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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.356.6481" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1b2ce37-b3f8-4568-a88a-6933ba8822da" ID-PMC="PMC3867108" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-356-11" ID-PubMed="24363572" ID-ZBK="93538B7A46EF436BB253BEA0D120C1C7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-356-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 356" ModsDocTitle="The “Taygetis ypthima species group” (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species" checkinTime="1451246629186" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Zacca, Thamara, Dias, Fernando Maia Silva, Freitas, Andre Victor Lucci, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik &amp; Casagrande, Mirna Martins" docDate="2013" docId="CC87416F10FD3362604E285F0604952D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 356: 11-29" docOrigin="ZooKeys 356" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.356.6481" docTitle="Taygetis ypthima Huebner 1821" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="5F75FA2BFFA7FFE5C45EFFFC426BFFBF" masterDocTitle="The &quot; Taygetis ypthima species group &quot; (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668157003685" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The &quot; Taygetis ypthima species group &quot; (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae): taxonomy, variation and description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Siewert, Ricardo Russo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zacca, Thamara</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dias, Fernando Maia Silva</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Freitas, Andre Victor Lucci</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Casagrande, Mirna Martins</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>356</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
<mods:end>29</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.356.6481</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.356.6481</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-356-11</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">93538B7A46EF436BB253BEA0D120C1C7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">93538B7A46EF436BB253BEA0D120C1C7</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152049810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC87416F10FD3362604E285F0604952D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC87416F10FD3362604E285F0604952D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Taygetis_ypthima" authority="Huebner, [1821]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">
Taygetis ypthima
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, [1821]
</taxonomicName>
Figs 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="AH">A-H</normalizedToken>
; 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="FJ">F-J</normalizedToken>
; 7C, D
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="examined material">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Examined material.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
BRASIL -
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="16" start="start">Bahia</pageBreakToken>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jitaúna">Jitauna</normalizedToken>
- 25-III-1969, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27. 720 (DZUP). Rio de Contas, 150 m, 4-III-1969, 1 female, H. Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.721 (DZUP). Minas Gerais: Alfenas - 27-I-2012, 1 male, Brito leg., VPI2.2-214 (ZUEC). Camanducaia - Monteverde, 1650m, 8-II-1979, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.646 (DZUP); Cambuquira - 10-XII-1968, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.432, DZ 26.433 (DZUP); 12-X-1968, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 26.434 (DZUP); 15-IX-1969, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.647 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Conceição">Conceicao</normalizedToken>
dos Ouros - Rio
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sapucaí">Sapucai</normalizedToken>
, 24-II-1968, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.648 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marliéria">Marlieria</normalizedToken>
- Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 200 m, 08-IX-1972, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.718 (DZUP); 16-III-1972, 1 male, H. &amp; H. D. Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.719 (DZUP). Itamonte - Vargem Grande, 1600m, 17-II-2010, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 27.554 (DZUP); NE side of Itatiaia, 1300m, II-1959, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.671 (DZUP); Passa Quatro - Paiolinho, Fazenda Serra Fina, 1600m, 16-II-2010, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 27.645 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Virgínia">Virginia</normalizedToken>
- Fazenda dos Campos, 1500m, 13-15-II-2010, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 27.540 (DZUP). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo - 1000m, 23-I-1983, 1 female, O.-C. Mielke leg., DZ 27.644 (DZUP); Itatiaia - 900m, 23-I-1936, 1 male, Gagarin leg., ex-coll. Gargarin, DZ 27.472; II-1958, 2 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.634, DZ 27.635 (DZUP); 1600m, 14-II-1956, 1 male and 2 females, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.637, DZ 27.638, DZ 27.639 (DZUP); Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Maromba, 1100m, 06-09-II-2011, 1 female, Freitas leg., ZUEC LEP 5.372 (ZUEC);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petrópolis">Petropolis</normalizedToken>
-
<normalizedToken originalValue="Independência">Independencia</normalizedToken>
, 900m, 13-III-1933, 1 male, Gargarin leg., ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 27.655 (DZUP); Rio de Janeiro - 14-XI-1920, 1 male,
<normalizedToken originalValue="DAlmeida">D'Almeida</normalizedToken>
leg., ex-coll.
<normalizedToken originalValue="DAlmeida">D'Almeida</normalizedToken>
, DZ 27.654 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Teresópolis">Teresopolis</normalizedToken>
- 1600m, 20-II-1967, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.637 (DZUP).
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Apiaí">Apiai</normalizedToken>
- IV-1972, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.636 (DZUP); Campos do
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jordão">Jordao</normalizedToken>
- I.1966, 5 males and 3 females, without collector, DZ 27.369, DZ 27.579, DZ 27.588, DZ 27.589, DZ 27.591, DZ 27.597, DZ 27.602, DZ 27.603 (DZUP); 1600-2000m, 8-12-II-1982, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande, DZ 27.587, DZ 27.595 (DZUP); Parque Estadual Campos do
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jordão">Jordao</normalizedToken>
, 1950m, 10-II-1968, 2 males, Mielke, Brown &amp; Laroca leg., DZ 27.593, DZ 27.600 (DZUP); 1800m, 11-12-I-2001, 1 female, Brown &amp; Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Capão">Capao</normalizedToken>
Bonito - Fazenda Intervales, Sede, 950-1100m, 30-XII-1989, 1 female, Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 15-II-2000, 2 females, Brown, Freitas, Francini &amp; Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 1.776 (ZUEC); 13-XII-2000, 1 male and 1 female, Brown, Freitas, Francini &amp; Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 4.731, ZUEC LEP 4.732 (ZUEC); 5-6-XII-2001, 1 male and 1 female, Brown &amp; Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 15-I-2002, 1 female, Brown, Freitas, Francini &amp; Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 802 (ZUEC); 17-I-2003, 2 males and 2 females, Brown, Freitas, Francini &amp; Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 1.028, ZUEC LEP 1.547, ZUEC LEP 1.548, ZUEC LEP 1.549 (ZUEC); 19-I-2003, 3 males, Brown, Freitas &amp; Uehara-Prado leg., ZUEC LEP 1.180, ZUEC LEP 1.286, ZUEC LEP 1.305 (ZUEC); Cotia - Morro Grande, 900-1100m, 15-III-2000, 1 female, Uehara-Prado &amp; Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 22-XII-2000, 1 female, Brown &amp; Uehara-Prado leg. ZUEC LEP 1.781 (ZUEC);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Imbariê">Imbarie</normalizedToken>
- 7-I-1956, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.633 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jundiaí">Jundiai</normalizedToken>
- Serra do Japi, 11-V-2012, 1 female, Santos leg., BLU 246 (ZUEC); Piquete - Barreira de Piquete, 1400-1600m, 15-II-1984, 2 males, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 27.585, DZ 27.596 (DZUP); Presidente Venceslau - without date, 2 males and 4 females,
<normalizedToken originalValue="DAlmeida">D'Almeida</normalizedToken>
leg., DZ 27.656, DZ 27.657, DZ 27.658, DZ 27.659, DZ 27.660, DZ 27.661 (DZUP); Rio Claro - 60m, 6-I-1964, 5 males and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.392, DZ 5.500, DZ 27.663, DZ 27.630, DZ 27.631, DZ 27.632 (DZUP); 16-V-1965, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.662 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Salesópolis">Salesopolis</normalizedToken>
-
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estação">Estacao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
da Boraceia, 900m, 21-II-2006, 1 male, Uehara-Prado &amp; Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); 27-III-2006, 1 male, Uehara-Prado &amp; Freitas leg. (ZUEC-AVLF); Umuarama - 1800m, 8-15-III-1937, 8 males and 2 females, Gargarin leg., ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 27.584, DZ 27.586, DZ 27.590, DZ 27.592, DZ 27.593, DZ 27.594, DZ 27.598, DZ 27.599, DZ 27.601, DZ 27.632 (DZUP).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
: Foz do
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iguaçu">Iguacu</normalizedToken>
- 250m, 17-II-1969, 3 males, Moure &amp; Mielke leg., DZ 26.741, DZ 1.626, DZ 27.368 (DZUP); 10-X-1969, 1 male, Krause leg., DZ 26.740 (DZUP); Parque Nacional do
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iguaçu">Iguacu</normalizedToken>
, 21-24-IV-1996, 2 females, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 26.743, DZ 26.769 (DZUP); Curitiba - 900m, 20-III-1980, 1 male, O. Mielke leg., DZ 27.405 (DZUP); Uberaba, Tirol das Torres, 900m, 5-II-2010, 1 female, O. Mielke leg., DZ 26.742 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rolândia">Rolandia</normalizedToken>
- Rio Tibagi, 750m, XII-1941, 1 male, Waltz leg., DZ 27.397 (DZUP). Santa Catarina: Canoinhas - I, 1 male, Pohl leg., DZ 27.667 (DZUP); 16-IX-1941, 1 male, Schimith leg., DZ 27.668 (DZUP); Ibirama - I, 1 male, Pohl leg., DZ 27.666 (DZUP); VIII, 1 female, Pohl leg., DZ 27.670 (DZUP); XII, Pohl leg., DZ 27.669 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Itaiópolis">Itaiopolis</normalizedToken>
- 26-III-1937, 1 male,
<normalizedToken originalValue="DAlmeida">D'Almeida</normalizedToken>
leg., ex-coll.
<normalizedToken originalValue="DAlmeida">D'Almeida</normalizedToken>
, DZ 27.549 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Itajaí">Itajai-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Agrolândia">Agrolandia</normalizedToken>
, 400m, II-1973, 1 female, Wulff leg., DZ 27.665 (DZUP); Joinville - 5-III-1974, 1 male, O. Mielke leg., DZ 26.778 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Bento do Sul - Rio Vermelho, 850m, 10-IV-1980, 1 female, Rank leg., DZ 27.640 (DZUP); 950m, 23-I-1982, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 26.815 (DZUP); 650m, 30-I-1982, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 26.816 (DZUP); 850m, 7-XII-1969, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.649 (DZUP); 8-I-1971, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.643 (DZUP); 10-I-1971, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.641 (DZUP); 7-VIII-1971, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.650 (DZUP); 3-X-1971, 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 5.499 (DZUP); 5-XII-1969, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.642, DZ 27.651 (DZUP); 6-XII-1969, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 26.429, DZ 27.653 (DZUP); 4-III-1980, 1 male, Ebert leg., ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 27.652 (DZUP); 8-V-1980, 1 male, Rank leg., DZ 27.664 (DZUP);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Taió">Taio</normalizedToken>
- February, 1 male, Pohl leg., DZ 27.666 (DZUP). Rio Grande do Sul:
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
do
<normalizedToken originalValue="Inhacorá">Inhacora</normalizedToken>
- Alto Uruguai, 2-V-1980, 1 male, Steiniger leg., DZ 26.770 (DZUP). PARAGUAY - General Dias: Itaquiri - 400m, 15-20-I-1980, 5 males and 5 females, O.-C. Mielke &amp; Myers leg., DZ 27.708, DZ 27.709, DZ 27.710, DZ 27.711, DZ 27.712, DZ 27.713, DZ 27.714, DZ 27.715, DZ 27.716, DZ 27.717 (DZUP). ARGENTINA - Corrientes: Santo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tomé">Tome</normalizedToken>
- I-1924, 1 male,
<normalizedToken originalValue="DAlmeida">D'Almeida</normalizedToken>
leg., ex-coll.
<normalizedToken originalValue="DAlmeida">D'Almeida</normalizedToken>
, DZ 27.522 (DZUP). Misiones: General Manuel Belgrano - Almirante Brown, Reserva Yacutinga, 2-5-III-2007, 1 male, Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg., DZ 27.531 (DZUP).
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
: Ibatim - Pueblo Viejo, 850m, 25-I-1970, 1 female, O. Mielke leg., DZ 27.707 (DZUP).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis drogoni" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drogoni">Taygetis drogoni</taxonomicName>
by the forewing underside submarginal band, not conspicuously constricted at M3; the proximal line is oblique in M3-CuA1 to the direction of the base of the wing, disjointed of the remainder of the line from CuA1 to the inner margin; submarginal band irregular, but about the same width from M1 to the inner margin, sometimes slightly wider at M3-CuA1; hind wing underside with the discal line curved and irregular, extending from the costal margin to the inner margin; and proximal line of the submarginal band distinctly curved and irregular. Tegumen smaller; valva thinner and longer, with a smaller dorsal rough area. Signa ventral; laterally, sternum VIII fused with tergum VIII; lamella antevaginalis with two lateral process.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
Figure 2. Adults of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
.
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
male A dorsal view B ventral view
<normalizedToken originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
female C dorsal view D ventral view
<normalizedToken originalValue="EH">E-H</normalizedToken>
variations in ventral view. Scale bar = 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">(Fig. 8). Occurs in northeastern, southeastern and southern Brazil, and also in Paraguay and Argentina, from sea level to 2000 m a.s.l. Based on label data, adults are present all year round.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="16" type="taxonomic comments">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="16">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="16">
This is the commonest and more widespread species of the group. The high intraspecific variation observed in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis yphtima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yphtima">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="17" start="start">Taygetis</pageBreakToken>
yphtima
</taxonomicName>
yield a number of descriptions of local forms or synonyms:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis xantippe" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xantippe">Taygetis xantippe</taxonomicName>
Butler, [1870],
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ophelia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophelia">Taygetis ophelia</taxonomicName>
Butler, 1870;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ophelia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophelia">Taygetis ophelia</taxonomicName>
f. semibrunnea Weymer, 1910 and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
[sic] ab. lineata Kivirikko, 1936, all synonyms of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Lamas, G" editor="Lamas, G" journalOrPublisher="Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville" pageId="14" pageNumber="25" pagination="217 - 223" title="Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Euptychiina." year="2004">Lamas 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Warren, AD" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="15" pageNumber="26" title="Illustrated Lists of American Butterflies." url="http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com" year="2013">Warren et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Based on collected specimens, different phenotypes associated with these taxonomic names frequently occur in a same locality. Furthermore, the genitalia of these specimens are exactly alike the genitalia of typical
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
. Nonetheless,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis fulginia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulginia">Taygetis fulginia</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="DAlmeida">D'Almeida</normalizedToken>
, 1922, until recently considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Taygetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taygetis ypthima" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ypthima">Taygetis ypthima</taxonomicName>
(Lamas op. cit.), is in fact a valid species, with clear differences on morphology of male and female genitalia and wing pattern (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>