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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="5518" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ebc27064-6919-4f59-87e1-f773500962f1" ID-PMC="PMC8289813" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-179-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F9007B81A3025C47AF6B5D7A9EF49B0E" ID-PubMed="34316268" ModsDocID="1314-2003-179-99" checkinTime="1626109678468" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Clark, John L. &amp; Jost, Lou" docDate="2021" docId="C651D84DAF435148AE256A5A8DA0BB0F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 179: 99-110" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 179" docPubDate="2021-07-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990" docTitle="Kohleria andina J. L. Clark &amp; Jost 2021, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="F9007B81A3025C47AF6B5D7A9EF49B0E" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="F9007B81A3025C47AF6B5D7A9EF49B0E" masterDocTitle="New circumscriptions add two northern Andean species to Kohleria (Gesneriaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1732939505993" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="EE53D96037BCEA687ED99D745D547AA5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C956702D04D41E30D2B50C7EC43650C4">
<mods:title id="DC15190BC5C9EC82FDA539FF79929712">New circumscriptions add two northern Andean species to Kohleria (Gesneriaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="650A1328ABF235850EDDCDD6065C4298" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EB3677CD03B621D0368A16D97862D84B">
<mods:roleTerm id="4129BDDBBFA321BEF422966489F199B9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="99095BD1DB4E9EBEF6B2842B8B0FEA91">Clark, John L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DE5E7E4F20E55971268D5E682AC484FE" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-6380</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="99B3C7689D7F37AF13093CD0D42D1F0A">Science Department, The Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5948913FB992D5C1EA3846E550597770" type="email">jclark@lawrenceville.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="43956F54B791AC9FF990C9EC9090D3D8">Jost, Lou</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8F5B892C0D05F0A022A921F39D6DAC0A">Lou Jost, Fundacion EcoMinga, Banos, Tungurahua, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EAF729E2CA268601079D4B4127959043">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D614172FAE707043359F72B6CAE503CD">
<mods:title id="0ECE94D0F0E31319625623358F8C83B4">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2C68D02B21360EE1E9B3303E15A90104">
<mods:date id="1FB0FC633C4586EFE329B095BC05ADB4">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5B7B60B8E79657FACF5D29C52325F61">2021-07-12</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="75101288A36B0B5B3FAA09DE4F1D4CDC" type="volume">
<mods:number id="52D154E9993DDCBA2A5E62E5CE2ABCF3">179</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C09D6C4A4B4C4C803F81F5E46FCFD1BD">99</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E5162992CD50EA3AEAEC413E0D9B382D">110</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="FE00CB1AC09DF35C330465228007BAAD">
<mods:url id="CF5014AA62001BE601206F9138EFB2DE">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="1C78AEF1FB7895943E20A7649806AB4A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3B897F01C34B09AE9FB1E746AEA0C910" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B2221FC943533770689237AD97B5763A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-179-99</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E562EE01FBD770522FBA5E51B318893D" type="Pensoft-UUID">F9007B81A3025C47AF6B5D7A9EF49B0E</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C651D84DAF435148AE256A5A8DA0BB0F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183501759" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C651D84DAF435148AE256A5A8DA0BB0F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C651D84DAF435148AE256A5A8DA0BB0F" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" scope_family="Gesneriaceae">
<subSubSection id="91BF2CBCDB046D1C739ACFFC7302C468" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3D6FF8E262759081F02AD9C9C76EF203" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="1F15C91F4E54B1910585CE079AAB00D5" ID-CoL="8MP2V" LSID="C651D84D-AF43-5148-AE25-6A5A8DA0BB0F" authority="(Fritsch) J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina" status="comb. nov.">Kohleria andina (Fritsch) J.L. Clark &amp; Jost</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D226BB4E6B37D450D4A41426CEE68681" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B24EAD9FB1FE481BA873799D3ADFC5C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C0546A2E630F7BEE800D1A43356291E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="E174DF99CD25000F433598CC2BBFFE7C" authorityName="Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Capanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capanea andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina" status="comb. nov.">Capanea andina</taxonomicName>
Fritsch, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50: 431-432. 1913 (
<normalizedToken id="98B1ED1EF25D269091952E089B8467FB" originalValue="“1914”">&quot;1914&quot;</normalizedToken>
). Type: Ecuador. Andes Quitenses, Tunguragua, 1857,
<emphasis id="854E404F619BAB8B433285B9BACC6A53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">R. Spruce 5178</emphasis>
(lectotype K000395097, designated here; isolectotypes: BM000953512, E00062367, G00370826, G00370838, K000395097).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0E3E558A5F3B7540F6BA99D12F1F9379" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="51BF2D85FF42EBBF075100E6D273D3D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="55DB3E11EA3F02CAB975E7140E10F048" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
One of the key characters discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="570734D5D8471899875BC354A74C9B68" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.79" author="Kvist, L" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 83" refId="B4" refString="Kvist, L, Skog, LE, 1992. Revision of Kohleria (Gesneriaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 79 (79): 1 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.79" title="Revision of Kohleria (Gesneriaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.79" volume="79" year="1992">Kvist and Skog (1992)</bibRefCitation>
as the basis for the generic circumscription of
<taxonomicName id="5E17DC16343A008E005CB566DE65DA96" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4804F0A772BCA2EF12FDFEC4522D9E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a terrestrial (i.e., non-epiphytic) habit. In the generic delimitation of
<taxonomicName id="016D082F74EFAE3A63866B932A08A62E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F3FAE93CE316F1B1388DB5D6320A167" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="03D28B3B22E5B8A741EED7B532A86041" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.79" author="Kvist, L" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 83" refId="B4" refString="Kvist, L, Skog, LE, 1992. Revision of Kohleria (Gesneriaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 79 (79): 1 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.79" title="Revision of Kohleria (Gesneriaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.79" volume="79" year="1992">Kvist and Skog 1992</bibRefCitation>
), the habit is described as herbs, subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely scandent shrubs. The terrestrial habit was considered a character by
<bibRefCitation id="D7B74B3979DE24448D65CDD3050F4289" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.79" author="Kvist, L" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 83" refId="B4" refString="Kvist, L, Skog, LE, 1992. Revision of Kohleria (Gesneriaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 79 (79): 1 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.79" title="Revision of Kohleria (Gesneriaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.79" volume="79" year="1992">Kvist and Skog (1992)</bibRefCitation>
to differentiate
<taxonomicName id="A32397E51FA795FDCD338F93BCB8491C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="461863D20A5756DFE283B07A51952B81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from closely related genera that are epiphytes or lianas. Phylogenetic studies by
<bibRefCitation id="7C0981C7A45937F47643B17A85B1AE1C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25065368" author="Roalson, EH" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="389 - 410" refId="B6" refString="Roalson, EH, Boggan, JK, Skog, LE, Zimmer, EA, 2005b. Untangling Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic datasets. Taxon 54 (2): 389 - 410, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25065368" title="Untangling Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic datasets." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25065368" volume="54" year="2005 b">Roalson et al. (2005b)</bibRefCitation>
showed that
<taxonomicName id="71BB50F88D387DFD291993C81D56C288" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3183B13A206C36684FF1CBE580932435" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was paraphyletic with the exclusion of &quot;
<taxonomicName id="8BB68EC515CE97AC44D2A7EC4F512F1D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Capanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capanea" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4C72C1EC45533B3089011FE1BBA8309E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Capanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;, a group of epiphytic subshrubs from the Andes. Thus, many of the features that differentiated &quot;
<taxonomicName id="61AA907AD84C1B9EF9096E6BA0EAFCD5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Capanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capanea" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1B1CEC173BB452DA1B851E8B7506DE40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Capanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; from
<taxonomicName id="97C4E4F6EC87BEC54830E5CB94FC562B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A31499D151A84172805CFEA1699F2236" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such as an epiphytic habit and four-valved capsules, are autapomorphic. The transfer of two species from &quot;
<taxonomicName id="8D50ABE453242DC6E1B4BE91A02D1991" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Capanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capanea" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3111A274A442EE3C1409923BD00106A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Capanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; to
<taxonomicName id="AEFA1E27A20A34CCD8AAB64E02CAC913" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5AFEB2862F1219FB9D89DE6B046068A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well-supported, and combinations were made by
<bibRefCitation id="7688C4C00C9AD119977CC0E797720DB6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25065368" author="Roalson, EH" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="389 - 410" refId="B6" refString="Roalson, EH, Boggan, JK, Skog, LE, Zimmer, EA, 2005b. Untangling Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic datasets. Taxon 54 (2): 389 - 410, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25065368" title="Untangling Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic datasets." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25065368" volume="54" year="2005 b">Roalson et al. (2005b)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="E0ABC03D00BFDEE750890C28EC3160EC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25065368" author="Roalson, EH" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="389 - 410" refId="B6" refString="Roalson, EH, Boggan, JK, Skog, LE, Zimmer, EA, 2005b. Untangling Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic datasets. Taxon 54 (2): 389 - 410, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25065368" title="Untangling Gloxinieae (Gesneriaceae). I. Phylogenetic patterns and generic boundaries inferred from nuclear, chloroplast, and morphological cladistic datasets." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25065368" volume="54" year="2005 b">Roalson et al. (2005b)</bibRefCitation>
did not make a combination for
<taxonomicName id="B418E37305B778BD24848236D36C2988" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="0453EEF0F642D6D5F2A865A39A08862E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it was considered a heterotypic synonym of
<taxonomicName id="52799529754F34517ADAD0AD1A470A87" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="8144F549C4490979184209C2BD4C1448" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Examination of material in the field and in herbaria allowed us to recognize
<taxonomicName id="5C1DF6A56085F077AB140AEFBE14E643" lsidName="K. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="84629A0DC260091C1BE416DCA6BFAD89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="88FD0A69E228C0F134560672EB0FEF86" lsidName="K. andina" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="3EC5F3D48D1138C58A8EB0FF719CCA0B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as different species. Outlined here are characters to differentiate
<taxonomicName id="5C13F58DD8326B94C241DEAE67129909" lsidName="K. andina" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="471A919CAD8CE5D61E0A3761E4B72535" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="57A9F2AF8D672E411464ECA6F35B8109" lsidName="K. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="1DB0E277790F70C730193CA6A5FC7818" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Table
<tableCitation id="2191BA3049445AE3AEAB6C2E56F468C4" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological differences and general distribution of Kohleria affinis and K. andina." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6773835BB260881B85C5B2D1963ECC66" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="6773835BB260881B85C5B2D1963ECC66">1</tableCitation>
for a summary of the characters that are discussed below).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6773835BB260881B85C5B2D1963ECC66" ID-Table-UUID="6773835BB260881B85C5B2D1963ECC66" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6773835BB260881B85C5B2D1963ECC66" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph id="C2AE01DADBFB09E186AE4B72B74C31E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="737FE8707391132D5A95A1AD837EDC34" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphological differences and general distribution of
<taxonomicName id="7F08D571492E125EBAE169C8342D37B1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="768E72F78DA4B8FD110BDC5E1A452EA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="70E37C1799F6439AE301288941EC0ADC" lsidName="K. andina" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="5C542C0D35D88B2DCE154DE802346BE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="767FA56BF520798AD367D816E826BBAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<table id="F708479D609A5B712CCB064794E34FBF" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<tr id="B21C280AFB5000078822B4A7A656D259" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<th id="85A9386EDEAC75E17D9382182D277596" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th id="F42870E9035738A8CE24D7D24C96EB3D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="73132E7AEC2519D874E9906201D7AF8F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="79553977CFA9740A4B7D675DB036A558" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fritsch) Roalson &amp; Boggan
</th>
<th id="6745D45968AB69C9C494E9FC99514702" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="83CDAEBC7675DDB2B5AB1470E0B73B7D" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="3E260F8048A3A886E7503FFFCB3DF371" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fritsch) J.L. Clark &amp; Jost
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="6B2F2A26B3036C853BA29393AC9CFB26" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td id="349C97AC8852D2EBEF4014283A1D68E7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">Corolla tube shape</td>
<td id="EB0100E0453668E3F622F04004CA7ABF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">usually narrow, rarely broad (Colombia)</td>
<td id="4E3EC1B40DF6648FE99E01AAB351E396" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">broad</td>
</tr>
<tr id="646F8AA1098943006DC2E5B02DB971D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td id="E73861D9337A70169C611009A8423D0D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">Corolla tube color</td>
<td id="EBB8A8EC4611B6439F58B0BB6696D528" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">dark red to bright purple</td>
<td id="B765FFB2544F922BFF84AA8266EF1524" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">white</td>
</tr>
<tr id="EC6750B83DA94B57AA1C3E759B5013D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td id="3845EE86BFA7E07F7251210355006EE1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">Corolla tube trichome color</td>
<td id="77F56C7D8BC26B18E18363820CD0D59C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">transparent</td>
<td id="D49DC92972229B287C5AFCF0C0F049C2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">yellow</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B4A5932F6426519A3F97C394B753068E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td id="7CD6ED55CBD52C8BFB7358A391DE5ED9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">Corolla tube length</td>
<td id="05ADB92F77920E4460D3DE2447EE2CCF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">3-6 cm</td>
<td id="5927BB7923C144E707B34E9CC6F79EBD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">&lt;3.5 cm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C59B40327E38FDFD7287F55BB22E45E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td id="927B9FF159A21E691679D562F7964D4C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">Peduncle and pedicel trichome color</td>
<td id="AC010B17A92C6C6FBCBEC433B6E1A834" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">transparent</td>
<td id="6B252AC1C72F36D725709D1E44F6D84B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">purple</td>
</tr>
<tr id="376A7ABA7BAA4959B0A238C4ED06A605" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td id="2050BAB831B20BD3F69CC3E76E95C5CB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">Distribution</td>
<td id="B48A78AFCD441EFFA472A7CE1DD6EE96" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">widespread in Colombia, Ecuador, and northern Peru</td>
<td id="4D36810A9D0AA6ABA66C75C3FA34576D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">endemic to the Ecuadorian province of Tungurahua)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BBBAF4FEF5FCB6A1A5EC2E7604FEEAB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Another feature that defines the clade previously recognized as &quot;
<taxonomicName id="3DB37BC4653418140C48372DC5F591B1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Capanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capanea" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C917E264211004C424C9CD59A07DBF78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Capanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; is the presence of resupinate flowers via a twisted pedicel. The androecium and gynoecium are located in the lower region of the corolla tube (Fig.
<figureCitation id="788CC7D8248BD15FB2AE56D8A777735E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Kohleria affinis (Fritsch) Roalson &amp; Boggan A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A Clark et al. 7698 B Clark s. n. C Clark et al. 12979 D Clark et al. 15845). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564817" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">1B, C</figureCitation>
and Fig.
<figureCitation id="CE4446B98F8FE73501D572A252A8F265" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Kohleria andina (Fritsch) J. L. Clark &amp; Jost A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A-D Clark et al. 7750). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564818" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">2B, C</figureCitation>
). In contrast, all other
<taxonomicName id="EAC9BE3E03A7AA8281AE7300F53DB060" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6E047759079FB37F0434F725E629F4CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and closely related genera have the androecium and gynoecium in the upper region of the corolla tube.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B87A7A989A14CCBFAF3B0AB994DD885B" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564817" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="A40FDA2AEF2FD7D449AED4C129AAE1EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="5E02553B2880854F82DF1CE44D5066BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F689A686847D9FBF17906A0B55D11C06" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="D14E5370D8CE422A83B593270B3DF3AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fritsch) Roalson &amp; Boggan
<emphasis id="1E51A7D395A41281015F00E6ECDAE71F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
lateral view of flower
<emphasis id="9FACBEA007F36F3FEB33207DA8A82DA9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
female phase of mature flower
<emphasis id="F6E46DE2D8BF0BF8BD95D7D1BE8DFCDF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
male phase of mature flower
<emphasis id="74E556A2FA12932860E1665139F4031B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
habit (
<emphasis id="F29FA5EFEC3E64D59C2BB80AC11C813D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0E6E4CFCA05E85822EFE6CFF937CCC22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Clark et al. 7698</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A3EC092B7F6173194738A809C1BCBEDB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9A80F6FD673BADBCA250E4BFA8FC914F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Clark s.n</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="9F391E0C4230C7C365DFBB3A717EA008" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
<emphasis id="9ED23F77B63E3D53BF3DC7B58ED9B36A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Clark et al. 12979</emphasis>
<emphasis id="DCE2336C4D252953A678E35C06553D88" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="558E4DB95FA12AB8B5117ACD8E1BD74C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Clark et al. 15845</emphasis>
). Photos by J.L. Clark.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AF61949200B3725ADD3316166E44FEBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
The flowers of
<taxonomicName id="E6C81B361DB5812B604D3BB8E5AD481A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="62FC0FF02027FED5F24C15436B0EB988" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are often photographed because of their conspicuous clusters of brightly colored purple-red corolla tubes with contrasting green lobes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DD3E29F428279640A1CF7D1A09B296E3" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Kohleria affinis (Fritsch) Roalson &amp; Boggan A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A Clark et al. 7698 B Clark s. n. C Clark et al. 12979 D Clark et al. 15845). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564817" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">1</figureCitation>
). It is common to see individuals with 50+ pendent flowers, especially in abandoned cow pastures or recently cleared forests. Herbarium specimens do not preserve floral colors and most corollas dry uniformly black. Thus, corolla colors are challenging to determine on dried herbarium specimens unless noted by collectors in the descriptions. Use of field-based images, review of taxonomic literature, and examination of type specimens provided information for re-assessing the circumscription of
<taxonomicName id="1749B27B35FBC94B25F1FA5B90CCA483" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="52012DBBE26F39AF8E6ABF7480241984" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2E293E34D792D1162314E0FF79F98E9E" lsidName="K. andina" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="B59E84B4AB0CB771BDAEFBD56DEBE71A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7BB2914FA740427DED972C9DF8C6C421" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
The corolla tube of
<taxonomicName id="6DEF8AA4B3BD1CA83E9646BCC2E3F227" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="53095B081A6FE92465F2DA19A775FAFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is white, but appears bright yellow from dense tomentose yellow trichomes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F4A934ABAF1288149D7E4B1CC3186855" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Kohleria andina (Fritsch) J. L. Clark &amp; Jost A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A-D Clark et al. 7750). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564818" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">2</figureCitation>
). In contrast, the corolla tube of
<taxonomicName id="308DA45168A40E6A86A3FE4E212F082A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="2766DCD47A2E2E4C8D9154E7FB78A121" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dark red to bright purple (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5B6EC3C2B273D3F54D0195005D25A4F4" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Kohleria affinis (Fritsch) Roalson &amp; Boggan A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A Clark et al. 7698 B Clark s. n. C Clark et al. 12979 D Clark et al. 15845). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564817" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">1</figureCitation>
). The corolla tube in most
<taxonomicName id="3D5535B8EC7BF9B8C3AE5A7D49DD71BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B1EF9877EDD9E5E85934996587C6BA0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is narrow, but some populations from Colombia are broad. The corolla tube of
<taxonomicName id="D5680FB3C4E6E16309FFABEFE78F5AA1" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="7D62B1DA41A140C507B73C62A76F117D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is consistently broad. Corolla length in
<taxonomicName id="D4A800FDEE526A1BF84363A3563410D5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="948F9A5BA103480E582F166598DC4570" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highly variable and ranges from 3 to 6 cm. In contrast, the corolla tubes of
<taxonomicName id="11EEE4ABF2A45E5C6A069290BDE71F07" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="1DDD2EDA6B8A72B501779FAC16152614" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are usually less than 3.5 cm long. Both species have bright green corolla lobes that contrast with dark purple spots on the inner surface (Figs
<figureCitation id="178AE9DB49AFE9473D6FC4D864FBC223" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Kohleria affinis (Fritsch) Roalson &amp; Boggan A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A Clark et al. 7698 B Clark s. n. C Clark et al. 12979 D Clark et al. 15845). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564817" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A95445AFC32AA9F44591B0EC889E7312" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Kohleria andina (Fritsch) J. L. Clark &amp; Jost A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A-D Clark et al. 7750). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564818" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="9862EF0916235A7EBB808867558C0AC7" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564818" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="0B589B0D498654C832BC3ADA50B7EB9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis id="FBB5EB362C314EA75C337F3FAAC7C140" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3153E24A8334ADFE6D41E92B6C44BA86" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="5086F1BC823CC002835C35B8E3F4E995" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fritsch) J.L. Clark &amp; Jost
<emphasis id="3C134932C5E385E6D67EBB4A4BE8AE92" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
lateral view of flower
<emphasis id="2FCBA53D691B4BDE4959F6603AE7F434" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
female phase of mature flower
<emphasis id="36104A0D1433E19C5025859FD8C89E14" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
male phase of mature flower
<emphasis id="46F5F3E6161A4C6C6BD76538E0C194CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
habit (
<emphasis id="15C2CC0CD3744346762230D99E9CF301" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A-D</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1CFE57E0D1156F21C43C3017B1A214A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Clark et al. 7750</emphasis>
). Photos by J.L. Clark.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E184EE6096F99B8550135B8480D47A1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
An additional character useful for differentiating
<taxonomicName id="83DE63C55439170087F59901391C7772" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="006B507940EC22D2A6D0137E25B3C831" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="C192EA42030D7127AB9BD5559D1F6BA1" lsidName="K. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="2845F835A4BAB87B862B87FA9117C43E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the presence of dark red-purple trichomes on the peduncles and pedicels (Fig.
<figureCitation id="342D2F7D3D79A5E18C12CEC7E4833764" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Kohleria andina (Fritsch) J. L. Clark &amp; Jost A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A-D Clark et al. 7750). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564818" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">2A, D</figureCitation>
). The red-purple trichomes on the peduncles were noted by
<bibRefCitation id="C82F6DC0D30311FD2723FEE21FC62312" author="Fritsch, K" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="392 - 439" refId="B3" refString="Fritsch, K, 1913. Gesneriaceae. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gesnerioideae. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 50: 392 - 439" title="Gesneriaceae. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gesnerioideae." volume="50" year="1913">Fritsch (1913</bibRefCitation>
: page 432) in the protologue, &quot;Pedunculi axillares elongati purpureo-villosi.&quot; In contrast, the peduncles in
<taxonomicName id="0370FC4B1C9B083CA1513448A05AD634" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="9411EB620D6878AB1C311B74FB038A53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are sparsely pilose and appear green due to transparent trichomes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6982F54E489C00372979E8D8C054D2C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName id="888036694401CBFEC659642EB34A5A1B" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="B77EA31A49F834611D9A4E7CD8DF6F53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="181FFBFC9432200B80D352461BD42102" lsidName="K. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="28D8B415C2EAD38F2ADE7427F36329BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are geographically separated by elevation.
<taxonomicName id="E35D394FC5EEC8F4256D3F4166C9C761" lsidName="K. andina" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="60412B286D6A35CCFB08A47BF6286699" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to elevations above 2500 meters on the western Andean slopes (Cordillera Oriental) in the Tungurahua province of Ecuador. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="172F94EB76F29CF3DE43873B1FCF633B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="88F9B50FB6E0EC941ECDBD7624A74B7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread in the northern Andes of Colombia (Antioquia,
<normalizedToken id="96F606D18DCEEB6A75A5BE7C65144A50" originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
, Caldas,
<normalizedToken id="A271D9943478F732FEADB04336859784" originalValue="Caquetá">Caqueta</normalizedToken>
, Cauca,
<normalizedToken id="CEFAB52F09841FF47AED5DED580CBA2F" originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
, Cundimarca, Huila,
<normalizedToken id="6540081E7891F8FDD1C69A49700A54B4" originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
, Putumayo,
<normalizedToken id="E69FE0E02C64A2741D86EA920A4D1153" originalValue="Quindío">Quindio</normalizedToken>
, Risaralda, and Valle del Cauca), Ecuador (Azuay,
<normalizedToken id="982E0E8C518A27B3AC31EA9AA96C4893" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Esmeraldas, Imbabura, Loja, Napo, Pichincha, Santo Doingo, Tungurahua, and Zamora-Chinchipe), and northern Peru (Amazonas and Cajamarca). The
<normalizedToken id="1009D1D526AED3028F5295816AE8E589" originalValue="authors’">authors'</normalizedToken>
field work from the upper slopes of Tungurahua, an active volcano in the western Andean slopes of the Cordillera Oriental, revealed little overlap.
<taxonomicName id="8B3828F7787E969480D038335A7A2F5B" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="A79132C6C444D54F979C8BE6CFCEBA5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is locally endemic to elevations above 2500 meters and
<taxonomicName id="B1D6E6E5FAB659732D1FC64DF1D161A8" lsidName="K. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="21B939ED5B42E8CDCA92A87A6F455ED6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread and located in forests below 2500 meters. Intermediate forms were not found here, indicating that these two forms are geographically separated by elevation and supported as different biological species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9714123604594FC1D46DA1C883AD5023" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="lectotypification">
<paragraph id="F93A181A11029BF46E01AD21B0CD3687" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Lectotypification.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0BA2407FF9EFDE416BFBFC08F0F91A5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Syntypes are from two distinct localities:
<emphasis id="A1F13D6F3F1D6B710552CCF1904B9B60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F.C. Lehmann 4869</emphasis>
(F0060498) from Colombia and
<emphasis id="8B0CAFCEE6003C39BE7AF358C1E7C846" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">R. Spruce 5178</emphasis>
from K (K000395097) from Tungurahua, Ecuador. The specimen of
<emphasis id="1D747B970F71F5FD5A3C7E03E3DDB12C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F.C. Lehmann 4869</emphasis>
(F) is more similar to the widespread
<taxonomicName id="5A1286919C27486F34B3913FF303BCC3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria affinis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="E51BE1516AF99D80674435786AEEF628" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimen of
<emphasis id="9DAF8800B594F5EC144B281F14BBA3B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">R. Spruce 5178</emphasis>
from (K) is similar to the locally endemic
<taxonomicName id="2135337C347418935BE193549708C092" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Jost" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Kohleria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kohleria andina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="4046CEC7377182E75595E25B5264FC3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Kohleria andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is designated as the lectotype to stabilize this species concept. According to
<bibRefCitation id="82F0E232424A1CC26F70B0C35F2BD271" author="Fritsch, K" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="392 - 439" refId="B3" refString="Fritsch, K, 1913. Gesneriaceae. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gesnerioideae. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 50: 392 - 439" title="Gesneriaceae. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gesnerioideae." volume="50" year="1913">Fritsch (1913)</bibRefCitation>
, Richard Spruce cites Tunguarahua as a locality and the specimens have characters that are congruent with the Tungurahua populations featured in the images here (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A374040BD63006A7EB305EE42031F883" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Kohleria andina (Fritsch) J. L. Clark &amp; Jost A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A-D Clark et al. 7750). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564818" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">2</figureCitation>
). The lectotype has a corolla that is wide and more ampliate (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B77BC8F8F300B8290F3B786133625DAB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Kohleria andina (Fritsch) J. L. Clark &amp; Jost A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A-D Clark et al. 7750). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564818" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">2</figureCitation>
) relative to the narrower corolla tube of
<taxonomicName id="BF74F6C6FA5C2059C9BF2715BBB1496D" lsidName="K. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B19CB940C1D54F1A4D02E10CD586805D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="3C0C792202CFF6FE8F3C4EBBE561FDB5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Kohleria affinis (Fritsch) Roalson &amp; Boggan A lateral view of flower B female phase of mature flower C male phase of mature flower D habit (A Clark et al. 7698 B Clark s. n. C Clark et al. 12979 D Clark et al. 15845). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.179.65990.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564817" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">1</figureCitation>
). An additional character that is congruent with material from the type locality and the lectotype (
<emphasis id="C0C9FC70879425A9C1B592DA95EE5B89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">R. Spruce 5178</emphasis>
) is the presence of dark red trichomes on the peduncles and pedicels. In contrast, the peduncle and pedicel trichomes on
<emphasis id="0089A92DAF09B85E0A1625B59BF8D09E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F.C. Lehmann 4869</emphasis>
are transparent and more similar to
<taxonomicName id="A16720572C418B46442C548B6756C97F" lsidName="K. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="DBE70926C5B420C48C6F8BAE4992C19F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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