140 lines
12 KiB
XML
140 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.204.2740" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9f2525c-d111-4a5d-b242-8ba4d5c55d2f" ID-PMC="PMC3391719" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-204-1" ID-PubMed="22787417" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-204-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 204" ModsDocTitle="Snakefly diversity in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)" checkinTime="1451248933081" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fuente, Ricardo Perez-de la, Penalver, Enrique, Delclos, Xavier & Engel, Michael S." docDate="2012" docId="CED21435EA51B70EDD7FF2C3334614ED" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 204: 1-40" docOrigin="ZooKeys 204" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.204.2740" docTitle="Necroraphidia Perez-de la Fuente, Penalver, Delclos & Engel, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFA6FFC19C69FFCD6A5CFF8AFFFA647B" masterDocTitle="Snakefly diversity in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1668154032987" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Snakefly diversity in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fuente, Ricardo Perez-de la</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Penalver, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Delclos, Xavier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>204</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>40</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.204.2740</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.204.2740</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-204-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152036167" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BF4F7D74-232F-4F2E-8754-E3940CD9D8B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CED21435EA51B70EDD7FF2C3334614ED" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BF4F7D74-232F-4F2E-8754-E3940CD9D8B0" authority="Perez-de la Fuente, Penalver, Delclos & Engel" class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Necroraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Necroraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Necroraphidia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-de">Perez-de</normalizedToken>
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la Fuente,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñalver">Penalver</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Delclòs">Delclos</normalizedToken>
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& Engel
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="9">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Necroraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Necroraphidia arcuata" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">Necroraphidia arcuata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Small size; costal field very broad; pterostigma with a single, subdistal, strongly oblique, slightly sinuose to arcuate crossvein; pterostigma with a
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">diffuse</pageBreakToken>
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base; forewing with Rs and MA each forked twice; forewing with second radial cell proximally broad.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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The new genus-group name is a combination of the Greek word nekros, meaning,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“dead”">"dead"</normalizedToken>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Raphidia</taxonomicName>
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, common generic stem for snakeflies. The name is feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Necroraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Necroraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Necroraphidia</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. is most similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Ororaphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ororaphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ororaphidia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Styporaphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Styporaphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Styporaphidia</taxonomicName>
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from the Late Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China (
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<bibRefCitation author="Engel, MS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="188 - 193" title="New snakeflies from the Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China (Raphidioptera)." volume="81" year="2008">Engel and Ren 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). These three genera show the very diagnostic character of a diffuse base to the pterostigma, lacking a crossvein as the proximal boundary of this wing region (figs 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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). Also, they share the presence of, at least, one pterostigmal crossvein subdistally, three discoidal cells posterior to MP in the forewing (forming a triangle), and a larger size if compared with other minute mesoraphidiids.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Caloraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caloraphidia glossophylla" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glossophylla">Caloraphidia glossophylla</taxonomicName>
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Ren, 1997 (combination restored by
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<bibRefCitation author="Bechly, G" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="221 - 236" title="A new fossil genus and species of snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with a discussion of snakefly phylogeny and fossil history." url="10.1163/187631211X568164" volume="42" year="2011">Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011</bibRefCitation>
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) shares these three characters, but it lacks the diffuse pterostigmal base according to Ren (1997: p. 184, fig. 11). Hence, to consider this species as closely related (i.e., as an ororaphidiine in their system) as suggested by
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<bibRefCitation author="Bechly, G" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="221 - 236" title="A new fossil genus and species of snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with a discussion of snakefly phylogeny and fossil history." url="10.1163/187631211X568164" volume="42" year="2011">Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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seems dubious.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Necroraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Necroraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Necroraphidia</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Styporaphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Styporaphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Styporaphidia</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of a single pterostigmal crossvein (two in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Styporaphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Styporaphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Styporaphidia</taxonomicName>
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) and the three branches of both Rs and MA (two branches in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Styporaphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Styporaphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Styporaphidia</taxonomicName>
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), while it can be distinguished most readily from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Ororaphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ororaphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ororaphidia</taxonomicName>
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by the strongly oblique and arcuate shape of the pterostigmal crossvein (less oblique and straight in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Ororaphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ororaphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ororaphidia</taxonomicName>
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), the proximally broader second radial cell (narrowly triangular proximad in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Ororaphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ororaphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ororaphidia</taxonomicName>
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), the smaller second discoidal cell, and also by the smaller size (forewing length 11.4 in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Ororaphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ororaphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ororaphidia</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Engel, MS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="188 - 193" title="New snakeflies from the Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China (Raphidioptera)." volume="81" year="2008">Engel and Ren 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Necroraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Necroraphidia arcuata" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">Necroraphidia arcuata</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. n., holotype CES 391.1. A ventral habitus, note some charcoalified plant fibersnearby the specimen (arrow) B right forewing pterostigmal crossvein C right hind wing pterostigmal crossvein D right forewing pterostigmal diffuse base E right hind wing pterostigmal diffuse base. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, C, D, E = 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |