557 lines
66 KiB
XML
557 lines
66 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B276E1C8CE7B3E92F0877F5D772918FF">A new tribe and species of Clastopterinae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae) from Africa, Asia and North America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6F72E54EE91EE0A414FC0359CB0F4CF3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A93551F513B3057D699E2755BFA286BD">Andrew Hamilton, K. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0D23E05EA018BD230CE4811F2BD5346B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="583047E0C38DB5FC64015A965818BF7A">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B4209064537AFFF9FF5FFF7FFAEF6C25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106155" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119608421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106155" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B4209064537AFFF9FF5FFF7FFAEF6C25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4209064537AFFF9FF5FFF7FFAEF6C25" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<subSubSection id="749372F9537AFFF5FF5FFF7FFC0A6DB3" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF5FFF7FFDDA6DF2" blockId="7.[151,536,152,178]" box="[151,536,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<heading id="677E961E537AFFF5FF5FFF7FFDDA6DF2" bold="true" box="[151,536,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" reason="1">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1C99065C537AFFF5FF5FFF7FFDDA6DF2" box="[151,536,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF5FFF7FFDDA6DF2" bold="true" box="[151,536,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FF5FFF7FFDD16DF2" ID-CoL="3QJN" ID-ENA="38150" authority="Germar, 1839: 187" authorityName="Germar" authorityPageNumber="187" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,531,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF5FFF7FFEE06DF2" bold="true" box="[151,290,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Clastoptera</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="BD280763537AFFF5FEE0FF7FFDD16DF2" author="Germar" box="[296,531,152,178]" page="187" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" year="1839">
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<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FEE0FF7FFE1A6DF2" author="Germar" box="[296,472,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Germar, E. F. (1839) Drei neue Gattungen der Cicadinen, aufgestellt vom herausgeber. Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie, 1, 187 - 192." type="journal article" year="1839">Germar, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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: 187
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF5FFF3AFC0A6DB3" blockId="7.[151,968,221,243]" box="[151,968,221,243]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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Type-species by subsequent designation (
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<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FDF1FF3AFD246DB3" author="Van" box="[569,742,221,243]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Van Duzee, E. P. (1917) Check list of Hemiptera (excepting the Aphididae, Aleurodidae and Coccidae) of America north of Mexico. University of California Publications, Technical Bulletins, 2, 1 - 902." type="journal article" year="1917">Van Duzee 1917</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FD30FF39FC0A6DB3" authority="Germar." authorityName="Germar." box="[760,968,221,243]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatina">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FD30FF39FCAC6DB3" box="[760,878,221,243]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">C. achatina</emphasis>
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Germar.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="749372F9537AFFF5FF5FFEC5FD906C7B" box="[151,594,290,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF5FFEC5FD906C7B" blockId="7.[151,1437,290,1182]" box="[151,594,290,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF5FFEC5FEF26C7B" bold="true" box="[151,304,290,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Nearctic and neotropical.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="749372F9537AFFF5FF0FFEA2FC51682B" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF0FFEA2FAE46F0F" blockId="7.[151,1437,290,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF0FFEA2FE836C1E" bold="true" box="[199,321,325,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Head short and broad (
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7537AFFF5FD98FEA2FD536C1E" box="[592,657,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,244,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,577,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[169,1417,577,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sepulliini (A – B) and Clastopterini (C – G). A – B, Beesoniella spittle masses and adults photographed at Madpur in Madikeri (Coorg) in Sept. 2009 (H. M. Yeshwanth); C, Clastoptera octonotata, photographed at Durham, North Carolina, USA on Feb. 5, 2014 (Dorothy E. Pugh, USA); D, C. laevigata, photographed at Great Falls Park, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA, on Aug. 20, 2009 (Ashley Bradford, USA); E, Spinola’s drawing of C. maculipennis (Spinola), comb. nov.; F spittle mass of C. obtusa photographed at Harvard, Massachusetts, USA, June 26, 2005 (Tom Murray, USA); G, nymph of C. xanthocephala photographed at Assumpink WMA, Monmouth County, New Jersey, USA, June 29, 2008 (Tam Stuart). Photographs used by permission." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233168/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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D), as wide as pronotum, or nearly so; crown with transverse carina between eyes; antennal ledge with 1–3 setae in a vertical row before antennal pit; postpedicel with 2 lanceolate sensilla arising in shallow and broad circular depression at tip of antenna (Fig. 20C); pronotum usually transversely striate (
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7537AFFF5FF26FE4AFEFA6C86" box="[238,312,429,454]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[217,1368,199,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[217,1369,193,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Comparison of face (3 – 4 A), tegmen (3 – 5 B), hind wing (3 – 5 C), lateral aspect of head, pronotum and scutellum (6 A – M) and dorsal aspect (N – O) in genera of Clastopterini (3 – 4), Machaerotinae (5), Sepullini (6 A – L, O) and Aphrophorinae (6 M – N): 3 A, Clastoptera atrapicata; 3 B – C, Clastoptera globosa Fowler; 6 A, Clastoptera achatina; 4 B – C, Iba (s. s.) venosa; 5 B – C, Aphrosiphon bauhiniae, from China (1935), 6 B, Iba (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype, 6 C, Beesoniella sylvestris; 6 D, Sepullia fuscolimbatus; 6 E, Tremapterus (Patriziana) somalicus; 6 F, Tremapterus (s. s.) nigropunctatus, lectotype; 6 G, Tremapterus (s. s.) palimpsestus sp. nov.; 6 H, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) schoutedeni, holotype; 6 J, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) facialis, lectotype; 6 K, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) typicus; 6 L, Grellaphia costalis; 6 O, Sepullia viridicollis var. curtula; 6 M – N, Witteella major (M – O from Jacobi 1910, with hind legs of Sepullia corrected to place spines on outer surface)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233170/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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A–B) or without grooves; tegmen with small bulla in outer apical cell and with disc containing anteapical cells more or less inflated with obsolete venation (
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7537AFFF5FCB0FE28FC026CA8" box="[888,960,463,488]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[217,1368,199,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[217,1369,193,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Comparison of face (3 – 4 A), tegmen (3 – 5 B), hind wing (3 – 5 C), lateral aspect of head, pronotum and scutellum (6 A – M) and dorsal aspect (N – O) in genera of Clastopterini (3 – 4), Machaerotinae (5), Sepullini (6 A – L, O) and Aphrophorinae (6 M – N): 3 A, Clastoptera atrapicata; 3 B – C, Clastoptera globosa Fowler; 6 A, Clastoptera achatina; 4 B – C, Iba (s. s.) venosa; 5 B – C, Aphrosiphon bauhiniae, from China (1935), 6 B, Iba (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype, 6 C, Beesoniella sylvestris; 6 D, Sepullia fuscolimbatus; 6 E, Tremapterus (Patriziana) somalicus; 6 F, Tremapterus (s. s.) nigropunctatus, lectotype; 6 G, Tremapterus (s. s.) palimpsestus sp. nov.; 6 H, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) schoutedeni, holotype; 6 J, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) facialis, lectotype; 6 K, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) typicus; 6 L, Grellaphia costalis; 6 O, Sepullia viridicollis var. curtula; 6 M – N, Witteella major (M – O from Jacobi 1910, with hind legs of Sepullia corrected to place spines on outer surface)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233170/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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B); tegminal appendix broad and folded transversely, and as in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FE5AFE15FE756F4B" box="[402,439,498,523]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FE5AFE15FE756F4B" box="[402,439,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Iba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and hind wing venation with first apical cell much smaller that other 2 such cells, also as in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FF70FDF2FF1F6F6E" box="[184,221,533,558]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF70FDF2FF1F6F6E" box="[184,221,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Iba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="449E61E2537AFFF5FF38FDF2FEE86F6E" box="[240,298,533,558]" name="Malta" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Male</collectingCountry>
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subgenital plates absent, sternal component slit at least half way to base; theca slender, curved, unarmed; style tip strongly curved dorsad, entire or bifid (
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<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FCD7FDD0FBFE6F10" author="Doering" box="[799,1084,567,592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Doering, K. C. (1928) The genus Clastoptera in America north of Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 18 (1), 51 - 53." type="journal article" year="1928">Doering 1928, pls 25–27</bibRefCitation>
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). Length:
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<quantity id="FB718C97537AFFF5FB65FDD0FAE36F0F" box="[1197,1313,567,592]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF0FFDBDFF1F6FBE" blockId="7.[151,1437,290,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF0FFDBDFE546F33" bold="true" box="[199,406,602,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Included species.</emphasis>
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The many Neotropical species of this genus are in need of revision; 53 are catalogued (
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<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FF56FD9AFE026FD6" author="Metcalf" box="[158,448,637,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. & Wade, V. (1962 b) Cercopoidea, Part 4. Clastopteridae. General Catalogue of the Homoptera, Fascicle VII. Waverly Press, Baltimore, 59 pp." type="book" year="1962" yearSuffix="b">
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Metcalf and Wade 1962
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FE7AFD9AFE026FD6" box="[434,448,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">b</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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) but this is only a partial list. It should include
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FC21FD99FB636FD6" box="[1001,1185,637,662]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Penthimia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FC21FD99FB636FD6" box="[1001,1185,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">C. maculipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Spinola,
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FAD1FD9AFA596FD6" bold="true" box="[1305,1435,637,662]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">comb. nov.</emphasis>
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from
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF1DFD78FE8A6FF8" box="[213,328,671,696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Penthimia</emphasis>
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, see
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7537AFFF5FE4AFD78FE026FF8" box="[386,448,671,696]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,244,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,577,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[169,1417,577,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sepulliini (A – B) and Clastopterini (C – G). A – B, Beesoniella spittle masses and adults photographed at Madpur in Madikeri (Coorg) in Sept. 2009 (H. M. Yeshwanth); C, Clastoptera octonotata, photographed at Durham, North Carolina, USA on Feb. 5, 2014 (Dorothy E. Pugh, USA); D, C. laevigata, photographed at Great Falls Park, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA, on Aug. 20, 2009 (Ashley Bradford, USA); E, Spinola’s drawing of C. maculipennis (Spinola), comb. nov.; F spittle mass of C. obtusa photographed at Harvard, Massachusetts, USA, June 26, 2005 (Tom Murray, USA); G, nymph of C. xanthocephala photographed at Assumpink WMA, Monmouth County, New Jersey, USA, June 29, 2008 (Tam Stuart). Photographs used by permission." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233168/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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E) and
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FDDEFD47FD616FF8" box="[534,675,671,696]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculosa">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FDDEFD47FD616FF8" box="[534,675,671,696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">C. maculosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Walker,
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FCD9FD78FC506FF8" bold="true" box="[785,914,671,696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">comb. nov.</emphasis>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FC10FD78FB8A6FF8" box="[984,1096,671,696]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philaenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FC10FD78FB8A6FF8" box="[984,1096,671,696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Philaenus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and there are probably many undescribed species as well because the critical female characters have never been examined in the Neotropical fauna.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF0FFCE0FEE46976" blockId="7.[151,1437,290,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
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Thirty Nearctic species were revised by
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<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FD6DFCE0FC996E60" author="Doering" box="[677,859,775,800]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Doering, K. C. (1928) The genus Clastoptera in America north of Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 18 (1), 51 - 53." type="journal article" year="1928">Doering (1928)</bibRefCitation>
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. This study was the first “modern” revision of a complex North American genus of “Homoptera.” It combined biological data with a thorough morphological treatment of adults of both sexes in a taxonomic synthesis that has stood the test of time as a remarkable example of sound biosystematic judgment. For example, it is the first publication in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FC2BFC88FB9B6EC8" box="[995,1113,879,904]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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where the characters of the ovipositor are utilized and prove to be more important than male genitalic characters. The quality of this work is revealed when one considers that it was produced at a time when dissections for male genitalic characters were just starting to be used, and long before "new systematics" was championed by Mayr, or Hennig's "cladistic analysis" had been conceived. Subsequent work has revealed only minor additions and corrections to this fauna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FAF8FC1DFF106976" author="Hamilton" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Hamilton, K. G. A. (1977) A new Clastoptera from sagebrush (Rhynchota: Homoptera: Cercopidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 74, 38 - 41." type="journal article" year="1977">Hamilton 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FF15FBF9FEDB6976" author="Hamilton" box="[221,281,1054,1078]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Hamilton, K. G. A. (1978) On the identity of Clastoptera arborina and a new related species (Rhynchota: Homoptera: Cercopidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 110, 335 - 336. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 110335 - 3" type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF0FFBA7FE5269DE" blockId="7.[151,1437,290,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
One species from the Neotropics has been incorrectly recorded from Arkansas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FB7AFBD8FA986918" author="Doering" box="[1202,1370,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Doering, K. C. (1930) Synopsis of the family Cercopidae (Homoptera) in North America. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 3, 53 - 108." type="journal article" year="1930">Doering 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Pennsylvania (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FEF7FB85FDB9693B" author="Wheeler" box="[319,635,1122,1147]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Wheeler, A. G. & Kramer, J. P. (1983) Clastoptera laenata, first eastern United States records and first U. S. host association (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 85 (1), 55 - 58." type="journal article" year="1983">Wheeler and Kramer 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); it is here described as a new species along with a distinctive new species on wild grape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF5FFB0AFE346847" blockId="7.[151,502,1261,1287]" box="[151,502,1261,1287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FF5FFB0AFE576847" box="[151,405,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF5FFB0AFE576847" bold="true" box="[151,405,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Clastoptera laevigata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FE54FB09FE346847" bold="true" box="[412,502,1262,1287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15CE401B537AFFF5FE54FB09FE346847" box="[412,502,1262,1287]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF5FFAD5FC866808" blockId="7.[151,915,1330,1387]" box="[151,836,1330,1352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FF5FFAD5FEA26808" box="[151,352,1330,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF5FFAD5FEA26808" box="[151,352,1330,1352]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Clastoptera laevata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic] Fowler:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FE26FAD5FDB86808" author="Doering" box="[494,634,1330,1352]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Doering, K. C. (1930) Synopsis of the family Cercopidae (Homoptera) in North America. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 3, 53 - 108." type="journal article" year="1930">Doering 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(misidentification).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF5FFAB2FC51682B" blockId="7.[151,915,1330,1387]" box="[151,915,1365,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FF5FFAB2FE71682B" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" box="[151,435,1365,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laenata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF5FFAB2FEA3682B" box="[151,353,1365,1387]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Clastoptera laenata</emphasis>
|
||
Fowler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FE74FAB2FD0B682B" author="Wheeler" box="[444,713,1365,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Wheeler, A. G. & Kramer, J. P. (1983) Clastoptera laenata, first eastern United States records and first U. S. host association (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 85 (1), 55 - 58." type="journal article" year="1983">Wheeler and Kramer 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(misidentification).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="749372F9537AFFF5FF5FFA7DFBB568F3" box="[151,1143,1434,1459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF5FFA7DFBB568F3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1434,1944]" box="[151,1143,1434,1459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF5FFA7DFEDC68F3" bold="true" box="[151,286,1434,1459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
A noun in apposition, from its host name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FD3EFA7DFC3568F3" authority="Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[758,1015,1434,1459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FD3EFA7DFC6468F3" box="[758,934,1434,1459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Celtis laevigata</emphasis>
|
||
Willd.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hackberry.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="749372F9537AFFF5FF0FFA5AFBAF6A4E" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF0FFA5AFD9C6B5B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1434,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF0FFA5AFE836896" bold="true" box="[199,321,1469,1494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FD45FA5AFC0D6896" author="Wheeler" box="[653,975,1469,1494]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Wheeler, A. G. & Kramer, J. P. (1983) Clastoptera laenata, first eastern United States records and first U. S. host association (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 85 (1), 55 - 58." type="journal article" year="1983">Wheeler and Kramer (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Distinguished from true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FB25FA59FAA16896" box="[1261,1379,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laenata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FB25FA59FAA16896" box="[1261,1379,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">C. laenata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by 4 black spots on crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7537AFFF5FE56FA38FE1C68B8" box="[414,478,1503,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,244,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,577,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[169,1417,577,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sepulliini (A – B) and Clastopterini (C – G). A – B, Beesoniella spittle masses and adults photographed at Madpur in Madikeri (Coorg) in Sept. 2009 (H. M. Yeshwanth); C, Clastoptera octonotata, photographed at Durham, North Carolina, USA on Feb. 5, 2014 (Dorothy E. Pugh, USA); D, C. laevigata, photographed at Great Falls Park, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA, on Aug. 20, 2009 (Ashley Bradford, USA); E, Spinola’s drawing of C. maculipennis (Spinola), comb. nov.; F spittle mass of C. obtusa photographed at Harvard, Massachusetts, USA, June 26, 2005 (Tom Murray, USA); G, nymph of C. xanthocephala photographed at Assumpink WMA, Monmouth County, New Jersey, USA, June 29, 2008 (Tam Stuart). Photographs used by permission." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233168/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D) instead of 3 on antennal ledges and tylus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FC3BFA38FAF568B8" author="Fowler" box="[1011,1335,1503,1528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Fowler, W. W. (1897) Insecta, Rhynchota, Hemiptera-Homoptera. Fam. Cercopidae. Biologia Centrali-Americana, 2 (1), 174 - 206." type="journal article" year="1897">Fowler 1897, pl. 12, fig. 25</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and by much smaller ovipositor saw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7537AFFF5FE21F9E5FDF86B5B" box="[489,570,1538,1563]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1207,1229]" captionTargetBox="[314,1270,197,1183]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[309,1277,193,1186]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Second valvulae of Clastopterinae: Iba (A – C), Clastoptera (D – E), Tremapterus nominate subgenus (F – K) and subgenus Patriziana (L – P). A, Iba cuneata (holotype of C. bakeri); B, I. venosa sp. nov., holotype; C, I. (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype; D, Clastoptera laevigata sp. nov., holotype; E, C. laenata Fowler, syntype; F, Tremapterus rufus; G, T. pluto, holotype; H, T. nigropunctatus; J, T. centonis; K, T. palimpsestus; L, T. combae, holotype; M, T. turneri, holotype; N, T. brunneus; O, T. janus; P, T. fuscus. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233174/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF0FF9C2FBAF6A4E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1434,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF0FF9C2FED16B7E" bold="true" box="[199,275,1573,1598]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD0537AFFF5FF0FF9C2FECD6B7E" box="[199,271,1573,1598]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD0537AFFF5FED7F9C2FE456B7E" box="[287,391,1573,1598]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♀,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="449E61E2537AFFF5FE71F9C1FDC86B7E" box="[441,522,1574,1598]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Univ. of Tenn. Agric. campus, Knox Co., Tennessee,
|
||
<date id="483707B2537AFFF5FB59F9C2FA966B7E" box="[1169,1364,1573,1598]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" value="1982-07-15" valueMax="1982-07-17" valueMin="1982-07-15">15–17 July 1982</date>
|
||
(A.G. Wheeler) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FEE2F9A0FE186B20" box="[298,474,1607,1632]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FEE2F9A0FE186B20" box="[298,474,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Celtis laevigata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD0537AFFF5FE21F9AFFD986B20" box="[489,602,1608,1632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: 3♂♂, 2♀♀, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD0537AFFF5FC40F9A0FC2C6B20" box="[904,1006,1607,1632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A8FEAFB537AFFF5FC31F9AFFBDF6B20" box="[1017,1053,1608,1632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Reelfoot Lk., Tenn.,
|
||
<date id="483707B2537AFFF5FADCF9AFFA5E6B20" box="[1300,1436,1607,1632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" value="1954-06-02">2 June 1954</date>
|
||
(D.J. & J.N. Knull); 1♀,
|
||
<quantity id="FB718C97537AFFF5FE7EF98CFE2B6BC3" box="[438,489,1642,1667]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" unit="mi" value="1.0">1 mi</quantity>
|
||
SE Ecru, Pontotoc Co., Mississippi,
|
||
<date id="483707B2537AFFF5FC5BF98DFBE56BC3" box="[915,1063,1642,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" value="1980-07-16">16 July 1980</date>
|
||
(W.H. Cross) on hackberry;
|
||
<specimenCount id="2A8FEAFB537AFFF5FABAF98CFA546BC3" box="[1394,1430,1643,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Hershey, Dauphin Co., Pennsylvania,
|
||
<date id="483707B2537AFFF5FD8EF969FD1C6BE6" box="[582,734,1678,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" value="1981-06-30">30 June 1981</date>
|
||
(A.G. Wheeler) on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FC08F96AFB536BE6" box="[960,1169,1677,1702]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FC08F96AFB536BE6" box="[960,1169,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Celtis occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3♀♀, same data, N of Newville, Cumberland Co.,
|
||
<date id="483707B2537AFFF5FE1FF957FDB46B88" box="[471,630,1712,1736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" value="1980-08-20">20 Aug. 1980</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="483707B2537AFFF5FD4AF957FC556B88" box="[642,919,1711,1736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" value="1981-07-02" valueMax="1981-07-13" valueMin="1981-07-02">2 July and 13 July 1981</date>
|
||
; 1♀, same data, Benns Church, Isle of Wight Co., Virginia,
|
||
<date id="483707B2537AFFF5FE8DF934FE2E6BAB" box="[325,492,1747,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" value="1983-06-12">12 June 1983</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD0537AFFF5FE37F935FDA56BAB" box="[511,615,1746,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and 6
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD0537AFFF5FD02F934FCF76BAB" box="[714,821,1747,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
No.
|
||
<quantity id="FB718C97537AFFF5FCB3F934FC266BAB" box="[891,996,1746,1771]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.362448" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" unit="in" value="21112.0">21112 in</quantity>
|
||
CNCI; 4
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD0537AFFF5FBA1F934FB166BAB" box="[1129,1236,1747,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg; 2
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD0537AFFF5FC4DF911FC326A4E" box="[901,1008,1782,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
in USNM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="749372F9537AFFFAFF0FF8F0FDC56DF1" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C362172537AFFF5FF0FF8F0FBE06AD7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1434,1944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FF0FF8F0FEF96A70" bold="true" box="[199,315,1815,1840]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species feeds on hackberry (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FD0CF8F0FCC76A70" box="[708,773,1815,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FD0CF8F0FCC76A70" box="[708,773,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Celtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.); true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FC43F8FFFBC16A70" box="[907,1027,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laenata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FC43F8FFFBC16A70" box="[907,1027,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">C. laenata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FBBCF8FFFB766A6F" box="[1140,1204,1816,1839]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">cacao</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FB0EF8F0FA516A70" box="[1222,1427,1815,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FB0EF8F0FA516A70" box="[1222,1427,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Theobroma cacao</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FEFEF8DDFDF56A13" author="Garcia-Martell" box="[310,567,1850,1875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Garcia-Martell, C. (1974) Primer catalogo de insectos fitofagos de Mexico. Fitofilo, 27 (69), 1 - 176." type="journal article" year="1974">Garcia-Martell (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Another undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1537AFFF5FC01F8DDFB8C6A13" box="[969,1102,1850,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60537AFFF5FC01F8DDFB8C6A13" box="[969,1102,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Clastoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="449E61E2537AFFF5FB12F8DCFAE56A13" box="[1242,1319,1851,1875]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
has been reported from grapes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83537AFFF5FE5CF8B9FDA06A36" author="Moorman" box="[404,610,1886,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refString="Moorman, S. (2013) Clastoptera - undescribed-two. Available from: http: // bugguide. net / node / view / 836344 (accessed 25 February 2014)" type="journal article" year="2013">S. Moorman 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that also has 4 spots on the crown, but these spots are brown rather than black and another 4 such spots are found on the anterior margin of the pronotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C3621725375FFFAFF5FFF7FFDC56DF1" blockId="8.[151,519,152,178]" box="[151,519,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15375FFFAFF5FFF7FFE656DF2" box="[151,423,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octonotata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFF5FFF7FFE656DF2" bold="true" box="[151,423,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Clastoptera octonotata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFE66FF7FFDC56DF1" bold="true" box="[430,519,152,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15CE401B5375FFFAFE66FF7FFDC56DF1" box="[430,519,152,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="749372F95375FFFAFF5FFF3AFD586DB6" box="[151,666,221,246]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C3621725375FFFAFF5FFF3AFD586DB6" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,558]" box="[151,666,221,246]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFF5FFF3AFEDC6DB6" bold="true" box="[151,286,221,246]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFEECFF39FE966DB5" box="[292,340,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">octo</emphasis>
|
||
, eight;
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFE61FF39FE336DB5" box="[425,497,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">notata</emphasis>
|
||
, spotted (adj.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="749372F95375FFF9FF0FFF18FBBC6D94" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C3621725375FFFAFF0FFF18FD926F6D" blockId="8.[151,1437,221,558]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFF0FFF18FE836C58" bold="true" box="[199,321,255,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15375FFFAFDFCFEE7FD026C58" box="[564,704,255,280]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFDFCFEE7FD026C58" box="[564,704,255,280]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">C. laevigata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the spots on the crown being brown rather than black and another 4 such spots are found on the pale anterior margin of the pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75375FFFAFBF8FEC5FBB66C7B" box="[1072,1140,290,315]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,244,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,577,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[169,1417,577,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sepulliini (A – B) and Clastopterini (C – G). A – B, Beesoniella spittle masses and adults photographed at Madpur in Madikeri (Coorg) in Sept. 2009 (H. M. Yeshwanth); C, Clastoptera octonotata, photographed at Durham, North Carolina, USA on Feb. 5, 2014 (Dorothy E. Pugh, USA); D, C. laevigata, photographed at Great Falls Park, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA, on Aug. 20, 2009 (Ashley Bradford, USA); E, Spinola’s drawing of C. maculipennis (Spinola), comb. nov.; F spittle mass of C. obtusa photographed at Harvard, Massachusetts, USA, June 26, 2005 (Tom Murray, USA); G, nymph of C. xanthocephala photographed at Assumpink WMA, Monmouth County, New Jersey, USA, June 29, 2008 (Tam Stuart). Photographs used by permission." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233168/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Face ivory with dark crossband; tegmen with a broad white diagonal band across clavus, otherwise mottled brown with obscure paler areas, at most with a black streak at midlength of costa and dark apical veins. Tylus subequal in length to median length of vertex; pronotum with transverse grooves numbering 11 across midline.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="449E61E25375FFFAFBF3FE6DFBB76CE3" box="[1083,1141,394,419]" name="Malta" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
genitalia as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15375FFFAFAEBFE6CFF316C86" authority="Doering" authorityName="Doering" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFAEBFE6CFA5E6CE3" box="[1315,1436,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">C. lawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
Doering
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with male subgenital plates rounded and style tips short and strongly curved, bearing a triangular process on inner surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835375FFFAFE96FE28FD5E6CA8" author="Doering" box="[350,668,463,488]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refString="Doering, K. C. (1928) The genus Clastoptera in America north of Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 18 (1), 51 - 53." type="journal article" year="1928">Doering 1928, pl. 26, fig. 5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ovipositor saw
|
||
<quantity id="FB718C975375FFFAFCAFFE28FC0E6CA7" box="[871,972,463,488]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, shaped as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15375FFFAFB62FE37FAEC6CA8" box="[1194,1326,463,488]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatina">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFB62FE37FAEC6CA8" box="[1194,1326,463,488]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">C. achatina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C835375FFFAFAF6FE28FEBC6F4B" author="Doering" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refString="Doering, K. C. (1928) The genus Clastoptera in America north of Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 18 (1), 51 - 53." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="a">Doering 1928, pl. 22, fig. 4a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but distal tooth obsolete, leaving only one prominent tooth at midlength of dorsal margin. Length: ♂
|
||
<quantity id="FB718C975375FFFAFED9FDF1FE586F6D" box="[273,410,534,558]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.7">3.7–3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ♀
|
||
<quantity id="FB718C975375FFFAFE09FDF1FD8E6F6D" box="[449,588,534,558]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.8">3.8–4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="68F671FA5375FFFAFF5FF8A2FADB6AAD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233168/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" targetBox="[169,1417,577,1837]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C3621725375FFFAFF5FF8A2FADB6AAD" blockId="8.[151,1437,1861,2029]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFF5FF8A2FED36A1B" bold="true" box="[151,273,1861,1883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Sepulliini (A–B) and Clastopterini (C–G). A–B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15375FFFAFCC2F8A2FCB86A1A" box="[778,890,1861,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Beesoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFCC2F8A2FCB86A1A" box="[778,890,1861,1882]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Beesoniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spittle masses and adults photographed at Madpur in Madikeri (Coorg) in Sept. 2009 (H.M. Yeshwanth); C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15375FFFAFD69F884FCBC6A38" box="[673,894,1891,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octonotata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFD69F884FCBC6A38" box="[673,894,1891,1912]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Clastoptera octonotata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, photographed at Durham, North Carolina, USA on Feb. 5, 2014 (Dorothy E. Pugh, USA); D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15375FFFAFDCAF867FDB56AD5" box="[514,631,1920,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Celtis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laevigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFDCAF867FDB56AD5" box="[514,631,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">C. laevigata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, photographed at Great Falls Park, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA, on Aug. 20, 2009 (Ashley Bradford, USA); E, Spinola’s drawing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15375FFFAFD3EF87AFC3E6AF2" authority="Spinola" authorityName="Spinola" box="[758,1020,1949,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Penthimia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipennis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFD3EF87AFC546AF2" box="[758,918,1949,1970]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">C. maculipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(Spinola)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15CE401B5375FFFAFBC1F87AFBB86AF2" box="[1033,1146,1949,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; F spittle mass of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15375FFFAFAF4F87AFA5E6AF2" box="[1340,1436,1949,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFAF4F87AFA5E6AF2" box="[1340,1436,1949,1970]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">C. obtusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
photographed at Harvard, Massachusetts, USA, June 26, 2005 (Tom Murray, USA); G, nymph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15375FFFAFB86F85CFB3A6A90" box="[1102,1272,1979,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthocephala">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605375FFFAFB86F85CFB3A6A90" box="[1102,1272,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">C. xanthocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
photographed at Assumpink WMA, Monmouth County, New Jersey, USA, June 29, 2008 (Tam Stuart). Photographs used by permission.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="68F671FA5374FFFBFF5FF922FE306A34" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233169/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" targetBox="[151,1436,219,1686]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C3621725374FFFBFF5FF922FE306A34" blockId="9.[151,1436,1733,1908]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605374FFFBFF5FF922FED16B9A" bold="true" box="[151,275,1733,1755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Sepulliini from South Africa on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15374FFFBFDABF922FD116B9B" box="[611,723,1733,1755]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a close relative of the one with similar habits identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15374FFFBFAF9F921FE786BBA" authority="Lallemand 1930" authorityName="Lallemand" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Patriziana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605374FFFBFAF9F921FF3E6BBA" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Patriziana somalicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Lallemand 1930)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with nymphs that construct short tubes (A–B) from dried spittle masses on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15374FFFBFB75F903FAB16BBA" box="[1213,1395,1764,1786]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Grewia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605374FFFBFB75F903FAB16BBA" box="[1213,1395,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Grewia monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B) that are filled with sap and small bubbles (C–D). The nymph (E) resembles that of Machaerotinae (Woodward et al. 1970, fig. 26.27B) but has a shorter head and humped back like that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15374FFFBFCCAF8C6FCBB6A77" box="[770,889,1825,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605374FFFBFCCAF8C6FCBB6A77" box="[770,889,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Clastoptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 1G). The adult (F), found at the same location a few days later, is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15374FFFBFE98F8A6FDD96A15" box="[336,539,1855,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="izzardi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605374FFFBFE98F8A6FDD96A15" box="[336,539,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Tremapterus izzardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605374FFFBFDECF8A7FDB46A15" bold="true" box="[548,630,1856,1877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15CE401B5374FFFBFDECF8A7FDB46A15" box="[548,630,1856,1877]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and data from Lee Gutteridge, Hoedspruit near Kruger National Park in northeastern South Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="68F671FA5377FFF8FF5FF938FADA6A8C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233170/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" targetBox="[217,1368,199,1734]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C3621725377FFF8FF5FF938FADA6A8C" blockId="10.[151,1436,1759,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FF5FF938FEFB6BB4" bold="true" box="[151,313,1759,1782]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">FIGURES 3–6.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of face (3–4A), tegmen (3–5B), hind wing (3–5C), lateral aspect of head, pronotum and scutellum (6A–M) and dorsal aspect (N–O) in genera of Clastopterini (3–4), Machaerotinae (5), Sepullini (6A–L, O) and Aphrophorinae (6M–N): 3A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FEEDF8FBFDCF6A73" box="[293,525,1820,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrapicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FEEDF8FBFDCF6A73" box="[293,525,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Clastoptera atrapicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3B–C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FDACF8FBFC446A72" authority="Fowler" authorityName="Fowler" box="[612,902,1820,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FDACF8FBFCF66A72" box="[612,820,1820,1842]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Clastoptera globosa</emphasis>
|
||
Fowler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FC76F8FBFB546A72" box="[958,1174,1820,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="achatina">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FC76F8FBFB546A72" box="[958,1174,1820,1842]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Clastoptera achatina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 4B–C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FB25F8FBFACD6A72" box="[1261,1295,1820,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FB25F8FBFACD6A72" box="[1261,1295,1820,1842]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Iba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s.s.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FA86F8F9FA566A73" box="[1358,1428,1822,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FA86F8F9FA566A73" box="[1358,1428,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">venosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 5B–C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FF17F8DCFE0C6A11" box="[223,462,1851,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Machaerotidae" genus="Aphrosiphon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bauhiniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FF17F8DCFE0C6A11" box="[223,462,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Aphrosiphon bauhiniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from China (1935), 6B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FD1CF8DCFBD46A11" box="[724,1046,1851,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lumuana" subGenus="Parahindoloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FD1CF8DCFD346A11" box="[724,758,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Iba</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FCCDF8DCFC6C6A11" box="[773,942,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Parahindoloides</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FC76F8DCFBD46A11" box="[958,1046,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">lumuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype, 6C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FB71F8DCFA576A11" box="[1209,1429,1851,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Beesoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FB71F8DCFA576A11" box="[1209,1429,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Beesoniella sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FF0EF8BDFE726A30" box="[198,432,1882,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Sepullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscolimbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FF0EF8BDFE726A30" box="[198,432,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Sepullia fuscolimbatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FE26F8BCFCA16A30" box="[494,867,1882,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="somalicus" subGenus="Patriziana">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FE26F8BCFDAF6A30" box="[494,621,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Tremapterus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FD48F8BCFD296A30" box="[640,747,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Patriziana</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FD36F8BDFCA16A30" box="[766,867,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">somalicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FC56F8BCFBDF6A30" box="[926,1053,1883,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FC56F8BCFBDF6A30" box="[926,1053,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Tremapterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s.s.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FBABF8BCFB396A30" box="[1123,1275,1883,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FBABF8BCFB396A30" box="[1123,1275,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">nigropunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype; 6G,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FF5FF89DFED46ACF" box="[151,278,1914,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FF5FF89DFED46ACF" box="[151,278,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Tremapterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s.s.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FE9DF89EFE1A6ACF" box="[341,472,1913,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palimpsestus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FE9DF89EFE1A6ACF" box="[341,472,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">palimpsestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FE17F89EFDF36ACE" bold="true" box="[479,561,1913,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15CE401B5377FFF8FE17F89EFDF36ACE" box="[479,561,1913,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 6H,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FDA4F89DFC3A6ACF" box="[620,1016,1913,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoutedeni" subGenus="Abbalomba">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FDA4F89DFD296ACF" box="[620,747,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Tremapterus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FD33F89EFCAD6ACF" box="[763,879,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Abbalomba</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FCB7F89EFC3A6ACF" box="[895,1016,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">schoutedeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype; 6J,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FB58F89DFF206AED" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="facialis" subGenus="Abbalomba">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FB58F89DFACD6ACF" box="[1168,1295,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Tremapterus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FAD7F89EFA566ACF" box="[1311,1428,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Abbalomba</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FF5FF870FF206AED" box="[151,226,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">facialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype; 6K,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FE4DF87EFD226AEE" box="[389,736,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="typicus" subGenus="Abbalomba">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FE4DF87EFDC66AEE" box="[389,516,1945,1966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Tremapterus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FDDCF870FD4B6AED" box="[532,649,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Abbalomba</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FD50F87EFD226AEE" box="[664,736,1945,1966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">typicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6L,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FCDFF870FC1B6AED" box="[791,985,1943,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Grellaphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FCDFF870FC1B6AED" box="[791,985,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Grellaphia costalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6O,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FBD2F870FB206AED" box="[1050,1250,1943,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Sepullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FBD2F870FB206AED" box="[1050,1250,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Sepullia viridicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FB21F87FFA9C6AED" box="[1257,1374,1943,1965]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" rank="variety" variety="curtula">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FADDF870FA9C6AED" box="[1301,1374,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">curtula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6M– N,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FF7EF851FE906A8C" box="[182,338,1974,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Witteella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FF7EF851FE906A8C" box="[182,338,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Witteella major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M–O from Jacobi 1910, with hind legs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15377FFF8FCC4F851FC9D6A8C" box="[780,863,1974,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Sepullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605377FFF8FCC4F851FC9D6A8C" box="[780,863,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Sepullia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
corrected to place spines on outer surface).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C3621725376FFF9FF0FFF70FBBC6D94" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FF0FFF70FED16DF0" bold="true" box="[199,275,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD05376FFF9FF0FFF70FECD6DF0" box="[199,271,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD05376FFF9FED5FF70FE476DF0" box="[285,389,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♀,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="449E61E25376FFF9FE7EFF7FFDC56DF0" box="[438,519,152,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Gray Court, South Carolina,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="449E61E25376FFF9FCAEFF7FFC636DF0" box="[870,929,152,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="483707B25376FFF9FC67FF7FFBE36DF0" box="[943,1057,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" value="2013-10">Oct. 2013</date>
|
||
(S. Moorman).
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD05376FFF9FB16FF7FFA8D6DF0" box="[1246,1359,152,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: 3♂♂, 8♀♀, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD05376FFF9FEB9FF5BFE156D95" box="[369,471,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD05376FFF9FE29FF5BFD8B6D95" box="[481,585,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and 6
|
||
<typeStatus id="E3329FD05376FFF9FD5DFF5AFCC26D95" box="[661,768,189,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
No.
|
||
<quantity id="FB718C975376FFF9FCF0FF5BFC596D95" box="[824,923,188,213]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1468" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="in" value="24200.0">24200 in</quantity>
|
||
CNCI;
|
||
<quantity id="FB718C975376FFF9FC3BFF5BFBDC6D95" box="[1011,1054,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
USNM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="749372F95376FFF9FF0FFF38FAEF6C25" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C3621725376FFF9FF0FFF38FAEF6C25" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FF0FFF38FEF96DB8" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This series was photographed (BugGuide # 837444) on
|
||
<date id="483707B25376FFF9FC7DFF38FB806DB8" box="[949,1090,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" value="2013-09-05">5 Sept. 2013</date>
|
||
and again (#839989-90) on
|
||
<date id="483707B25376FFF9FA48FF07FECD6C5C" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" value="2013-09-10">10 Sept. 2013</date>
|
||
and sampled from Muscadine grapes (
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FD00FEE2FC456C5D" box="[712,903,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Vitis rotundifolia</emphasis>
|
||
). Other photographs of this species were taken by K. Kittelberger on
|
||
<date id="483707B25376FFF9FE58FECFFDE96C00" box="[400,555,296,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" value="2013-08-31">31 Aug. 2013</date>
|
||
(BugGuide # 886742, -45, -47, -51) at Lake Gaston, NC, and at Durham, NC (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4B23DF75376FFF9FF57FEABFF1D6C24" box="[159,223,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,244,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,577,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[169,1417,577,1839]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sepulliini (A – B) and Clastopterini (C – G). A – B, Beesoniella spittle masses and adults photographed at Madpur in Madikeri (Coorg) in Sept. 2009 (H. M. Yeshwanth); C, Clastoptera octonotata, photographed at Durham, North Carolina, USA on Feb. 5, 2014 (Dorothy E. Pugh, USA); D, C. laevigata, photographed at Great Falls Park, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA, on Aug. 20, 2009 (Ashley Bradford, USA); E, Spinola’s drawing of C. maculipennis (Spinola), comb. nov.; F spittle mass of C. obtusa photographed at Harvard, Massachusetts, USA, June 26, 2005 (Tom Murray, USA); G, nymph of C. xanthocephala photographed at Assumpink WMA, Monmouth County, New Jersey, USA, June 29, 2008 (Tam Stuart). Photographs used by permission." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233168/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). This species is most closely related to the western
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF15376FFF9FC89FEAAFC7A6C25" box="[833,952,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD605376FFF9FC89FEAAFC7A6C25" box="[833,952,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">C. lawsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which also feeds on wild grapes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |