (31) and P. continua (32)." captionText-1="FIGURES 33 – 38. Ptilocera spp. 33 – 34. Female prealar prominence in dorsal view, P. kerteszi sp. nov. (33) and P. smaragdina (34). 35 – 38. Scales on presutural area of female scutum, P. amethystina (35), P. continua (36), P. kerteszi sp. nov. (37) and P. quadridentata (38)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/278488/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/278489/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 29–34</figureCitation>
|
||
). The shape of the apical segment of the palpus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF3FFFA78AAAFE46B86EF0D3" box="[408,536,404,428]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 21 – 26" captionStart-1="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStartId-0="26.[151,264,1672,1695]" captionStartId-1="27.[151,264,1672,1695]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1650]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1650]" captionTargetId-0="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1651]" captionTargetId-1="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1651]" captionTargetPageId-0="26" captionTargetPageId-1="27" captionText-0="FIGURES 21 – 26. Ptilocera spp. 21. P. aureopilosa, female head in frontal view. 22 – 23. P. quadridentata, female lower frons (22) and male head in lateral view showing proboscis and two-segmented palpus (23). 24 – 26. Female palpus of F. amethystina (24), F. continua (25) and P. quadridentata (26)." captionText-1="FIGURES 27 – 32. Ptilocera spp. 27 – 29. P. smaragdina, female. Palpus (27), part of thorax in lateral view showing bare area on anepisternum and prealar prominence in lateral view (28, arrow), prealar prominence in lateral view (29). 30 – 32. Female prealar prominence in dorsal view, P. amethystina (30), P. aureopilosa (31) and P. continua (32)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/278487/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/278488/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 24–27</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows only slight differences among the female specimens examined. The male terminalia do not provide a sufficiently diverse set of morphological structures in some related species and only those of
|
||
<emphasis id="6BD5EAF8DF3FFFA78BCBFE0FBB11F08B" box="[249,359,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. s i m p l e x</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C19A2A6FDF3FFFA78A49FE0EB86EF08B" box="[379,536,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 135" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1884,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1406,197,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 135. Ptilocera simplex sp. nov., male in dorsal view (128), female in dorsal view (129), male antenna (130), female antenna (131), genital capsule (132), aedeagal complex (133), proctiger, cerci and epandrium (134), genital furca (135)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/278501/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 132–134</figureCitation>
|
||
) display highly species-specific structures. Differences in the female terminalia are generally even less distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |