166 lines
21 KiB
XML
166 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="19CD9E814A017557E824E6FB0F7CC041">A new tribe and species of Clastopterinae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Clastopteridae) from Africa, Asia and North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8089036008B9E3F9A604DF2156D744DD">Andrew Hamilton, K. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="67EC26F56A50A231AE41B952DCC72710">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B4209064536FFFE0FF5FFCD3FC116B20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106172" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119608436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106172" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B4209064536FFFE0FF5FFCD3FC116B20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B4209064536FFFE0FF5FFCD3FC116B20" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
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<subSubSection id="749372F9536FFFE0FF5FFCD3FB346ED0" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C362172536FFFE0FF5FFCD3FE6B6E0E" blockId="18.[151,425,820,846]" box="[151,425,820,846]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
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<heading id="677E961E536FFFE0FF5FFCD3FE6B6E0E" bold="true" box="[151,425,820,846]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" reason="1">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="1C99065C536FFFE0FF5FFCD3FE6B6E0E" box="[151,425,820,846]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FF5FFCD3FE6B6E0E" bold="true" box="[151,425,820,846]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FF5FFCD3FE606E0E" ID-CoL="7FQ8" ID-ENA="2650857" authority="Stal, 1866:79" authorityName="Stal" authorityPageNumber="79" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,418,820,846]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Sepullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FF5FFCD3FF396E0E" bold="true" box="[151,251,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Sepullia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="BD280763536FFFE0FEC9FCD3FE606E0E" author="Stal" box="[257,418,820,846]" page="79" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" year="1866">
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<bibRefCitation id="58185C83536FFFE0FEC9FCD3FEBC6E0E" author="Stal" box="[257,382,820,846]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refString="Stal, C. (1866) Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana, 4, 1 - 276." type="journal article" year="1866">Stål, 1866</bibRefCitation>
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:79
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C362172536FFFE0FF5FFC9DFB346ED0" blockId="18.[151,1270,890,912]" box="[151,1270,890,912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
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Type-species by subsequent designation (
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<bibRefCitation id="58185C83536FFFE0FDF1FC9DFD086ED0" author="Distant" box="[569,714,890,912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refString="Distant, W. L. (1908 a) Rhynchotal notes -- XLV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 2, 309 - 323. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930808692488" type="journal article" year="1908" yearSuffix="a">
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Distant 1908
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FD75FC9CFD086ED0" box="[701,714,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">a</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FD17FC9DFC6D6ED0" box="[735,943,890,912]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murrayi">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FD17FC9DFC6D6ED0" box="[735,943,890,912]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Clastoptera murrayi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<bibRefCitation id="58185C83536FFFE0FC73FC9DFB306ED0" author="Fairmaire" box="[955,1266,890,912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refString="Fairmaire, L. M. H. & Signoret, V. (1858) Deuxieme partie. Hemipteres, Homopteres, Latreille. In: Voyage au Gabon. Histoire naturelle des insects et des Arachnides recueillis pendant un voyage fait au Gabon en 1856 et en 1857 par M. Henry C. Deyrolle sous les auspices de MM. Le comte de Mniszech et James Thomson precedee de l'histoire du voyage par M. James Thomson. Archives entomologiques ou recueil contenant des illustrations d'insectes nouveaux ou rares par M. James Thomson, 2, pp. 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1858">Fairmaire and] Signoret, 1858</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="749372F9536FFFE0FF5FFC5AFD116EBA" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="3C362172536FFFE0FF5FFC5AFD116EBA" blockId="18.[151,1436,957,1633]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FF5FFC5AFEF26E96" bold="true" box="[151,304,957,982]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Tropical Africa, from
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<collectingCountry id="449E61E2536FFFE0FDF8FC5AFD4D6E96" box="[560,655,957,982]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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west to
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<collectingCountry id="449E61E2536FFFE0FD26FC5AFC886E96" box="[750,842,957,982]" name="Senegal" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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, and south along the Atlantic coast to the foothills of the Serro do Humbe mountains of western
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<collectingCountry id="449E61E2536FFFE0FDB0FC06FD0D6EBA" box="[632,719,993,1018]" name="Angola" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Angola</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="749372F9536FFFE0FF0FFBE2FC5E68C9" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3C362172536FFFE0FF0FFBE2FE386824" blockId="18.[151,1436,957,1633]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FF0FFBE2FE83695E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1029,1054]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Robust; head very short, half length of pronotum, or less; tylus distinct but coplanar with crown; crown very short and broad, unmarked, pitted or transversely banded; face black (
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7536FFFE0FB86FBCEFB516902" box="[1102,1171,1065,1090]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1759,1782]" captionTargetBox="[217,1368,199,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[217,1369,193,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Comparison of face (3 – 4 A), tegmen (3 – 5 B), hind wing (3 – 5 C), lateral aspect of head, pronotum and scutellum (6 A – M) and dorsal aspect (N – O) in genera of Clastopterini (3 – 4), Machaerotinae (5), Sepullini (6 A – L, O) and Aphrophorinae (6 M – N): 3 A, Clastoptera atrapicata; 3 B – C, Clastoptera globosa Fowler; 6 A, Clastoptera achatina; 4 B – C, Iba (s. s.) venosa; 5 B – C, Aphrosiphon bauhiniae, from China (1935), 6 B, Iba (Parahindoloides) lumuana, lectotype, 6 C, Beesoniella sylvestris; 6 D, Sepullia fuscolimbatus; 6 E, Tremapterus (Patriziana) somalicus; 6 F, Tremapterus (s. s.) nigropunctatus, lectotype; 6 G, Tremapterus (s. s.) palimpsestus sp. nov.; 6 H, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) schoutedeni, holotype; 6 J, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) facialis, lectotype; 6 K, Tremapterus (Abbalomba) typicus; 6 L, Grellaphia costalis; 6 O, Sepullia viridicollis var. curtula; 6 M – N, Witteella major (M – O from Jacobi 1910, with hind legs of Sepullia corrected to place spines on outer surface)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233170/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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D) contrasting strongly with pale yellow to rufous upper half of frons; antennal ledges smaller than those of other Sepulliini, similar to those of
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FF31FB93FEBF69CD" box="[249,381,1140,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Clastoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FF31FB93FEBF69CD" box="[249,381,1140,1165]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Clastoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with 3 preantennal bristles before antennal pit,
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<quantity id="FB718C97536FFFE0FC6BFB93FC0D69CD" box="[931,975,1140,1165]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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horizontal row and 1 below the 2nd as in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FF5FFB7FFF7E69F1" box="[151,188,1176,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Clastopteridae" genus="Iba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FF5FFB7FFF7E69F1" box="[151,188,1176,1201]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Iba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; postpedicel as in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FE42FB7FFDCF69F1" box="[394,525,1176,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Beesoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FE42FB7FFDCF69F1" box="[394,525,1176,1201]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Beesoniella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but placoid sensillum bean-shaped in outline, surrounded by non-septate groove, and coeloconic pit set near base (as in Fig. 23D); pronotum steeply declivous, usually minutely pitted and shiny; tegmina usually finely pitted without bullae; veins inconspicuous; legs as in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FBD7FB07FB6269B9" box="[1055,1184,1248,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Abbalomba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FBD7FB07FB6269B9" box="[1055,1184,1248,1273]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Abbalomba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="449E61E2536FFFE0FB7BFB07FB2F69B9" box="[1203,1261,1248,1273]" name="Malta" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Male</collectingCountry>
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genitalia as in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FF5FFAE3FED3685D" box="[151,273,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Grellaphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FF5FFAE3FED3685D" box="[151,273,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Grellaphia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but pygofer process digitate (as in
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7536FFFE0FD76FAE3FCD0685C" box="[702,786,1284,1309]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1526,1549]" captionTargetBox="[251,1354,199,1470]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[217,1369,193,1505]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Male genitalia of Beesoniella (12 – 14), Grellaphia (15 – 16), Tremapterus (17) and Sepullia (18). 12, B. cyclops sp. nov.; 13, B. forceps sp. nov.; 14, B. sylvestris; 15, G. costalis; 16, G. ro b u s t a sp. nov.; 17, T. dregei holotype; 18, Sepullia murrayi. A, genital capsule, lateral aspect (smaller scale than other figures); B, right pygofer process, ventral aspect, tip upwards; C, lateral aspect of connective, phallobase, theca and (17 – 18) endotheca; D, caudal aspect of theca and endotheca (when present). Scale line: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233176/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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A), theca with furcate socle, shaft very short, vasiform, containing tubular endotheca (
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7536FFFE0FE23FACFFDFD6800" box="[491,575,1320,1345]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 18" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1526,1549]" captionTargetBox="[251,1354,199,1470]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[217,1369,193,1505]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 18. Male genitalia of Beesoniella (12 – 14), Grellaphia (15 – 16), Tremapterus (17) and Sepullia (18). 12, B. cyclops sp. nov.; 13, B. forceps sp. nov.; 14, B. sylvestris; 15, G. costalis; 16, G. ro b u s t a sp. nov.; 17, T. dregei holotype; 18, Sepullia murrayi. A, genital capsule, lateral aspect (smaller scale than other figures); B, right pygofer process, ventral aspect, tip upwards; C, lateral aspect of connective, phallobase, theca and (17 – 18) endotheca; D, caudal aspect of theca and endotheca (when present). Scale line: 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233176/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Figs 18</figureCitation>
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C–D). Ovipositor with 2nd valvulae blunt-tipped (
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<figureCitation id="A4B23DF7536FFFE0FBBCFACFFB036800" box="[1140,1217,1320,1345]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1653,1675]" captionTargetBox="[295,1293,523,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[288,1299,519,1631]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Second valvulae of Taphrotylus (A), Sepullia (M – P) and Tremapterus subgenera Nyanja (B – G), Selenion (H), Tremiziana (J – L), and subgenus Abbalomba (Q – R). A, Taphrotylus insignificans, holotype; B, Tremapterus bimaculatus; C, T. humilis; D, T. perfasciatus; E, T. indecisus; F, T. scutellatus; G, T. virididorsum; H, T. longicaudatus, holotype; J, T. araneosus, paratype; K, T. scapulatus, paratype; L, T. oxythymus, paratype; M, Sepullia fuscolimbata; N, S. viridicollis; O, S. abyssinia; P, S. murrayi; Q, T. typicus; R, T. facialis. Scale line: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/233175/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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M–P), otherwise as in
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FF7CFAAAFEE86824" box="[180,298,1357,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Patriziana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FF7CFAAAFEE86824" box="[180,298,1357,1380]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Patriziana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Length:
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<quantity id="FB718C97536FFFE0FE5DFAABFE376824" box="[405,501,1356,1381]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C362172536FFFE0FF0FFA97FC5E68C9" blockId="18.[151,1436,957,1633]" box="[199,924,1392,1417]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FF0FFA97FEB068C9" bold="true" box="[199,370,1392,1417]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Included taxa.</emphasis>
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Eight species, two of which are described below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="749372F9536FFFE0FF0FFA73FC116B20" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3C362172536FFFE0FF0FFA73FC116B20" blockId="18.[151,1436,957,1633]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FF0FFA73FEF968ED" bold="true" box="[199,315,1428,1453]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The species of
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<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FE24FA73FD8A68ED" box="[492,584,1428,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Sepullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FE24FA73FD8A68ED" box="[492,584,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Sepullia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been much confused with those of the widespread genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FAC7FA72FA5868EC" box="[1295,1434,1429,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Tremapterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FAC7FA72FA5868EC" box="[1295,1434,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Tremapterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that have similar male genitalia. The body shape and antennal characters are quite different in these two genera, and preliminary barcoding data show that the extreme forms
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FCF7FA3BFC5968B5" box="[831,923,1500,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Sepullia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FCF7FA3BFC5968B5" box="[831,923,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Sepullia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(most robust, tegmina weakly pitted and with venation obscure) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FE57F9E6FDD76B58" box="[415,533,1537,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Patriziana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FE57F9E6FDD76B58" box="[415,533,1537,1560]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Patriziana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(most slender, venation and wing sculpturing most obvious) are divergent by 14% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58185C83536FFFE0FF17F9C3FE576B7C" author="Hamilton" box="[223,405,1572,1597]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refString="Hamilton, K. G. A. (2014) Zygonini tr. nov.: the link between Clastopterinae and Machaerotinae (Hemiptera, Cercopoidea), with new taxa from the old-world fauna of Machaerotinae. Zootaxa 3768 (4), 437 - 459. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3768.4.3" type="journal article" year="2014">Hamilton 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a differentiation significantly greater than the 9% divergence separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FADEF9C3FECE6B21" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Orthorapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FADEF9C3FA5E6B7D" box="[1302,1436,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Orthorapha</emphasis>
|
||
Westwood
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s.s.) and its subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB895AF1536FFFE0FDD9F9AEFC0D6B20" authority="Melichar (Hamilton 2013)" authorityName="Melichar (Hamilton" authorityYear="2013" box="[529,975,1608,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Lepyronoxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EFDFD60536FFFE0FDD9F9AEFD5C6B20" box="[529,670,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Lepyronoxia</emphasis>
|
||
Melichar (Hamilton 2013)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |