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<document id="379C25FBE2A8606A6EAF770E3A072FD6" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1629" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1bdeeacc-e953-436d-a8dc-b31bc9cf4ad2" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299793" ID-ZooBank="AF8AAD44-164C-4514-BACF-16961F3EAABF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1645808801522" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pati, Sameer K., Mandal, Sudipta &amp; Jaiswal, Deepa" docDate="2022" docId="B2722D0513231F39FF727DDAC75D8426" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-798_1-29.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 798" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="4E4B557D13261F28FD7F7B52C66B8505" masterDocTitle="Description of a new species of Spiralothelphusa Bott, 1968, and redescription of Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae)" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1702003206669" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="F95F48B29717D4B7CDB815EA70E9AD03">Description of a new species of Spiralothelphusa Bott, 1968, and redescription of Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6716727A46A5D1743C1B4F5F2D209D65">Pati, Sameer K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BAED4C3B9A74E650BE5E6ECD2F86FB35">Mandal, Sudipta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BE847E6533B3DBA63DFD8E77B9EAEF9">Zoological Survey of India, Freshwater Biology Regional Centre, Attapur, Hyderabad 500 048, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="33E40010BB89C3FD9BDF2FE995811496">Jaiswal, Deepa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="753CEE0011107682CA8CDAFDA6D06696">Zoological Survey of India, Freshwater Biology Regional Centre, Attapur, Hyderabad 500 048, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="568A24947B36ACEBFECBA2F7B55B84C3">2022</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013231F2DFF727DDAC24C83A6" ID-CoL="4Z6WT" authority="(Heller, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[525,1063,1672,1699]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113231F2DFF727DDAC51083A6" bold="true" box="[525,891,1672,1699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213231F2DFEF57DDBC27583A6" author="Heller C." box="[906,1054,1672,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="3A649C1313231F2DFFD77DFEC5E083C3" blockId="5.[525,1063,1672,1734]" box="[680,907,1708,1734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613231F2DFFD77DFEC57B83C3" box="[680,784,1708,1734]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionStartId-1="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionStartId-2="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionStartId-3="13.[189,232,1905,1931]" captionTargetBox-0="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetBox-1="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetBox-2="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetBox-3="[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetId-0="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId-2="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId-3="figure-403@13.[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionText-0="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." captionText-3="Fig. 6. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). Dorsal view of left G1. A. ♂ (38.3 × 29.0 mm) (ZRC 2003.0243; formerly WHT 10749). B. ♂ (41.0 × 30.8 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1995). C. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). Scale bars =1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299805" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6299805/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 3–6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613231F2DFE627DFEC5E083C3" box="[797,907,1708,1734]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7B, K, M</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="BB7ABA0213231F2DFDC27DBFC4F5820D" author="Heller C." box="[189,670,1773,1800]" page="520" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1862">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013231F2DFDC27DBFC4F5820D" authority="Heller, 1862: 520" authorityName="Heller" authorityPageNumber="520" authorityYear="1862" box="[189,670,1773,1800]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wullerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113231F2DFDC27DBFC7AD8202" box="[189,454,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thelphusa wüllerstorfi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213231F2DFCB27DBFC4F5820D" author="Heller C." box="[461,670,1773,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller, 1862: 520</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313231F2DFDC27C42C21E822E" blockId="5.[189,1141,1773,1835]" box="[189,1141,1808,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1ACBBB3D13231F2DFDC27C42C21E822E" box="[189,1141,1808,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<treatmentCitation id="BB7ABA0213231F2DFDC27C42C48D822E" author="Fernando C. H." box="[189,742,1808,1835]" page="210" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1960">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013231F2DFDC27C42C48D822E" authority="Fernando, 1960: 210" authorityName="Fernando" authorityPageNumber="210" authorityYear="1960" box="[189,742,1808,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Paratelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innominata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113231F2DFDC27C42C783822F" box="[189,488,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Paratelphusa innominata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213231F2DFC907C42C48D822E" author="Fernando C. H." box="[495,742,1808,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="191 - 222" refId="ref14179" refString="Fernando C. H. 1960. The Ceylonese Freshwater Crabs (Potamonidae). Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 3 (2): 191 - 222." type="journal article" year="1960">Fernando, 1960: 210</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, figs 6f, 12b, 13c, d, 14, 15 (part).
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<paragraph id="3A649C1313201F2EFDC27A5BC3288426" blockId="6.[189,1399,265,714]" box="[189,1347,265,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1ACBBB3D13201F2EFDC27A5BC3288426" box="[189,1347,265,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFDC27A5BC7B88426" box="[189,467,265,291]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaudii">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFDC27A5BC7B88426" box="[189,467,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thelphusa leschenaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="BB7ABA0213201F2EFC8F7A5BC4C38426" author="Heller C." box="[496,680,265,292]" page="32" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1865">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFC8F7A5BC4C38426" author="Heller C." box="[496,680,265,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14313" refString="Heller C. 1865. Crustaceen. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. III. Abtheilung: 1 - 280. Kaiserlich-Konigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, in Commission bei Karl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna." type="journal volume" year="1865">Heller 1865: 32</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(not 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFF997A5BC35D8426" ID-CoL="5697Y" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[742,1334,265,292]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Thelpheusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaudii">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFF997A5BC2628426" box="[742,1033,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thelpheusa leschenaudii</emphasis>
H. Milne Edwards, 1837
</taxonomicName>
).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313201F2EFDC27A7EC75F846F" blockId="6.[189,1399,265,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFDC27A7EC7AA8443" box="[189,449,300,326]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFDC27A7EC7AA8443" box="[189,449,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Telphusa leschenaultii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFCA57A7EC4988443" author="Wood-Mason J." box="[474,755,300,326]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="201 - 207" refId="ref15599" refString="Wood-Mason J. 1871. Contribution to Indian Carcinology. - On Indian and Malayan Telphusidae, Part-I. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part II (Physical Science) 40 (No. 3): 201 - 207." type="journal article" year="1871">Wood-Mason 1871: 202</bibRefCitation>
(part) (not 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFE0D7A7EC743846F" ID-CoL="5697Y" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Thelpheusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaudii">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFE0D7A7EC2F88443" box="[882,1171,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thelpheusa leschenaudii</emphasis>
H. Milne Edwards, 1837
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313201F2EFDC27A20C52C84B5" blockId="6.[189,1399,265,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFDC27A20C7D58489" box="[189,446,370,396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFDC27A20C7D58489" box="[189,446,370,396]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Telphusa leschenaulti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFC9F7A20C48A8488" author="Henderson J. R." box="[480,737,370,397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="325 - 458" refId="ref14376" refString="Henderson J. R. 1893. A contribution to Indian carcinology. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2 5 (10): 325 - 458." type="journal article" year="1893">Henderson 1893: 382</bibRefCitation>
(part). — 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFE1B7A21C2388488" author="Ortmann A. E." box="[868,1107,371,397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="411 - 494" refId="ref14817" refString="Ortmann A. E. 1893. Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der von Herrn Dr. Doderlein bei Japan und bei den Liu-Kiu-Inseln gesammelten und zur Zeit im Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten Formen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 7 (3): 411 - 494." type="journal article" year="1893">Ortmann 1893: 489</bibRefCitation>
. — 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EF9F87A21C3558488" author="Burger O." box="[1159,1342,371,397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref13802" refString="Burger O. 1894. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Gattung Telphusa. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 8 (1): 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1894">Bürger 1894: 2</bibRefCitation>
(not 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFD957AC4C55184B5" ID-CoL="5697Y" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[234,826,406,432]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Thelpheusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaudii">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFD957AC4C46684B5" box="[234,525,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thelpheusa leschenaudii</emphasis>
H. Milne Edwards, 1837
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313201F2EFDC27AE8C2DB84D6" blockId="6.[189,1399,265,714]" box="[189,1200,441,468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFDC27AE8C7C384D6" box="[189,424,442,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFDC27AE8C7C384D6" box="[189,424,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Potamon aurantium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFCB97AEBC4C784D6" author="Ortmann A. E." box="[454,684,441,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="258 - 372" refId="ref14876" refString="Ortmann A. E. 1897. Carcinologische Studien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 10 (3): 258 - 372." type="journal article" year="1897">Ortmann 1897: 302</bibRefCitation>
(part) (not 
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFE4D7AEBC26B84D6" box="[818,1024,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cancer aurantius</emphasis>
Herbst, 1799).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313201F2EFDC27A8FC49D84F2" blockId="6.[189,1399,265,714]" box="[189,758,476,503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1ACBBB3D13201F2EFDC27A8FC49D84F2" box="[189,758,476,503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFDC27A8FC7DE84F3" box="[189,437,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Potamon 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFC517A8EC7DE84F3" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1862" box="[302,437,476,502]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wullerstorfi">wüllerstorfi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
– 
<treatmentCitation id="BB7ABA0213201F2EFCAC7A8FC4DB84F3" author="De Man J. G." box="[467,688,476,503]" page="438" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFCAC7A8FC4DB84F3" author="De Man J. G." box="[467,688,476,503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="384 - 440" refId="ref13990" refString="De Man J. G. 1898. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmanica e regioni vicine. LXXXI. - Note sur quelques especes des genres Parathelphusa H. M. E. et Potamon Sav., recueillies par M. Leonardo Fea pendant son voyage en Birmanie. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, Series 2 19 (39): 384 - 440." type="journal article" year="1898">De Man 1898: 438</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313201F2EFDC27952C7F88738" blockId="6.[189,1399,265,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFDC27952C427871C" box="[189,588,511,538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFDC27952C74C871C" box="[189,295,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Potamon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFC487952C7CA871C" box="[311,417,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Potamon</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFCCD7AADC427871C" box="[434,588,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">hydrodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFF177AADC520871F" author="Rathbun M. J." box="[616,843,511,538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="225 - 312" refId="ref15300" refString="Rathbun M. J. 1904. Les crabes d'eau douce (Potamonidae). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'histoire naturelle, Paris, Serie 4 6: 225 - 312." type="journal article" year="1904">Rathbun 1904: 287</bibRefCitation>
, not pl. 12 fig. 3 (part) (not 
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EF9F47952C28A871F" box="[1163,1249,512,538]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cancer</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EF9977AADC7ED8738" ID-CoL="4Z6WQ" authority="Herbst, 1794" authorityName="Herbst" authorityYear="1794" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydrodroma">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EF9977AADC31C871C" box="[1256,1399,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">hydrodroma</emphasis>
Herbst, 1794
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313201F2EFDC27914C70D87CF" blockId="6.[189,1399,265,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFDC27914C44B8765" ID-CoL="4Z6WT" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[189,544,582,608]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFDC27914C44B8765" box="[189,544,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFF437914C4858765" author="Bott R." box="[572,750,582,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref13735" refString="Bott R. 1968. Parathelphusiden aus Hinterindien (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parathelphusidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 49 (5): 403 - 422." type="journal article" year="1968">Bott 1968: 404</bibRefCitation>
, figs 3–4, 26; 1970: 97, pl. 18 figs 12–14, pl. 29 fig. 68. — 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFC6F7938C4608786" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[272,523,617,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay 2001: 190</bibRefCitation>
, figs 23a–k, 24a–b, h–l, 25a, b (part). — 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFE857938C35E8786" author="Beenaerts N. &amp; Pethiyagoda R. &amp; Ng P. K. L. &amp; Yeo D. C. J. &amp; Bex G. J. &amp; Bahir M. M. &amp; Artois T." box="[1018,1333,617,644]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="183 - 196" refId="ref13651" refString="Beenaerts N., Pethiyagoda R., Ng P. K. L., Yeo D. C. J., Bex G. J., Bahir M. M. &amp; Artois T. 2010. Phylogenetic diversity of Sri Lankan freshwater crabs and its implications for conservation. Molecular Ecology 19 (1): 183 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2009.04439. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Beenaerts 
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EF9097938C2D88786" box="[1142,1203,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2010: 188
</bibRefCitation>
, 190, tables S1, S4 (listed only in phylogenetic tree and supplementary files). — 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EF92B79DEC77D87CC" author="Pati S. K. &amp; Sudha Devi A. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="416 - 424" refId="ref15080" refString="Pati S. K. &amp; Sudha Devi A. R. 2015. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa, a new freshwater crab (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Thrissur district, Kerala, India. Zootaxa 3963 (3): 416 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3963.3.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Pati &amp; Sudha Devi 2015: 416</bibRefCitation>
(part).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C1CF9813201F20FDC279A3C7F587A2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A649C1313201F2EFDC279A3C75D860E" blockId="6.[189,310,753,779]" box="[189,310,753,779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="612C2B7F13201F2EFDC279A3C75D860E" bold="true" box="[189,310,753,779]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFDC279A3C75D860E" bold="true" box="[189,310,753,779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313201F20FDC2784DC7F587A2" blockId="6.[187,1400,799,1283]" lastBlockId="8.[188,1400,265,679]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Carapace broader than long (CW/CL=1.3), deep (
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC8313201F2EFE72784DC55D863C" box="[781,822,799,825]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">CH</collectingCountry>
/CL=0.7–0.8); dorsal surface strongly convex in frontal view; epigastric cristae well-developed, sharp, distinctly anterior to postorbital cristae; postorbital cristae sharp, distinctly curved; external orbital angle triangular; epibranchial tooth distinct, blunt to slightly sharp, above level of postorbital cristae; branchial regions gently inflated; cervical grooves shallow, narrow, discontinuous, not reaching to level of postorbital cristae; suborbital margin concave, discontinuous with supraorbital margin; frontal median triangle complete, as broad as frontal margin, lateral margins joining dorsal margin; frontal margin medially concave in dorsal view; epistomal medial lobe with distinct, blunt tooth (
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613201F2EFF527F44C4D98135" box="[557,690,1046,1072]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613201F2EFFBF7F44C5608134" box="[704,779,1046,1073]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5A–B</figureCitation>
). Eyes relatively small as compared to orbital space (
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613201F2EFDB87F6BC7438156" box="[199,296,1081,1107]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613201F2EFC487F6BC7368151" box="[311,349,1081,1108]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5B</figureCitation>
). Third maxilliped exopod with well-developed flagellum. Chelipeds smooth, subequal or unequal; chela with elongated dactylus and palm; carpus with long, narrow, sharp inner distal major tooth and very low sub-basal granule; merus lacking subterminal spine (
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613201F2EFE807F2DC2E9819C" box="[1023,1154,1151,1177]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613201F2EF9F27F2DC2B2819F" box="[1165,1241,1151,1178]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5A–C</figureCitation>
). Ambulatory legs moderately stout, shorter than chelipeds (
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613201F2EFF9F7FF0C50381B8" box="[736,872,1186,1213]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3A, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613201F2EFE0A7FF0C5AA81B8" box="[885,961,1186,1213]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5A, C</figureCitation>
). Male S1 and S2 separated by deep groove; male S2/S3 visible as shallow medial depression, not reaching lateral margins; male S3/S4 only visible as shallow lateral depressions (
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613201F2EFFF97FBBC48C8006" box="[646,743,1257,1283]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613201F2EFF897FBBC5758006" box="[758,798,1257,1283]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4A</figureCitation>
). Male sternopleonal cavity reaching to imaginary line joining anterior part of cheliped coxae (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FFC47A5BC5718426" box="[699,794,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FE597A5BC5258426" box="[806,846,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4A</figureCitation>
). Male pleon narrowly triangular, with concave lateral margins; somite 6 trapezoidal, relatively broader (proximal width circa 1.6 times medial length), with gently concave lateral margins (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FF0A7A1DC4BD846C" box="[629,726,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FF9B7A02C579846F" box="[740,786,336,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7M</figureCitation>
). Male telson slightly longer than pleonal somite 6, with concave lateral margins and narrow apex (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FE7E7A20C50F8488" box="[769,868,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FE0B7A21C5CA8488" box="[884,929,371,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7M</figureCitation>
). G1 relatively slender, with tip gently hooked downwards; terminal segment and distal portion of subterminal segment longitudinally strongly twisted full turn, clockwise in left G1 and anticlockwise in right G1; twisted portion long, circa 0.5 times length of non-twisted portion; non-twisted portion with outer margin sharply, relatively less strongly curved, straight towards base (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FF4C7AADC4D1871C" box="[563,698,511,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 4B–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FFB47AADC57F871C" box="[715,788,511,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1905,1931]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-403@13.[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). Dorsal view of left G1. A. ♂ (38.3 × 29.0 mm) (ZRC 2003.0243; formerly WHT 10749). B. ♂ (41.0 × 30.8 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1995). C. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). Scale bars =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299805/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FE5C7952C527871F" box="[803,844,512,538]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7K</figureCitation>
). G2 circa 1.0–1.1 times length of G1; distal segment long, circa 0.5 times length of basal segment (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FE357970C5C08738" box="[842,939,546,573]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Female pleonal somites and telson in adult broadly ovate (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FCCB7914C4788764" box="[436,531,582,609]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Vulvae in adult on S6 positioned apart from each other (VD/SW=circa 0.3), each ventrally opened, subovate, large (occupying circa 0.6 times length of S6), positioned close to S5/S6 (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132E1F20FC4D79DEC7FA87A2" box="[306,401,652,679]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6EA4CC9B13201F2EFDC27CC1C34982D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299797/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[189,232,1939,1965]" targetBox="[191,1395,1376,1896]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="3A649C1313201F2EFDC27CC1C34982D4" blockId="6.[189,1399,1939,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFDC27CC1C76082A8" bold="true" box="[189,267,1939,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogram for 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013201F2EFE677CC1C20E82A8" authority="Bott, 1968" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1968" box="[792,1125,1939,1966]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08AF400113201F2EFE677CC1C58B82A8" box="[792,992,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spiralothelphusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213201F2EFE977CC6C20E82A8" author="Bott R." box="[1000,1125,1939,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref13735" refString="Bott R. 1968. Parathelphusiden aus Hinterindien (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parathelphusidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 49 (5): 403 - 422." type="journal article" year="1968">Bott, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
based on 603 bp of mt COI DNA. The bootstrap value of ML analysis is shown at each node, except for values &lt;50%.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6EA4CC9B13211F2FFDC27C24C7F082D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" targetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="3A649C1313211F2FFDC27C24C7F082D2" blockId="7.[189,1399,1910,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="08AF400113211F2FFDC27C24C7648295" bold="true" box="[189,271,1910,1936]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013211F2FFC637C24C5558294" authority="(Heller, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[284,830,1910,1937]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113211F2FFC637C24C4EF8295" box="[284,644,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213211F2FFFE67C24C55E8294" author="Heller C." box="[665,821,1910,1937]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, lectotype, ♂ (37.4 
<emphasis id="08AF400113211F2FF9467C25C2218294" bold="true" box="[1081,1098,1911,1937]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">×</emphasis>
28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). 
<emphasis id="08AF400113211F2FFC5F7CCBC75E82B6" bold="true" box="[288,309,1945,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
. Entire animal, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="08AF400113211F2FFFF27CC8C4F482B1" bold="true" box="[653,671,1946,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B</emphasis>
. Cephalothorax, frontal view. 
<emphasis id="08AF400113211F2FF9757CCBC27582B6" bold="true" box="[1034,1054,1945,1971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C</emphasis>
. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="72C1CF98132E1F20FDC2799FC7B282AA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3A649C13132E1F20FDC2799FC7C187E2" blockId="8.[189,426,717,743]" box="[189,426,717,743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="612C2B7F132E1F20FDC2799FC7C187E2" bold="true" box="[189,426,717,743]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FDC2799FC7C187E2" bold="true" box="[189,426,717,743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132E1F20FD9579AEC47E8684" blockId="8.[189,1399,764,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20FD9579AEC47E8684" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008323" collectionCode="NHMW" country="India" location="INDIA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CR 27063, CR 24937" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FD9579AEC70D8613" bold="true" box="[234,358,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132E1F20FD9579AEC70D8613" box="[234,358,764,790]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(designated herein) 
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<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FC6C784DC776863C" bold="true" box="[275,285,799,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FC5E784DC721863F" box="[289,330,799,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, adult(CW 
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, CL 
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,CH 
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, FW 
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);“Nicobaren”[sic];1857–1859; Novara exped.; 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20FC067811C7B28658" box="[377,473,835,861]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FC9F7811C4328659" box="[480,601,834,861]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 27063</specimenCode>
(formerly 
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<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FE3E7811C5D78658" box="[833,956,835,861]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 24937</specimenCode>
, labelled as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132E1F20F9277810C4688684" authority="M. Edw., Nicobaren, Frfld." authorityName="M. Edw., Nicobaren, Frfld." class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaudii">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20F9277810C31D8659" box="[1112,1398,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<originalDetermination id="19C524EF132E1F20F9277810C31D8659" box="[1112,1398,834,860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thelphusa Leschenaudii</originalDetermination>
</emphasis>
M. Edw., Nicobaren, Frfld.
</taxonomicName>
’).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132E1F20FD9578F5C29781FB" blockId="8.[188,1399,935,1279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FD9578F5C7C986C4" bold="true" box="[234,418,935,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132E1F20FD9578F5C7C986C4" box="[234,418,935,961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132E1F20FDC27899C77B86E0" box="[189,272,971,997]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">INDIA</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FC677898C74986E1" bold="true" box="[280,290,970,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FC557898C73C86E0" box="[298,343,970,997]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, adult (CW 
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, CL 
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, CH 
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, FW 
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)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20F91A7899C7888129" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008332" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Switzerland" location="INDIA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CR 27064, CR 24937" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
same collection data as for lectotype; 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20FC1F78BCC7AB810D" box="[352,448,1006,1032]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FCB978BCC4568102" box="[454,573,1005,1032]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 27064</specimenCode>
(formerly 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20FFC578BCC571810D" box="[698,794,1006,1032]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FE5F78BCC5F1810D" box="[800,922,1006,1032]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 24937</specimenCode>
, labelled as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132E1F20F94E78BFC7BD8129" authority="M. Edw., Nicobaren, Frfld." authorityName="M. Edw., Nicobaren, Frfld." class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaudii">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20F94E78BFC3258102" box="[1073,1358,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<originalDetermination id="19C524EF132E1F20F94E78BFC3258102" box="[1073,1358,1005,1031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thelphusa Leschenaudii</originalDetermination>
</emphasis>
M. Edw., Nicobaren, Frfld.
</taxonomicName>
’)
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FC957F43C79F812E" bold="true" box="[490,500,1041,1067]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20FC837F43C45E8174" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008321" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Switzerland" location="INDIA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CR 1613" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FC837F43C455812E" box="[508,574,1041,1067]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(32.3 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FFDE7F43C567812E" box="[673,780,1041,1068]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="24.5">24.5 mm</quantity>
; 31.2 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FE157F43C5BD812E" box="[874,982,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="24.4">24.4 mm</quantity>
; 30.1 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F94B7F43C2F4812E" box="[1076,1183,1041,1068]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="23.5">23.5 mm</quantity>
; 26.8 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F9827F43C301812E" box="[1277,1386,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="21.3">21.3 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FDC27F66C76A814A" box="[189,257,1076,1103]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(23.9 × 18.0 mm; 23.8 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FF447F66C4C3814A" box="[571,680,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="19.5">19.5 mm</quantity>
; 23.7 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FE737F66C512814A" box="[780,889,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="18.8">18.8 mm</quantity>
; 23.6 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FEA27F66C227814A" box="[989,1100,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="18.6">18.6 mm</quantity>
); same collection data as for lectotype; 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20FC1C7F0AC7A88177" box="[355,451,1112,1138]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FCB47F05C45E8174" box="[459,565,1111,1137]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 1613</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FF417F05C4238174" bold="true" box="[574,584,1111,1137]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20FF2F7F05C5708191" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008330" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Switzerland" location="INDIA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CR 24936" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FF2F7F05C4F98177" box="[592,658,1111,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(35.8 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FF867F05C50E8177" box="[761,869,1111,1138]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.79" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="27.9">27.9 mm</quantity>
, gonopods removed; 28.2 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F9C87F05C34E8177" box="[1207,1317,1111,1138]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.26" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="22.6">22.6 mm</quantity>
); same collection data as for lectotype; 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20FF457F29C4F18190" box="[570,666,1147,1173]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FFDD7F28C5708191" box="[674,795,1146,1172]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 24936</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FE5A7F28C5448191" bold="true" box="[805,815,1146,1172]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20FE487F28C59981BD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008316" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Switzerland" location="INDIA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CR 24937" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FE487F28C5118190" box="[823,890,1146,1173]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(37.8 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FE9E7F28C2258190" box="[993,1102,1146,1173]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="29.2">29.2 mm</quantity>
; 34.5 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F9CF7F28C3768190" box="[1200,1309,1146,1173]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="27.5">27.5 mm</quantity>
; 32.3 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FDC27FCFC74681BD" box="[189,301,1181,1208]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="25.3">25.3 mm</quantity>
); same collection data as for lectotype; 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20FE717FCCC50581BD" box="[782,878,1182,1208]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FE077FCCC59981BD" box="[888,1010,1182,1208]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 24937</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FE837FCCC26D81BD" bold="true" box="[1020,1030,1182,1208]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20F96E7FCCC29381FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008311" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Switzerland" location="INDIA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CR 24938" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-subadult="9" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20F96E7FCCC2F381B2" box="[1041,1176,1181,1208]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="subadult">9 subadults</specimenCount>
(26.0 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F87C7FCCC31981BD" box="[1283,1394,1182,1208]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="20.2">20.2 mm</quantity>
; 25.6 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FC6F7F93C71781DE" box="[272,380,1217,1243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="18.9">18.9 mm</quantity>
; 20.6 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FCA47F93C42D81DE" box="[475,582,1217,1243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="16.1">16.1 mm</quantity>
; 18.8 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FFDA7F93C57A81DE" box="[677,785,1217,1243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="14.6">14.6 mm</quantity>
; 18.8 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FE0F7F93C5B781DE" box="[880,988,1217,1243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="14.4">14.4 mm</quantity>
; 18.6 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F9447F93C2CC81DE" box="[1083,1191,1217,1243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="13.9">13.9 mm</quantity>
; 17.6 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F8797F93C31981DE" box="[1286,1394,1217,1243]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="13.2">13.2 mm</quantity>
; 17.3 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FC6F7FB6C71081FA" box="[272,379,1252,1279]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="12.8">12.8 mm</quantity>
; 15.4 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FCA57FB6C42D81FA" box="[474,582,1252,1279]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 mm</quantity>
); same collection data as for lectotype; 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20F96A7FB7C21E81FA" box="[1045,1141,1253,1279]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20F9037FB6C29381FB" box="[1148,1272,1252,1278]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 24938</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132E1F20FDC27E74C7658083" blockId="8.[189,1399,1317,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20FDC27E74C7618083" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008315" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="Novara exped" country="Sri Lanka" location="SRI LANKA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CR 24939" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-subadult="3">
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132E1F20FDC27E74C7318045" box="[189,346,1318,1344]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SRI LANKA</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FC1D7E74C7078045" bold="true" box="[354,364,1318,1344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FC097E74C7C98045" box="[374,418,1318,1344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(28.0 × 23.0 mm, gonopods removed), 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FE037E74C5C28045" box="[892,937,1318,1344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(28.2 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F9707E77C2168045" box="[1039,1149,1317,1344]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="21.5">21.5 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20F9ED7E74C373803A" box="[1170,1304,1317,1344]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="subadult">3 subadults</specimenCount>
(15.1 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FDC27E1BC7438066" box="[189,296,1353,1379]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="11.2">11.2 mm</quantity>
; 13.8 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FCF57E1BC79D8066" box="[394,502,1353,1379]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="10.7">10.7 mm</quantity>
; 12.3 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FF277E1BC4AD8066" box="[600,710,1353,1379]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="10.1">10.1 mm</quantity>
); “Ceylon” [sic]; 1857–1859; 
<collectorName id="972EF9C5132E1F20F9547E1BC2BC8066" box="[1067,1239,1353,1379]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Novara exped</collectorName>
.; 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20F9987E1BC32C8066" box="[1255,1351,1353,1379]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20F8307E1BC7618083" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 24939</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132E1F20FDC27EFFC46B8372" blockId="8.[189,1399,1453,1656]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20FDC27EFFC79280EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008310" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="Novara exped" country="French Polynesia" location="FRENCH POLYNESIA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CR 24940" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132E1F20FDC27EFFC7B280C2" box="[189,473,1453,1479]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FRENCH POLYNESIA</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FC9E7EFFC78080C2" bold="true" box="[481,491,1453,1479]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FC8C7EFFC45D80CD" box="[499,566,1453,1480]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(36.3 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FFE27EFFC56280CD" box="[669,777,1453,1480]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.84" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="28.4">28.4 mm</quantity>
; 33.0 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FE147EFFC5B180CD" box="[875,986,1453,1480]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3899999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="23.9">23.9 mm</quantity>
); “Taiti” [sic]; 1857–1859; 
<collectorName id="972EF9C5132E1F20F85F7EFCC76180EF" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Novara exped</collectorName>
.; 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20FC657E83C71180EE" box="[282,378,1489,1515]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FCFE7E83C79280EE" box="[385,505,1489,1515]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 24940</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FF7E7E83C46080EE" bold="true" box="[513,523,1489,1515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20FF6C7E83C5968334" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008307" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="Novara exped." country="French Polynesia" location="Taiti" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CR 24941" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="4">
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FF6C7E83C43E80EE" box="[531,597,1489,1515]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(32.5 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FFC67E82C54E80EE" box="[697,805,1488,1515]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.51" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="25.1">25.1 mm</quantity>
, right gonopods removed; 32.3 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F9CC7E83C37480EE" box="[1203,1311,1489,1515]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="24.4">24.4 mm</quantity>
; 31.3 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FDC27EA1C742830B" box="[189,297,1523,1550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="23.5">23.5 mm</quantity>
, right gonopods removed; 30.5 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FFC57EA6C54C830B" box="[698,807,1524,1550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="23.6">23.6 mm</quantity>
), 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FE437EA6C515830B" box="[828,894,1524,1550]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(36.7 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FE9B7EA6C23A830B" box="[996,1105,1524,1550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.83" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="28.3">28.3 mm</quantity>
; 35.9 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F9CE7EA6C375830B" box="[1201,1310,1524,1550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="28.2">28.2 mm</quantity>
; 34.9 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FDC27D45C7418334" box="[189,298,1559,1585]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="27.3">27.3 mm</quantity>
); “ 
<location id="3F04CAC8132E1F20FC387D45C7E98334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B2722D0513231F39FF727DDAC75D8426:3F04CAC8132E1F20FC387D45C7E98334" box="[327,386,1559,1585]" country="French Polynesia" name="Taiti" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taiti</location>
” [sic]; 1857–1859; 
<collectorName id="972EF9C5132E1F20FF177D45C57D8334" box="[616,790,1559,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Novara exped.</collectorName>
; 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20FE5F7D45C5EB8334" box="[800,896,1559,1585]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FEF97D45C5968334" box="[902,1021,1559,1585]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 24941</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20F97B7D45C2658334" bold="true" box="[1028,1038,1559,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20F96B7D45C7978372" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008309" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="Novara exped" country="French Polynesia" location="Novara" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CR 24942" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3">
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20F96B7D45C23E8334" box="[1044,1109,1559,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(36.5 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20F9C97D45C34A8334" box="[1206,1313,1559,1585]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="27.3">27.3 mm</quantity>
; 35.2 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FDC27D68C7438350" box="[189,296,1594,1621]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.73" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="27.3">27.3 mm</quantity>
; 34.1 × 26.0 mm), 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FF797D68C42C8350" box="[518,583,1594,1621]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(37.1 × 29.0 mm; 33.9 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FE0C7D68C58B8350" box="[883,992,1594,1621]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="27.1">27.1 mm</quantity>
); “Taiti” [sic]; 1857–1859; 
<collectorName id="972EF9C5132E1F20F85F7D69C7618372" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Novara exped</collectorName>
.; 
<collectionCode id="5CCA04D6132E1F20FC657D0CC711837D" box="[282,378,1630,1656]" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FCFE7D0FC7978372" box="[385,508,1629,1655]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">CR 24942</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132E1F20FD957DCCC78A83BD" blockId="8.[189,1399,1694,1968]" box="[234,481,1694,1720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FD957DCCC78A83BD" bold="true" box="[234,481,1694,1720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Additional material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132E1F20FDC27D90C7B282AA" blockId="8.[189,1399,1694,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20FDC27D90C7048226" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008322" collectingDate="2020-09-19" collectionCode="ZSI-, WRC" collectorName="H. Sruthi" country="India" county="Chennai District" elevation="15" latitude="13.159" location="Puzhal Lake" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="80.159" municipality="Puzhal Lake" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="ZSI- WRC C.1995" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu State">
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132E1F20FDC27D90C76583D9" box="[189,270,1730,1756]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">INDIA</collectingCountry>
– 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FC3A7D90C43383D9" bold="true" box="[325,600,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F1132E1F20FC3A7D90C45183D9" box="[325,570,1730,1756]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tamil Nadu State</collectingRegion>
•
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FF137D90C4D683D9" box="[620,701,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FFA97D90C57B83D9" box="[726,784,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingCounty id="D305E49F132E1F20FE547D90C59783D9" box="[811,1020,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chennai District</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="DA000669132E1F20F96B7D90C2DD83D9" box="[1044,1206,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Puzhal Lake</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<locationDeviation id="2BD68531132E1F20F9B17D90C75B83FA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">near Pammathukulam</locationDeviation>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="5FEFFAD4132E1F20FC2E7DB7C7898205" box="[337,482,1765,1792]" degrees="13.159" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="13.159">13.159° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5FEFFAD4132E1F20FF7C7DB7C4FA8205" box="[515,657,1765,1792]" degrees="80.159" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="80.159">80.159° E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FF8B7DB7C5238205" box="[756,840,1765,1792]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation id="B1F67B20132E1F20FF8B7DB7C5238205" box="[756,840,1765,1792]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="4E65BAD3132E1F20FE157DB7C25983FA" box="[874,1074,1765,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2020-09-19">
<collectingDate id="5E21433B132E1F20FE157DB7C25983FA" box="[874,1074,1765,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2020-09-19">19 Sep. 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="972EF9C5132E1F20F92C7DB4C2BF83FA" box="[1107,1236,1765,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">H. Sruthi</collectorName>
leg.; 
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20F83E7DB7C7048226" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ZSI- WRC C.1995</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FCF57C5AC7FF8227" bold="true" box="[394,404,1800,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20FCD07C5AC31C8240" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008301" collectingDate="2019-11-16" collectionCode="ZSI-WRC" collectorName="P. Kalaimagal" country="India" county="Kanchipuram District" elevation="79" latitude="12.784" location="Valathottam" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="79.704" municipality="Valathottam" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="ZSI-WRC C.1960" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="9" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FCD07C5AC46C8226" box="[431,519,1800,1827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">9 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FF597C5AC4168226" box="[550,637,1800,1827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingCounty id="D305E49F132E1F20FFE17C5AC5DF8227" box="[670,948,1800,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kanchipuram District</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="DA000669132E1F20FEAD7C5AC2088227" box="[978,1123,1800,1826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Valathottam</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<locationDeviation id="2BD68531132E1F20F9FD7C5BC3188227" box="[1154,1395,1800,1827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">near Kanchipuram</locationDeviation>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="5FEFFAD4132E1F20FDC27C7EC72A8243" box="[189,321,1836,1862]" degrees="12.784" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="12.784">12.784° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5FEFFAD4132E1F20FC297C7EC7BC8243" box="[342,471,1836,1862]" degrees="79.704" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="79.704">79.704° E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FF5E7C7EC4028243" box="[545,617,1836,1862]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="79.0">
<elevation id="B1F67B20132E1F20FF5E7C7EC4028243" box="[545,617,1836,1862]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="79.0">79 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="4E65BAD3132E1F20FF017C79C55A8243" box="[638,817,1835,1862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2019-11-16">
<collectingDate id="5E21433B132E1F20FF017C79C55A8243" box="[638,817,1835,1862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2019-11-16">16 Nov. 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="972EF9C5132E1F20FE397C7EC59A8240" box="[838,1009,1835,1862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. Kalaimagal</collectorName>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20F97E7C7EC22E8240" box="[1025,1093,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
leg.; 
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20F9E77C7EC31C8240" box="[1176,1399,1835,1862]" collectionCode="ZSI-WRC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ZSI-WRC C.1960</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="08AF4001132E1F20FDC27C1DC6AC826C" bold="true" box="[189,199,1871,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">•</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8AB3964E132E1F20FDA87C1DC7BE82AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3504008314" accessionNumber="WHT 10749" collectingDate="1997-12-07" collectionCode="WHT" collectorName="M. M. Bahir" country="India" county="Kanchipuram District" elevation="1" latitude="12.745" location="Mamallapuram" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="80.22" municipality="Madras Crocodile Bank" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="ZRC 2003.0243, WHT 10749" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132E1F20FDA87C1DC764826C" box="[215,271,1871,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; 
<collectingCounty id="D305E49F132E1F20FC5B7C1DC444826C" box="[292,559,1871,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kanchipuram District</collectingCounty>
, 
<locationDeviation id="2BD68531132E1F20FF3C7C1DC2C4826C" box="[579,1199,1871,1897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">paddy fields in front of Madras Crocodile Bank</locationDeviation>
, 
<location id="3F04CAC8132E1F20F9BC7C1DC31D826C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B2722D0513231F39FF727DDAC75D8426:3F04CAC8132E1F20F9BC7C1DC31D826C" box="[1219,1398,1871,1897]" country="India" county="Kanchipuram District" latitude="12.745" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="80.22" municipality="Madras Crocodile Bank" name="Mamallapuram" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Mamallapuram</location>
[= 
<location id="3F04CAC8132E1F20FDA47C23C7F78289" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B2722D0513231F39FF727DDAC75D8426:3F04CAC8132E1F20FDA47C23C7F78289" box="[219,412,1905,1932]" country="India" county="Kanchipuram District" latitude="12.745" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="80.22" municipality="Madras Crocodile Bank" name="Mahabalipuram" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Mahabalipuram</location>
]; 
<geoCoordinate id="5FEFFAD4132E1F20FCCE7C20C4448289" box="[433,559,1906,1933]" degrees="12.745" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="12.745">12.745° N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5FEFFAD4132E1F20FF417C20C4D18289" box="[574,698,1906,1932]" degrees="80.220" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="80.22">80.220° E</geoCoordinate>
; alt. 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132E1F20FF877C20C5408289" box="[760,811,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1.0">
<elevation id="B1F67B20132E1F20FF877C20C5408289" box="[760,811,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
<date id="4E65BAD3132E1F20FE457C20C5B98289" box="[826,978,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1997-12-07">
<collectingDate id="5E21433B132E1F20FE457C20C5B98289" box="[826,978,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="1997-12-07">7 Dec. 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
; 
<collectorName id="972EF9C5132E1F20FE9E7C20C2048289" box="[993,1135,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">M.M. Bahir</collectorName>
leg.; 
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20F9C87C20C31C8289" box="[1207,1399,1906,1932]" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ZRC 2003.0243</specimenCode>
(formerly 
<specimenCode id="6A7D3468132E1F20FC4B7CC4C7A782AA" box="[308,460,1941,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">WHT 10749</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6EA4CC9B132F1F21FDC27C2AC4E582DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" targetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="3A649C13132F1F21FDC27C2AC4E582DC" blockId="9.[189,1399,1912,2010]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132F1F21FDC27C2AC7648297" bold="true" box="[189,271,1912,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132F1F21FC637C2AC5558296" authority="(Heller, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[284,830,1912,1939]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132F1F21FC637C2AC4EF8297" box="[284,644,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132F1F21FFE67C2AC55E8296" author="Heller C." box="[665,821,1912,1939]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, lectotype, ♂ (37.4 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132F1F21F9467C2AC2218297" bold="true" box="[1081,1098,1912,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">×</emphasis>
28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132F1F21FC617CC9C75882B0" bold="true" box="[286,307,1947,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132F1F21FFA97CCEC48182B3" bold="true" box="[726,746,1948,1974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
. Left G1, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132F1F21FE897CC9C26082B0" bold="true" box="[1014,1035,1947,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
. Left G1, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132F1F21F85D7CCEC35C82B3" bold="true" box="[1314,1335,1948,1974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="72C1CF98132C1F24FDC27A5AC31D84B5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A649C13132C1F22FDC27A5AC4428426" blockId="10.[189,553,264,291]" box="[189,553,264,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="612C2B7F132C1F22FDC27A5AC4428426" bold="true" box="[189,553,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132C1F22FDC27A5AC4428426" bold="true" box="[189,553,264,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Description of male 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132C1F22FCC67A5BC4428426" box="[441,553,265,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132C1F22FDC27A65C566863B" blockId="10.[188,1401,311,830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Carpace broader than long (CW/CL=1.3), deep (
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132C1F22FF8C7A65C5778454" box="[755,796,311,337]" name="Switzerland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">CH</collectingCountry>
/CL= 0.7); dorsal surface strongly convex in frontal view, smooth except for epigastric cristae, postorbital cristae and posterolateral surfaces; anterolateral margins gently convex, cristate, shorter than posterolateral margins; posterolateral margins medially concave; epigastric cristae well-developed, sharp, distinctly anterior to postorbital cristae; postorbital cristae sharp, distinctly curved, each sloping posteriorly towards postorbital region, then anteriorly towards anterolateral margin; external orbital angle triangular, with outer margin circa 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth distinct, blunt, above level of postorbital cristae; postorbital region concave; branchial regions gently inflated; cervical grooves shallow, narrow, discontinuous, not reaching to level of postorbital cristae; mesogastric groove deep, narrow, short, bifurcated posteriorly; H-shaped groove distinct; subhepatic region rugose; suborbital region almost smooth; pterygostomial region smooth; supraorbital margin cristate, smooth, medially straight; suborbital margin concave, cristate with low granules, discontinuous with supraorbital margin; frontal median triangle complete, as broad as frontal margin, lateral margins joining dorsal margin; front gently sloping downwards, subtrapezoidal; frontal margin smooth, cristate, broad (FW/CW= 0.3), medially concave in dorsal view; epistomal medial lobe with distinct, blunt tooth (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FF007876C56B863B" box="[639,768,804,830]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3A–B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132C1F22FDC27834C4EC86A6" blockId="10.[189,1398,869,931]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Eyes relatively small as compared to orbital space; eyestalk short, narrow, laterally concave; cornea moderately large, pigmented (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FF6278DAC41286A6" box="[541,633,904,931]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132C1F22FDC27898C5238191" blockId="10.[189,1399,970,1172]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Antennules long, folded in longitudinally broad fossae; antennae very long, reaching beyond eyestalk (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FDB878BFC74D8102" box="[199,294,1005,1032]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Mandibular palp 2-segmented; terminal segment bilobed. First, second maxillipeds each with long flagellum on exopod. Third maxillipeds cover most of buccal cavity when closed; ischium subrectangular, longer than broad, with deep, oblique submedial groove; merus subrectangular, broader than long, sunken; exopod moderately stout, distally narrow, longer than ischium, reaching proximal half of merus, with well-developed flagellum (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FFA07F28C5518191" box="[735,826,1146,1172]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132C1F22FDC27FE9C237803A" blockId="10.[189,1399,1211,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Chelipeds smooth, unequal, left chela larger. Major chela with blunt teeth on each finger, very small gape when fingers closed; dactylus curved, slender, elongated; palm smooth, elongated; carpus generally smooth, gently inflated, with long, narrow, blunt (eroded) inner distal major tooth and very low subbasal granule; merus generally smooth, lacking subterminal spine (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FEB17E77C23B803A" box="[974,1104,1317,1343]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132C1F22FDC27E34C48380C2" blockId="10.[189,1398,1382,1479]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Ambulatory legs moderately stout, shorter than chelipeds, P3 longest, glabrous; merus (P2–P5) lacking subdistal spine; dactylus (P2–P5) gently recurved, subequal in length to propodus, with few distinct, sharp chitinous spines on margins (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FF247EFFC4B180C2" box="[603,730,1453,1479]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 3A, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132C1F22FDC27EBCC58B83BD" blockId="10.[188,1399,1518,1721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Thoracic sternites smooth, glabrous, sparsely punctate; S1 and S2 separated by deep groove; S2/S3 visible as shallow medial depression, not reaching lateral margins; S3/S4 only visible as shallow lateral depressions; S4/S5, S5/S6, S6/S7 deep, narrow, medially interrupted; S7/S8 shallow, narrow, with medial transverse ridge, interrupting longitudinal groove (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FE067D0AC5B78377" box="[889,988,1624,1650]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FE937D0AC27F8377" box="[1004,1044,1624,1650]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4A</figureCitation>
). Pleonal locking mechanism with prominent tubercle on submedial part of S5 (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FE7D7D29C50B8390" box="[770,864,1659,1685]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Sternopleonal cavity deep, long, reaching to imaginary line joining anterior part of cheliped coxae (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FE417DCCC5F583BD" box="[830,926,1694,1720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FED47DCCC5B883BD" box="[939,979,1694,1720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132C1F22FDC27DB2C48182AF" blockId="10.[187,1400,1760,1962]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Pleon narrowly triangular, with concave lateral margins; somites 1, 2 narrower than somite 3; somite 3 broadest, with strongly convex lateral margins; somites 4, 5 trapezoidal, with straight lateral margins; somite 6 trapezoidal, broader than long (proximal width circa 1.6 times medial length), distinctly longer than preceding somites, with gently concave lateral margins (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FEF17C1BC5858266" box="[910,1006,1865,1891]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FE847C18C24E8261" box="[1019,1061,1866,1892]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7M</figureCitation>
). Telson slightly longer than pleonal somite 6, slightly longer than broad (medial length circa 1.1 times proximal width), with concave lateral margins and narrow apex (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FF3B7CC2C4CF82AF" box="[580,676,1936,1962]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132C1F22FFCE7CC2C4B582AF" box="[689,734,1936,1962]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7M</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6EA4CC9B132D1F23FDC27C24C25B82D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" targetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="3A649C13132D1F23FDC27C24C25B82D2" blockId="11.[189,1399,1910,2007]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132D1F23FDC27C24C7608295" bold="true" box="[189,267,1910,1936]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132D1F23FC6B7C24C5408294" authority="(Heller, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[276,811,1910,1937]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132D1F23FC6B7C24C4128295" box="[276,633,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132D1F23FFF67C24C5498294" author="Heller C." box="[649,802,1910,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132D1F23F9367C24C2318295" bold="true" box="[1097,1114,1910,1936]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">×</emphasis>
28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132D1F23FC5F7CCBC75E82B6" bold="true" box="[288,309,1945,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
. Entire animal, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132D1F23FFF27CCBC4F482B6" bold="true" box="[653,671,1945,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
. Cephalothorax, frontal view. 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132D1F23F9757CCBC27582B6" bold="true" box="[1034,1054,1945,1971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
. Entire animal, ventral view. 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132D1F23FDC17CEEC6B982D3" bold="true" box="[190,210,1980,2006]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132A1F24FDC27A5BC31D84B5" blockId="12.[187,1399,265,433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
G1 relatively slender, with tip gently hooked downwards, not reaching S5/S6; terminal segment and distal portion of subterminal segment longitudinally strongly twisted full turn, clockwise in left G1 and anticlockwise in right G1; twisted portion long, circa 0.5 times length of non-twisted portion; non-twisted portion with outer margin sharply curved, straight towards base; groove for G2 lateral (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24F9CF7A20C35E8488" box="[1200,1333,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 4A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24F8407A21C3038488" box="[1343,1384,371,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">7K</figureCitation>
). G2 circa 1.1 times length of G1; distal segment long, circa 0.5 times length of basal segment (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24F8757AC4C30284B5" box="[1290,1385,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C1CF98132A1F38FDC27A85C51E87A3" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3A649C13132A1F24FDC27A85C74484F4" blockId="12.[189,303,471,497]" box="[189,303,471,497]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="612C2B7F132A1F24FDC27A85C74484F4" bold="true" box="[189,303,471,497]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="3">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132A1F24FDC27A85C74484F4" bold="true" box="[189,303,471,497]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132A1F24FDC27954C4D3804F" blockId="12.[187,1400,518,1354]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132A1F24FDC27954C7228724" author="Bott R." box="[189,329,518,545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref13735" refString="Bott R. 1968. Parathelphusiden aus Hinterindien (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parathelphusidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 49 (5): 403 - 422." type="journal article" year="1968">Bott (1968)</bibRefCitation>
listed the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FCB17954C4518725" box="[462,570,518,544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(male) and 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24FFAE7954C5A38725" box="[721,968,518,544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic" typeStatus="paralectotypes">seven paralectotypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24FEA27954C2368725" box="[989,1117,518,544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24F9E17954C32A8724" box="[1182,1345,518,545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
) for 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132A1F24FDC2797BC71B8746" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[189,368,553,579]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132A1F24FDC2797BC71B8746" box="[189,368,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from NHMW, with locality as “Taiti”, most probably the 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132A1F24F958797BC28E8746" box="[1063,1253,553,579]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
. Neither the specific catalogue number nor the size of the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FFA8791EC5288763" box="[727,835,588,614]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
was mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132A1F24F955791FC2DC8762" author="Bott R." box="[1066,1207,588,615]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref13735" refString="Bott R. 1968. Parathelphusiden aus Hinterindien (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parathelphusidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 49 (5): 403 - 422." type="journal article" year="1968">Bott (1968)</bibRefCitation>
. Bott also never illustrated the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FC13793DC7B3878C" box="[364,472,623,649]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FF6E793DC416878C" box="[529,637,623,649]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
male designated by him. Instead, he provided the figures of a male specimen from “ 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132A1F24FCBC79C0C42E87A9" box="[451,581,658,684]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nikobaren</collectingCountry>
” located in the Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132A1F24FDC279E4C74187D5" box="[189,298,694,720]" name="Germany" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Germany</collectingCountry>
(SMF 4406) (see 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132A1F24FF7579E4C4EE87D5" author="Bott R." box="[522,645,694,720]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref13735" refString="Bott R. 1968. Parathelphusiden aus Hinterindien (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parathelphusidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 49 (5): 403 - 422." type="journal article" year="1968">Bott 1968</bibRefCitation>
: figs 3–4, 26; 1970: pl. 18 figs 12–14, pl. 29 fig. 68). NHMW possesses three lots (NHMW CR 24940–24942) from “Taiti”, and the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FE9A798BC23A87F6" box="[997,1105,729,755]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is supposedly designated from the lot NHMW CR 24941 that actually contains 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24FE4279AEC5D18613" box="[829,954,764,790]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24FE8A79AEC2FC8613" box="[1013,1175,764,790]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
. Peter Dworschak, the former curator of the Crustacea collections of NHMW, confirmed that the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24F920784DC2A0863C" box="[1119,1227,799,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132A1F24FDC27811C72C8658" author="Bott R." box="[189,327,834,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref13735" refString="Bott R. 1968. Parathelphusiden aus Hinterindien (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parathelphusidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 49 (5): 403 - 422." type="journal article" year="1968">Bott (1968)</bibRefCitation>
was not marked specifically among the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FE557810C5BD8659" box="[810,982,834,860]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
, and the right gonopods have been removed from 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24FC137834C78F8685" box="[364,484,870,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
but kept in the same vial. Without accurate information on catalogue number and size of the specimen, and in the absence of any illustration, the particular 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24F92D78DBC2D586A6" box="[1106,1214,905,931]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is now difficult to trace among several 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FCB778FEC41A86C3" box="[456,625,940,966]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
of the depository, even from the most likely lot NHMW CR 24941 (Peter Dworschak, personal communication). 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132A1F24FF9C7882C51A86EF" author="Bott R." box="[739,881,975,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref13735" refString="Bott R. 1968. Parathelphusiden aus Hinterindien (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parathelphusidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 49 (5): 403 - 422." type="journal article" year="1968">Bott (1968)</bibRefCitation>
, therefore, did not unambiguously select a particular 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FC4A78A1C7FB8108" box="[309,400,1011,1037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
to act as the unique name-bearing type of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132A1F24FEFA78A1C25D8109" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[901,1078,1010,1037]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132A1F24FEFA78A1C25D8109" box="[901,1078,1010,1037]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as required by Article 74.5 of the International Code of the Zoological Nomenclature (
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132A1F24FE147F44C59C8135" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[875,1015,1046,1072]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref14408" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, The Natural History Museum, London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
). A new 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24F9247F44C2AC8135" box="[1115,1223,1046,1072]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
should be now designated to avoid further confusion and to stabilize the taxonomy of the species. NHMW possesses 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24FDC07F0EC7208172" box="[191,331,1116,1143]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">43 syntypes</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24FC227F0EC7A18173" box="[349,458,1116,1142]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">17 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24FCA87F0EC4308173" box="[471,603,1116,1142]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">14 females</specimenCount>
, and 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24FFE47F0EC55A8172" box="[667,817,1116,1143]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="juvenile">12 juveniles</specimenCount>
). Among these 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FE977F0FC2398172" box="[1000,1106,1117,1143]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, the largest male is from the lot NHMW CR 24937 that contains this lone male and 
<specimenCount id="2CDD579A132A1F24FEFA7F2DC275819C" box="[901,1054,1151,1177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
. This largest and intact adult male (37.4 × 
<quantity id="FD2331F6132A1F24FC207FF0C7A081B8" box="[351,459,1186,1213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="28.5">28.5 mm</quantity>
) (NHMW CR 24937) from “Nicobaren” is hereby designated as the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24F87B7FF0C31881B9" box="[1284,1395,1186,1212]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, with a new catalogue number (NHMW CR 27063), for the nomenclatural stability of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132A1F24F9C27F94C30481E5" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1213,1391,1222,1248]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132A1F24F9C27F94C30481E5" box="[1213,1391,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The presently designated 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FC947FBBC43C8006" box="[491,599,1257,1283]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is described and illustrated (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24FED47FBBC2448006" box="[939,1071,1257,1283]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 3A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24F9437FBBC2EC8006" box="[1084,1159,1257,1283]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">4A–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24F9EC7FBBC28F8006" box="[1171,1252,1257,1283]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">7K, M</figureCitation>
). One of the female 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FC6A7E5EC7D58023" box="[277,446,1292,1318]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
from the lot NHMW CR 24937 (now with a new catalogue number, NHMW CR 27064) is also illustrated here (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24FF577E7DC4C7804F" box="[552,684,1327,1354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5A–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132A1F24FDC27E23C49D8250" blockId="12.[188,1401,1393,1877]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The female 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FC377E23C78D808E" box="[328,486,1393,1419]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
(NHMW CR 27064) of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132A1F24FE7A7E23C5DD808E" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[773,950,1393,1419]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132A1F24FE7A7E23C5DD808E" box="[773,950,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined in this study is an adult and possesses most of the non-sexual character states (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24FE747EC6C5E280AA" box="[779,905,1428,1455]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
) as those in the male 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24F9F97EC6C29980AB" box="[1158,1266,1428,1454]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designated herein. Its epibranchial tooth, however, is relatively sharper (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24FEE77EE5C59E80D7" box="[920,1013,1463,1490]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) than that of the male 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24F8747EE5C31C80D4" box="[1291,1399,1463,1489]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24FDB77E88C74D80F1" box="[200,294,1498,1524]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). The female 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FCB97E88C40F80F1" box="[454,612,1498,1524]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
(NHMW CR 27064) has almost equal-sized chelipeds, each with a sharp inner distal major tooth on the carpus (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24FFB77EAFC523831D" box="[712,840,1533,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
), whereas the male 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24F9507EAFC2F08312" box="[1071,1179,1533,1559]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
possesses unequal chelipeds, each with an eroded inner distal major tooth on the carpus that appears blunt (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24F9C87D73C35C833E" box="[1207,1335,1569,1595]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-0@7.[292,1296,266,1872]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. Scale bar =10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299799/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
). The pleonal somites and telson of the female 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FFD77D16C52D835B" box="[680,838,1604,1630]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
(NHMW CR 27064) are broadly ovate, which cover the thoracic sternum except for the lateral edges when closed. The pleonal somite 1 is the shortest; pleonal somites 2–5 are progressively longer; pleonal somite 6 is the longest, much broader than long, slightly longer than the telson, with the convex lateral margins (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24FEA67DFFC25083CD" box="[985,1083,1709,1736]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). The telson is triangular, much broader than long, with almost straight lateral margins (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24FEEB7D83C59A83E9" box="[916,1009,1745,1772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). The vulvae on S6 of the female 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FDC27DA6C730820B" box="[189,347,1780,1806]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
(NHMW CR 27064) are positioned apart from each other (VD/SW = circa 0.3), each opens ventrally, subovate, large (occupying circa 0.6 times the length of S6), positioned close to S5/S6, and surrounded by a raised, broad rim (
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132A1F24FFF47C68C4828250" box="[651,745,1850,1877]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1910,1936]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[361,1227,265,1871]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), paralectotype, ♀ (37.8 × 28.6 mm) (NHMW CR 27064). A. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Cephalothorax, frontal view. C. Entire animal, ventral view. D. Thoracic sternites showing vulvae. Scale bars: A–C=10 mm; D =5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299803/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132A1F25FDC27C2EC37F846C" blockId="12.[189,1399,1916,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[188,1399,265,362]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FD8B7C2EC7328293" box="[244,345,1916,1942]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male (MNHN BP 183) of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132A1F24FFDD7C2EC53D8293" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[674,854,1916,1942]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132A1F24FFDD7C2EC53D8293" box="[674,854,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nicobar illustrated in 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132A1F24F9D87C2EC3188293" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[1191,1395,1916,1942]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay (2001</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 24h–l), which should now be regarded as the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24FE627CCDC5D582BC" box="[797,958,1951,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
, is identical with the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132A1F24F9B87CCDC35882BC" box="[1223,1331,1951,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
male (NHMW CR 27063) in the G1 structure. The male specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132A1F24FECB7C90C24F82D9" box="[948,1060,1986,2012]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(MNHN BP 11437; formerly labelled as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FC367A5BC4CC8426" authorityName="Herbst" authorityYear="1794" box="[329,679,265,291]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydrodroma">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FC367A5BC4CC8426" box="[329,679,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spiralothelphusa hydrodroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’; probably determined by Rathbun) also has a similar G1 (see 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FDC37A7FC7CE8442" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[188,421,300,327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay, 2001: 24</bibRefCitation>
a–b) as in the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132B1F25FF377A7EC4DF8443" box="[584,692,300,326]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
male (NHMW CR 27063) of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25F96B7A7FC2AD8443" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1044,1222,300,327]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25F96B7A7FC2AD8443" box="[1044,1222,300,327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132B1F25F9AA7A7EC35E8443" box="[1237,1333,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E08096132B1F25F83E7A7FC3018442" box="[1345,1386,301,327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7K</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FDC27A02C7E1846F" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[189,394,336,362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, however, doubted the locality data of this MNHN specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25F9E67A1DC37B846C" box="[1177,1296,335,361]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132B1F25FDC27AC3C2CB814D" blockId="13.[188,1400,401,1097]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FDC27AC3C44F84AE" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[189,548,401,427]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FDC27AC3C44F84AE" box="[189,548,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally collected during the Novara expedition between 1857– 1859 from four distant localities, viz., 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FFE97AE6C48084CB" box="[662,747,436,462]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
[= present-day 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FECF7AE6C24784CB" box="[944,1068,435,462]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
], Nicobaren [= present-day 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FDC27A85C71284F4" box="[189,377,471,497]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
of 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FCD87A85C78284F7" box="[423,489,471,498]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">India</collectingCountry>
], Madras [= present-day Chennai of 
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F1132B1F25FED57A85C2E884F7" box="[938,1155,471,498]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tamil Nadu State</collectingRegion>
], and Taiti [= Tahiti of 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FD9F7AA8C7D98710" box="[224,434,506,533]" name="French Polynesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">French Polynesia</collectingCountry>
] (
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FCB37AA8C40A8710" author="Heller C." box="[460,609,506,533]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller 1862</bibRefCitation>
). The locality labels from the Novara expedition were obviously wrong (Peter Dworschak, personal communication). All the species of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25F972794CC2BE873D" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1968" box="[1037,1237,542,568]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25F972794CC2BE873D" box="[1037,1237,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spiralothelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are restricted to mainland 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FC247913C7FC875E" box="[347,407,577,603]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">India</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FCA67913C43A875E" box="[473,593,577,603]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FF1A7913C545875E" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[613,814,577,603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FE407913C21D8759" author="Pati S. K. &amp; Sudha Devi A. R." box="[831,1142,577,604]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="416 - 424" refId="ref15080" refString="Pati S. K. &amp; Sudha Devi A. R. 2015. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa, a new freshwater crab (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Thrissur district, Kerala, India. Zootaxa 3963 (3): 416 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3963.3.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Pati &amp; Sudha Devi 2015</bibRefCitation>
). In fact, no primary freshwater crab belonging to 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FF5D7936C4B3877B" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1904" box="[546,728,612,638]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gecarcinucidae</taxonomicName>
is so far known from the 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25F9617936C2B1877B" box="[1054,1242,612,638]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
of 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25F8777936C32F877B" box="[1288,1348,612,638]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">India</collectingCountry>
(cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FDC279D5C7BB87A4" author="Pati S. K. &amp; Thackeray T." box="[189,464,647,673]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 73" refId="ref15136" refString="Pati S. K. &amp; Thackeray T. 2018. The freshwater crab genera Ghatiana Pati &amp; Sharma, Gubernatoriana Bott, and Inglethelphusa Bott (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) revisited, with descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species. Zootaxa 4440 (1): 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4440.1.1" type="journal article" year="2018">Pati &amp; Thackeray 2018</bibRefCitation>
). While documenting the brachyuran crabs of the 
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F1132B1F25F97179D5C31987A4" box="[1038,1394,647,673]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FDC379F9C79B87C0" author="Dev Roy M. K. &amp; Nandi N. C." box="[188,496,682,709]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="185 - 236" refId="ref14062" refString="Dev Roy M. K. &amp; Nandi N. C. 2012. Brachyuran crabs (Crustacea). In: The Director (ed.) Fauna of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, State Fauna Series 19 (Part 1): 185 - 236. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India." type="book chapter" year="2012">Dev Roy &amp; Nandi (2012)</bibRefCitation>
commented that there was no report of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FEA879F9C2E087C1" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[983,1163,682,709]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FEA879F9C2E087C1" box="[983,1163,682,709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25F9A779F8C31987C1" author="Heller C." box="[1240,1394,682,708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller (1862</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FDC0799FC69587ED" author="Heller C." box="[191,254,717,744]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref14313" refString="Heller C. 1865. Crustaceen. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. III. Abtheilung: 1 - 280. Kaiserlich-Konigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, in Commission bei Karl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna." type="journal volume" year="1865">1865</bibRefCitation>
). A recent expedition (during 2018) to the 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FE6F799CC5A687ED" box="[784,973,718,744]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
by the Zoological Survey of 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25F843799CC31387ED" box="[1340,1400,718,744]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">India</collectingCountry>
also could not locate 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FCBE79A3C41E860E" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[449,629,753,779]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FCBE79A3C41E860E" box="[449,629,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or any other gecarcinucid species (K.A. Subramanian, personal communication). The records of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FF3E7846C498862B" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[577,755,788,814]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FF3E7846C498862B" box="[577,755,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nicobar and Tahiti are thus incorrect. All the Sri Lankan species of freshwater crabs appear to be endemic (Bahir 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FEBE786AC5978654" box="[961,1020,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
2005). Moreover, no species of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FDC17808C7ED8671" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1968" box="[190,390,858,884]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FDC17808C7ED8671" box="[190,390,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spiralothelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FCB47808C4568671" box="[459,573,858,884]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
has a G1 like that of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FE4D7809C5888671" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[818,995,858,885]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FE4D7809C5888671" box="[818,995,858,885]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FE8D7808C33E8671" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1010,1365,858,884]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FE8D7808C33E8671" box="[1010,1365,858,884]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is, therefore, less likely to occur in 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FF51782CC4C8869D" box="[558,675,894,920]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
. It might be originated from “Madras”, or possibly somewhere in the 
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F1132B1F25FC7278F3C78F86BE" box="[269,484,929,955]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tamil Nadu State</collectingRegion>
, near the present-day Chennai. 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FE1978F3C24D86B9" author="Scherzer K." box="[870,1062,929,956]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref15375" refString="Scherzer K. 1861. Narrative of the Circumnavigation of the Globe by the Austrian Frigate Novara, (Commodore B. Von Wullerstorf-Urbair,) Undertaken by Order of the Imperial Government, in the Years of 1857, 1858, &amp; 1859, under the Immediate Auspices of His I. and R. Highness the Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, Commander-in-Chief of the Austrian Navy. Vol. 1. Saunders, Otley &amp; Co., London." type="book" year="1861">Scherzer (1861)</bibRefCitation>
while narrating the Novara expedition mentioned that the tanks (or artificial basins) in the Vellore region of Tamil Nadu supply irrigation water for rice fields, which could be the preferred habitat of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FE9578BAC2F08104" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1002,1179,999,1026]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FE9578BAC2F08104" box="[1002,1179,999,1026]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, no 
<typeStatus id="E56022B1132B1F25FDC37F59C6848120" box="[188,239,1035,1061]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FC047F59C4408121" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[379,555,1034,1061]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FC047F59C4408121" box="[379,555,1034,1061]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from “Madras” could be located in NHMW (Peter Dworschak, personal communication). It seems none of the original localities of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FE0C7F7CC24F814D" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[883,1060,1070,1096]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FE0C7F7CC24F814D" box="[883,1060,1070,1096]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is correct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C13132B1F26FDC27F3DC21F812F" blockId="13.[189,1399,1135,1232]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1401,265,1066]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Other known localities of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FC8E7F3DC4C9818C" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[497,674,1135,1161]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FC8E7F3DC4C9818C" box="[497,674,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the Malabar Coast [= present-day the northern part of the 
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F1132B1F25FDC27FC0C73B81A9" box="[189,336,1170,1196]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
in the south-western coast of 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC83132B1F25FFBF7FC0C49481A8" box="[704,767,1170,1197]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">India</collectingCountry>
] (H. 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FE3E7FC0C22B81A8" author="Milne Edwards H." box="[833,1088,1170,1197]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="163 - 228" refId="ref14499" refString="Milne Edwards H. 1853. Memoire sur la famille des Ocypodiens. Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie, Serie 3 20: 163 - 228." type="journal article" year="1853">Milne Edwards 1853</bibRefCitation>
; A. 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25F90C7FC0C31981A9" author="Milne-Edwards A." box="[1139,1394,1170,1196]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="161 - 191" refId="ref14527" refString="Milne-Edwards A. 1869. Revision du genre Thelphuse et description de quelques especes nouvelles. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'histoire naturelle de Paris 5: 161 - 191." type="journal article" year="1869">Milne-Edwards 1869</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FDC27FE7C7CE81D5" author="Wood-Mason J." box="[189,421,1205,1232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="201 - 207" refId="ref15599" refString="Wood-Mason J. 1871. Contribution to Indian Carcinology. - On Indian and Malayan Telphusidae, Part-I. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part II (Physical Science) 40 (No. 3): 201 - 207." type="journal article" year="1871">Wood-Mason 1871</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FCCB7FE7C41781D5" author="Henderson J. R." box="[436,636,1205,1232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="325 - 458" refId="ref14376" refString="Henderson J. R. 1893. A contribution to Indian carcinology. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2 5 (10): 325 - 458." type="journal article" year="1893">Henderson 1893</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FFF47FE4C55081D5" author="Ortmann A. E." box="[651,827,1206,1232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="411 - 494" refId="ref14817" refString="Ortmann A. E. 1893. Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der von Herrn Dr. Doderlein bei Japan und bei den Liu-Kiu-Inseln gesammelten und zur Zeit im Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten Formen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 7 (3): 411 - 494." type="journal article" year="1893">Ortmann 1893</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FE347FE4C5E281D5" author="Ortmann A. E." box="[843,905,1206,1232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="258 - 372" refId="ref14876" refString="Ortmann A. E. 1897. Carcinologische Studien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 10 (3): 258 - 372." type="journal article" year="1897">1897</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FEE77FE7C22F81D5" author="Rathbun M. J." box="[920,1092,1205,1232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="225 - 312" refId="ref15300" refString="Rathbun M. J. 1904. Les crabes d'eau douce (Potamonidae). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'histoire naturelle, Paris, Serie 4 6: 225 - 312." type="journal article" year="1904">Rathbun 1904</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25F92B7FE4C37C81D5" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[1108,1303,1206,1232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F26F8587FE7C7568426" author="Rajesh L. &amp; Raj S. &amp; Pati S. K. &amp; Kumar A. B." lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="132 - 153" refId="ref15254" refString="Rajesh L., Raj S., Pati S. K. &amp; Kumar A. B. 2017. The freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Kerala, India. Journal of Aquatic Biology &amp; Fisheries 5: 132 - 153." type="journal article" year="2017">
Rajesh 
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FDC27A58C69C8426" box="[189,247,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
), the Mulugu District of the 
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F113281F26FFF67A5BC5288426" box="[649,835,265,291]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Telangana State</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FE2E7A5BC22E8426" author="Pati S. K. &amp; Mandal S." box="[849,1093,265,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 118" refId="ref14958" refString="Pati S. K. &amp; Mandal S. 2021. Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura (Freshwater Crabs). In: Chandra K., Jaiswal D., Raghunathan C., Jadhav S. S. &amp; Karuthapandi M. (eds) Current Status of Faunal Diversity in Telangana: 113 - 118. The Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India." type="book chapter" year="2021">Pati &amp; Mandal 2021</bibRefCitation>
), and the Tadoba National Park of the 
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F113281F26FC347A7EC44A8443" box="[331,545,300,326]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Maharashtra State</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FF4D7A7EC5428443" author="Pati S. K. &amp; Sharma R. M." box="[562,809,300,326]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref15029" refString="Pati S. K. &amp; Sharma R. M. 2014. Freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) in the collection of the Western Regional Centre, Pune. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper 363: 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2014">Pati &amp; Sharma 2014</bibRefCitation>
sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FE027A7EC2C28442" author="Pati S. K. &amp; Sudha Devi A. R." box="[893,1193,300,327]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="416 - 424" refId="ref15080" refString="Pati S. K. &amp; Sudha Devi A. R. 2015. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa, a new freshwater crab (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Thrissur district, Kerala, India. Zootaxa 3963 (3): 416 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3963.3.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Pati &amp; Sudha Devi 2015</bibRefCitation>
). These localities are also incorrect since the G1s of the available specimens or illustrated specimens (see 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F9B47A1DC6978488" author="Pati S. K. &amp; Sharma R. M." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref15029" refString="Pati S. K. &amp; Sharma R. M. 2014. Freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) in the collection of the Western Regional Centre, Pune. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper 363: 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2014">Pati &amp; Sharma 2014</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 11d–e; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FCF87A21C40F8489" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[391,612,370,397]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay 2001: 24</bibRefCitation>
c–f are completely different from the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B113281F26F96A7A20C2EA8489" box="[1045,1153,370,396]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(NHMW CR 27063) designated herein for 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FCB77AC4C41684B5" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[456,637,406,432]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FCB77AC4C41684B5" box="[456,637,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In fact, these specimens do not have a resemblance with the known species of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FCE67AEBC40A84D6" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1968" box="[409,609,441,467]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FCE67AEBC40A84D6" box="[409,609,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spiralothelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the G1 structure. 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FE1D7AE8C21D84D6" author="Beenaerts N. &amp; Pethiyagoda R. &amp; Ng P. K. L. &amp; Yeo D. C. J. &amp; Bex G. J. &amp; Bahir M. M. &amp; Artois T." box="[866,1142,441,468]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="183 - 196" refId="ref13651" refString="Beenaerts N., Pethiyagoda R., Ng P. K. L., Yeo D. C. J., Bex G. J., Bahir M. M. &amp; Artois T. 2010. Phylogenetic diversity of Sri Lankan freshwater crabs and its implications for conservation. Molecular Ecology 19 (1): 183 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2009.04439. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Beenaerts 
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FE9F7AE8C27584D6" box="[992,1054,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
included a specimen (WHT 10793) of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FCF47A8FC45684F3" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[395,573,476,503]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FCF47A8FC45684F3" box="[395,573,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mamallapuram [= Mahabalipuram] of the Kanchipuram District of 
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F113281F26FDA27AADC703871C" box="[221,360,511,537]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
in their phylogenetic analysis. The specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FEDD7952C238871C" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[930,1107,511,538]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FEDD7952C238871C" box="[930,1107,511,538]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F87C7952C7248738" author="Beenaerts N. &amp; Pethiyagoda R. &amp; Ng P. K. L. &amp; Yeo D. C. J. &amp; Bex G. J. &amp; Bahir M. M. &amp; Artois T." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="183 - 196" refId="ref13651" refString="Beenaerts N., Pethiyagoda R., Ng P. K. L., Yeo D. C. J., Bex G. J., Bahir M. M. &amp; Artois T. 2010. Phylogenetic diversity of Sri Lankan freshwater crabs and its implications for conservation. Molecular Ecology 19 (1): 183 - 196. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2009.04439. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Beenaerts 
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FDC27971C6928739" box="[189,249,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
could not be traced in the most likely depository (ZRC). An adult male (ZRC 2003.0243; formerly WHT 10749) from the same locality (see additional material section), however, possesses an identical G1 (
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613281F26FC1D793BC7D58781" box="[354,446,617,644]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1905,1931]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-403@13.[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). Dorsal view of left G1. A. ♂ (38.3 × 29.0 mm) (ZRC 2003.0243; formerly WHT 10749). B. ♂ (41.0 × 30.8 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1995). C. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). Scale bars =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299805/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
) as that of the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B113281F26FF0A793BC48A8786" box="[629,737,617,643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
male (NHMW CR 27063) of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26F932793BC36B8786" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1101,1280,617,643]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26F932793BC36B8786" box="[1101,1280,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613281F26F86F793BC31A8786" box="[1296,1393,617,643]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613281F26FDC079DFC68C87A2" box="[191,231,653,679]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7K</figureCitation>
). Furthermore, the G1 of the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B113281F26FF2879DEC4D587A3" box="[599,702,652,678]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male (NHM 1892.7.15.241) of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26F93879DEC71387CC" authority="Fernando, 1960" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Paratelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innominata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26F93879DEC31C87A3" box="[1095,1399,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paratelphusa innominata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FDC279FDC71387CC" author="Fernando C. H." box="[189,376,687,713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="191 - 222" refId="ref14179" refString="Fernando C. H. 1960. The Ceylonese Freshwater Crabs (Potamonidae). Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 3 (2): 191 - 222." type="journal article" year="1960">Fernando, 1960</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from Madras illustrated in 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FFBE79E2C5EC87CF" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[705,903,688,714]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay (2001</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 23i) is similar to that of the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B113281F26F87479FDC31C87CC" box="[1291,1399,687,713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
male (NHMW CR 27063) of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FF6A7981C4AC87E9" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[533,711,722,749]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FF6A7981C4AC87E9" box="[533,711,722,749]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613281F26FFA97980C55D87E8" box="[726,822,722,749]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613281F26FE3D7981C50087E8" box="[834,875,723,749]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7K</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FE017981C22C87E8" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[894,1095,723,749]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay (2001)</bibRefCitation>
argued that 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26F9A77980C7288615" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Paratelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innominata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26F9A77980C7288615" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paratelphusa innominata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FFD279A4C5348615" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[685,863,758,784]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FFD279A4C5348615" box="[685,863,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, albeit some specimens of the former species from 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC8313281F26FC7E784BC7138636" box="[257,376,793,819]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FF67784BC48B8631" author="Fernando C. H." box="[536,736,793,820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="191 - 222" refId="ref14179" refString="Fernando C. H. 1960. The Ceylonese Freshwater Crabs (Potamonidae). Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 3 (2): 191 - 222." type="journal article" year="1960">Fernando (1960)</bibRefCitation>
are now known as 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FEA9784BC2028636" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1994" box="[982,1129,793,819]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fernandoi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FEA9784BC2028636" box="[982,1129,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. fernandoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F903784BC2808636" author="Ng P. K. L." box="[1148,1259,793,819]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref14669" refString="Ng P. K. L. 1994. A note on the freshwater crabs of the genus Spiralothelphusa Bott, 1968 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka. Journal of South Asian natural History 1 (1): 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1994">Ng 1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F9847848C6978653" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay 2001</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FC6A786FC7B48653" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Guinot D. &amp; Davie P. J. F." box="[277,479,828,855]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref14767" refString="Ng P. K. L., Guinot D. &amp; Davie P. J. F. 2008. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng 
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FC3A786FC7EE8653" box="[325,389,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
also listed 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FF0D786EC5C88653" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="1960" box="[626,931,828,854]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Paratelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innominata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FF0D786EC5C88653" box="[626,931,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paratelphusa innominata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as one of the two primary synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FD9E7832C7FD867C" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[225,406,863,890]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FD9E7832C7FD867C" box="[225,406,863,890]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without any comment. We now confirm 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FEEB780DC2A8867C" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="1960" box="[916,1219,863,889]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Paratelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innominata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FEEB780DC2A8867C" box="[916,1219,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paratelphusa innominata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a junior subjective synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FCB278D1C4158699" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[461,638,898,925]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FCB278D1C4158699" box="[461,638,898,925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as their G1s have no difference. As such, the previous records of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FDC278F4C70586C5" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[189,366,934,960]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FDC278F4C70586C5" box="[189,366,934,960]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Mamallapuram and “Madras” of 
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F113281F26FE4578F4C5AE86C5" box="[826,965,934,960]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
are reliable. Some recently collected specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FC20789BC47B86E6" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[351,528,969,995]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FC20789BC47B86E6" box="[351,528,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see additional material section) from Chennai and Kanchipuram districts of 
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F113281F26FDA278BEC7038103" box="[221,360,1004,1030]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
further confirm the presence of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FF9B78BFC5FD8103" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[740,918,1004,1031]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FF9B78BFC5FD8103" box="[740,918,1004,1031]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the state as those specimens resemble the 
<typeStatus id="E56022B113281F26FD967F5DC73E812C" box="[233,341,1039,1065]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
male (NHMW CR 27063) in the G1 structure (
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613281F26FEFF7F5DC58B812F" box="[896,992,1039,1066]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613281F26FE937F5DC258812F" box="[1004,1075,1039,1066]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1905,1931]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-403@13.[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). Dorsal view of left G1. A. ♂ (38.3 × 29.0 mm) (ZRC 2003.0243; formerly WHT 10749). B. ♂ (41.0 × 30.8 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1995). C. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). Scale bars =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299805/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">6B, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613281F26F9407F42C203812F" box="[1087,1128,1040,1066]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6EA4CC9B132B1F25FDC27C23C50D82D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299805" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299805/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[189,232,1905,1931]" targetBox="[361,1227,1310,1868]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="3A649C13132B1F25FDC27C23C50D82D7" blockId="13.[189,1401,1905,2003]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FDC27C23C767828E" bold="true" box="[189,268,1905,1931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE790132B1F25FC697C23C55B8289" authority="(Heller, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[278,816,1905,1932]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FC697C23C410828E" box="[278,635,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E2132B1F25FFF27C23C54D8289" author="Heller C." box="[653,806,1905,1932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Dorsal view of left G1. 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25F9207C23C219828E" bold="true" box="[1119,1138,1905,1931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
. ♂ (38.3 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25F9977C23C292828E" bold="true" box="[1256,1273,1905,1931]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">×</emphasis>
29.0 mm) (ZRC 2003.0243; formerly WHT 10749). 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FFA47CC7C48482AA" bold="true" box="[731,751,1941,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
. ♂ (41.0 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FE047CC7C5E782AA" bold="true" box="[891,908,1941,1967]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">×</emphasis>
30.8 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1995). 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25F84C7CC6C32382AB" bold="true" box="[1331,1352,1940,1966]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
. ♂ (37.5 
<emphasis id="08AF4001132B1F25FC7E7CEAC77982D7" bold="true" box="[257,274,1976,2002]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">×</emphasis>
27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). Scale bars =1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313281F26FDC27F03C7548067" blockId="14.[185,1399,1105,1378]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FDC27F03C7328169" author="Heller C." box="[189,345,1105,1132]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14313" refString="Heller C. 1865. Crustaceen. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. III. Abtheilung: 1 - 280. Kaiserlich-Konigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, in Commission bei Karl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna." type="journal volume" year="1865">Heller (1865)</bibRefCitation>
provided emended characters for 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FFAC7F03C369816E" authority="H. Milne Edwards, 1837" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[723,1282,1105,1131]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaudii">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FFAC7F03C58E816E" box="[723,997,1105,1131]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa leschenaudii</emphasis>
H. Milne Edwards, 1837
</taxonomicName>
, followed by a brief description, which are almost identical to the Latin description of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26F9317F26C33C818B" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1862" box="[1102,1367,1140,1166]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wullerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26F9317F26C33C818B" box="[1102,1367,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa wüllerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FDC17FC5C70A81B7" author="Heller C." box="[190,353,1175,1202]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller (1862)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FC137FC5C46081B7" author="Heller C." box="[364,523,1175,1202]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14313" refString="Heller C. 1865. Crustaceen. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. III. Abtheilung: 1 - 280. Kaiserlich-Konigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, in Commission bei Karl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna." type="journal volume" year="1865">Heller (1865)</bibRefCitation>
also mentioned the same localities for 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FEAD7FC5C28381B4" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[978,1256,1175,1201]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaudii">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FEAD7FC5C28381B4" box="[978,1256,1175,1201]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa leschenaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as in 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F8527FC5C76081D0" author="Heller C." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller (1862)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FC3B7FE8C43B81D1" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1862" box="[324,592,1210,1236]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wullerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FC3B7FE8C43B81D1" box="[324,592,1210,1236]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa wüllerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FFA47FE8C51581D0" author="Heller C." box="[731,894,1210,1237]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14313" refString="Heller C. 1865. Crustaceen. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. III. Abtheilung: 1 - 280. Kaiserlich-Konigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, in Commission bei Karl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna." type="journal volume" year="1865">Heller (1865)</bibRefCitation>
did not provide any figure or illustration for 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FD967F8CC46A81FD" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[233,513,1246,1272]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaudii">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FD967F8CC46A81FD" box="[233,513,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa leschenaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the description and localities indicate the species to be 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26F9D17F8CC73A801E" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26F9D17F8CC73A801E" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In any case, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FF7F7E53C572801E" authorityName="H. Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1837" box="[512,793,1281,1307]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaudii">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FF7F7E53C572801E" box="[512,793,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa leschenaudii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior objective synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26F9C57E53C707803A" authority="Latreille, 1825" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Telphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26F9C57E53C31D801E" box="[1210,1398,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Telphusa indica</emphasis>
Latreille, 1825
</taxonomicName>
, which itself is a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FE627E76C2B3803B" authority="(Herbst, 1799)" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[797,1240,1316,1342]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Oziotelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FE627E76C24E803B" box="[797,1061,1316,1342]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oziotelphusa aurantia</emphasis>
(Herbst, 1799)
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F8687E76C7588067" author="Bahir M. M. &amp; Yeo D. C. J." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="77 - 120" refId="ref13554" refString="Bahir M. M. &amp; Yeo D. C. J. 2005. A revision of the genus Oziotelphusa Muller, 1887 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parathelphusidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 12: 77 - 120." type="journal article" year="2005">Bahir &amp; Yeo 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313281F26FDC27EDBC7618357" blockId="14.[186,1399,1417,1619]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The species reported in 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FCAF7EDBC4A380A6" author="Wood-Mason J." box="[464,712,1417,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="201 - 207" refId="ref15599" refString="Wood-Mason J. 1871. Contribution to Indian Carcinology. - On Indian and Malayan Telphusidae, Part-I. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part II (Physical Science) 40 (No. 3): 201 - 207." type="journal article" year="1871">Wood-Mason (1871)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FFAD7EDBC5C080A6" author="Henderson J. R." box="[722,939,1417,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="325 - 458" refId="ref14376" refString="Henderson J. R. 1893. A contribution to Indian carcinology. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Series 2 5 (10): 325 - 458." type="journal article" year="1893">Henderson (1893)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FECA7EDBC20780A6" author="Ortmann A. E." box="[949,1132,1417,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="411 - 494" refId="ref14817" refString="Ortmann A. E. 1893. Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums, mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der von Herrn Dr. Doderlein bei Japan und bei den Liu-Kiu-Inseln gesammelten und zur Zeit im Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten Formen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 7 (3): 411 - 494." type="journal article" year="1893">Ortmann (1893</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F9097EDBC2DD80A6" author="Ortmann A. E." box="[1142,1206,1417,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="258 - 372" refId="ref14876" refString="Ortmann A. E. 1897. Carcinologische Studien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 10 (3): 258 - 372." type="journal article" year="1897">1897</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F9B77EDBC31980A6" author="Burger O." box="[1224,1394,1417,1443]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref13802" refString="Burger O. 1894. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Gattung Telphusa. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 8 (1): 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1894">Bürger (1894)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FDC57EFEC71A80C3" author="De Man J. G." box="[186,369,1452,1478]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="384 - 440" refId="ref13990" refString="De Man J. G. 1898. Viaggio di Leonardo Fea in Birmanica e regioni vicine. LXXXI. - Note sur quelques especes des genres Parathelphusa H. M. E. et Potamon Sav., recueillies par M. Leonardo Fea pendant son voyage en Birmanie. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, Series 2 19 (39): 384 - 440." type="journal article" year="1898">De Man (1898)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FCD27EFEC40380C3" author="Rathbun M. J." box="[429,616,1452,1478]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="225 - 312" refId="ref15300" refString="Rathbun M. J. 1904. Les crabes d'eau douce (Potamonidae). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'histoire naturelle, Paris, Serie 4 6: 225 - 312." type="journal article" year="1904">Rathbun (1904)</bibRefCitation>
includes 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FFA77EFEC5E780C3" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[728,908,1452,1478]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FFA77EFEC5E780C3" box="[728,908,1452,1478]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as presently defined as well as other taxa, viz., an unidentified species of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FF3D7E9DC56480EC" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1968" box="[578,783,1487,1513]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FF3D7E9DC56480EC" box="[578,783,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spiralothelphusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FE5E7E9DC25A80EC" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[801,1073,1487,1513]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Oziotelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantia">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FE5E7E9DC25A80EC" box="[801,1073,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oziotelphusa aurantia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26F93C7E9DC7FB8308" authority="(Fernando, 1960)" baseAuthorityName="Fernando" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Oziotelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26F93C7E9DC31D80EC" box="[1091,1398,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oziotelphusa ceylonensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FDBA7EA0C7EC8308" author="Fernando C. H." box="[197,391,1522,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="191 - 222" refId="ref14179" refString="Fernando C. H. 1960. The Ceylonese Freshwater Crabs (Potamonidae). Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 3 (2): 191 - 222." type="journal article" year="1960">Fernando, 1960</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FCB17EA0C2498309" authority="(Pati &amp; Sharma, 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Pati &amp; Sharma" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[462,1058,1522,1548]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Oziotelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganjamensis">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FCB17EA0C5618309" box="[462,778,1522,1548]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oziotelphusa ganjamensis</emphasis>
(Pati &amp; Sharma, 2012)
</taxonomicName>
, as evident from the locality records and/or published sources (
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FF297D47C564832A" author="Fernando C. H." box="[598,783,1557,1583]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="191 - 222" refId="ref14179" refString="Fernando C. H. 1960. The Ceylonese Freshwater Crabs (Potamonidae). Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Science) 3 (2): 191 - 222." type="journal article" year="1960">Fernando 1960</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FE637D44C5B38335" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[796,984,1558,1584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FE9B7D47C2AB8335" author="Bahir M. M. &amp; Yeo D. C. J." box="[996,1216,1557,1584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="77 - 120" refId="ref13554" refString="Bahir M. M. &amp; Yeo D. C. J. 2005. A revision of the genus Oziotelphusa Muller, 1887 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parathelphusidae), with descriptions of eight new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 12: 77 - 120." type="journal article" year="2005">Bahir &amp; Yeo 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F9B27D47C6918356" author="Pati S. K. &amp; Vargila F." pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="203 - 216" refId="ref15206" refString="Pati S. K. &amp; Vargila F. 2019. A new species of the freshwater crab genus Oziotelphusa Muller, 1887 from Tamil Nadu, India (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Gecarcinucidae). Spixiana 42 (2): 203 - 216." type="journal article" year="2019">Pati &amp; Vargila 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313281F26FDC27D29C41882AB" blockId="14.[189,1401,1658,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
In addition to 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FC157D28C4F38391" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="1960" box="[362,664,1658,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Paratelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innominata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FC157D28C4F38391" box="[362,664,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paratelphusa innominata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FFD67D28C2298390" authority="Heller, 1865" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[681,1090,1658,1685]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FFD67D28C5C98391" box="[681,930,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa corrugata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FED37D28C2298390" author="Heller C." box="[940,1090,1658,1685]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14313" refString="Heller C. 1865. Crustaceen. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. III. Abtheilung: 1 - 280. Kaiserlich-Konigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, in Commission bei Karl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna." type="journal volume" year="1865">Heller, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, was included as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FC2D7DCCC46F83B2" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[338,516,1693,1720]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FC2D7DCCC46F83B2" box="[338,516,1693,1720]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FF4E7DCCC48483B2" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Guinot D. &amp; Davie P. J. F." box="[561,751,1693,1720]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref14767" refString="Ng P. K. L., Guinot D. &amp; Davie P. J. F. 2008. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng 
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FF217DCCC4F283B2" box="[606,665,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
without further explanation. 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26F9357DCFC32A83B2" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[1098,1345,1693,1719]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26F9357DCFC32A83B2" box="[1098,1345,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from Madras and Java during the Novara expedition (
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F94B7D92C2AC83DE" author="Heller C." box="[1076,1223,1728,1755]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref14313" refString="Heller C. 1865. Crustaceen. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. III. Abtheilung: 1 - 280. Kaiserlich-Konigliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, in Commission bei Karl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna." type="journal volume" year="1865">Heller 1865</bibRefCitation>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FDC07DB6C7D883FB" author="Cumberlidge N." box="[191,435,1764,1790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="571 - 589" refId="ref13835" refString="Cumberlidge N. 1997. The African and Madagascan freshwater crabs in the Museum of Natural History, Vienna (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidea). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 99 B: 571 - 589." type="journal article" year="1997">Cumberlidge (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FCBF7DB6C4D183F8" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[448,698,1764,1790]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FCBF7DB6C4D183F8" box="[448,698,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of 
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FE9C7DB6C29E83FB" box="[995,1269,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Potamonautes perlatus</emphasis>
(H. Milne Edwards, 1837) of the family 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FF5A7C55C5078224" authority="Bott, 1970" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1970" box="[549,876,1799,1825]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Potamonautidae 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FF947C55C5078224" author="Bott R." box="[747,876,1799,1825]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref13762" refString="Bott R. 1970. Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 526: 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1970">Bott, 1970</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Since 
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FEBC7C5AC2BF8224" box="[963,1236,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Potamonautes perlatus</emphasis>
is an African species, the original localities of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FF2B7C78C5248241" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[596,847,1834,1860]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FF2B7C78C5248241" box="[596,847,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are certainly erroneous (
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26F9FB7C78C3018241" author="Cumberlidge N." box="[1156,1386,1834,1860]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="571 - 589" refId="ref13835" refString="Cumberlidge N. 1997. The African and Madagascan freshwater crabs in the Museum of Natural History, Vienna (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidea). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 99 B: 571 - 589." type="journal article" year="1997">Cumberlidge 1997</bibRefCitation>
). In a recent communication, Peter Ng informed that he has no clue how and why 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26F9FF7C1FC31C8262" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[1152,1399,1869,1895]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamidae" genus="Thelphusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corrugata">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26F9FF7C1FC31C8262" box="[1152,1399,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Thelphusa corrugata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013281F26FC037C23C446828F" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[380,557,1904,1931]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FC037C23C446828F" box="[380,557,1904,1931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FF2C7C23C57A828E" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Guinot D. &amp; Davie P. J. F." box="[595,785,1904,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref14767" refString="Ng P. K. L., Guinot D. &amp; Davie P. J. F. 2008. Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">
Ng 
<emphasis id="08AF400113281F26FF027C23C4D3828F" box="[637,696,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
, but that was an error, he now confirms based on the comments from 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213281F26FC027CC6C41B82AB" author="Cumberlidge N." box="[381,624,1940,1966]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="571 - 589" refId="ref13835" refString="Cumberlidge N. 1997. The African and Madagascan freshwater crabs in the Museum of Natural History, Vienna (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamoidea). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 99 B: 571 - 589." type="journal article" year="1997">Cumberlidge (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6EA4CC9B13291F27FDC27D69C21C82B3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" targetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="3A649C1313291F27FDC27D69C21C82B3" blockId="15.[189,1399,1595,1974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FDC27D69C77D8350" bold="true" box="[189,278,1595,1621]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Telson and G1 in 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013291F27FF557D69C5358350" box="[554,862,1595,1621]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FF557D69C49E8350" box="[554,757,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spiralothelphusa</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
showing diagnostic features. 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27F9907D69C3048350" bold="true" box="[1263,1391,1595,1621]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">– A, F, I</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013291F27FDC27D0CC53C837C" authority="Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015" authorityName="Pati &amp; Sudha Devi" authorityYear="2015" box="[189,855,1630,1657]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberosa">
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FDC27D0CC462837D" box="[189,521,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spiralothelphusa gibberosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213291F27FF697D0CC53C837C" author="Pati S. K. &amp; Sudha Devi A. R." box="[534,855,1630,1657]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="416 - 424" refId="ref15080" refString="Pati S. K. &amp; Sudha Devi A. R. 2015. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa, a new freshwater crab (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Thrissur district, Kerala, India. Zootaxa 3963 (3): 416 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3963.3.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, ♂ (28.0 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27F92E7D0DC209837C" bold="true" box="[1105,1122,1631,1657]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FC507DD0C7D28399" bold="true" box="[303,441,1666,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">– B, K, M</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013291F27FCB37DD0C5548398" authority="(Heller, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[460,831,1666,1693]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FCB37DD0C4EF8399" box="[460,644,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213291F27FFE77DD0C55D8398" author="Heller C." box="[664,822,1666,1693]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FE317DD0C5098399" bold="true" box="[846,866,1666,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">B</emphasis>
. ♂ (37.5 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FE9F7DD0C59A8399" bold="true" box="[992,1009,1666,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FDC27DF7C76883BA" bold="true" box="[189,259,1701,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">K, M</emphasis>
. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FF757DF7C47083BA" bold="true" box="[522,539,1701,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FEC57DF7C58783BA" bold="true" box="[954,1004,1701,1727]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">– C</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013291F27F97F7DF7C31983BA" authority="(Herbst, 1794)" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[1024,1394,1701,1727]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydrodroma">
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27F97F7DF7C2D983BA" box="[1024,1202,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. hydrodroma</emphasis>
(Herbst, 1794)
</taxonomicName>
, topotype, ♂ (27.2 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FCE57D9AC7C083E7" bold="true" box="[410,427,1736,1762]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FE4B7D9AC5E783E7" bold="true" box="[820,908,1736,1762]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">– D, G</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013291F27FEE37D9BC2BD83E7" authority="(Fabricius, 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[924,1238,1736,1763]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senex">
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FEE37D9BC59683E7" box="[924,1021,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. senex</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1798)
</taxonomicName>
, lectotype, ♂ (25.9 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FC7D7DB9C7788200" bold="true" box="[258,275,1771,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FFEA7DB9C4878200" bold="true" box="[661,748,1771,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">– E, H</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013291F27FF847DBEC26E8200" authority="Ng, 1994" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1994" box="[763,1029,1771,1798]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fernandoi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FF847DBEC5618203" box="[763,778,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FE677DB9C5E08200" box="[792,907,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">fernandoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213291F27FEEC7DBEC26E8200" author="Ng P. K. L." box="[915,1029,1771,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref14669" refString="Ng P. K. L. 1994. A note on the freshwater crabs of the genus Spiralothelphusa Bott, 1968 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka. Journal of South Asian natural History 1 (1): 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1994">Ng, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, ♂ (35.7 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27F9947DB9C2978200" bold="true" box="[1259,1276,1771,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FCE27C5DC7A1822C" bold="true" box="[413,458,1807,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">– J</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013291F27FCA77C5DC542822C" authority="(Fernando, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Fernando" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[472,809,1806,1833]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FCA77C5DC439822D" box="[472,594,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. parvula</emphasis>
(Fernando, 1961)
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, ♂ (19.4 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27F9747C5DC277822C" bold="true" box="[1035,1052,1807,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FDC27C60C77E8249" bold="true" box="[189,277,1842,1868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">– L, N</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013291F27FC587C60C7F68249" authority="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal, 2022" authorityName="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal" authorityYear="2022" box="[295,413,1842,1868]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andhra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FC587C60C7F68249" box="[295,413,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">S. andhra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="139CFD7A13291F27FCD67C60C4618249" box="[425,522,1842,1868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, ♂ (37.8 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FF827C60C5658249" bold="true" box="[765,782,1842,1868]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27F9BA7C63C296824E" bold="true" box="[1221,1277,1841,1867]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A–B</emphasis>
. Left G1, apical view. 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FC2D7C07C7E1826A" bold="true" box="[338,394,1877,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C, L</emphasis>
. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FECC7C07C582826A" bold="true" box="[947,1001,1877,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">D–F</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FE877C07C247826A" bold="true" box="[1016,1068,1877,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">J–K</emphasis>
. Left G1, dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27F8417C07C304826A" bold="true" box="[1342,1391,1877,1903]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G–I</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="08AF400113291F27FDC27C2AC6968297" bold="true" box="[189,253,1912,1938]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">M–N</emphasis>
. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213291F27FC1D7CCEC44582B0" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[354,558,1947,1974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay (2001)</bibRefCitation>
and I is adapted from 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213291F27FE467CC9C21882B3" author="Pati S. K. &amp; Sudha Devi A. R." box="[825,1139,1947,1974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="416 - 424" refId="ref15080" refString="Pati S. K. &amp; Sudha Devi A. R. 2015. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa, a new freshwater crab (Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Thrissur district, Kerala, India. Zootaxa 3963 (3): 416 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3963.3.5" type="journal article" year="2015">Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313361F38FDC27A5BC51E87A3" blockId="16.[189,1400,265,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FDC27A5BC44F8426" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[189,548,265,291]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FDC27A5BC44F8426" box="[189,548,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a G1 with strongly, longitudinally twisted terminal segment and distal portion of the subterminal segment (fully turned clockwise in the left G1 and anticlockwise in the right G1) like that in 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FF6C7A02C4E4846C" baseAuthorityName="Fernando" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[531,655,335,362]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FF6C7A02C4E4846C" box="[531,655,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. parvula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FFB17A02C528846C" authority="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal, 2022" authorityName="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal" authorityYear="2022" box="[718,835,335,362]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andhra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FFB17A02C528846C" box="[718,835,335,362]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. andhra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="139CFD7A13361F38FE327A02C5C0846F" box="[845,939,336,362]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38FEC27A1DC229846F" box="[957,1090,335,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 4B–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38F92E7A1DC2F1846C" box="[1105,1178,335,361]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1905,1931]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-403@13.[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). Dorsal view of left G1. A. ♂ (38.3 × 29.0 mm) (ZRC 2003.0243; formerly WHT 10749). B. ♂ (41.0 × 30.8 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1995). C. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). Scale bars =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299805/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38F9D67A02C367846F" box="[1193,1292,336,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7B, J–L</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38F8657A02C319846F" box="[1306,1394,336,362]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1911,1937]" captionTargetBox="[365,1224,709,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-144@18.[365,1224,709,1872]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 10. Spiralothelphusa andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ (right G1 removed). B. Pleon. C. Right G1, dorsal view. D. Right G1, ventral view. E. Right G2. Scale bars: A–B =5 mm, C–E= 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299813/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">10C–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38FDC27A21C7788488" box="[189,275,371,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1874,1900]" captionTargetBox="[358,1217,1062,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-231@19.[358,1217,1062,1834]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 11. Spiralothelphusa andhra sp. nov. – A–B. Paratype, ♂ (20.4 × 15.8 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2480). C–E. Paratype, ♂ (15.1 × 11.5 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2257). A, C. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Right G1, dorsal view. D. S1–S4 with telson. E. Left G1, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, C= 10 mm; D =2 mm; B, E=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299815/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">11B, E</figureCitation>
; see 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213361F38FC2F7A21C47A8488" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[336,529,371,397]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Like 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FF177A21C4B68489" authority="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal, 2022" authorityName="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal" authorityYear="2022" box="[616,733,370,397]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andhra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FF177A21C4B68489" box="[616,733,370,397]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. andhra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="139CFD7A13361F38FF997A21C52E8488" box="[742,837,371,397]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FE2C7A21C26D8489" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[851,1030,370,397]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FE2C7A21C26D8489" box="[851,1030,370,397]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nevertheless separated from 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FDC07AC4C75084B5" baseAuthorityName="Fernando" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[191,315,406,432]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FDC07AC4C75084B5" box="[191,315,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. parvula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the relatively slender G1, with the tip gently hooked downwards (
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38F9EC7AC4C37284B5" box="[1171,1305,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1912,1938]" captionTargetBox="[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[360,1226,265,1873]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 4. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862), lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ. B. Left G1, dorsal view. C. Left G1, ventral view. D. Left G2. Scale bars: A= 5 mm; B–D =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299801/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 4B–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38F8567AC4C31984B5" box="[1321,1394,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1905,1931]" captionTargetBox="[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-403@13.[361,1227,1310,1868]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). Dorsal view of left G1. A. ♂ (38.3 × 29.0 mm) (ZRC 2003.0243; formerly WHT 10749). B. ♂ (41.0 × 30.8 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1995). C. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). Scale bars =1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299805/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38FDC27AE8C76F84D1" box="[189,260,442,468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7K–L</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38FC6D7AEBC70284D6" box="[274,361,441,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1911,1937]" captionTargetBox="[365,1224,709,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-144@18.[365,1224,709,1872]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 10. Spiralothelphusa andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A. Thoracic sternites with G1 in situ (right G1 removed). B. Pleon. C. Right G1, dorsal view. D. Right G1, ventral view. E. Right G2. Scale bars: A–B =5 mm, C–E= 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299813/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">10C–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38FC077AEBC7A084D1" box="[376,459,441,468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1874,1900]" captionTargetBox="[358,1217,1062,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-231@19.[358,1217,1062,1834]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 11. Spiralothelphusa andhra sp. nov. – A–B. Paratype, ♂ (20.4 × 15.8 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2480). C–E. Paratype, ♂ (15.1 × 11.5 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2257). A, C. Entire animal, dorsal view. B. Right G1, dorsal view. D. S1–S4 with telson. E. Left G1, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, C= 10 mm; D =2 mm; B, E=1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299815/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">11B, E</figureCitation>
) (vs relatively stouter G1, with the tip strongly curved upwards in 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38F9897AEBC30584D6" baseAuthorityName="Fernando" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1270,1390,441,467]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38F9897AEBC30584D6" box="[1270,1390,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. parvula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38FDC27A8EC77A84F2" box="[189,273,476,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7J</figureCitation>
). On the other hand, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FF6F7A8FC4A884F3" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[528,707,476,503]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FF6F7A8FC4A884F3" box="[528,707,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38F9767A8FC21784F3" authority="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal, 2022" authorityName="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal" authorityYear="2022" box="[1033,1148,476,503]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andhra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38F9767A8FC21784F3" box="[1033,1148,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. andhra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="139CFD7A13361F38F9FA7A8FC28A84F2" box="[1157,1249,477,503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the shape of the male telson and G1 non-twisted portion (see Remarks for 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FEC17952C25A871C" authority="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal, 2022" authorityName="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal" authorityYear="2022" box="[958,1073,511,538]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andhra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FEC17952C25A871C" box="[958,1073,511,538]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. andhra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="139CFD7A13361F38F9457952C2F1871F" box="[1082,1178,512,538]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38F9D07AADC73A8739" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38F9D07AADC73A8739" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
need not be confused with the remaining 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FE2C7970C2118739" box="[851,1146,546,572]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FE2C7970C2708739" box="[851,1051,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spiralothelphusa</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
as it possesses a G1 with fully turned terminal segment and distal portion of the subterminal segment (
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38F9FE7914C2B08765" box="[1153,1243,582,608]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
) (vs G1 with half turned terminal segment and distal portion of the subterminal segment in 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38F93D793BC2BB8786" authorityName="Ng" authorityYear="1994" box="[1090,1232,617,643]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fernandoi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38F93D793BC2BB8786" box="[1090,1232,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. fernandoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38F9A0793BC3048786" authorityName="Pati &amp; Sudha Devi" authorityYear="2015" box="[1247,1391,617,643]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibberosa">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38F9A0793BC3048786" box="[1247,1391,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. gibberosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FDC279DFC70287A3" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[189,361,652,679]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydrodroma">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FDC279DFC70287A3" box="[189,361,652,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. hydrodroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FCD579DFC46387A3" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[426,520,653,679]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senex">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FCD579DFC46387A3" box="[426,520,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S. senex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38FF6879DEC41F87A3" box="[535,628,652,678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1595,1621]" captionTargetBox="[347,1240,275,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[342,1246,272,1556]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 7. Telson and G1 in Spiralothelphusa species showing diagnostic features. – A, F, I. Spiralothelphusa gibberosa Pati &amp; Sudha Devi, 2015, holotype, ♂ (28.0 × 23.0 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1186). – B, K, M. S. wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862). B. ♂ (37.5 × 27.1 mm) (ZSI-WRC C.1960). K, M. Lectotype, ♂ (37.4 × 28.5 mm) (NHMW CR 27063). – C. S. hydrodroma (Herbst, 1794), topotype, ♂ (27.2 × 21.4 mm) (ZMUC CRU 2824). – D, G. S. senex (Fabricius, 1798), lectotype, ♂ (25.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZMUC CRU 4626). – E, H. S. fernandoi Ng, 1994, holotype, ♂ (35.7 × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 1984.7547). – J. S. parvula (Fernando, 1961), paratype, ♂ (19.4 × 15.0 mm) (ZRC 1984.7887). – L, N. S. andhra sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (37.8 × 30.2 mm) (ZSI-FBRC INV/2256). A–B. Left G1, apical view. C, L. Right G1, dorsal view (horizontally flipped). D–F, J–K. Left G1, dorsal view. G–I, M–N. Pleonal somite 6 and telson. Scale bars: A–F, J–L=1 mm; G–I, M–N =5 mm. C–E, G–H, J adapted from Ng &amp; Tay (2001) and I is adapted from Pati &amp; Sudha Devi (2015)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299807/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
; see 
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213361F38FFD279DFC50387A3" author="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M." box="[685,872,652,679]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="113 - 199" refId="ref14726" refString="Ng P. K. L. &amp; Tay F. W. M. 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Zeylanica 6 (2): 113 - 199." type="journal article" year="2001">Ng &amp; Tay 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72C1CF9813361F38FDC2799FC5B9863F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3A649C1313361F38FDC2799FC78087E2" blockId="16.[189,491,717,743]" box="[189,491,717,743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="612C2B7F13361F38FDC2799FC78087E2" bold="true" box="[189,491,717,743]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FDC2799FC78087E2" bold="true" box="[189,491,717,743]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A649C1313361F38FDC279AEC5B9863F" blockId="16.[188,1398,764,826]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FDC279AEC4748613" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[189,543,764,790]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FDC279AEC4748613" box="[189,543,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is precisely known only from a few localities in the northeast of the 
<collectingRegion id="F81F52F113361F38F84D79AEC72B863C" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tamil Nadu State</collectingRegion>
, South 
<collectingCountry id="42CCDC8313361F38FCE7784DC7BF863C" box="[408,468,799,825]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">India</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="A2E0809613361F38FC9B784DC441863C" box="[484,554,799,825]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[189,232,1868,1894]" captionTargetBox="[470,1118,1012,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-228@16.[465,1122,1009,1830]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 8. Map of South India showing precise records of Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi (Heller, 1862) and collection sites of Spiralothelphusa andhra sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299809/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) (also see Remarks for the species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6EA4CC9B13361F38FDC27C1EC571828F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6299809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299809/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[189,232,1868,1894]" targetBox="[470,1118,1012,1827]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="3A649C1313361F38FDC27C1EC571828F" blockId="16.[188,1398,1868,1930]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FDC27C1EC7628263" bold="true" box="[189,265,1868,1894]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
Map of South India showing precise records of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FE487C1EC32E8262" authority="(Heller, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[823,1349,1868,1895]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuellerstorfi">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FE487C1EC2F08263" box="[823,1179,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spiralothelphusa wuellerstorfi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5E4AE1E213361F38F9D57C1EC3568262" author="Heller C." box="[1194,1341,1868,1895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="519 - 528" refId="ref14276" refString="Heller C. 1862. Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der k. k. Fregatte Novara. Zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 519 - 528." type="journal article" year="1862">Heller, 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and collection sites of 
<taxonomicName id="FDDBE79013361F38FCEC7C3DC4D3828C" authority="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal, 2022" authorityName="Pati &amp; Mandal &amp; Jaiswal" authorityYear="2022" box="[403,696,1903,1929]" class="Malacostraca" family="Gecarcinucidae" genus="Spiralothelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andhra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="08AF400113361F38FCEC7C3DC4D3828C" box="[403,696,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spiralothelphusa andhra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="139CFD7A13361F38FFC07C22C571828F" box="[703,794,1904,1930]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="72C1CF9813371F39FDC27A5BC75D8426" box="[189,310,265,291]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3A649C1313371F39FDC27A5BC75D8426" blockId="17.[189,310,265,291]" box="[189,310,265,291]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="612C2B7F13371F39FDC27A5BC75D8426" bold="true" box="[189,310,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="08AF400113371F39FDC27A5BC75D8426" bold="true" box="[189,310,265,291]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>