211 lines
19 KiB
XML
211 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="B0CF5CFC8C1DCD91E276C61C8CBA02E9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax unctus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="291" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="289" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853562" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B0CF5CFC8C1DCD91E276C61C8CBA02E9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0CF5CFC8C1DCD91E276C61C8CBA02E9" lastPageId="290" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
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<subSubSection pageId="288" pageNumber="289" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="288" pageNumber="289">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="288" pageNumber="289" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
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(114)
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<taxonomicName authority="Blackburn" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax unctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctus">Mecyclothorax unctus (Blackburn)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 154C, 155C, 158
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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, 159, 160
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="288" pageNumber="289" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclothorax unctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctus">Cyclothorax unctus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Blackburn, T" journalOrPublisher="The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" pagination="226 - 229" title="Characters of new genera and descriptions of new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian Islands." volume="17" year="1881">Blackburn 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: 227.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thriscothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thriscothorax unctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctus">Thriscothorax unctus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Sharp, D" editor="Sharp, D" journalOrPublisher="The University Press, Cambridge" pageId="310" pageNumber="311" pagination="175 - 292" title="Coleoptera II. Caraboidea." volumeTitle="Fauna Hawaiiensis" year="1903">Sharp 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 257.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax unctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctus">Mecyclothorax unctus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Britton, EB" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="307" pageNumber="308" pagination="107 - 166" title="A revision of the Hawaiian species of Mecyclothorax (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Occasional Papers of the Bernice P." volume="19" year="1948 b">Britton 1948b</bibRefCitation>
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: 138.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="289" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="288" pageNumber="289">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="289" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
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These beetles exhibit uniformly dark, rufobrunneous to rufopiceous body color (Fig. 158
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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), with the dorsal surface glossy due to the very transverse microsculpture. They are broad-bodied beetles with pronotum transverse, MPW/PL = 1.22-1.33, and elytra basally broad and subquadrate, MEW/HuW = 2.05-2.19. This breadth of body distinguishes them from the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax palustroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustroides">Mecyclothorax palustroides</taxonomicName>
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triad (Figs 149B, 158
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
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). Nevertheless, this widely distributed species (Fig. 160) exhibits substantial variation in body size (standardized body length 3.7-5.2 mm), elytral breadth (Fig. 158
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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), and elytral striation. The discal striae 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, or 1-6 may be traceable by deeply
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<pageBreakToken pageId="289" pageNumber="290" start="start">impressed</pageBreakToken>
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striae medially and linear series of isolated punctures laterally. Setal formula 2 1(2) 2 0; the basal pronotal setae may be present in rare instances (e.g. Fig. 158B).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
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<paragraph pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
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Figure 158.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax palustris" order="Coleoptera" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palustris">Mecyclothorax palustris</taxonomicName>
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group species, dorsal habitus view.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax unctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctus">Mecyclothorax unctus</taxonomicName>
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A (Honomanu, 1950 m) B Specimen with setose hind pronotal angles (Kīpahulu, 2100 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax tauberorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tauberorum">Mecyclothorax tauberorum</taxonomicName>
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(Honomanu, 1700 m) E
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax pau" order="Coleoptera" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pau">Mecyclothorax pau</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ke‘anae">Ke'anae</normalizedToken>
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, 1325 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="289" pageNumber="290" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="289" pageNumber="290">Identification</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
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(n = 5). The eyes are moderately convex, ocular ratio = 1.49-1.52, covering much of the moderately protruded ocular lobes, ocular lobe ratio = 0.77-0.83. The pronotum is distinctly constricted basally, MPW/BPW = 1.57-1.63, with the lateral margins subparallel for a short distance anterad the sharply obtuse hind angle, its obtuseness based on the curved basal margin inside the angle. The depressed pronotal median base is covered with>20 isolated punctures each side, the punctures more elongate at the juncture of base and disc. The elytral apex has striae 1, 2 and 8 always present, and an apical portion of stria 7 may also be present just laterad the apex of stria 2. Microsculpture includes: 1, vertex with indistinct transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length; 2, pronotal disc and median with indistinct elongate transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4×">-4x</normalizedToken>
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length, to transverse lines not joined into a mesh, the base with glossy areas between areas of microsculpture; 3 elytral disc and apex with distinct, regular transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length. The head and pronotal disc are rufobrunneous with a piceous cast, the elytral disc slightly darker rufopiceous with a cupreous reflection. The legs are contrastedly rufoflavous, and in some individuals the femora are covered medially with a piceous cloud.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
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Male genitalia (n = 24). Aedeagal median lobe variably robust, distance from parameral articulation to tip 3.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.2×">-4.2x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength (Fig. 159D, K); apex extended 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.0×">-2.0x</normalizedToken>
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depth beyond ostial opening (Fig. 159L, M); median lobe shaft symmetrical in ventral view, apex offset to right, with convex left margin sinuously adjoining obliquely blunt apex (Fig. 159C, G); internal sac broad, columnar, with variously developed dorsal ostial microtrichial patch (Fig. 159
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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, H, L), or distinct ventral ostial microtrichial patch (Fig. 159
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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); flagellar plate moderately sized, length 0.38
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.47×">-0.47x</normalizedToken>
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parameral articulation-tip distance. There is substantial aedeagal variation across the range of this widespread species (Fig. 160). Some of this variation occurs within regions of the mountain: 1, median lobe robustness and length in the Waikamoi area (Fig. 159A, B); 2, breadth of apical extension near Kuiki (Fig. 159
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
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); 3, length of apical extension in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley (Fig. 159
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<normalizedToken originalValue="K–M">K-M</normalizedToken>
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). The major pattern involves aedeagi with more well developed ventral ostial microtrichial patches in beetles from Waikamoi versus from localities to the east surrounding
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley. Further studies of population structure within this geographically disjunct species (Fig. 160) are warranted.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
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<paragraph pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
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Figure 159. Male aedeagus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax unctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctus">Mecyclothorax unctus</taxonomicName>
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(for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23). A Right view (Leleiwi, 2072 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
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Right, ventral, and right with sac everted views (Honomanu, 19501980 m) E Right view, sac everted (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Halemau‘u">Halemau'u</normalizedToken>
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Tr., 2315 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
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Right, ventral, and right with sac everted views (Paliku, 1960 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–K">I-K</normalizedToken>
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Right views I (ESE Kuiki, 2120 m) J (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pu‘u">Pu'u</normalizedToken>
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Ahulili, 1600 m) K (Kīpahulu, 2100 m) L Right view sac everted (Kīpahulu, 2100 m) M Right view (Kīpahulu, 945 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
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<paragraph pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
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Figure 160. Recorded geographic distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax unctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctus">Mecyclothorax unctus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, parallel sided, length 0.91 mm, breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 154C); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 3-4 apical fringe setae, 10-11 small setae on medial surface from medioapical angle to base (Fig. 155C); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex subacuminate, base moderately extended laterally, 2 short lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.73
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="289" pageNumber="290" type="lectotype">
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<paragraph pageId="289" pageNumber="290">Lectotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="289" pageNumber="290">
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Female (BMNH) hereby designated, labeled: mounting platen with Blackburn Maui label (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zimmerman, EC" journalOrPublisher="University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu" pageId="310" pageNumber="311" title="Ephemeroptera-Neuroptera-Trichoptera and Supplement to Volumes 1 to 5." volumeTitle="Insects of Hawai'i" year="1957">Zimmerman 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: 210),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="unctus" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" rank="species" species="unctus">unctus</taxonomicName>
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(on reverse) // Type // Hawaiian Is. Rev. T. Blackburn 1888-30 // LECTOTYPE
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclothorax unctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctus">Cyclothorax unctus</taxonomicName>
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Blackburn J.K. Liebherr 1998 (black-margined red label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="290" pageNumber="291" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="290" pageNumber="291">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="290" pageNumber="291" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
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and habitat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="290" pageNumber="291">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax unctus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctus">Mecyclothorax unctus</taxonomicName>
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exhibits a densely collected bipartite distribution, with specimens known from throughout the Waikamoi area, and disjunctly from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hanawī">Hanawī</normalizedToken>
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through the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hāna">Hana</normalizedToken>
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Bogs and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley, plus the Manawainui Planeze and the eastern margin of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā">Haleakala</normalizedToken>
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Crater (Fig. 160). The species exhibits a broad elevational distribution, with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kīpahulu">Kīpahulu</normalizedToken>
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Valley occupied from 915 m elevation to the valley rim at Kuiki at 2285 m elevation. Elevations of occupied habitat in Waikamoi are less disparate, ranging 1210-2060 m, perhaps due to the drier nature of the subalpine habitats along the leeward edge of the volcano. The species may be very abundant in disturbed ground-level situations, such as feral pig rootings, and may occur under rocks along stream margins. It has been recorded repeatedly from microhabitats associated with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ōhi‘a-mossy">'ōhi'a-mossy</normalizedToken>
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trunks, humus and leaf litter-but never from situations associated with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="koa" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" rank="species" species="koa">koa</taxonomicName>
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. Other plant substrates from which it has been collected include
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Athyriaceae" genus="Athyrium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Athyrium" order="Polypodiales" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Athyrium</taxonomicName>
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fern ('akolea),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Leptecophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptecophylla" order="Ericales" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptecophylla</taxonomicName>
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(pūkiawe),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus" order="Rosales" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rubus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ākala">'akala</normalizedToken>
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), and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vaccinium" order="Ericales" pageId="290" pageNumber="291" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vaccinium</taxonomicName>
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('ōhelo).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |