215 lines
22 KiB
XML
215 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4A3204ABB63C5FC2B507D64B15A888BF">Herpetological results of Francisco Newton’s Zoological Expedition to Angola (1903 – 1906): a taxonomic revision and new records of a forgotten collection</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3EC22F61DB4C462031FCF4F242BE9598">Santos, Bruna S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="145E57071DB9C8321AE47CBF588AB990">Marques, Mariana P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E1B15877841EB8C8A45C44649F12339F" type="email">mptlmarques@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7E37249277B4A18AA35CAE4D330DD1F0">Bauer, Aaron M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6676746929D0F192ED117C63B7E34CE5" type="email">aaron.bauer@villanova.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="569BAA9ADFD97F80DE4F71434BC63655">Ceríaco, Luis M. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7E2A671BECC0FB6D17E630D0478BD605" type="email">brunascesantos@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="267060419CA123B505581AB87A930C51">2021</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="70B417B5FFC1FFCC16D7FA9BFD9B5C2F" box="[151,585,1338,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3811443EFFC1FFCC16D7FA9BFD9B5C2F" blockId="25.[151,585,1338,1365]" box="[151,585,1338,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="FFAE3FBDFFC1FFCC16D7FA9BFD9B5C2F" authority="Hallowell, 1844" authorityName="Hallowell" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,585,1338,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC16D7FA9BFD9B5C2F" bold="true" box="[151,585,1338,1365]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC16D7FA9BFE535C2E" bold="true" box="[151,385,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chamaeleo gracilis</emphasis>
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Hallowell, 1844
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="70B417B5FFC1FFCC16D7FA23FAEE5FC6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3811443EFFC1FFCC16D7FA23FAEE5FC6" blockId="25.[151,1437,1410,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC16D7FA23FE305CE7" bold="true" box="[151,482,1410,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Material (
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<specimenCount id="2EA88FB7FFC1FFCC1750FA23FE075CE7" box="[272,469,1410,1436]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
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):
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</emphasis>
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One adult female specimen (MHNCUP/REP 293, formerly UP-MHNFCP-094987;
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<figureCitation id="A09558BBFFC1FFCC16D7FA06FF295CBA" box="[151,251,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE S" captionStartId="65.[151,250,2006,2030]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,1100,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-37@65.[170,1416,1100,1980]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE S48. Specimen of Chamaeleo gracilis (MHNCUP/REP 293), from Hocco. Photo by Bruna Santos." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5454079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5454079/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. S48</figureCitation>
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), collected from Hocco [-9.35422º, 14.89471º,
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<quantity id="FF56E9DBFFC1FFCC155DFA07FCB45CBA" box="[797,870,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7299999999999995" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="573.0">573 m</quantity>
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||
a.s.l.]
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<collectingRegion id="FA6A8ADCFFC1FFCC15F7FA06FB195CBA" box="[951,1227,1447,1473]" country="Angola" name="Kwanza Norte" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Kwanza Norte Province</collectingRegion>
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, by Captain Trigo Teixeira (offered to F. Newton) in 1904;
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<specimenCount id="2EA88FB7FFC1FFCC141EFA6AFD075C9E" box="[606,725,1483,1509]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="adult">three adult</specimenCount>
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specimens (MHNCUP/REP 294–296, formerly UP-MHNFCP- 052205, 052203 and 017390 respectively), collected from unknown locality, date unknown;
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<specimenCount id="2EA88FB7FFC1FFCC12FFFA4EFAFB5F72" box="[1215,1321,1519,1545]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
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specimen (MHNCUP/REP 299, formerly UP-MHNFCP-052201), collected from unknown locality, date unknown;
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<materialsCitation id="88C64E63FFC1FFCC1375F9B2FCB35F0E" collectingDate="1903-08" collectorName="Lucalla & Lucala" elevation="708" location="Kwanza Norte Province" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" stateProvince="Kwanza Norte">
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<specimenCount id="2EA88FB7FFC1FFCC1375F9B2FA4E5F56" box="[1333,1436,1555,1581]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
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||
specimen (MHNCUP/REP 301, formerly UP-MHNFCP-095009), collected from
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<collectorName id="955B21E8FFC1FFCC1206F996FB485F2A" box="[1094,1178,1591,1617]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lucálla</collectorName>
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[=
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||
<collectorName id="955B21E8FFC1FFCC12FBF997FADF5F2A" box="[1211,1293,1590,1617]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lucala</collectorName>
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] [-9.27268º, 15.25206º,
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<elevation id="B383A30DFFC1FFCC1755F9FAFE465F0E" box="[277,404,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.08" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="708.0">
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<quantity id="FF56E9DBFFC1FFCC1755F9FAFE885F0E" box="[277,346,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.08" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="708.0">708 m</quantity>
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||
a.s.l.
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||
</elevation>
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||
]
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||
<collectingRegion id="FA6A8ADCFFC1FFCC17E1F9FAFD7F5F0E" box="[417,685,1627,1653]" country="Angola" name="Kwanza Norte" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Kwanza Norte Province</collectingRegion>
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||
, in
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<date id="4C1062FEFFC1FFCC1490F9FAFCB35F0E" box="[720,865,1627,1653]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1903-08">
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||
<collectingDate id="5C549B16FFC1FFCC1490F9FAFCB35F0E" box="[720,865,1627,1653]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1903-08">August 1903</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<specimenCount id="2EA88FB7FFC1FFCC152BF9FAFC025F0E" box="[875,976,1627,1653]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
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||
specimen (MHNCUP/REP 302, formerly UP-MHNFCP-094979), collected from unknown locality, date unknown;
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<materialsCitation id="88C64E63FFC1FFCC159BF9DEFAEA5FC6" collectorName="Ambaca" elevation="738" location="Kwanza Norte Province" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" stateProvince="Kwanza Norte">
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||
<specimenCount id="2EA88FB7FFC1FFCC159BF9DEFBB45FE2" box="[987,1126,1663,1689]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="juvenile">one juvenile</specimenCount>
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||
specimen (MHNCUP/REP 304), collected from
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<collectorName id="955B21E8FFC1FFCC17C0F902FE0F5FC6" box="[384,477,1699,1725]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ambaca</collectorName>
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[-9.26667º, 15.18333º,
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<elevation id="B383A30DFFC1FFCC14A9F902FCBE5FC6" box="[745,876,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.38" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="738.0">
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<quantity id="FF56E9DBFFC1FFCC14A9F902FCE25FC6" box="[745,816,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.38" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="738.0">738 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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]
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<collectingRegion id="FA6A8ADCFFC1FFCC153BF902FB585FC6" box="[891,1162,1699,1725]" country="Angola" name="Kwanza Norte" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Kwanza Norte Province</collectingRegion>
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, date unknown
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70B417B5FFC1FFCF1687F967FE5B581E" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3811443EFFC1FFCF1687F967FE5B581E" blockId="25.[151,1437,1410,2014]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC1687F967FE805F9B" bold="true" box="[199,338,1734,1760]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Comments:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FFAE3FBDFFC1FFCC1717F966FDE05F9A" authorityName="Hallowell" authorityYear="1844" box="[343,562,1735,1761]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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||
<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC1717F966FDE05F9A" box="[343,562,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chamaeleo gracilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is commonly found throughout most of sub-Saharan Africa, with the exception of the southernmost countries (
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<bibRefCitation id="5C3F39CFFFC1FFCC1442F94AFD4D5E7E" author="Tilbury, C." box="[514,671,1771,1797]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref40393" refString="Tilbury, C. (2018) Chameleons of Africa. An Atlas, Including the Chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Second, thoroughly revised edition. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 643 pp." type="book" year="2018">Tilbury 2018</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Currently, it has two recognized subspecies,
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<taxonomicName id="FFAE3FBDFFC1FFCC1281F94AFE9F5E52" authority="gracilis Hallowell, 1841" authorityName="Hallowell" authorityYear="1841" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gracilis" subSpecies="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC1281F94AFA4F5E7E" box="[1217,1437,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. gracilis gracilis</emphasis>
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Hallowell, 1841
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FFAE3FBDFFC1FFCC17C8F8AEFCC05E52" authority="Schmidt, 1919" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1919" box="[392,786,1807,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gracilis" subSpecies="etiennei">
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<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC17C8F8AEFDB35E53" box="[392,609,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. gracilis etiennei</emphasis>
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||
Schmidt, 1919
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="5C3F39CFFFC1FFCC155FF8AEFC195E52" author="Ferreira, J. B." box="[799,971,1807,1833]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="111 - 117" refId="ref37152" refString="Ferreira, J. B. (1904) Reptis e amphibios de Angola da regiao ao norte do Quanza (Colleccao Newton 1903). Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas Physicas e Naturaes, Segunda Serie, 7 (25), 111 - 117." type="journal article" year="1904">Ferreira (1904)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted
|
||
<specimenCount id="2EA88FB7FFC1FFCC125BF8AEFB545E52" box="[1051,1158,1807,1833]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFAE3FBDFFC1FFCC134FF8AEFF3F5E36" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chamaeleon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC134FF8AEFF3F5E36" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chamaeleon gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from “Lembu, Serra de Selles” and “N’Dalla Tando” as well as
|
||
<specimenCount id="2EA88FB7FFC1FFCC15E5F892FBC55E36" box="[933,1047,1843,1869]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="adult">two adults</specimenCount>
|
||
of modest dimensions (unspecified sex) from “Rio Luinha” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C3F39CFFFC1FFCC17EDF8F6FD985E09" author="Ferreira, J. B." box="[429,586,1879,1906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="159 - 171" refId="ref37198" refString="Ferreira, J. B. (1906) Algumas especies novas ou pouco conhecidas de amphibios e reptis de Angola (Coleccao Newton - 1903 - 1904). Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas Physicas e Naturaes, Segunda Serie, 7 (26), 159 - 171." type="journal article" year="1906">Ferreira 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Among the extant specimens, MHNCUP/REP 294–296, REP 299 and REP 302 might correspond to the citations. Specimen MHNCUP/REP 293 was offered to Newton by Captain Trigo Teixeira, likely when the naturalist collected in
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<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC14F3F83EFCD85EC2" box="[691,778,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">fazenda</emphasis>
|
||
Hôcco. Recent phylogenetic studies by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C3F39CFFFC1FFCC1292F83EFABE5EC2" author="Main, D. C." box="[1234,1388,1951,1977]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref38340" refString="Main, D. C. (2019 a) A phylogeny of the genus Chamaeleo with investigation of cryptic speciation. Unpublished M. S. Thesis, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, vi + 86 pp." type="book" year="2019">Main (2019a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C3F39CFFFC1FFCC16D7F862FEA75EA5" author="Main, D. C. & Tilbury, C. & van Vuuren, B. & Tolley, K. A." box="[151,373,1987,2014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="70" refId="ref38380" refString="Main, D. C., Tilbury, C., van Vuuren, B. & Tolley, K. A. (2019 b) Phylogeny, species delimitation and ancestral biogeography in Chamaeleo. African Herp News, 72, 70." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Main
|
||
<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC169BF862FEC65EA6" box="[219,276,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recovered three cryptic species within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFAE3FBDFFC1FFCC1572F862FC785EA6" box="[818,938,1987,2013]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chamaeleon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC1FFCC1572F862FC785EA6" box="[818,938,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Clade 1 from the southern regions of West Africa; Clade 2 from the borderlands between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="40B904AEFFC2FFCF14E8FF36FD3459CA" box="[680,742,151,177]" name="Chad" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="40B904AEFFC2FFCF155DFF36FBCC59CA" box="[797,1054,151,177]" name="Cameroon" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Republic of Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="40B904AEFFC2FFCF12C1FF36FA4E59CA" box="[1153,1436,151,177]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Clade 3 from the borderlands between
|
||
<collectingCountry id="40B904AEFFC2FFCF143FFF1AFD1A59AE" box="[639,712,187,213]" name="Kenya" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="40B904AEFFC2FFCF14BFFF1AFCB559AE" box="[767,871,187,213]" name="Tanzania" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
. No material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="40B904AEFFC2FFCF127CFF1AFB5C59AE" box="[1084,1166,187,213]" name="Angola" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
was accessed.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C3F39CFFFC2FFCF137AFF1AFEF65982" author="Marques, M. P. & Ceriaco, L. M. P. & Blackburn, D. C. & Bauer, A. M." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 501" refId="ref38562" refString="Marques, M. P., Ceriaco, L. M. P., Blackburn, D. C. & Bauer, A. M. (2018) Diversity and distribution of the amphibians and terrestrial reptiles of Angola atlas of historical and bibliographic records (1840 - 2017). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 65 (Supplement 2), 1 - 501." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Marques
|
||
<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC2FFCF16D7FF7EFF035982" box="[151,209,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has previously treated the Angolan specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFAE3FBDFFC2FFCF151EFF7EFBE55983" box="[862,1079,223,249]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chamaeleon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="gracilis" subSpecies="etiennei">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC2FFCF151EFF7EFBE55983" box="[862,1079,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. gracilis etiennei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C3F39CFFFC2FFCF12FBFF7EFAB75982" author="Tilbury, C." box="[1211,1381,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref40358" refString="Tilbury, C. (2010) Chameleons of Africa, an Atlas Including the Chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 831 pp." type="book" year="2010">Tilbury (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The author had referred to it as a subspecies, although noting that varietal status might be more appropriate, pending further research. As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C3F39CFFFC2FFCF1737FE86FDC2583A" author="Main, D. C." box="[375,528,295,321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref38340" refString="Main, D. C. (2019 a) A phylogeny of the genus Chamaeleo with investigation of cryptic speciation. Unpublished M. S. Thesis, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, vi + 86 pp." type="book" year="2019">Main (2019a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not analyze material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="40B904AEFFC2FFCF1521FE86FC64583A" box="[865,950,295,321]" name="Angola" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FFAE3FBDFFC2FFCF1288FE86FA4F583B" box="[1224,1437,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chamaeleon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="gracilis" subSpecies="etiennei">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ADA982CFFC2FFCF1288FE86FA4F583B" box="[1224,1437,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. gracilis etiennei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unaddressed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |