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<mods:title id="6F6E69E72A5D2D1727158C151C0CED40">Reexamination of the taxonomic status of Coladenia agni (de Nicéville, [1884]) from Hainan, China reveals a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6220BF013E34E09B79D7A3C58DA98A44">Li, Hua-Zhao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB0E53341F666F9CA2F51CDF9E3F6321">Liu, Zhe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="42DB2E654D1056520D5F7E3D27D01A0A">Li, Jia-Ling</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFFFFFF0A1BDF9F7FD2F7B1E" authority="H.Z. Li &amp; Z. Liu" authorityName="H. Z. Li &amp; Z. Liu" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,692,1626,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="agni" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="huanghaoi">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFFFFFF0A1BDF9F7FE477B1F" bold="true" box="[151,476,1626,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Coladenia agni huanghaoi</emphasis>
H.Z. Li &amp; Z. Liu
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="15EC57A2FFFFFFF0A396F9F6FCBE7B1F" box="[700,805,1627,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFFFFFF0A206F9F7FA937B1E" blockId="2.[151,1288,1626,1725]" box="[812,1288,1626,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">(Chinese name: DZŧsṳxã南亚ª)</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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(
<figureCitation id="A4902A4EFFFFFFF0A1B5F90EFF767BD7" box="[159,237,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1547,1571]" captionTargetBox="[161,1433,189,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,179,1521]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Coladenia agni and C. agnioides from China and adjacent areas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241028/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A4902A4EFFFFFFF0A1D1F90EFE907BD7" box="[251,267,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,714,738]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,415,687]" captionTargetId="figure-131@4.[151,1435,414,688]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Magnified scales of some specialized structures.A: underside of the palpi, P1+2 = the first two segments of palpi, P3 = the third segment of palpi, P i = inside of P1+2, Po = outside of P1+2. B: inside of the hind tibiae and end of the abdomen. Scale for Fig. 2B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241030/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A4902A4EFFFFFFF0A03DF90FFEBE7BD7" box="[279,293,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1266,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-298@5.[151,1436,1266,1850]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Coladenia agni huanghaoi ssp. nov. in nature and its type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241036/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">5</figureCitation>
for adults, 3 for the genitalia, 7 for the phylogeny)
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<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFFFFFF0A1BDF948FEDC7B95" ID-CoL="WWYS" baseAuthorityName="de Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,327,1765,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agni">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFFFFFF0A1BDF948FEDC7B95" box="[151,327,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Coladenia agni</emphasis>
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ssp.:
<treatmentCitation id="BD0A10DAFFFFFFF0A0A7F94BFDFC7A6A" author="Huang, H." box="[397,615,1765,1792]" page="574" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" year="2021">
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFFFFFF0A0A7F94BFDB47B95" author="Huang, H." box="[397,559,1765,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="569 - 620" refId="ref4940" refString="Huang, H. (2021) Taxonomy and morphology of Chinese butterflies 1 Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Genera Coladenia Moore, [1881] and Pseudocoladenia Shirozu &amp; Saigusa, 1962. Atalanta, 52 (4), 569 - 620." type="journal article" year="2021">Huang (2021)</bibRefCitation>
: 574
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for taxonomic notes + 587, fig. 2 for
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+ 594, 597599, 602, figs. 34, 4648, 51 for
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genitalia.
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:
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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leg. (
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; will be deposited at
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)
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.
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:
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, locality same as the HT,
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,
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leg. (
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;
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)
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;
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<specimenCount id="2AADFD42FFFFFFF0A531F8DDFBC07AE1" box="[1051,1115,1904,1931]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
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,
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,
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,
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and
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,
<collectorName id="915E531DFFFFFFF0A0F1F838FDBA7AC4" box="[475,545,1940,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Z. Liu</collectorName>
leg. (
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;
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)
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.
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<caption id="68D46643FFFEFFF1A1BDF9A6FB817B49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14241028" box="[151,1050,1547,1571]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241028/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" startId="3.[151,250,1547,1571]" targetBox="[161,1433,189,1520]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFFEFFF1A1BDF9A6FB817B49" blockId="3.[151,1050,1547,1571]" box="[151,1050,1547,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFFEFFF1A1BDF9A6FE887B49" bold="true" box="[151,275,1547,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFFEFFF1A0A0F9A6FDBC7B49" baseAuthorityName="de Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[394,551,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agni">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFFEFFF1A0A0F9A6FDBC7B49" box="[394,551,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">Coladenia agni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFFEFFF1A372F9A1FD427B49" authorityName="Elwes &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1897" box="[600,729,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnioides">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFFEFFF1A372F9A1FD427B49" box="[600,729,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">C. agnioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China and adjacent areas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="74B16540FFFEFFF6A1EDF9D8FABE7CE3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" type="description">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFFEFFF6A1EDF9D8FABE7CE3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1653,2040]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="361" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFFEFFF1A1EDF9D8FE3D7BFA" bold="true" box="[199,422,1653,1680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">Description. Male.</emphasis>
Length of forewing
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(
<quantity id="FB539B2EFFFEFFF1A242F9D8FC457BFA" box="[872,990,1653,1680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.055" pageId="3" pageNumber="360" unit="mm" value="20.55">20.55 mm</quantity>
in HT, n=4). Wings ground color dark brown. Forewing upperside: white hyaline spots situated in postdiscal area of spaces 1b to 3, subapical areas of space 6 to 8, subcostal area of space 11, and end of cell, spots in space 2 and cell larger. Hindwing upperside: covered with dense ochreous hairs at base, a series of postdiscal black spots present in spaces 1b to 7 and end of cell. Wings underside: generally similar to upperside but forewing submarginal areas lighter. Fringes: dark brown but paler in forewing spaces 1b and 7, and hindwing spaces 6 to 7.
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFFEFFF1A2ADF887FBDB7A29" bold="true" box="[903,1088,1833,1860]" pageId="3" pageNumber="360">Male Genitalia.</emphasis>
Vinculum: slender, fourfold as long as saccus. Saccus: from the part connected to vinculum, continuously narrowed forward, ending with a sharp point. Tegumen: dorsally triangle, caudal part protruding. Gnathos: bilateral parts elongated ventrally, integrating a gourd-shaped terminal covered with dense and small spines. Uncus: abruptly tapered then elongated into a blunt end, of even width, with a small dorsal process. Valva: more or less rectangular; ampulla elliptic, forming a slightly sharp end; harpe tapered and bends upward with lower edge less protruding and with a long and blunt distal apex. Juxta: bilateral parts expansive and gradually narrowed posteriorly. Phallus: long and curved upwards, a pair of carinae present in middle of dorsal part.
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A345FF16FD567DBF" bold="true" box="[623,717,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">Female.</emphasis>
Length of forewing
<quantity id="FB539B2EFFF9FFF6A2EAFF17FB197DBF" box="[960,1154,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1595" metricValueMax="2.165" metricValueMin="2.154" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="21.595" valueMax="21.65" valueMin="21.54">21.5421.65 mm</quantity>
(n=2). Larger, generally similar to male, but forewing central spots larger.
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A3FDFF72FC367D92" bold="true" box="[727,941,222,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">Female Genitalia.</emphasis>
Lamella: Lamella antevaginalis cordiform, posterior margin sharply concave, basal part elongated and deviated to the right; Lamella postvaginalis rectangle with bilateral parts robust, anteriorly forming lateral shoulders; Antrum joined and integrated with basal lamella. Ductus bursae and corpus bursae: long, gradually expanding forward without signa. Lodix: more or less square, cephalic part protruding, posterior margin slightly concave. Papilla analis: smooth without serrate ridge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="68D46643FFF9FFF6A1BDFD67FE957E40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14241030" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241030/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" startId="4.[151,250,714,738]" targetBox="[155,1430,415,687]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF9FFF6A1BDFD67FE957E40" blockId="4.[151,1436,714,810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A1BDFD67FE887F88" bold="true" box="[151,275,714,738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Magnified scales of some specialized structures. A: underside of the palpi, P
<subScript id="A02F348EFFF9FFF6A530FD77FBAA7F82" attach="left" box="[1050,1073,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">1+2</subScript>
= the first two segments of palpi, P
<subScript id="A02F348EFFF9FFF6A4BFFD77FA077F82" attach="left" box="[1429,1436,730,744]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">3</subScript>
= the third segment of palpi, P
<subScript id="A02F348EFFF9FFF6A0E7FD52FE4A7E67" attach="left" box="[461,465,767,781]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">i</subScript>
= inside of P
<subScript id="A02F348EFFF9FFF6A370FD53FDEA7E66" attach="left" box="[602,625,766,780]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">1+2</subScript>
, P
<subScript id="A02F348EFFF9FFF6A3A6FD53FD087E66" attach="left" box="[652,659,766,780]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">o</subScript>
= outside of P
<subScript id="A02F348EFFF9FFF6A203FD53FCDB7E66" attach="left" box="[809,832,766,780]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">1+2</subScript>
. B: inside of the hind tibiae and end of the abdomen. Scale for Fig. 2B.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="68D46643FFF9FFF6A1BDF983FC387B00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14241032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241032/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" startId="4.[151,250,1582,1606]" targetBox="[154,1431,872,1550]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF9FFF6A1BDF983FC387B00" blockId="4.[151,1436,1582,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A1BDF983FE8E7B2C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1582,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF9FFF6A0B5F983FD297B2C" authorityName="Li &amp; Liu &amp; Li" authorityYear="2024" box="[415,690,1582,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="agni" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="huanghaoi">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A0B5F983FD297B2C" box="[415,690,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">Coladenia agni huanghaoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A391F983FC8C7B2C" bold="true" box="[699,791,1582,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15EC57A2FFF9FFF6A391F983FC8C7B2C" box="[699,791,1582,1606]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A: Male genitalia. B: Female genitalia. la = lateral view, lo = oblique lateral view, ds = dorsal view, vs = ventral view, po = posterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="74B16540FFF9FFF6A1EDF911FE717AB9" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF9FFF6A1EDF911FA937BBC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1724,2003]" box="[199,1288,1724,1751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A1EDF911FED97BBC" bold="true" box="[199,322,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new subspecies can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF9FFF6A274F910FB9C7BBC" authorityName="de Jong &amp; Treadaway" authorityYear="1992" box="[862,1031,1724,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="agni" subSpecies="sundae">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A274F910FB9C7BBC" box="[862,1031,1724,1751]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">C. agni sundae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Malayan] by (
<figureCitation id="A4902A4EFFF9FFF6A59FF911FB617BBC" box="[1205,1274,1724,1750]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,500,524]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,186,469]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1430,179,473]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital diagnosis of Coladenia agni huanghaoi ssp. nov. and other subspecies." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241034/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF9FFF6A1EDF94DFD027B90" blockId="4.[151,1436,1724,2003]" box="[199,665,1760,1787]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">(1) Much thinner distal part of the harpe.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF9FFF6A1EDF8A9FE817A28" blockId="4.[151,1436,1724,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">
Whereas, it can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF9FFF6A360F8A8FD697A74" authorityName="de Jong &amp; Treadaway" authorityYear="1992" box="[586,754,1796,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="agni" subSpecies="sundae">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A360F8A8FD697A74" box="[586,754,1796,1823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">C. agni sundae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Indo-Chinese] and
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF9FFF6A2F3F8A8FBFF7A74" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[985,1124,1797,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="agni" subSpecies="agni">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A2F3F8A8FBFF7A74" box="[985,1124,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">C. agni agni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters (
<figureCitation id="A4902A4EFFF9FFF6A1B5F885FF767A28" box="[159,237,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1547,1571]" captionTargetBox="[161,1433,189,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,179,1521]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Coladenia agni and C. agnioides from China and adjacent areas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241028/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A4902A4EFFF9FFF6A1D1F885FE977A28" box="[251,268,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,500,524]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,186,469]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[158,1430,179,473]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Genital diagnosis of Coladenia agni huanghaoi ssp. nov. and other subspecies." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241034/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">4</figureCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF9FFF6A1EDF8E1FB057A0C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1724,2003]" box="[199,1182,1868,1895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">(2) Harpe is narrower with its outer edge less protruding and the tip longer and blunter.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF9FFF6A1EDF8DDFB817AE0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1724,2003]" box="[199,1050,1904,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">(3) Phallus is strongly curved and slenderer, with carinae somewhat longer.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF9FFF6A1EDF839FE717AB9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1724,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">
(4) Male forewing markings are similar to
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF9FFF6A399F838FCAE7AC4" authorityName="de Jong &amp; Treadaway" authorityYear="1992" box="[691,821,1940,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="agni" subSpecies="sundae">
ssp.
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A3CCF839FCAE7AC4" box="[742,821,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">sundae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having spots of the cell and spaces 23 thinner and more separated than
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF9FFF6A0AAF814FE787AB8" baseAuthorityName="Semper" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[384,483,1977,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="agni" subSpecies="agni">
ssp.
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF9FFF6A09BF814FE787AB8" box="[433,483,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="361">agni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="68D46643FFF8FFF7A1BDFE59FBA77F66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14241034" box="[151,1084,500,524]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241034/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" startId="5.[151,250,500,524]" targetBox="[164,1424,186,469]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF8FFF7A1BDFE59FBA77F66" blockId="5.[151,1084,500,524]" box="[151,1084,500,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A1BDFE59FE887F66" bold="true" box="[151,275,500,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Genital diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF8FFF7A0C6FE59FD607F66" authorityName="Li &amp; Liu &amp; Li" authorityYear="2024" box="[492,763,500,524]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="agni" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="huanghaoi">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A0C6FE59FD607F66" box="[492,763,500,524]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Coladenia agni huanghaoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A228FE59FCC77F66" bold="true" box="[770,860,500,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15EC57A2FFF8FFF7A228FE59FCC77F66" box="[770,860,500,524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and other subspecies.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="74B16540FFF8FFF7A1EDFDF3FCBB7FAA" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" type="description">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF8FFF7A1EDFDF3FCBB7FAA" blockId="5.[151,1437,606,1245]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A1EDFDF3FEA47F12" bold="true" box="[199,319,606,632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Variation.</emphasis>
The sizes of wing markings are slightly variable without taxonomic significance in differing
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF8FFF7A45BFDF2FF7D7FF6" authorityName="de Jong &amp; Treadaway" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="agni" subSpecies="sundae">
ssp.
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A1BDFD2FFF7D7FF6" box="[151,230,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">sundae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on an individual with relatively small markings,
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A24EFD2EFB9A7FF6" author="Huang, H." box="[868,1025,642,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" pagination="569 - 620" refId="ref4940" refString="Huang, H. (2021) Taxonomy and morphology of Chinese butterflies 1 Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Genera Coladenia Moore, [1881] and Pseudocoladenia Shirozu &amp; Saigusa, 1962. Atalanta, 52 (4), 569 - 620." type="journal article" year="2021">Huang (2021)</bibRefCitation>
considered the marking sizes of this new subspecies a diagnosis, which is denied here (
<figureCitation id="A4902A4EFFF8FFF7A3E7FD0BFC957FAA" box="[717,782,678,704]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1547,1571]" captionTargetBox="[161,1433,189,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,179,1521]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Coladenia agni and C. agnioides from China and adjacent areas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241028/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74B16540FFF8FFF7A1EDFD67FD217F8E" box="[199,698,714,741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF8FFF7A1EDFD67FD217F8E" blockId="5.[151,1437,606,1245]" box="[199,698,714,741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A1EDFD67FEFA7F8E" bold="true" box="[199,353,714,740]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Distribution.</emphasis>
Endemic to
<collectingRegion id="FE6FF829FFF8FFF7A0C5FD67FDDB7F8E" box="[495,576,714,740]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Hainan</collectingRegion>
Is.,
<collectingCountry id="44BC765BFFF8FFF7A35AFD67FD2C7F8E" box="[624,695,714,740]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74B16540FFF8FFF7A1EDFD43FC7F7E46" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF8FFF7A1EDFD43FC7F7E46" blockId="5.[151,1437,606,1245]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A1EDFD43FED57E62" bold="true" box="[199,334,750,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Etymology.</emphasis>
The subspecific name is dedicated to Mr. Hao Huang, who first recognized the specificity of the
<collectingRegion id="FE6FF829FFF8FFF7A1BDFCBFFF737E46" box="[151,232,786,812]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Hainan</collectingRegion>
population and frequently offered the first author taxonomical help.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74B16540FFF8FFF7A1EDFC9BFDA87E1E" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF8FFF7A1EDFC9BFDA87E1E" blockId="5.[151,1437,606,1245]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A1EDFC9BFED27E3A" bold="true" box="[199,329,822,848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Phenology.</emphasis>
Multivoltine with at least two generations. The first brood is from April to June, and the second brood is from September to October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74B16540FFF8FFF7A1EDFCD3FC8D79B6" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3C1436CBFFF8FFF7A1EDFCD3FC8D79B6" blockId="5.[151,1437,606,1245]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A1EDFCD3FEA07EF2" bold="true" box="[199,315,894,920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Remarks.</emphasis>
(1) The records of this species from
<collectingRegion id="FE6FF829FFF8FFF7A3CFFCD3FCAD7EF2" box="[741,822,894,920]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Hainan</collectingRegion>
in previous works, including
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A5A7FCD3FA0C7EF2" author="Joicey, J. J. &amp; Talbot, G." box="[1165,1431,894,920]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" pagination="257 - 262" refId="ref5024" refString="Joicey, J. J. &amp; Talbot, G. (1932) A Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Hainan. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, 4 (3), 257 - 262." type="journal article" year="1932">Joicey &amp; Talbot (1932)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A1BDFC0EFEB57ED6" author="Evans, W. H." box="[151,302,930,957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" refId="ref4600" refString="Evans, W. H. (1949) A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia &amp; Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). The British Museum, London, 502 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105941" type="book" year="1949">Evans (1949)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A012FC0FFDE17ED6" author="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G." box="[312,634,930,957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" pagination="283 - 293" refId="ref4429" refString="de Jong, R. &amp; Treadaway, C. G. (1992) Revisional notes on Coladenia Moore, 1881 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 66 (15), 283 - 293." type="journal article" year="1992">de Jong &amp; Treadaway (1992)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A3AEFC0FFD637ED6" author="Gu, M. B." box="[644,760,930,956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" pagination="654 - 716" refId="ref4732" refString="Gu, M. B. (2002) Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera. In: Huang, F. S. (Ed.), Forest Insect of Hainan. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 654 - 716. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="2002">Gu (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A21AFC0FFC5E7ED6" author="Chiba, H." box="[816,965,930,956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" pagination="337 - 344" refId="ref4358" refString="Chiba, H. (2008) Skippers of Hainan (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Report on Insect Inventory Project in Tropical Asia (TAIIV), 2008, 337 - 344." type="journal article" year="2008">Chiba (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, are difficult to verify since only checklists are available, and the photos of
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF8FFF7A324FC6BFDF87E8A" baseAuthorityName="de Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[526,611,966,992]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agni">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A324FC6BFDF87E8A" box="[526,611,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">C. agni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A3A7FC6BFCF37E8A" author="Gu, M. B. &amp; Chen, P. Z." box="[653,872,966,992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" refId="ref4697" refString="Gu, M. B. &amp; Chen, P. Z. (1997) Butterflies in Hainan Island. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1997">Gu &amp; Chen (1997)</bibRefCitation>
are misidentifications of
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF8FFF7A5B8FC6BFA027E8A" authority="(Chiba 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Chiba" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1170,1433,966,992]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laxmi">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A5B8FC6BFB6F7E8A" box="[1170,1268,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">C. laxmi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A42FFC6BFA0A7E8A" author="Chiba, H." box="[1285,1425,966,992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" pagination="337 - 344" refId="ref4358" refString="Chiba, H. (2008) Skippers of Hainan (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Report on Insect Inventory Project in Tropical Asia (TAIIV), 2008, 337 - 344." type="journal article" year="2008">Chiba 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF8FFF7A019FC47FE58796E" authorityName="Elwes &amp; Edwards" authorityYear="1897" box="[307,451,1002,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agnioides">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A019FC47FE58796E" box="[307,451,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">C. agnioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A0C1FC47FDE5796E" author="Chou, I." box="[491,638,1002,1028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" refId="ref4392" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium 1 &amp; 2. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="book" year="1994">Chou (1994)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A3A6FC47FCFC796E" author="Gu, M. B. &amp; Chen, P. Z." box="[652,871,1002,1028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" refId="ref4697" refString="Gu, M. B. &amp; Chen, P. Z. (1997) Butterflies in Hainan Island. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 355 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1997">Gu &amp; Chen (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A28CFC46FB1A796E" author="Wang M. &amp; Liu J. &amp; Fu C. R." box="[934,1153,1002,1029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" refId="ref6063" refString="Wang M., Liu J. &amp; Fu C. R. (2020) A Photographic Guide to the Butterflies of Yinggeling, Hainan. Nan Hai Publishing Company, Haikou, 369 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2020">
Wang
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A2DAFC46FBB0796E" box="[1008,1067,1002,1028]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
, are not easily identified without examination of the genitalia, due to its sympatric distribution with and superficial resemblance to other
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF8FFF7A1BDFB9FFE977926" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,268,1074,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A1BDFB9FFE977926" box="[151,268,1074,1100]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Coladenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
members. (2) The female individual from Nonggang, a reserve between Daxin and Longzhou, given in
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A19CFBFAFECF791A" author="Huang, H." box="[182,340,1110,1137]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" pagination="569 - 620" refId="ref4940" refString="Huang, H. (2021) Taxonomy and morphology of Chinese butterflies 1 Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Genera Coladenia Moore, [1881] and Pseudocoladenia Shirozu &amp; Saigusa, 1962. Atalanta, 52 (4), 569 - 620." type="journal article" year="2021">Huang (2021)</bibRefCitation>
probably belongs to
<taxonomicName id="FBAB4D48FFF8FFF7A362FBFAFD50791A" authorityName="de Jong &amp; Treadaway" authorityYear="1992" box="[584,715,1110,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Coladenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="agni" subSpecies="sundae">
ssp.
<emphasis id="0EDFEAD9FFF8FFF7A356FBFBFD50791A" box="[636,715,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">sundae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Indo-Chinese] rather than the nominotypical one. Meanwhile, it is noteworthy that the female genitalia of the new subspecies are not entirely consistent with those from the mainland, especially from
<collectingRegion id="FE6FF829FFF8FFF7A0E2FB32FDBA79D3" box="[456,545,1183,1209]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="44BC765BFFF8FFF7A304FB33FDEA79D2" box="[558,625,1182,1208]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="583A4B3AFFF8FFF7A3A8FB33FC8A79D2" author="Huang, H." box="[642,785,1182,1208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="362" pagination="569 - 620" refId="ref4940" refString="Huang, H. (2021) Taxonomy and morphology of Chinese butterflies 1 Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Genera Coladenia Moore, [1881] and Pseudocoladenia Shirozu &amp; Saigusa, 1962. Atalanta, 52 (4), 569 - 620." type="journal article" year="2021">Huang 2021</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="A4902A4EFFF8FFF7A201FB33FCE979D2" box="[811,882,1182,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1582,1606]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,872,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-195@4.[151,1435,868,1556]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Genitalia of Coladenia agni huanghaoi ssp. nov. A: Male genitalia. B: Female genitalia. la = lateral view, lo = oblique lateral view, ds = dorsal view, vs = ventral view, po = posterior view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241032/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="362">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Further studies are needed to confirm whether these differences are individual or subspecific variations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>