249 lines
37 KiB
XML
249 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="77249F7620E9EF29F90679B444F1C81B" ID-CLB-Dataset="24000" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4735.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffaf3b73-8bfe-499d-9073-0ce8c104e078" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3670762" ID-ZooBank="BD52DF91-3A7E-46FB-8975-38A67BFBBD61" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581952963911" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lonsdale, Owen" docDate="2020" docId="BD15296C6A61FF99FF1AFAE8D952A4D2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4735.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4735 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Somatiidae Hendel 1935" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="412C51146A7CFF86FF8DFFD5D855A559" masterDocTitle="Family groups of Diopsoidea and Nerioidea (Diptera: Schizophora) - Definition, history and relationships" masterLastPageNumber="177" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698783921049" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="FF88908A5E08C41EA3B4AE692D727AD7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6D59F9B7529ECDF8E7788ABA9B212B16">
|
||
<mods:title id="1542A6F485E420C73822B6FA3E630D52">Family groups of Diopsoidea and Nerioidea (Diptera: Schizophora) - Definition, history and relationships</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="E75A16276BF864276A34616612572998" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C7C7648B1F66A4011822EFD2C6B2959B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6B9BFA014EB673D8833D8344C8093FAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9A1EB95E4CA5BEF4781033B5D5D8A91E">Lonsdale, Owen</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="DBD88D1D9CF9CA103B1EBE68F4C77CD6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="B1F3FFEAEB181D6B683B7D8A130A050C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="69CC30EF12C04868FC01E408E3CE217C">
|
||
<mods:title id="81D9DBE6C6A8B20D741A64D84E108582">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="5E315D4D6BCEF41B104DA11A4A5EB3FA">
|
||
<mods:date id="BC579346F3B89085C39EF4CB324F64C5">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="EF203BFBDB0B2B8051E1FDFA53BCBE57" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="6CCEFA8EF51AD6846B9386B4110613B1">2020-02-17</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A2BD7BF9585C62DD56DE4E0FF6EBA5A2" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="53334D5C92FD24B2DA148916F7C23C41">4735</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FB3BD59649E209A7A90898796B184BEC" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="DF998C3F87D368788C165C368806BF41">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="6933F8464DBC7926D4BAC2BECFBC6DEB" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="6A9438D3681FF7B57908AD274520BE21">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="C14FDB3B29330D745C6D06815D6EED43">177</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="877089166A453F57E180F8634D3E01EE">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B247A9C8225EC9EADDD37B36B46B786D" type="CLB-Dataset">24000</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8D326B12F34285D26E041CE3B2AA506C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4735.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F835C47F493C29ECF589BCDF1DD64146" type="GBIF-Dataset">ffaf3b73-8bfe-499d-9073-0ce8c104e078</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B380F1B90D638282CAE628BFEA45805A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4A3E901B753AFF1CAE5AF8CDD4A4B342" type="Zenodo-Dep">3670762</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="604604132DE2CAEE2E2BC84C042E5DD3" type="ZooBank">BD52DF91-3A7E-46FB-8975-38A67BFBBD61</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="BD15296C6A61FF99FF1AFAE8D952A4D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3679570" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162147173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3679570" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD15296C6A61FF99FF1AFAE8D952A4D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD15296C6A61FF99FF1AFAE8D952A4D2" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DA6CBF16A61FF9BFF1AFAE8D99BA00E" box="[151,462,1341,1367]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A61FF9BFF1AFAE8D99BA00E" blockId="29.[151,462,1341,1403]" box="[151,462,1341,1367]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<heading id="6E4B2F166A61FF9BFF1AFAE8D99BA00E" bold="true" box="[151,462,1341,1367]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFF1AFAE8D99BA00E" ID-CoL="626Z6" ID-ENA="286516" authority="Hendel, 1935" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,462,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFF1AFAE8D99BA00E" bold="true" box="[151,462,1341,1367]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Somatiidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFEA6FAE8D99BA00E" author="Hendel, F." box="[299,462,1341,1367]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="51 - 57" refId="ref82787" refString="Hendel, F. (1935) Bemerkungen zu " The families and genera of North-American Diptera " by C. H. Curran, New York 1934. Konowia, 14, 51 - 57." type="journal article" year="1935">Hendel, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DA6CBF16A61FF9BFF1AFAB4D9E6A022" box="[151,435,1376,1403]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A61FF9BFF1AFAB4D9E6A022" blockId="29.[151,462,1341,1403]" box="[151,435,1376,1403]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD8784FF6A61FF9BFF12FAB4D975A022" box="[159,288,1376,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 62–70" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1796,1821]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,179,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,174,1777]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 62–70. Figs 62–64: Nothybus biguttatus Wulp (Nothybidae), female abdomen; 62: segment 7 to cercus, ventral; 63: same, dorsal; 64: internal genitalia. Figs 65–66: Somatia aestiva (Fabricius), female abdomen; 65: segment 7 to cerci; 66: internal genitalia. Figs 67–70: Gobrya sp., female abdomen; 67: segment 6 to cerci, dorsal; 68: same, right lateral; 69: same, ventral; 70: spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670780/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 65–66</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD8784FF6A61FF9BFEA1FAB4D921A022" box="[300,372,1377,1403]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 71–77" captionStart-1="FIGURES 78–81" captionStartId-0="102.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionStartId-1="103.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,174,1777]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1430,187,1768]" captionTargetId-0="figure@102.[151,1436,174,1780]" captionTargetId-1="figure@103.[151,1436,174,1780]" captionTargetPageId-0="102" captionTargetPageId-1="103" captionText-0="FIGURES 71–77. Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Somatiidae); 71: female dorsal; 72: same, lateral; 73: head, anterolateral; 74: female head, anterior; 75: same, dorsal; 76: head, posterior; 77: lateral." captionText-1="FIGURES 78–81. Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Somatiidae), male abdomen; 78: ventral; 79: terminalia, left lateral; 80: same, posterior; 81: ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670782" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670784" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3670782/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3670784/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">71–80</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD8784FF6A61FF9BFE0DFAB4D9FEA022" box="[384,427,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 395–402" captionStartId="146.[151,264,1508,1533]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@146.[151,1436,174,1489]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURES 395–402. Wings; 395: Belobackenbardia cornicula Shatalkin (Psilidae), female paratype; 396: Chyliza notata Loew (Psilidae); 397: Psila hennigi (Thompson & Pont) (Psilidae); 398: Loxocera cylindrica Say (Psilidae); 399: Nothybus longicollis (Walker) (Nothybidae); 400: N. biguttatus Wulp; 401: Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Somatiidae); 402: Gobrya sp. (Gobryidae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670874/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">401</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DA6CBF16A61FF9BFF1AFA70DBDAA085" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A61FF9BFF1AFA70DBDAA085" blockId="29.[151,1437,1444,1500]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFF1AFA70D94FA0E4" bold="true" box="[151,282,1445,1469]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA0726D86A61FF9BFF1AFA70D899A0E4" box="[151,204,1445,1469]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFEACFA73DA6CA0E4" ID-CoL="7JLB" authority="Schiner 1868: 245" authorityName="Schiner" authorityPageNumber="245" authorityYear="1868" box="[289,569,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" genus="Somatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFEACFA73D921A0E4" box="[289,372,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Somatia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFEF6FA71DA6CA0E4" author="Schiner, I. R." box="[379,569,1444,1469]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref94093" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge), Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2 (1). B. K. Gerold's Sohn, Wien, vi + 388 pp., 4 pls." type="book" year="1868">Schiner 1868: 245</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFDE8FA71DB71A0E4" author="Hendel, F." box="[613,804,1444,1469]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="51 - 57" refId="ref82787" refString="Hendel, F. (1935) Bemerkungen zu " The families and genera of North-American Diptera " by C. H. Curran, New York 1934. Konowia, 14, 51 - 57." type="journal article" year="1935">Hendel (1935: 56)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFCA2FA70DC75A0E4" bold="true" box="[815,1056,1444,1469]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA0726D86A61FF9BFCA2FA70DB31A0E4" box="[815,868,1445,1469]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of genus:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFBAAFA73D8B8A085" ID-CoL="6YSZC" authority="Schiner, 1868: 246" authorityName="Schiner" authorityPageNumber="246" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" genus="Somatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthomelas">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFBAAFA73DD54A0E4" box="[1063,1281,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Somatia xanthomelas</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFA84FA71D8B8A085" author="Schiner, I. R." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref94093" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge), Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2 (1). B. K. Gerold's Sohn, Wien, vi + 388 pp., 4 pls." type="book" year="1868">Schiner, 1868: 246</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFE87FA11DAD8A085" authority="Fabricius, 1805: 318" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="318" authorityYear="1805" box="[266,653,1475,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFE87FA11D9E7A085" box="[266,434,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Tephritis aestiva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFE35FA16DAD8A085" author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[440,653,1475,1500]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="15 - 372" refId="ref80432" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1805) Systema antliatorum: secundum ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae (= Brunswick), xiv + 15 - 372 + (1) + 30 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15806" type="book chapter" year="1805">Fabricius, 1805: 318</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], by original designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DA6CBF16A61FF9BFF1AF9DFDBC8A335" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A61FF9BFF1AF9DFDBC8A335" blockId="29.[151,1437,1546,2041]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFF1AF9DFD940A37D" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,277,1546,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Somatiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small family of seven morphologically similar Neotropical species in the single genus
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFA8FF9DEDD31A37C" box="[1282,1380,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFA8FF9DEDD34A37C" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1868" box="[1282,1377,1547,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" genus="Somatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Somatia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFF5DF9FAD96FA311" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[208,314,1583,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFF5DF9FAD96FA311" box="[208,314,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. aestiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(F.) encountered with relative frequency. The genus was first keyed and then catalogued by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFAB0F9FBD8BDA335" author="Steyskal, G. C." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="255 - 257" refId="ref96499" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1968 c) The genus Somatia Schiner, II. (Diptera: Somatiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 70, 255 - 257." type="journal article" year="1968">
|
||
Steyskal (1968
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFF56F987D8BDA335" author="Steyskal, G. C." box="[219,232,1618,1644]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="2" refId="ref96536" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1970 a) 94. Family Somatiidae In: Papavero, N., (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo, pp. 2." type="book chapter" year="1970">c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1970a), and later reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFDC5F987DBCDA335" author="Lonsdale, O. & McAlpine, D. K." box="[584,920,1618,1644]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="833 - 835" refId="ref86491" refString="Lonsdale, O. & McAlpine, D. K. (2010) 59: Somatiidae. In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zum- bado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 833 - 835." type="book chapter" year="2010">Lonsdale & McAlpine (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DA6CBF16A61FF9BFF4AF9A0DA46A2D5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A61FF9BFF4AF9A0DC5DA230" blockId="29.[151,1437,1546,2041]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFF4AF9A0D972A3C9" bold="true" box="[199,295,1653,1680]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFEBDF9A3D9BDA3C8" author="Marshall, S. A." box="[304,488,1654,1681]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref87390" refString="Marshall, S. A. (2006) Insects: Their natural history and diversity: With a photographic guide to insects of eastern North America. Firefly Books Ltd., Richmond Hill, ntario, 736 pp." type="book" year="2006">Marshall (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first observed adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFD5AF9A2DB66A3C8" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1868" box="[727,819,1655,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" genus="Somatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFD5AF9A2DB66A3C8" box="[727,819,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Somatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on a dead caterpillar. Species have also been observed at the extrafloral nectaries of several plants.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFC8FF94FDC54A3ED" author="Carvalho-Filho, F. S." box="[770,1025,1690,1716]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="54 - 56" refId="ref77658" refString="Carvalho-Filho, F. S. (2017) Aggregation of Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Diptera: Somatiidae) on leaves of Solanum stramonifolium Jacq. EntomoBrasilis, 10 (1), 54 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.12741 / ebrasilis. v 10 i 1.657" type="journal article" year="2017">Carvalho-Filho (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found numerous specimens feeding on the underside of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFEF9F96BDB0BA380" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[372,862,1726,1753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stramonifolium">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFEF9F96BDAD2A381" box="[372,647,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Solanum stramonifolium</emphasis>
|
||
Jacq. (Solanaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves, as well as one specimen “licking the calyx” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFF35F937DB66A3A4" authority="(Kunth) Miers" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1863" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[184,819,1762,1789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pleonotoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jasminifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFF35F937D99AA3A5" box="[184,463,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pleonotoma jasminifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Kunth) Miers (Bignoniaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The author speculated that extra-floral nectaries may explain the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFE10F8D2D9ACA278" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1868" box="[413,505,1799,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" genus="Somatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFE10F8D2D9ACA278" box="[413,505,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Somatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens on other plants mentioned in the literature, including legumes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFABDF8D3D881A21D" author="Marshall, S. A." pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref87553" refString="Marshall, S. A. (2012) Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Firefly Books Ltd., Richmond Hill, Ontario, 616 pp." type="book" year="2012">Marshall, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFF65F8FFD99EA21D" author="Hespenheide, H. A." box="[232,459,1833,1860]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="191 - 204" refId="ref83638" refString="Hespenheide, H. A. (1985) Insect visitors to extrafloral nectaries of Byttneria aculeata (Sterculiacea): relative importance of roles. Ecological Entomology, 10, 191 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1985. tb 00548. x" type="journal article" year="1985">Hespenheide (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFD0CF8FEDA88A21C" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1868" box="[641,733,1835,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" genus="Somatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFD0CF8FEDA88A21C" box="[641,733,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Somatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“are common visitors at extrafloral nectaries of other plants”, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A61FF9BFF4AF89BD92BA230" author="Grimaldi, D. A." box="[199,382,1870,1897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref82095" refString="Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Familia Somatiidae. Available from: http: // www. inbio. ac. cr / papers / insectoscr / Texto 125. html (accessed 14 August 2017)" type="url" year="2016">Grimaldi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFE40F89ADA7CA230" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1868" box="[461,553,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" genus="Somatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFE40F89ADA7CA230" box="[461,553,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Somatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at nectaries of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A61FF9BFD5EF89BDC50A230" box="[723,1029,1870,1897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFD5EF89BDB13A231" box="[723,838,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Passiflora</emphasis>
|
||
(Passifloraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A61FF9BFF4AF8A7DA46A2D5" blockId="29.[151,1437,1546,2041]" box="[199,531,1906,1932]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFF4AF8A7D9C3A2D5" bold="true" box="[199,406,1906,1932]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Immature stages.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DA6CBF16A61FF99FF4AF840D952A4D2" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A61FF98FF4AF840D953A4D2" blockId="29.[151,1437,1546,2041]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A61FF9BFF4AF840D9C5A2E9" bold="true" box="[199,400,1941,1968]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Adult Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Relatively small to medium-sized yellow and black species with stout thorax and broad, downturned abdomen. Antenna elbowed, first flagellomere elongate; pedicel with dorsal seam; arista bipectinate. Frons produced anteriorly as flat, widening plate. Outer vertical, fronto-orbital, ocellar and sometimes inner vertical setae absent; vibrissa small; postocellars convergent (divergent in other Diopsoidea). Postpronotal, proepisternal and katepisternal setae absent; notal setulae long and dense; one dorsocentral, one prescutellar acrostichal and one anepisternal seta; 2–3 pairs of scutellar setae on small tubercles; notopleural setae both closely set posteriorly. Mid tibia with three ventroapical setae. Back of head with strong dorsal semicircular carina and pronotum produced as short “neck”. Transverse suture complete. Suture between T1 and T2 medially crenulated. Precoxal bridge absent, postmetacoxal bridge present. Wing with alula and anal lobe weak; cells bm and cup long; costa with sc break; sc complete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A62FF98FF4AFE41D9B8A742" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A62FF98FF4AFE41D9DCA4F6" bold="true" box="[199,393,404,431]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Adult Definition</emphasis>
|
||
. Relatively small to medium-sized flies with a stout, bulging thorax and narrow “neck” (=pronotal collar) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD8784FF6A62FF98FEBEFE6CD9ECA48A" box="[307,441,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 71–77" captionStartId="102.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[151,1436,174,1780]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURES 71–77. Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Somatiidae); 71: female dorsal; 72: same, lateral; 73: head, anterolateral; 74: female head, anterior; 75: same, dorsal; 76: head, posterior; 77: lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670782/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs 71–77</figureCitation>
|
||
); body length
|
||
<quantity id="F244359F6A62FF98FDECFE6DDAB1A48A" box="[609,740,440,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="4.35" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="3.5">3.5–5.2mm</quantity>
|
||
. Colour mostly yellow with contrasting black pattern, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A62FF98FA0AFE6CD96BA4AE" authority="Papavero" authorityName="Papavero" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Somatiidae" genus="Somatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanei">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A62FF98FA0AFE6CD89AA4AE" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. lanei</emphasis>
|
||
Papavero
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mostly dark; setae and setulae yellow with setae sometimes darker and abdominal setulae on brown pattern sometimes also darker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A62FF98FF4AFDF0D9F2A6B6" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A62FF98FF4AFDF0D912A766" box="[199,327,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
|
||
: 0–1 inner vertical; 0 outer vertical; 0 fronto-orbital; 0 ocellar; 1 postocellar (convergent); vibrissa small. 0 presutural intra-alars; 0 postpronotal; 2 posterior notopleurals (likely representing anterior and posterior setae); 2 posterior supra-alar (one sometimes duplicated on one or both sides); 1 posterior intra-alar; 1 dorsocentral; 1 acrostichal; 2–3 scutellars on minute tubercle; 0 proepisternal; 1 anepisternal; 0 katepisternal. Pedicel with small marginal setae including longer dorsal and ventral seta; frons densely setulose laterally (inclinate inner row and erect outer row, becoming more scattered anteriorly and posteriorly) and with broad, shining medial region; postocular setae short and in single row laterally, becoming longer, more numerous and scattered dorsally; back of head with longer ventromarginal setae. Setulae long, straight and dense on scutum and abdominal tergites, sometimes difficult to distinguish from short setae; scutellum with similar setulae that are paler, denser and shorter; pleuron with short to long erect setulae mostly restricted to anepisternum and katepisternum; posterior spiracle with several outstanding setae near posterior margin. Body glabrous with microsetulae restricted to metanotum and portions of pleuron, including katepimeron. Fore tibia sometimes with slightly pronounced ventroapical setula; mid tibia with three ventroapical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A62FF98FF4AFC2CDC84A1FA" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A62FF98FF4AFC2CD951A14A" box="[199,260,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Antenna elbowed, first flagellomere flat and relatively broad, length more than twice width (extending to lower margin of face); pedicel with dorsal seam; arista bipectinate. Frons produced anteriorly as flat widening plate covering base of antenna; ocelli near vertex. Face with shallow, wide ridge below antennal bases. Back of head flat above foramen with prominent semicircular carina (setulose dorsomedially). Clypeus broad, well-developed; palpus subcylindrical; labium with long apical processes and one or two pairs of subapical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A62FF98FF4AFB78DA4BA022" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A62FF98FF4AFB78D94DA19E" box="[199,280,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Large and bulging, including scutellum; with narrow pronotal collar; lateral corners of scutellum extended along margin of scutum as carinae. Transverse suture complete. Greater ampulla absent. Presternum vestigial. Anterior spiracle slit-like, oblique, in crease between bulging anepisternum and postpronotum. Katatergite flat. Metathorax with narrow, shallow subcylindrical extension meeting abdomen. Coxopleural streak present. Precoxal bridge absent; prosternum broad, flat along raised posterior margin and with shallow anteromedial point; postmetacoxal bridge high, well-developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A62FF98FF4AFA53DC78A352" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A62FF98FF4AFA53D954A0C6" box="[199,257,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD8784FF6A62FF98FE97FA50D929A0C6" box="[282,380,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURES 395–402" captionStartId="146.[151,264,1508,1533]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@146.[151,1436,174,1489]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURES 395–402. Wings; 395: Belobackenbardia cornicula Shatalkin (Psilidae), female paratype; 396: Chyliza notata Loew (Psilidae); 397: Psila hennigi (Thompson & Pont) (Psilidae); 398: Loxocera cylindrica Say (Psilidae); 399: Nothybus longicollis (Walker) (Nothybidae); 400: N. biguttatus Wulp; 401: Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Somatiidae); 402: Gobrya sp. (Gobryidae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670874/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 401</figureCitation>
|
||
) Wing slightly narrowed with anal lobe and alula reduced. Basal stripe, variably developed medial stripe and anterior and anterodistal margins dark brown. R
|
||
<subScript id="A9389A3F6A62FF98FCF2FA6FDBCCA091" attach="left" box="[895,921,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2+3</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="A9389A3F6A62FF98FC6AFA6FDBBAA091" attach="left" box="[999,1007,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1</subScript>
|
||
convergent apically. Apical section of M
|
||
<subScript id="A9389A3F6A62FF98FF3DFA0BD8EDA0B5" attach="left" box="[176,184,1502,1516]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4</subScript>
|
||
present or absent; M
|
||
<subScript id="A9389A3F6A62FF98FE24FA0BD9E4A0B5" attach="left" box="[425,433,1502,1516]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">4</subScript>
|
||
and CuA+CuP not reaching wing margin. Cells bm and cup long, exceeding apex of R
|
||
<subScript id="A9389A3F6A62FF98FA03FA0ADDC1A0B4" attach="left" box="[1422,1428,1503,1517]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">s</subScript>
|
||
; costa with sc break; sc complete. Calypter almost linear, hairs of moderate length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A62FF98FF4AF9C3DA57A30A" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A62FF98FF4AF9C3D8A9A376" box="[199,252,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Slender, shifted forward, with apices of coxae approximate; base of elongate fore coxa dorsally removed to ventrolateral margin of collar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A62FF98FF4AF988D97DA25E" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,2015]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A62FF98FF4AF988D964A32E" box="[199,305,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsum broadly dome-like with T2 largest; terminalia short, stout, much narrower and held under apex of abdomen; sternites much narrower, forming narrow medial line. T1 and T2 fused with suture complete, raised and with minute crenulations along posteromedial surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD8784FF6A62FF98FCFDF970DB94A3E6" box="[880,961,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURES 71–77" captionStartId="102.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1777]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[151,1436,174,1780]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURES 71–77. Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Somatiidae); 71: female dorsal; 72: same, lateral; 73: head, anterolateral; 74: female head, anterior; 75: same, dorsal; 76: head, posterior; 77: lateral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670782/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). T2 with broad anterolateral bulge. Spiracles
|
||
<quantity id="F244359F6A62FF98FE89F91CD91FA3BA" box="[260,330,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="15.24" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.0">1–6 in</quantity>
|
||
membrane; 7
|
||
<superScript id="C2C935326A62FF98FE6FF91DD9BAA38F" attach="left" box="[482,495,1736,1750]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">th</superScript>
|
||
spiracle in tergite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD8784FF6A62FF98FD4EF91CDB43A3BA" box="[707,790,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–81" captionStartId="103.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,187,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[151,1436,174,1780]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURES 78–81. Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Somatiidae), male abdomen; 78: ventral; 79: terminalia, left lateral; 80: same, posterior; 81: ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670784/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
|
||
). Following description of terminalia based on dissections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2BCE3F96A62FF98FF3BF938D974A25E" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" box="[182,289,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Tephritis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A62FF98FF3BF938D974A25E" box="[182,289,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. aestiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A62FF99FF4AF8C4DB74A58E" blockId="30.[151,1437,153,2015]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1436,153,395]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A62FF98FF4AF8C4D93BA272" box="[199,366,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD8784FF6A62FF98FE08F8C4DA5DA272" box="[389,520,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURES 78–81" captionStartId="103.[151,264,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[166,1430,187,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@103.[151,1436,174,1780]" captionTargetPageId="103" captionText="FIGURES 78–81. Somatia aestiva (Fabricius) (Somatiidae), male abdomen; 78: ventral; 79: terminalia, left lateral; 80: same, posterior; 81: ejaculatory apodeme." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670784/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs 78–80</figureCitation>
|
||
) S6 offset, nearly symmetrical. S7+8 dorsal, band-like, encompassing spiracles, slightly longer on left side. Epandrium semicircular and band-like, lateral margins meeting bases of asymmetrical surstyli that are sinuate and ventrally approximate (left surstylus treated as “postgonite” in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="512DE58B6A62FF98FB13F88CD8BBA2CE" author="Lonsdale, O. & McAlpine, D. K." pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="833 - 835" refId="ref86491" refString="Lonsdale, O. & McAlpine, D. K. (2010) 59: Somatiidae. In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zum- bado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 833 - 835." type="book chapter" year="2010">Lonsdale & McAlpine (2010))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Cerci broad, meeting medially, appearing as ventral setose bands on inflated, membranous perianal region; sclerotized band in membrane below cerci. Hypandrium, epiphallus, and gonites absent. Phallapodeme free within abdomen, articulating with fused basiphallus + distiphallus. Distiphallus, long, black, ribbon-like, partially coiled and exposed. Ejaculatory apodeme large with fan-like blade grading into basally narrow stem; sperm pump with large membranous fringe encompassing base of apodeme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3503987A6A63FF99FF4AFF34D952A4D2" blockId="31.[151,1436,153,395]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="07C844686A63FF99FF4AFF34D9DCA5A2" box="[199,393,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD8784FF6A63FF99FE2DFF34DA71A5A2" box="[416,548,224,251]" captionStart="FIGURES 62–70" captionStartId="101.[151,264,1796,1821]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,179,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@101.[151,1436,174,1777]" captionTargetPageId="101" captionText="FIGURES 62–70. Figs 62–64: Nothybus biguttatus Wulp (Nothybidae), female abdomen; 62: segment 7 to cercus, ventral; 63: same, dorsal; 64: internal genitalia. Figs 65–66: Somatia aestiva (Fabricius), female abdomen; 65: segment 7 to cerci; 66: internal genitalia. Figs 67–70: Gobrya sp., female abdomen; 67: segment 6 to cerci, dorsal; 68: same, right lateral; 69: same, ventral; 70: spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3670780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3670780/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 65–66</figureCitation>
|
||
) T7 and S7 fused into stout oviscape enclosing spiracles. T8 short and wide, wrapping around segment laterally; S8 subrectangular, wider than long. T10, S10 and cercus short, wide and broadly rounded. Spermatheca slightly more than two times longer than wide, subcylindrical with rounded ends, dark pigment and numerous minute papillae; ducts relatively short, not pigmented apically. Ventral receptacle short, flagellate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |