167 lines
18 KiB
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167 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="03A4CBFCA7EFB6D10686896D971790D9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210165" ID-GBIF-Dataset="90f5f5d1-4ae3-4cc0-87b6-fb2ed5263ef5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210165" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460516665735" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zeng, Yongsan, Ye, Weimin, Tredway, Lane, Martin, Samuel & Martin, Matt" docDate="2012" docId="B47487DD8008817BF9F1FF1AFB31189F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03452p046.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3452" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Mesocriconema sphaerocephala" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="484DFFA580108163F966FF8DFFAA1B35" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698314172864" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="ED34F6DC8F1844A06039F7A6AA92D8A2">Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7E2D866CF805DC5C7AB57D90EEC280F0">Zeng, Yongsan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="29CA11C1056239038E15374E2A08B3F1">Ye, Weimin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD86F4AAD6E5A5C00061B1B6C822CB9E">Tredway, Lane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D21B1715364CA1D592F829B29F509FB3">Martin, Samuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4A95A724FCFEE5F9B94D9571C69F3F31">Martin, Matt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="384A8255FF33ECAC5D3B7F1B06E80177">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="14B21B0E214957EED4B1FD81A69368D8">3452</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B47487DD8008817BF9F1FF1AFB31189F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6171844" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119524590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6171844" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B47487DD8008817BF9F1FF1AFB31189F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B47487DD8008817BF9F1FF1AFB31189F" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="74C765408008817BF9F1FF1AFE941BE7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C6236CB8008817BF9F1FF1AFDB61B84" blockId="24.[151,540,151,210]" box="[151,540,151,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<heading id="672A81A78008817BF9F1FF1AFDB61B84" bold="true" box="[151,540,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BF9F1FF1AFDB61B84" box="[151,540,151,177]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sphaerocephala">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF9F1FF1AFDB61B84" bold="true" box="[151,540,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mesocriconema sphaerocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C6236CB8008817BF9F1FF37FE941BE7" blockId="24.[151,540,151,210]" box="[151,318,186,210]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A4E62A4E8008817BF9F9FF37FF481BE7" box="[159,226,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="23.[151,246,1920,1943]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,702,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,701,1913]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micrographs of Mesocriconema curvatum, M. xenoplax, M. sphaerocephala and Ogma floridense from turfgrasses in NC and SC. All scale bars = 20 µm. A. Pharyngeal region of M. curvatum. B. Pharyngeal region of M. xenoplax. C. Pharyngeal region of M. sphaerocephala. D, G. Female tail of M. xenoplax. E. Pharyngeal region of O. floridense. F. Female tail of M. curvatum. H. Female tail of M. sphaerocephala. I. Body with anastomoses of M. sphaerocephala. J. Vulva and tail region of O. floridense." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210170/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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C, H, I)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74C765408008817BF9F1FE8DFE5F1A22" box="[151,501,255,280]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3C6236CB8008817BF9F1FE8DFE5F1A22" blockId="24.[151,1437,255,939]" box="[151,501,255,280]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF9F1FE8DFEEC1A2D" bold="true" box="[151,326,256,280]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Measurements</emphasis>
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. See
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<tableCitation id="715F03708008817BF8E5FF72FE5B1A22" box="[387,497,255,279]" captionStart="TABLE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,232,1998]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="TABLE 11. Mesocriconema spp.: morphometrics of females mounted in water. All measurements in μm and in the" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68A2664380068175F9F1FF1AFA361B9A" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="68A2664380068175F9F1FF1AFA361B9A">Tables 11</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74C765408008817BF9A1FEAEFCE91918" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3C6236CB8008817BF9A1FEAEFCE91918" blockId="24.[151,1437,255,939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF9A1FEAEFE911A0E" bold="true" box="[199,315,291,315]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BF82EFEA9FD101A0E" box="[328,698,291,315]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sphaerocephala">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF82EFEA9FD101A0E" box="[328,698,291,315]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mesocriconema sphaerocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was first described from soil around the roots of a grass on
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<collectingCountry id="44CA765B8008817BF9F1FEC8FF5C1A68" box="[151,246,325,349]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A8008817BF84EFEC8FE631A68" author="Taylor" box="[296,457,325,349]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Taylor, A. L. (1936) The genera and species of the Criconematinae, a sub-family of the Anguillulinidae (Nematoda). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 55, 391 - 421." type="journal article" year="1936">Taylor (1936)</bibRefCitation>
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. It has been found with centipedegrass (
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BFAC2FEC8FB111A68" box="[932,1211,325,349]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eremochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophiuroides">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BFAC2FEC8FB111A68" box="[932,1211,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Eremochloa ophiuroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) in Florida (
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A8008817BFC34FEC8FF4A1A4A" author="Tarjan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Tarjan, A. C. (1964 b) Rejuvenation of nematized centipede-grass turf with chemical drenches. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 77, 456 - 461." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="b">Tarjan 1964b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A8008817BF98AFEEAFDA21A4A" author="Tarjan" box="[236,520,359,383]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Tarjan, A. C. & Frederick, J. J. (1981) Reaction of nematode-infected centipedegrass turf to pesticidal and non-pesticidal treatments. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 94, 225 - 227." type="journal article" year="1981">Tarjan & Frederick 1981</bibRefCitation>
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), bermudagrass in
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<collectingCountry id="44CA765B8008817BFBB8FEEAFCB21A4A" box="[734,792,359,383]" name="India" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A8008817BFA4EFEEAFC171A4A" author="Siddiqi" box="[808,957,359,383]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (1961) Studies on species of Criconematidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from India. Proceedings of Helminthological Society of Washington, 28, 19 - 34." type="journal article" year="1961">Siddiqi 1961</bibRefCitation>
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), grasslands in
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<collectingCountry id="44CA765B8008817BFD0BFEEAFB071A4A" box="[1133,1197,359,383]" name="Spain" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A8008817BFDDBFEEAFA3A1A4A" author="Escuer" box="[1213,1424,359,384]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Escuer, M., Lara, M. P. & Bello, A. (1999) Distribution of the Criconematidae in Peninsular Spain and Balearic Islands. International Journal of Nematology, 9, 47 - 67." type="journal article" year="1999">
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Escuer
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BFC75FEE4FAEF1AB5" box="[1299,1349,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
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. 1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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), and other plants in many countries. In the present study,
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BFA41FE01FBAB1A96" box="[807,1025,395,419]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sphaerocephala">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BFA41FE01FBAB1A96" box="[807,1025,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. sphaerocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was found in Montgomery County, NC, and Beaufort County, SC. It occurred mainly in the warm-season (C4) grasses (bermudagrass and zoysiagrass), but not in the cool-season (C3) grasses such as creeping bentgrass. The morphology and morphometrics fit the description of previously described populations (
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<bibRefCitation id="584C4B3A8008817BFAADFE7FFB79193F" author="Orton" box="[971,1235,498,522]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refString="Orton Williams, K. J. (1973 b) Macroposthonia sphaerocephala. Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology Descriptions of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes, set 2, no. 28. St. Albans, England: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux." type="journal volume" year="1973" yearSuffix="b">Orton Williams 1973b</bibRefCitation>
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). This is the first record of
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BF862FD9BFE711918" box="[260,475,533,557]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sphaerocephala">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF862FD9BFE711918" box="[260,475,533,557]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. sphaerocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from turfgrasses in NC and SC.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74C765408008817BF9F1FDBAFB31189F" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3C6236CB8008817BF9F1FDBAFCFB1965" blockId="24.[151,1437,255,939]" box="[151,849,567,592]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF9F1FDBAFCFB1965" bold="true" box="[151,849,567,592]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Diagnosis of three
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BF812FDBAFD861965" box="[372,556,567,592]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF812FDBAFD861965" bold="true" box="[372,556,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mesocriconema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from turfgrasses
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C6236CB8008817BF9A1FDD7FB31189F" blockId="24.[151,1437,255,939]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Ring nematodes are the most common species encountered in golf courses and occur at fairly high densities, but species identification is challenging. The three ring nematodes identified above (
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BFD7BFDF3FAE919A0" box="[1053,1347,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BFD7BFDF3FB0219A0" box="[1053,1192,637,661]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="xenoplax">M. xenoplax</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BFDD0FDF3FAE919A0" box="[1206,1347,638,661]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">M. curvatum</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BFC18FDF3FEE9198D" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sphaerocephala">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BFC18FDF3FEE9198D" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. sphaerocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) are similar in general morphology. They can be distinguished from each other using the characteristics listed in
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<tableCitation id="715F03708008817BF992FD4FFEFF19EF" box="[244,341,706,730]" captionStart="TABLE 12" captionStartId="25.[151,239,152,176]" captionTargetBox="[165,1416,211,1978]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 12. Species comparision of three common Mesocriconem a species from golf courses (all measurements in μm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/68A266438009817AF9F1FF15FA311B85" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" tableUuid="68A266438009817AF9F1FF15FA311B85">Table 12</tableCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BF806FD49FD6B19EE" box="[352,705,707,731]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sphaerocephala">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF806FD49FD6B19EE" box="[352,705,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mesocriconema sphaerocephala</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the shortest of these species, lacks labial plates, and has the least body annulations with posterior margins and anastomoses, hemispherical head and bluntly rounded or hemispherical tail.
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BF9A0FC84FE761815" box="[198,476,776,800]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="xenoplax">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF9A0FC84FE761815" box="[198,476,776,800]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mesocriconema xenoplax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the longest of the three species and has rounded, retrorse body annulations that may be smooth or slightly rough, a broad head and four distinct and well-separated labial plates, a sigmoid vagina and broadly rounded to more conoid tail.
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BF8BBFCC3FD511850" box="[477,763,846,869]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="curvatum">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF8BBFCC3FD511850" box="[477,763,846,869]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Mesocriconema curvatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has smooth body annulations without posterior margins and anastomoses, more or less rectangular labial disc with slit-like apertures along its lateral margins, a distinctly lower labial disc than
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<taxonomicName id="FBDD4D488008817BF827FC19FE6D189E" box="[321,455,915,939]" class="Secernentea" family="Criconematidae" genus="Mesocriconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="xenoplax">
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<emphasis id="0EA9EAD98008817BF827FC19FE6D189E" box="[321,455,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M. xenoplax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and a conoid-rounded tail, head not offset and vagina not sigmoid.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |