732 lines
82 KiB
XML
732 lines
82 KiB
XML
<document id="ACBAA06C924A4D25530A5FC48AF9E3F5" ID-CLB-Dataset="3281" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5072.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e9ae9776-d979-4681-b841-c6828de63728" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5728977" ID-ZooBank="460D6662-A08E-437E-B256-67FC8E24DB78" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1637913592057" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Poinar, George & Runyon, Justin B." docDate="2021" docId="BA3B87ABFFC6FFCC18D3F9F1FB3BFE84" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5072.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5072 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parasitylenchus myiophagus Poinar & Runyon 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="4602FFD3FFC7FFC41844FFBAFFC7FFC5" masterDocTitle="Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitylenchidae), a tylenchid nematode parasite of long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1699470342636" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1BC447A7C397F0E236569813FF9027B8">
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<mods:title id="FA1330E28E12DEE7590F5869A56EE8C9">Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitylenchidae), a tylenchid nematode parasite of long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="92AFD323182BE4D78946344666A8C4E1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DF3F9684CA58E62161A65A085B9DD145">
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<mods:roleTerm id="891246DBC95E8E0B63786AEC9C9F7844">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C718B8FB3A892FDFA34B280E90820B5B">Poinar, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E5354219E10F0F0E1EF3723898A1F305">Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BD9347E98046087C8FD972A46D0F9DF6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="59D920B0AC0562FB5FD20A0EEAACCEA5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E22B0A70047CB7696A68ACE85E06919F">Runyon, Justin B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="06382ADF33F3AB6C6D601F5C461772FE" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0271-0511</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="13FA28C68FBDB8E5112DACA61CD9CFFC">USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1648 S 7 th Ave, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA justin. runyon @ usda. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0271 - 0511</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="68B8727BB6293D47963E4C282DC9B142" type="email">justin.runyon@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="32EB16B00D3101D3064DA57A538C9DFB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="03424A312C438A09F1482819F76423B0">
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<mods:date id="1B9693958B025CEE405D7CD8FE03EAA5">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="01FBC3D5784A8AA0FF8592799AF5694F">2021-11-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="340455B9BB908AF9A70804C82282CEE7">5072</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="944CA3FF94E01E88B1D735EFEEBEDBFF">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F0982F2AAAEF8429773D3EF26CD1CA96">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="BA3B87ABFFC6FFCC18D3F9F1FB3BFE84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5729858" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190871752" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5729858" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA3B87ABFFC6FFCC18D3F9F1FB3BFE84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA3B87ABFFC6FFCC18D3F9F1FB3BFE84" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="7A886536FFC6FFC518D3F9F1FDFAF9A3" box="[151,573,1611,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC6FFC518D3F9F1FDFAF9A3" blockId="1.[151,573,1611,1674]" box="[151,573,1611,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="696581D1FFC6FFC518D3F9F1FDFAF9A3" bold="true" box="[151,573,1611,1638]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC518D3F9F1FDFAF9A3" bold="true" box="[151,573,1611,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC6FFC518D3F9F1FE34F9A3" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,499,1611,1638]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC518D3F9F1FE34F9A3" bold="true" box="[151,499,1611,1638]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC6FFC519BEF9F6FDFAF9A3" box="[506,573,1612,1638]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7A886536FFC6FFC618D3F9D5FC1FF9EE" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC6FFC518D3F9D5FEDEF94F" blockId="1.[151,573,1611,1674]" box="[151,281,1647,1674]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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(
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<figureCitation id="AAA92A38FFC6FFC518DBF9D5FED6F94F" box="[159,273,1647,1674]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2–3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURES 5–8" captionStart-4="FIGURES 9–12" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1230,1254]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1937,1961]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1161,1185]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,264,1773,1797]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,264,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox-0="[380,1209,181,1206]" captionTargetBox-1="[215,1374,1314,1889]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1431,181,1137]" captionTargetBox-3="[183,1435,1259,1750]" captionTargetBox-4="[213,1319,181,1750]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@3.[378,1209,181,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure-50@3.[191,1396,1314,1913]" captionTargetId-2="figure-27@4.[156,1431,181,1137]" captionTargetId-3="figure-51@4.[151,1435,1246,1750]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@5.[213,1374,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Male Tachytrechus sanus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) parasitized by Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. Arrow shows exposed portion of abdomen containing first and second generation adult nematodes. Scale bar: 1.4 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 2–3. First generation parasitic female of Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. 2. Female removed from the abdomen of Tachytrechus sanus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), arrow shows nerve ring. 3. Head, arrow shows tip of extended ovary with developing eggs, arrowhead shows stylet. Scale bars: 2 = 380 µm; 3 = 34 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Clusters containing eggs, developing juveniles and second generation adults of Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. Scale bar: 100 µm." captionText-3="FIGURES 5–8. Second generation parasitic Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. 5. Female. 6. Male, arrowhead shows stylet. 7. Spicules (arrows) of male. 8. Newly hatched second generation juvenile. Scale bars: 5 = 70 µm; 6 = 50 µm; 7 = 7 µm; 8 = 12 µm." captionText-4="FIGURES 9–12. Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. 9. Head of first generation parasitic female. 10. Head of male. 11. Male tail. 12. Tip of first generation parasitic female showing location of nerve ring. Abbreviations: B= bursa; N = nerve ring; O= tip of ovary; S= stylet; Sp = spicules; T= tip of testis. Scale bars: 9 = 64 µm; 10 = 25 µm; 11 = 10 µm; 12 = 58µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728979" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728981" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728983" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728985" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728987" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5728979/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5728981/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5728983/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5728985/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5728987/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Figs 1–12</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC6FFC518D3F90DFADEF8F8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1719,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC518D3F90DFE50F917" bold="true" box="[151,407,1719,1746]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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Description (
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<tableCitation id="7F100306FFC6FFC5196BF90DFE4FF914" box="[303,392,1719,1745]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,150,176]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological measurements of Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/66ED6635FFC5FFC618D3FF2CFBD5FF74" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="66ED6635FFC5FFC618D3FF2CFBD5FF74">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC519DAF902FCC9F914" box="[414,782,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">First generation parasitic female</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51B5AF902FCEBF914" box="[798,812,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">n</emphasis>
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= 1): Ovoviviparous, yellow, body ventrally coiled with 3 bends, filled with reproductive and gut cells; body length,
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<quantity id="F56A9B58FFC6FFC51B78F961FC52F933" box="[828,917,1755,1782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
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; greatest body width, 205
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51CF9F966FB0AF930" box="[1213,1229,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m; stylet thin, narrowing toward apex, lacking basal thickenings; stylet length, 26
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51B29F8BAFCBAF8DC" box="[877,893,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m; length head to nerve ring, 176
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51CB8F8BAFACBF8DC" box="[1276,1292,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m; length tip of intestine to tip of tail, 112
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51999F89EFE2AF8F8" box="[477,493,1828,1853]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m; excretory pore and anus not visible; vulva sub-terminal; tail rounded.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC6FFC51883F8FDFA4FF843" blockId="1.[151,1437,1719,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51883F8FDFD99F8A4" box="[199,606,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Second generation parasitic females</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51A2AF8F2FDBBF8A4" box="[622,636,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">n</emphasis>
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= 10): Ovoviviparous, body yellowish-brown, slightly curved but without bends; body mostly filled with reproductive and gut cells; body length, 370–400
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51C08F8D6FB9BF840" box="[1100,1116,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m; body width, 36–42
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51D1EF8D6FAADF840" box="[1370,1386,1900,1925]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC6FFC51883F835FACDF834" blockId="1.[151,1437,1719,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51883F835FD8EF86C" box="[199,585,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Second generation parasitic males</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51A1CF82AFDA1F86C" box="[600,614,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">n</emphasis>
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= 5): Body yellowish brown, slightly curved to straight (some individuals have a constriction near the tail tip); body length, 320–330
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51B60F80EFCF3F808" box="[804,820,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m; body width; 34–40
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51C6BF80EFBF8F808" box="[1071,1087,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m; distance tail tip from cloaca, 160
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC5188CF862FF1FF834" box="[200,216,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m; spicules paired, separate, length 12–16
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51AF2F862FD01F834" box="[694,710,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m; bursa faint, length 14
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC6FFC51B9BF862FC28F834" box="[991,1007,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">µ</emphasis>
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m; gubernaculum absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="66ED6635FFC5FFC618D3FF2CFBD5FF74" ID-Table-UUID="66ED6635FFC5FFC618D3FF2CFBD5FF74" box="[151,1042,150,177]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/66ED6635FFC5FFC618D3FF2CFBD5FF74" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" startId="2.[151,244,150,176]" targetBox="[166,1239,193,1505]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC5FFC618D3FF2CFBD5FF74" blockId="2.[151,1042,150,177]" box="[151,1042,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC618D3FF2CFED7FF75" bold="true" box="[151,272,150,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
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Morphological measurements of
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<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC5FFC61ACEFF2DFC0BFF74" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[650,972,151,177]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61ACEFF2DFC0BFF74" box="[650,972,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC5FFC61B90FF2DFBD5FF74" box="[980,1042,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC5FFC618E2FF7BFB6AFA24" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<table id="4092C41DFFC5003B18E2FF7BFB10FA24" box="[166,1239,193,1505]" gridcols="2" gridrows="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FF7BFB10FF1C" box="[166,1239,193,217]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<th id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FF7BFDC4FF1C" box="[166,515,193,217]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Character</th>
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<th id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FF7BFB10FF1C" box="[1109,1239,193,217]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Value</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FF53FB10FEC4" box="[166,1239,233,257]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FF53FB10FEC4" box="[166,1239,233,257]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">First generation parasitic female (N=1)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FEABFB10FEEC" box="[166,1239,273,297]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FEABFDC4FEEC" box="[166,515,273,297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Length</td>
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<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FEABFB10FEEC" box="[1109,1239,273,297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">5.4 mm</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FE83FB10FE94" box="[166,1239,313,337]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FE83FDC4FE94" box="[166,515,313,337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Width</td>
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<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FE83FB10FE94" box="[1109,1239,313,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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205
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CC6FE80FB56FE94" box="[1154,1169,314,337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FED8FB10FEBF" box="[166,1239,354,378]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FED8FDC4FEBF" box="[166,515,354,378]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">L/W ratio</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FED8FB10FEBF" box="[1109,1239,354,378]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">26.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FE30FB10FE67" box="[166,1239,394,418]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FE30FDC4FE67" box="[166,515,394,418]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Stylet length</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FE30FB10FE67" box="[1109,1239,394,418]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
26
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61C31FE31FB43FE67" box="[1141,1156,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FE08FB10FE0F" box="[166,1239,434,458]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FE08FDC4FE0F" box="[166,515,434,458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Length head to nerve ring</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FE08FB10FE0F" box="[1109,1239,434,458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
176
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CC6FE09FB56FE0F" box="[1154,1169,435,458]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FE60FB10FE36" box="[166,1239,474,499]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FE60FDC4FE36" box="[166,515,474,499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Length tip of intestine to tip of tail</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FE60FB10FE36" box="[1109,1239,474,499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
112
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CC5FE61FB57FE37" box="[1153,1168,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FDB9FB10FDDE" box="[166,1239,515,539]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FDB9FDC4FDDE" box="[166,515,515,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">a</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FDB9FB10FDDE" box="[1109,1239,515,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">26.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FD91FB10FD86" box="[166,1239,555,579]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FD91FDC4FD86" box="[166,515,555,579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">V</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FD91FB10FD86" box="[1109,1239,555,579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">0.42</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FDC1FB10FD51" box="[166,1239,635,660]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FDC1FB10FD51" box="[166,1239,635,660]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Second generation parasitic females (N=10)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FD1EFB10FD79" box="[166,1239,676,700]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FD1EFDC4FD79" box="[166,515,676,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Length</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FD1EFB10FD79" box="[1109,1239,676,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
370–400
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CF0FD1EFB04FD7E" box="[1204,1219,676,699]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FD76FB10FD21" box="[166,1239,716,740]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FD76FDC4FD21" box="[166,515,716,740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Width</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FD76FB10FD21" box="[1109,1239,716,740]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
36–42
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CDFFD77FB6DFD21" box="[1179,1194,717,740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FD4EFB10FCC9" box="[166,1239,756,780]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FD4EFDC4FCC9" box="[166,515,756,780]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">L/W ratio</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FD4EFB10FCC9" box="[1109,1239,756,780]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">9.5–10.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FCA7FB10FCF0" box="[166,1239,797,821]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FCA7FDC4FCF0" box="[166,515,797,821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">a</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FCA7FB10FCF0" box="[1109,1239,797,821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">9.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FCD7FB10FC40" box="[166,1239,877,901]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FCD7FB10FC40" box="[166,1239,877,901]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Second generation parasitic males (N=5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FC2FFB10FC68" box="[166,1239,917,941]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FC2FFDC4FC68" box="[166,515,917,941]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Length</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FC2FFB10FC68" box="[1109,1239,917,941]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
320–330
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CF0FC2CFB04FC68" box="[1204,1219,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FC07FB10FC13" box="[166,1239,957,982]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FC07FDC4FC13" box="[166,515,957,982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Width</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FC07FB10FC13" box="[1109,1239,957,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
34–40
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CDFFC04FB6DFC10" box="[1179,1194,958,981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FC5CFB10FC3B" box="[166,1239,998,1022]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FC5CFDC4FC3B" box="[166,515,998,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">L/W ratio</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FC5CFB10FC3B" box="[1109,1239,998,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">8.2–9.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FBB4FB10FBE3" box="[166,1239,1038,1062]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FBB4FDC4FBE3" box="[166,515,1038,1062]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Distance tail tip to cloaca</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FBB4FB10FBE3" box="[1109,1239,1038,1062]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
160
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CC6FBB5FB56FBE3" box="[1154,1169,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FB8CFB10FB8B" box="[166,1239,1078,1102]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FB8CFDC4FB8B" box="[166,515,1078,1102]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Length spicules</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FB8CFB10FB8B" box="[1109,1239,1078,1102]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
12–16
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CDFFB8DFB6DFB8B" box="[1179,1194,1079,1102]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FBE4FB10FBB2" box="[166,1239,1118,1143]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FBE4FDC4FBB2" box="[166,515,1118,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Length bursa</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FBE4FB10FBB2" box="[1109,1239,1118,1143]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
14
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61C31FBE5FB43FBB3" box="[1141,1156,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FB3DFB10FB5A" box="[166,1239,1159,1183]" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FB3DFDC4FB5A" box="[166,515,1159,1183]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">a</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FB3DFB10FB5A" box="[1109,1239,1159,1183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">8.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FB15FB10FB02" box="[166,1239,1199,1223]" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FB15FDC4FB02" box="[166,515,1199,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">c</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FB15FB10FB02" box="[1109,1239,1199,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">8.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FB6DFB10FB2A" box="[166,1239,1239,1263]" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FB6DFDC4FB2A" box="[166,515,1239,1263]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">c’</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FB6DFB10FB2A" box="[1109,1239,1239,1263]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">1.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FB45FB10FAD2" box="[166,1239,1279,1303]" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FB45FDC4FAD2" box="[166,515,1279,1303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">T</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FB45FB10FAD2" box="[1109,1239,1279,1303]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FAEAFB10FAAD" box="[166,1239,1360,1384]" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FAEAFB10FAAD" box="[166,1239,1360,1384]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Developing juveniles (N=10)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FAC2FB10FA55" box="[166,1239,1400,1424]" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FAC2FDC4FA55" box="[166,515,1400,1424]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Length</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FAC2FB10FA55" box="[1109,1239,1400,1424]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
46–190
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CECFAC3FB70FA55" box="[1192,1207,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FA1AFB10FA7D" box="[166,1239,1440,1464]" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FA1AFDC4FA7D" box="[166,515,1440,1464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Width</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FA1AFB10FA7D" box="[1109,1239,1440,1464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
10–16
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61CDFFA1BFB6DFA7D" box="[1179,1194,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CA234FFFFC5003B18E2FA73FB10FA24" box="[166,1239,1481,1505]" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B18E2FA73FDC4FA24" box="[166,515,1481,1505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">L/W ratio</td>
|
||
<td id="CF735D83FFC5003B1C11FA73FB10FA24" box="[1109,1239,1481,1505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">4.6–11.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC5FFC61883F9AAFC1FF9EE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1552,2010]" box="[199,984,1552,1579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61883F9AAFE74F9EF" box="[199,435,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Developing juveniles</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61987F9ABFE16F9EF" box="[451,465,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10): Length, 46–190
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61A9FF9ABFD2CF9EF" box="[731,747,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; width, 10–16
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61BEFF9ABFC7CF9EF" box="[939,955,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7A886536FFC5FFC21883F98EFC47FEA0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC5FFC61883F98EFDC6F8E3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1552,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61883F98EFE88F98B" bold="true" box="[199,335,1588,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
The first generation parasitic female (Figs 2,3,9,12), second generation parasitic females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAA92A38FFC5FFC61D0DF98EFA4AF98A" box="[1353,1421,1588,1615]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[183,1435,1259,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-51@4.[151,1435,1246,1750]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Second generation parasitic Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. 5. Female. 6. Male, arrowhead shows stylet. 7. Spicules (arrows) of male. 8. Newly hatched second generation juvenile. Scale bars: 5 = 70 µm; 6 = 50 µm; 7 = 7 µm; 8 = 12 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728985/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), second generation parasitic males (Figs 6,7,10,11) and early developmental stages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAA92A38FFC5FFC61C7AF9E2FB47F9B7" box="[1086,1152,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–8" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[183,1435,1259,1750]" captionTargetId="figure-51@4.[151,1435,1246,1750]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5–8. Second generation parasitic Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. 5. Female. 6. Male, arrowhead shows stylet. 7. Spicules (arrows) of male. 8. Newly hatched second generation juvenile. Scale bars: 5 = 70 µm; 6 = 50 µm; 7 = 7 µm; 8 = 12 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728985/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) occur in the host’s body cavity. First generation parasitic female yellowish, body extended with 3 bends, ovoviviparous, containing faint stylet lacking knobs or basal thickenings; second generation parasitic females and males light yellow with indistinct stylets lacking knobs or basal thickenings; males with paired, separate spicules with cephalated heads; faint bursa; gubernaculum lacking. Development of the second generation stages occurs in clusters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAA92A38FFC5FFC61C2CF952FB6CF8C7" box="[1128,1195,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1161,1185]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[156,1431,181,1137]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clusters containing eggs, developing juveniles and second generation adults of Parasitylenchus myiophagus n. sp. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728983/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), which include eggs, developing juveniles and adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC5FFC61883F88AFE26F81F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1552,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61883F88AFCA0F88F" bold="true" box="[199,871,1840,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Typological characters and diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC5FFC61AF1F88BFCA7F88E" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[693,864,1840,1867]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61AF1F88BFCA7F88E" bold="true" box="[693,864,1840,1867]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">P. myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC5FFC61C55F88BFB70F88F" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[1041,1207,1840,1866]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC5FFC61C55F88BFB70F88F" box="[1041,1207,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">P. myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC5FFC61D25F88BFE09F8AB" authority="Siddiqi, 1986" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1986" class="Chromadorea" family="Parasitylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">
|
||
Parasitylenchidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC5FFC61970F8EEFE09F8AB" author="Siddiqi, M. R." box="[308,462,1876,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refId="ref4055" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (1986) Tylenchida: Parasites of plants and insects. Published by Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology of the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, London, 645 pp." type="book" year="1986">Siddiqi, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC5FFC61AC7F8EEFC25F8AB" authority="Siddiqi, 1986" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1986" box="[643,994,1876,1902]" class="Chromadorea" family="Parasitylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Parasitylenchinae">
|
||
Parasitylenchinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC5FFC61B16F8EEFC25F8AB" author="Siddiqi, M. R." box="[850,994,1876,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refId="ref4055" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (1986) Tylenchida: Parasites of plants and insects. Published by Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology of the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, London, 645 pp." type="book" year="1986">Siddiqi,1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on the presence of a primary heterosexual generation alternating with a secondary heterosexual generation in the host, parasitic females ventrally curved, slender simple, ventrally arcuate spicules, the presence of a bursa, the absence of a gubernaculum and a dipteran host (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC5FFC61973F87AFE12F81F" author="Siddiqi, M. R." box="[311,469,1984,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" refId="ref4089" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (2000) Tylenchida: Parasites of plants and insects. 2 nd Edition. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, 833 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851992020.0000" type="book" year="2000">Siddiqi, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="66ED6635FFC4FFC718D3FB74FB38FACC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5728979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728979/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" startId="3.[151,250,1230,1254]" targetBox="[380,1209,181,1206]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC4FFC718D3FB74FB38FACC" blockId="3.[151,1436,1230,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC718D3FB74FED0FB23" bold="true" box="[151,279,1230,1254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC4FFC7191AFB74FDE0FB23" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1877" box="[350,551,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC7191AFB74FDE0FB23" box="[350,551,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Tachytrechus sanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC4FFC71A73FB74FD4FFB23" box="[567,648,1230,1254]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC4FFC71AD2FB74FCFDFB23" box="[662,826,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dolichopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) parasitized by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC4FFC71BA0FB74FACCFB23" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[996,1291,1230,1254]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC71BA0FB74FACCFB23" box="[996,1291,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC71D51FB74FA95FB23" bold="true" box="[1301,1362,1230,1254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC4FFC71D51FB74FA95FB23" box="[1301,1362,1230,1254]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Arrow shows exposed portion of abdomen containing first and second generation adult nematodes. Scale bar: 1.4 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="66ED6635FFC4FFC718D3F82BFC6AF834" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5728981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728981/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" startId="3.[151,264,1937,1961]" targetBox="[215,1374,1314,1889]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC4FFC718D3F82BFC6AF834" blockId="3.[151,1436,1937,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC718D3F82BFEFCF86C" bold="true" box="[151,315,1937,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">FIGURES 2–3.</emphasis>
|
||
First generation parasitic female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC4FFC71AE8F82BFC17F86C" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[684,976,1937,1961]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC71AE8F82BFC17F86C" box="[684,976,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC71B93F82BFBEDF86C" bold="true" box="[983,1066,1937,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC4FFC71B93F82BFBD6F86C" box="[983,1041,1937,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
2.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female removed from the abdomen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC4FFC718F0F80FFEBCF808" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1877" box="[180,379,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC718F0F80FFEBCF808" box="[180,379,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Tachytrechus sanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC4FFC719CEF80FFE1CF808" box="[394,475,1973,1997]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC4FFC719A3F80FFD4AF808" box="[487,653,1973,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dolichopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), arrow shows nerve ring.
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC71BE5F80FFC73F808" bold="true" box="[929,948,1973,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">3.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, arrow shows tip of extended ovary with developing eggs, arrowhead shows stylet. Scale bars: 2 = 380
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC71B48F860FCDCF834" box="[780,795,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; 3 = 34
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC4FFC71BC7F860FC55F834" box="[899,914,2010,2033]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="66ED6635FFC3FFC018D3FB33FE9FFB00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728983" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5728983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728983/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" startId="4.[151,250,1161,1185]" targetBox="[156,1431,181,1137]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC3FFC018D3FB33FE9FFB00" blockId="4.[151,1436,1161,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC018D3FB33FED4FB64" bold="true" box="[151,275,1161,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Clusters containing eggs, developing juveniles and second generation adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC3FFC01C7EFB33FA9AFB64" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[1082,1373,1161,1185]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC01C7EFB33FA9AFB64" box="[1082,1373,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC01D20FB33FA5BFB64" bold="true" box="[1380,1436,1161,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC3FFC01D20FB33FA5BFB64" box="[1380,1436,1161,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bar: 100
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC0196AFB14FEFAFB00" box="[302,317,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="66ED6635FFC3FFC018D3F957FF06F888" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5728985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728985/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" startId="4.[151,264,1773,1797]" targetBox="[183,1435,1259,1750]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC3FFC018D3F957FF06F888" blockId="4.[151,1436,1773,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC018D3F957FEFDF8C0" bold="true" box="[151,314,1773,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">FIGURES 5–8.</emphasis>
|
||
Second generation parasitic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC3FFC01A1AF954FC46F8C3" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[606,897,1774,1798]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC01A1AF954FC46F8C3" box="[606,897,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC01BC3F954FC1EF8C3" bold="true" box="[903,985,1774,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC3FFC01BC3F954FC07F8C3" box="[903,960,1774,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
5.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female.
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC01C72F957FB8EF8C0" bold="true" box="[1078,1097,1773,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">6.</emphasis>
|
||
Male, arrowhead shows stylet.
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC01DCDF954FA5BF8C3" bold="true" box="[1417,1436,1774,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">7.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules (arrows) of male.
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC019EFF8ABFE79F8EC" bold="true" box="[427,446,1809,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">8.</emphasis>
|
||
Newly hatched second generation juvenile. Scale bars: 5 = 70
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC01C07F8A8FB95F8EC" box="[1091,1106,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; 6 = 50
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC01CF9F8A8FB0BF8EC" box="[1213,1228,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; 7 = 7
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC01D6EF8A8FAFEF8EC" box="[1322,1337,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; 8 = 12
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC018D3F88CFF61F888" box="[151,166,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC3FFC01883F8C6FE38F81B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1916,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Placement in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC3FFC01994F8C6FC89F853" authority="Micoletzky, 1922" authorityName="Micoletzky" authorityYear="1922" box="[464,846,1916,1942]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC3FFC01994F8C6FD43F853" box="[464,644,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Parasitylenchus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC3FFC01ACFF8C6FC89F853" author="Micoletzky, H." box="[651,846,1916,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 650" refId="ref3631" refString="Micoletzky, H. (1922) Die freilebenden Erd-Nematoden. Archive fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A, 87, 1 - 650." type="journal article" year="1922">Micoletzky, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="2494FD34FFC3FFC01B9CF8C6FB96F853" box="[984,1105,1916,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="generic" typeStatus="types">three types</specimenCount>
|
||
of adults in the host (primary heterosexual generation female, secondary heterosexual generation female, and male), with the secondary heterosexual forms mating in the host.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="66ED6635FFC2FFC118D3F94AFB38F895" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5728987" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728987/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" startId="5.[151,264,1776,1800]" targetBox="[213,1319,181,1750]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC2FFC118D3F94AFB38F895" blockId="5.[151,1437,1776,1873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC2FFC118D3F94AFE8FF8CD" bold="true" box="[151,328,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">FIGURES 9–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC2FFC11914F94AFDB3F8CD" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[336,628,1776,1800]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC2FFC11914F94AFDB3F8CD" box="[336,628,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC2FFC11A38F94AFD17F8CD" bold="true" box="[636,720,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC2FFC11A38F94AFD71F8CD" box="[636,694,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
9.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head of first generation parasitic female.
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC2FFC11CC7F94AFB64F8CD" bold="true" box="[1155,1187,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">10.</emphasis>
|
||
Head of male.
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC2FFC11D07F94AFAA6F8CD" bold="true" box="[1347,1377,1776,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">11.</emphasis>
|
||
Male tail.
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC2FFC11880F8AEFF23F8E9" bold="true" box="[196,228,1812,1836]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">12.</emphasis>
|
||
Tip of first generation parasitic female showing location of nerve ring. Abbreviations: B= bursa; N = nerve ring; O= tip of ovary; S= stylet; Sp = spicules; T= tip of testis. Scale bars: 9 = 64
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC2FFC11B16F883FCA6F895" box="[850,865,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; 10 = 25 µm; 11 = 10 µm; 12 = 58µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC1FFC21883FF2DFC47FEA0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21883FF2DFDCEFF74" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,521,151,177]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21883FF2DFDCEFF74" box="[199,521,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21C11FF2DFACEFF74" authorityName="Micoletzky" authorityYear="1922" box="[1109,1289,151,177]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21C11FF2DFACEFF74" box="[1109,1289,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Parasitylenchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its dipteran host, a character shared only by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21A65FF01FC8DFF10" authority="Welch, 1959" authorityName="Welch" authorityYear="1959" box="[545,842,186,213]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diplogenus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21A65FF01FD70FF10" box="[545,695,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. diplogenus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC1FFC21AF9FF01FC8DFF10" author="Welch, H. E." box="[701,842,186,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="83 - 103" refId="ref4291" refString="Welch, H. E. (1959) Taxonomy, life cycle, development, and habits of two new species of Allantonematidae (Nematoda) parasitic in drosophilid flies. Parasitology, 49, 83 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 003118200002672 X" type="journal article" year="1959">Welch, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21BC4FF01FA5FFF10" authority="Poinar, Jaenike & Dombeck, 1997" authorityName="Poinar, Jaenike & Dombeck" authorityYear="1997" box="[896,1432,187,213]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21BC4FF01FBC8FF11" box="[896,1039,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC1FFC21C51FF01FA5FFF10" author="Poinar Jr., G. O. & Jaenike, J. & Dombeck, I." box="[1045,1432,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="187 - 190" refId="ref3887" refString="Poinar Jr., G. O., Jaenike, J. & Dombeck, I. (1997) Parasitylenchus nearcticus sp. n. (Tylenchida: Allontonematidae) parasitizing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in North America. Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 20, 187 - 190." type="journal article" year="1997">Poinar, Jaenike & Dombeck, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC218D3FF65FE1BFF3C" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,476,223,249]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC218D3FF65FE1BFF3C" box="[151,476,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the former species by its short, straight first and second generation oviparous females that are subequal in size and the longer stylet of the first generation parasitic females. From
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC2189FFE9DFDE5FE84" box="[219,546,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC2189FFE9DFEB3FE84" authorityName="Welch" authorityYear="1959" box="[219,372,295,321]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="diplogenus">P. diplogenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC2193BFE9DFDE5FE84" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[383,546,295,321]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus">P. myiophagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs in having relatively short, swollen second generation oviparous females that are subequal in size and by the absence of a stylet in the male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7A886536FFC1FFC21883FED5FD0CFE14" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC1FFC21883FED5FA93FE4C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1077]" box="[199,1364,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21883FED5FE89FE4C" bold="true" box="[199,334,367,393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is derived from the Greek “myia”= fly and the Greek “phagos”= to eat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC1FFC21883FE28FD0CFE14" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21883FE28FEAFFE69" bold="true" box="[199,360,402,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Type-locality.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="82FA3CE0FFC1FFC2192BFE29FD01FE14" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412197303" collectingDate="2010-07-30" collectorName="JB Runyon" country="United States of America" county="Gallatin County" latitude="45.962166" location="Johnson Canyon" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Bridger Mountains" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4A85762DFFC1FFC2192BFE29FE6DFE68" box="[367,426,403,429]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F056F85FFFC1FFC219F1FE29FDDCFE68" box="[437,539,403,429]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="DB4C4E31FFC1FFC21A63FE29FD1AFE68" box="[551,733,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Gallatin County</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="D249ACC7FFC1FFC21AACFE29FC07FE68" box="[744,960,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Bridger Mountains</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="374D6066FFC1FFC21B8FFE29FB4FFE68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA3B87ABFFC6FFCC18D3F9F1FB3BFE84:374D6066FFC1FFC21B8FFE29FB4FFE68" box="[971,1160,403,429]" country="United States of America" county="Gallatin County" latitude="45.962166" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="-111.02683" municipality="Bridger Mountains" name="Johnson Canyon" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Montana">Johnson Canyon</location>
|
||
, large hillside spring,
|
||
<date id="462C107DFFC1FFC21DC4FE29FECFFE14" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" value="2010-07-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="5668E995FFC1FFC21DC4FE29FECFFE14" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" value="2010-07-30">30 July 2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="57A6507AFFC1FFC21957FE0DFE5CFE14" box="[275,411,438,465]" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="57.73" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" precision="9" value="45.962166">N 45°57.73’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="57A6507AFFC1FFC219E6FE0DFDFDFE14" box="[418,570,439,465]" degrees="111" direction="west" minutes="01.61" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" precision="9" value="-111.02683">W111°01.61’</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="9F67536BFFC1FFC21A02FE0DFD01FE14" box="[582,710,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">JB Runyon</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7A886536FFC1FFC21883FE61FCA8FDF8" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC1FFC21883FE61FCA8FDF8" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21883FE61FEB1FE31" bold="true" box="[199,374,474,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="82FA3CE0FFC1FFC21939FE61FDCEFDDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412197302" collectionCode="USDA" country="United States of America" location="Nematode Laboratory" municipality="Beltsville" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maryland" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="ED29881FFFC1FFC21939FE61FE22FE30" box="[381,485,475,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(T-
|
||
<quantity id="F56A9B58FFC1FFC21A4AFE60FD86FE30" box="[526,577,474,501]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" unit="t" value="560.0">560t</quantity>
|
||
) first generation parasitic female deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="5483AE78FFC1FFC21C33FE61FB05FE30" box="[1143,1218,475,501]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e3b9-k2i3" name="United States Department of Agriculture" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">USDA</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="374D6066FFC1FFC21C8DFE61FF02FDDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA3B87ABFFC6FFCC18D3F9F1FB3BFE84:374D6066FFC1FFC21C8DFE61FF02FDDC" country="United States of America" municipality="Beltsville" name="Nematode Laboratory" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" stateProvince="Maryland">Nematode Laboratory</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="D249ACC7FFC1FFC21897FE45FE86FDDC" box="[211,321,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Beltsville</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F056F85FFFC1FFC2190BFE45FE78FDDC" box="[335,447,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4A85762DFFC1FFC21989FE45FDCEFDDC" box="[461,521,511,537]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="82FA3CE0FFC1FFC21A51FE45FACEFDDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412197301" box="[533,1289,511,538]" country="United States of America" location="Montana" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="ED29881FFFC1FFC21A51FE45FD45FDDC" box="[533,642,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(parasitic females and males) deposited in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F056F85FFFC1FFC21CE1FE45FACEFDDC" box="[1189,1289,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
Entomology Collection,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F056F85FFFC1FFC2195EFD99FE7BFDF8" box="[282,444,547,573]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Montana State</collectingRegion>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="82FA3CE0FFC1FFC21987FD99FCACFDF8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3412197304" box="[451,875,547,573]" country="United States of America" location="Montana" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
University, Bozeman,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F056F85FFFC1FFC21AF9FD99FCE4FDF8" box="[701,803,547,573]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4A85762DFFC1FFC21B6BFD99FCACFDF8" box="[815,875,547,573]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7A886536FFC1FFCC1883FDFDFB3BFE84" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC1FFC21883FDFDFC13FD6C" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21883FDFDFEC1FDA4" bold="true" box="[199,262,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Host.</emphasis>
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21930FDFDFCF6FDA4" authority="Osten Sacken, 1877" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1877" box="[372,817,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21930FDFDFD89FDA5" box="[372,590,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Tachytrechus sanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC1FFC21A10FDFDFCF6FDA4" author="Osten Sacken, C. R." box="[596,817,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="189 - 354" refId="ref3655" refString="Osten Sacken, C. R. (1877) Western Diptera: Descriptions of new genera and species of Diptera from the region west of the Mississippi and especially from California. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 3, 189 - 354. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 57939" type="journal article" year="1877">Osten Sacken, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21B7BFDFDFC5EFDA4" box="[831,921,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21BE6FDFDFB9DFDA7" box="[930,1114,583,610]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dolichopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Four demasculinized males were collected at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="ED29881FFFC1FFC219C7FDD1FE74FD40" box="[387,435,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. One was dissected for this study and the remaining three were pinned and deposited in the Entomology Collection at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F056F85FFFC1FFC21A73FD35FD1EFD6C" box="[567,729,655,681]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Montana State</collectingRegion>
|
||
University, Bozeman.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC1FFC21883FD08FB18FBF0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21883FD08FEB5FD08" bold="true" box="[199,370,690,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Effect on host.</emphasis>
|
||
Most tylenchid parasites do not kill their hosts outright, but many can cause a variety of behavior and developmental host changes. This is normally expressed as a reduction in body size but can involve sterility and even death. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21929FD41FE0FFCD1" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1877" box="[365,456,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21929FD41FE0FFCD1" box="[365,456,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">T. sanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21992FD41FDBEFCD0" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[470,633,763,789]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21992FD41FDBEFCD0" box="[470,633,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
causes demasculinization (a reduction in development of male primary and secondary sexual characters) that is similar to effects caused in other male dolichopodids by mermithid nematode infection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC1FFC21907FCF9FDC7FC98" author="Kahanpaa, J." box="[323,512,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="51 - 62" refId="ref3568" refString="Kahanpaa, J. (2008) Nematode-induced demasculinisation of Dolichopus males (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa, 1689 (1), 51 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1689.1.3" type="journal article" year="2008">Kahanpää, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The most obvious sign of infected males is the much smaller and poorly rotated genitalia (cf. Figs 13,14). Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21A40FCDDFD60FC44" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[516,679,871,897]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21A40FCDDFD60FC44" box="[516,679,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">P. myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-induced changes to male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21B8AFCDDFBECFC45" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1877" box="[974,1067,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21B8AFCDDFBECFC45" box="[974,1067,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">T. sanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include having a wider face that is light yellow to silver (face very narrow and golden in uninfected males), arista of antenna shorter with reduced apical lamella, and darker legs especially the fore coxa and fore femora (which are yellow in uninfected males) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAA92A38FFC1FFC21D2BFC15FF71FC28" captionStart="FIGURES 13–14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1101,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-444@6.[151,1436,1101,1692]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 13–14. Effect of tylenchid parasites on morphological structures of male Tachytrechus sanus. 13. Non-infected male. 14. Infected male. Note signs of demasculinization including shorter antenna with smaller apical lamella (left arrow), darker legs (middle arrow) and smaller, poorly rotated genitalia (right arrow). Scale bars: 13 = 1.5 mm; 14 = 1.6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728989/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Demasculinization also occurs in other dolichopodids infected with nematodes, including several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC218D3FC4DFEDFFBD4" box="[151,280,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Dolichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC218D3FC4DFEDFFBD4" box="[151,280,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Dolichopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Palearctic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC1FFC219A1FC4DFD67FBD4" author="Kahanpaa, J." box="[485,672,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="51 - 62" refId="ref3568" refString="Kahanpaa, J. (2008) Nematode-induced demasculinisation of Dolichopus males (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa, 1689 (1), 51 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1689.1.3" type="journal article" year="2008">Kahanpää, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC1FFC21AE8FC4DFC51FBD4" author="Germann, C. & Kahanpaa, J. & Pollet, M. & Pollini, L. & Bernasconi, M. V." box="[684,918,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref3469" refString="Germann, C., Kahanpaa, J., Pollet, M., Pollini, L. & Bernasconi, M. V. (2010) The synonymies of Dolichopus lepidus lepidus Staeger, 1842 - demasculinisations, lectotype designations and a nomen oblitum (Diptera, Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa, 2560 (1), 51 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2560.1.5" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Germann
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21B58FC4DFC89FBD4" box="[796,846,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21C5CFC4DFB5EFBD4" box="[1048,1177,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Dolichopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21C5CFC4DFB5EFBD4" box="[1048,1177,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Dolichopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21C95FC4DFA83FBD4" box="[1233,1348,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Rhaphuim</emphasis>
|
||
species in the Nearctic (Runyon, in review), but these cases are so far known to be caused by mermithids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="66ED6635FFC1FFC218D3F90EFB01F8D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5728989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728989/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" startId="6.[151,264,1716,1740]" targetBox="[151,1436,1101,1692]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC1FFC218D3F90EFB01F8D6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1716,1812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC218D3F90EFE94F909" bold="true" box="[151,339,1716,1740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">FIGURES 13–14.</emphasis>
|
||
Effect of tylenchid parasites on morphological structures of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21BA1F90EFB6DF909" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1877" box="[997,1194,1716,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Tachytrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21BA1F90EFB6DF909" box="[997,1194,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Tachytrechus sanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21CF1F90EFB12F909" bold="true" box="[1205,1237,1716,1740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">13.</emphasis>
|
||
Non-infected male.
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC218D3F962FF70F935" bold="true" box="[151,183,1752,1776]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">14.</emphasis>
|
||
Infected male. Note signs of demasculinization including shorter antenna with smaller apical lamella (left arrow), darker legs (middle arrow) and smaller, poorly rotated genitalia (right arrow). Scale bars: 13 = 1.5 mm; 14 = 1.6 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC1FFC218D3F8DFFC91F845" blockId="6.[151,854,1893,1920]" box="[151,854,1893,1920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC218D3F8DFFE58F845" box="[151,415,1893,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC218D3F8DFFE46F845" bold="true" box="[151,385,1893,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Microbial parasites</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC219E3F8DCFC91F845" bold="true" box="[423,854,1894,1920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC219E3F8DCFCCAF845" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[423,781,1894,1920]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC1FFC21B50F8DCFC91F845" box="[788,854,1894,1920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC1FFC318D3F814FABCFF3C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1966,2029]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
The second generation females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21A51F814FC90F80D" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[533,855,1966,1992]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21A51F814FC90F80D" box="[533,855,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21B1AF814FC5BF80D" bold="true" box="[862,924,1966,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC1FFC21B1AF814FC5BF80D" box="[862,924,1966,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
have uteri filled with eggs, however very few developing juveniles could be found. In a normal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC1FFC21A94F868FC43F829" authorityName="Micoletzky" authorityYear="1922" box="[720,900,2002,2028]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC1FFC21A94F868FC43F829" box="[720,900,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Parasitylenchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
life cycle, juveniles emerging from the second generation females would be common and eventually leave the host through the digestive or reproductive openings. After maturing and mating in the environment, the fertilized infective stage females would search out a new host, which would probably be a larva or pupa. The developing nematodes would then be carried into the adult stage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC0FFC31883FEB9FC68FDDC" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
The rarity of juvenile stages of second generation females may be due to a microsporidial infection that was prevalent throughout the population of both second generation parasitic males and females. Cysts (pansporoblasts) ranging up to 10
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31919FEF1FEAAFEA1" box="[349,365,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m in diameter contained developing round spores measuring roughly between 2.7 and 3.6
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31D32FEF1FA41FEA1" box="[1398,1414,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m in diameter (Figs 15,16). Microsporidians (Division Microsporidia), especially members of the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31D65FED5FA5BFE4C" box="[1313,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Dubosquia</emphasis>
|
||
Pérez but also representatives of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC0FFC31A38FE29FCB2FE68" authority="Henneguy" authorityName="Henneguy" authorityYear="1892" box="[636,885,403,429]" class="Microsporea" family="Thelohaniidae" genus="Thelohania" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Meiodihaplophasida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Microsporidia" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31A38FE29FD3BFE68" box="[636,764,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Thelohania</emphasis>
|
||
Henneguy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC0FFC31B3BFE29FBEBFE68" authority="Nageli" authorityName="Nageli" authorityYear="1857" box="[895,1068,403,429]" class="Microsporea" family="Nosematidae" genus="Nosema" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Dissociodihaplophasida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Microsporidia" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31B3BFE29FC1EFE69" box="[895,985,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Nosema</emphasis>
|
||
Nägeli
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC0FFC31C73FE29FEA8FE14" authority="Gurley and Microsporidium Balbiani" authorityName="Gurley and Microsporidium Balbiani" authorityYear="1893" class="Microsporea" family="Pleistophoridae" genus="Pleistophora" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Glugeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Microsporidia" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31C73FE29FB0FFE68" box="[1079,1224,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Pleistophora</emphasis>
|
||
Gurley and
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31D14FE29FECEFE14" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Microsporidium</emphasis>
|
||
Balbiani
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known to infect nematodes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC0FFC31A9FFE0DFCBDFE14" author="Dollfus, R. Ph." box="[731,890,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 482" refId="ref3447" refString="Dollfus, R. Ph. (1946) Parasites des Helminthes. Encyclopedie Biologique, 27, 1 - 482." type="journal article" year="1946">Dollfus, 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Kudo, 1954;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFC0FFC31C5CFE0DFB79FE14" author="Sprague, V." box="[1048,1214,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" refId="ref4128" refString="Sprague, V. (1977) The zoological distribution of the Microsporidia. In: Sprague, V. (Ed.), Systematics of the Microsporida. Comparative Pathobiology. Vol. 2. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 335 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 4205 - 2 _ 3" type="book" year="1977">Sprague, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present infection in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC0FFC318A3FE61FDEDFE30" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[231,554,475,501]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC318A3FE61FDEDFE30" box="[231,554,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC0FFC31A75FE61FDAFFE30" box="[561,616,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. n</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which may have initially been obtained from the fly host, could account for the absence of juveniles in the second generation parasitic females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="66ED6635FFC0FFC318D3F831FD52F82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5728991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5728991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5728991/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" startId="7.[151,264,1931,1955]" targetBox="[273,1314,561,1907]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFC0FFC318D3F831FD52F82E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1931,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC318D3F831FE93F866" bold="true" box="[151,340,1931,1955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">FIGURES 15–16.</emphasis>
|
||
Microsporidian infections of secondary generation females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFC0FFC31B91F831FB3EF866" authority="Poinar & Runyon, 2021" authorityName="Poinar & Runyon" authorityYear="2021" box="[981,1273,1931,1955]" class="Secernentea" family="Neotylenchidae" genus="Parasitylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="myiophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31B91F831FB3EF866" box="[981,1273,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Parasitylenchus myiophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31D44F836FAA7F866" bold="true" box="[1280,1376,1931,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BD557D4FFC0FFC31D44F836FAFDF861" box="[1280,1338,1932,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
15.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head area showing clusters of developing spores (arrowheads).
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31A9BF815FD38F802" bold="true" box="[735,767,1967,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">16.</emphasis>
|
||
Head area showing spores adjacent to swollen excretory pore area (arrowhead). Scale bars: 15 = 17
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC319ACF86EFE30F82E" box="[488,503,2004,2027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; 16 = 13
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFC0FFC31A28F86EFDBCF82E" box="[620,635,2004,2027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="322D36BDFFCFFFCC1883FF2DFB3BFE84" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
This infection could represent a case of environmental or habitat host selection, where a parasite infects new hosts based on availability (versus phylogenetic or physiological host selection, where the parasite develops in a new host phylogenetically related to its present host). It is known that some species of microsporidia have a wide host range. For instance, the mosquito parasite,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFCFFFCC1AE2FEB9FC9BFED8" authorityName="Vavra & Undeen" authorityYear="1970" box="[678,860,259,285]" class="Microsporea" family="Nosematidae" genus="Nosema" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Dissociodihaplophasida" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Microsporidia" rank="species" species="algerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="00E6EAAFFFCFFFCC1AE2FEB9FC9BFED8" box="[678,860,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Nosema algerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is capable of infecting members of the orders Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5924D3EFFCFFFCC1A57FE9DFD48FE84" box="[531,655,295,321]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, aside from its natural host (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56034B4CFFCFFFCC1B8FFE9DFB28FE84" author="Undeen, A. H. & Maddox, J. V." box="[971,1263,295,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="258 - 265" refId="ref4231" refString="Undeen, A. H. & Maddox, J. V. (1973) The infection of non-mosquito hosts by injection with spores of the microsporidian Nosema algerae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 22, 258 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0022 - 2011 (73) 90143 - 2" type="journal article" year="1973">Undeen & Maddox, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |