treatments-xml/data/AC/9C/4E/AC9C4ECEBDAEAB1502246FC967B749AA.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="62488" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30f0f54f-e5af-493f-b792-c1c661ef03bf" ID-PMC="PMC9849010" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ID-PubMed="36760991" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier &amp; Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="AC9C4ECEBDAEAB1502246FC967B749AA" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum wightii Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 51. 1834." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the &quot; spiny solanums &quot; of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732649590965" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="F44E9CD5570DDAAED8278A44B3B0CB34" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AE8E7A24D61AA8E3B042482E1FF88CD5">
<mods:title id="E2C127A50880BE4A85900E5B661BCD08">A revision of the &quot; spiny solanums &quot; of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="19928EC5A059F5DABC8B95C3B35C4BF3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E09507B63B060CEFE1FEE8D54ED69EFB">
<mods:roleTerm id="E3172AD86E285039761DFE356B5EF551">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9ED87BA571DFD21C5118037A6ACBC457">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D417F0261568D3C5FE3257F5C6541725">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France &amp; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="85B403FF825B306E33CA67D3DAF686D6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7B5EFAACD21648943FDD90340BF83392">
<mods:roleTerm id="BD033083A023212AD9E6F4F909097052">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6C06DE7C939528FF4C33B97188A035EC">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B3ED80EB50BB5CE0500B5D217279DBDF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="498125A5639F513C493D1648496F07E4">The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="14A042337B2EFE3BC6EFE3EF9F093F4A" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2E36571FBBF909A150CDB98A7E740797">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5119916808FBAFED90F0969007C60DFA" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="39BBCFBADFCD5C80DC17948FE7C05F82">
<mods:title id="3600ECF7CD2A76C8F304F68EF3735632">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5397F6148DC1E8B4992B0CD9F26F8157">
<mods:date id="30A0FD85A69F68F345F350768D7079BE">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6F9F928D9FC2A1C2C73C71F16AA544B8" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="34E47F481298E34424EE3734BC0EA2FD">2022-06-01</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E0EB54426D7A2EAF76BEEC8EE7816ADA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="707774E4A4650DC7A673DD3D7B5DD753">198</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="8852CC130685D8704A53BFFB55FE8804" unit="page">
<mods:start id="37F20CCE1754C059DC874479C169C7FF">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EB8666A0995638FD9595F6C547D393F6">270</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="DB18E230EFCC1879194A7DF430F1C255">
<mods:url id="81C22E529BCB1C0EF6ACD3ABEB3BA238">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="4D338252E0A3512DB4D3724A1F896056">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C3035E688A7E4278C7BB9FD4D0B88345" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CE7A5F8A69A1AE16516DEBE4B43ADAB7" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C6E3100853C0F9320521AF45E3C84F9E" type="Pensoft-UUID">486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="AC9C4ECEBDAEAB1502246FC967B749AA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195723719" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC9C4ECEBDAEAB1502246FC967B749AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC9C4ECEBDAEAB1502246FC967B749AA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
<subSubSection id="0EAFEEAE0AECEB47CFBB0B21E441C588" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8EA1050B26E5C94801CE6173EA7AF79B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
50. 
<taxonomicName id="4CFA76C42C1B4F67C7C62665D229A30F" ID-CoL="4Y4RC" authority="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 51. 1834." authorityName="Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17 (1): 51. 1834." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">Solanum wightii Nees, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17(1): 51. 1834.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55F206D35A8E9796C5640AB4F5766757" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="7ED09CE5D39C8036017B12BACAFB867C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="340048349918D7ED8E99ACE90224585B" captionStart="Figure 82" captionStartId="F82" captionText="Figure 82. Solanum wightii Nees A herbarium specimen collected in India in 1937 (Vine 176, BM 000900152) B detailed view of a flower (field photograph, unvouchered, India) C detailed view of a fruit (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits: A CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London B, C G. Gnanasekaran." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure82" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689775" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E09B6D18B3C14F0C26076E393D9482C5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="BFD623BA4C5CA2EE88BF46B852437E16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="162D984E212AA0406BE6CE5EA3EE6CA1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hohenackeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hohenackeri">Solanum hohenackeri</taxonomicName>
Van Heurck &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="C5552699EB2E9269C4CE55ECE9B39072" originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg., Observ. Bot. (Van Heurck) 87. 1870. Type. India. Tamil Nadu: Nilgiris, &quot;in montibus Nilagiri&quot;, 
<emphasis id="797D7D18A66998016B92ECFCEE2AC774" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R.F. Hohenacker 1076</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: BR [AWH10071212]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000778309], G [G00442609, G00442943, G00442944], HAL [HAL0010834], K [K000441384], L [0403690], LE [2 sheets], MEL [MEL2446521], P [P00055713, P00055714], W [acc. # 0000605]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C701ACC5B3F175E8731E5776FF983B74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B445CB01A4920A46F6E169FDDBA40B6A" authorityName="Soosairaj, Raja, Balaguru &amp; Tagore" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pulneyensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulneyensis">Solanum pulneyensis</taxonomicName>
Soosairaj, Adansonia 
<normalizedToken id="0C3DC563CCBC8A6104A896C55D257359" originalValue="sér">ser</normalizedToken>
. 3, 43(21): 236. 2021. Type. India. Tamil Nadu: Dindigul district, Palani Hills National ark, Thonimalai, ca. 1300 m, 29 Jan 2018. 
<emphasis id="FE78199B259B26ACB7D51C87FA6521D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Soosairaj</emphasis>
2514 (holotype: RHT [acc. # 076723]; isotype: MH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3028FDA0E1AC37E1D54D79B19F7BC904" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FAC427E3912E98F68DE72743CCB604CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="460674BC5E4A9D39EF210CEFC15CB8E4">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="55CE5929771EBB9E08171A3A742C51F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="FDE39A28897FE0047E4521D5BB2EED52" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="R. Wight" country="India" location="India" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="AA9A3A966DD84F12809CDD807094867E" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. Sin. loc., &quot;Peninsula Ind. orientalis&quot;, 
<emphasis id="EC330BE5EC041A9AB283800AC2451886" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="5B978D67F49EA4BE26DC41256E84EA51">R. Wight</collectorName>
1576/126
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="83ACC05C3FCDA990257EB10FB58A6823">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: GZU [GZU000255932]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000900156], E [E00179475, E00179476, E00179477], G [G00442945], K [K000441376, K000441378, K000441379], LE [LE00017069])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8856BEB7AAC486440B667325DF7428A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="81476375252782D5F108391D5CEAD786" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F3CD6389E61D501BB7C2D86FF62AE35F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Scrambling herbs or shrubs to 2 m tall, armed or unarmed. Stems erect or spreading, terete, prickly and stellate-pubescent; prickles, if present, to 3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at the base, slightly curved, pale yellowish tan; pubescence of sessile to very short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks, if present, to 0.2 mm, the rays 4-6, ca. 0.5 mm long, the midpoints 2-4 celled, to 2 mm long, glandular tipped, drying with violet tinge at cell junctions (trichomes described as black to reddish 
<emphasis id="316299DB39BA2F7A94E8C6FDE9539912" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clarke 10793</emphasis>
); new growth densely stellate-pubescent, the trichomes tangled, soon deciduous and the stems glabrate; bark of older stems ashy white. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, shallowly lobed, the blades 2-9 cm long, 1.7-6.8 cm wide, 1-1.3 times longer than wide, ovate to broadly triangular, widest in the lower third, chartaceous, somewhat discolorous, unarmed or very occasionally sparsely armed along the midrib and major veins with small prickles; adaxial surface evenly and densely pubescent with sessile and very short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the rays 4-8, to 0.5 mm long, glandular at the tips, the midpoints 2-4-celled, to 2 mm long, glandular at the tips; abaxial surface with similar porrect-stellate trichomes, but these denser especially along the veins; major veins 3-4 pairs, densely pubescent; base abruptly truncate to cordate, somewhat oblique; margins shallowly lobed, the lobes 3-4 on each side, to 0.5 cm long, broadly deltate, apically rounded, the sinuses less than halfway to the midrib; apex acute to obtuse; petioles 1-4 cm long, ca. half as long as the leaf blades, unarmed or with a few prickles, densely stellate pubescent like the stems. Inflorescences 0.3-1 cm long, internodal and lateral, unbranched, with 1-3 flowers, only 1 or 2 flowers open at any one time, pubescent with mixed sessile and short-stalked stellate-porrect trichomes like those of the stems, with multicellular midpoints to 2 mm long, unarmed; peduncle absent to 0.2 cm long; pedicels 2.5-4 cm long, ca. 0.7 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.7 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading and slightly nodding at anthesis, unarmed or with a few prickles, more sparsely stellate-pubescent than the inflorescence axes, articulated at the base; pedicel scars tightly spaced ca. 1 mm apart. Buds elongate and tapering, curved, strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous and the plants andromonoecious, with the distal flower(s) short-styled and smaller than the hermaphroditic flowers. Calyx with the tube 3.5-4 mm long, conical, sparsely prickly, the lobes 6-8 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, long-triangular to lanceolate, unarmed, densely stellate-pubescent with mixed sessile and short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes with multicellular glandular midpoints like those of the pedicels, the pubescence denser than that of the pedicels. Corolla (2-)3.5-5 cm in diameter, violet or deep purple, rotate-stellate, lobed to 1/3 of the way to the base, abundant interpetalar tissue present, the lobes (10-)14-17 mm long, (11-)14-18 mm wide, broad-deltate, spreading or somewhat campanulate at anthesis, mostly glabrous adaxially but with a few stellate trichomes along the petal midvein, densely stellate-pubescent abaxially with densely tangled sessile trichomes where exposed in bud, these densest at the tips, the interpetalar tissue glabrous. Stamens markedly unequal; anthers 3 long and 2 short, the long anthers 12-15 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, strongly curved and tapering, the short anthers ca. 10 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm wide, straight or slightly curved, all anthers yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with drying; filament tube minute, glabrous; free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous. Ovary conical, glabrous; style ca. 5 mm long in short-styled flowers, 12-15 mm long, in long-styled flowers, strongly curved, glabrous; stigma capitate, the surfaces minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 1-2 per infructescence, 1.1-1.5 cm in diameter, completely enclosed in the accrescent calyx, yellowish brown when ripe, drying and breaking into 4 irregular valves when ripe, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 3-3.5 cm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter at the base, 3-4.5 mm in diameter at the apex, unarmed, somewhat woody, sharply deflexed and pendent; fruiting calyx strongly accrescent, the lobes often breaking off. Seeds 20-30 per berry, 4-5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide, flattened reniform, pale tan or yellowish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells with straight walls, pentagonal in outline, the margins incrassate. Chromosome number: not known.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B2CA2134D77C0A4E283DCBCA6563D645" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure82" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689775" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 82" startId="F82">
<paragraph id="FFB79AA8D8BD7696EB380F11A359542F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="73D06DEB09D9C0676E9214A21554DF8C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 82.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="95AA86F712EF514F3BBFEC83E009B45A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="3DC3F548E480DD883CACC071EAFB0C83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nees 
<emphasis id="B196BEFD58DFE53E7AF29E1E8E2D5360" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
herbarium specimen collected in India in 1937 (
<emphasis id="2F15360408FC9F7A2EE4B22E2600D5C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vine 176</emphasis>
, BM000900152) 
<emphasis id="6BF0EF9AD83970D61291F1F78EFA598D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
detailed view of a flower (field photograph, unvouchered, India) 
<emphasis id="C0912B785F6E612430FAD8470522E1DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
detailed view of a fruit (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits: 
<emphasis id="449BFB441AAC060D30F67DF6A47BE681" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
CC-BY, © copyright The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London 
<emphasis id="01B605B5AB196D15ACC9B3FDE332829E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
G. Gnanasekaran.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C412FC32E7AD3CBD6A903DFD304C5C43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0B18ECDE04E0B5146589C4453586EF69" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B20B275152913E29C1A724B3A64D10FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="65883E63EEBBC137D3EEA1F318F6B0B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E024CDBB52AA1F7363921104229F1B1C" captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="F83" captionText="Figure 83. Distribution of S. wightii." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure83" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689776" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">83</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2992EFB5E89D1342583E696CAC08C2F8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="35A60E21CFD6B7D328DF8CFCD16E3ED1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the mountains of southeastern India in the states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BFD2C99D4A141B0CAE55EF0927A04CB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="C54807CDABC5644B83DCD22944337DA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9649D15FC264E3DD1BF766BF8C0BC982" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0066D4B8A375FDE6D2A8E0924FAFD4F7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="26AF7E6FF5D050F5FFE10F65DDEB77FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in dry forests and forest margins, from 850 to 2,200 m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F62517330936FCA0E1D32D6F10A1298D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph id="48134515343AE284704F578D46E65E7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C9E0A4CC0215DD3C2C994D8C4BC1CE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17C521C181B97924A1F05C9C0A99BA74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="737A3B0251B1605C0D4DD50428291A11" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E930F6C7EC528C89E8D7A11DCA343FB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6C59DE794BB46053064194A1B66781A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="D3D6863A1BFD1EBF5DAEC20E8326DAB3" author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Vulnerable (VU). EOO (32,261 km2, VU); AOO (44 km2, EN). 
<taxonomicName id="A472F3852FA64899633EC9DB6D109C38" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="5583C51E907CDC4A62A097D934CCBBA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rather narrowly distributed and occurs in open grassy areas subject to human disturbance; it occurs in the proposed Palani Hills National Park, so there is afforded some degree of protection.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="164AE177088D4116A61A1D861797B447" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FAA65AD89F601CDB3F4997306D69DB85" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4B8AA59B053BF594B7E63F04F928DF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B48009A19D9A033A9F1DBD914806C31A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="5AF8DD1A7D5083C567C9C6AB483410A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a beautiful, distinctive Indian endemic with large, zygomorphic flowers and berries enclosed in accrescent calyces that are borne on long, strongly deflexed pedicels. The only other species in India with purple zygomorphic flowers is 
<taxonomicName id="BA0062C34026373FCC3B8A86B6A8FEE4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
<emphasis id="A237552C8CA0342A15506BB5B0CC145E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has sticky pubescence, smaller flowers with a single long stamen rather than three, and more fruit on each infructescence borne on shorter pedicels. The berry of 
<taxonomicName id="0743FC862689D6FE2C4F4E064CD2ED66" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="5D070D769445640E8719E5627117582B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded as dry and dehiscent (breaks into four valves, 
<emphasis id="99541FE081AABFD51C41BBBB2020951B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anon. s.n.</emphasis>
, in MH; described as 
<normalizedToken id="E4C514A779B8B9A80A8A489079900A4B" originalValue="“subcapsular”">&quot;subcapsular&quot;</normalizedToken>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="E3DD710F52FDCFE29C96F5D88941F3BD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" author="Soosairaj, S" journalOrPublisher="2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B228" refString="Soosairaj, S, Raja, P, Balaguru, B, Tagore, JK, 2021. Solanum pulneyensis Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Solanaceae) from Palani Hills National Park of Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia, ser. 3, 43(21): 235-240. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" title="Solanum pulneyensis Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Solanaceae) from Palani Hills National Park of Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia, ser. 3, 43 (21): 235 - 240." url="https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" year="2021">Soosairaj et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
) like members of the Androceras clade (
<bibRefCitation id="B900B38CDDD1485D5E9D083D999AB76E" author="Whalen, MD" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B267" refString="Whalen, MD, 1979. Taxonomy of Solanum section Androceras. Gentes Herbarium 11(6): 359-426." title="Taxonomy of Solanum section Androceras. Gentes Herbarium 11 (6): 359 - 426." year="1979">Whalen 1979</bibRefCitation>
) and the Elaeagnifolium clade (see 
<bibRefCitation id="F7E86173221969798295E3784A32CB50" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 104" refId="B131" refString="Knapp, S, Sagona, E, Carbonell, AKZ, Chiarini, F, 2017. A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade, subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 84: 1 - 104, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695" title="A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade, subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695" volume="84" year="2017">Knapp et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Field studies of dispersal in 
<taxonomicName id="D3F465E8E6A35A2E4BCCF200B9C99FC4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="AEC695686626530FCBA4BBE183E97F4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are needed; this type of dry berry is also found in members of the 
<taxonomicName id="ABFC03D087CD2A79EAB47EE9A4CD4608" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Leptostemonum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Leptostemonum</taxonomicName>
Clade from Australia (
<bibRefCitation id="27C5886D24DAF7DD8333251E3D351C47" author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 367" refId="B238" refString="Symon, DE, 1981. A revision of Solanum in Australia. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 4: 1 - 367" title="A revision of Solanum in Australia." volume="4" year="1981">Symon 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="E8982C134D5300F083B8C5322ED20188" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207564" author="Martine, CT" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B158" refString="Martine, CT, Jordan-Thaler, IE, McDonnell, AJ, Cantley, JT, Hayes, DS, Roche, MD, Frawley, ES, Gilman, IS, Tank, DC, 2019. Phylogeny of the Australian Solanum dioicum group using seven nuclear genes, with consideration of Symon's fruit and seed dispersal hypothesis. PLoS ONE 14(4): e0207564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207564" title="Phylogeny of the Australian Solanum dioicum group using seven nuclear genes, with consideration of Symon's fruit and seed dispersal hypothesis. PLoS ONE 14 (4): e 0207564." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207564" year="2019">Martine et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
) where dispersal can be either via a censer (shaking) mechanism or as trample burrs.
</paragraph>
<caption id="91F5CC78EFDD84B2FEF9FDE1DED3935B" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure83" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689776" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 83" startId="F83">
<paragraph id="E8C9EC569F351F026958C1A6DDF0CCF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="29A2BD515A7C49976C65E0036CA3D104" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 83.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="3D685B60C24149CB02C40D7E6AA61E1F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="DAAF27A03638F87F4ECA5591CE70F15E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D43881A1969944945107AA890DB5FD46" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="5EBD49327BECA128E34F323EF0DE953B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of &quot;spiny solanums&quot; (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of &quot; spiny solanums &quot; (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. (2016a)</bibRefCitation>
suggest 
<taxonomicName id="57A14F2040811139CE932195503E1760" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="4928C3B97C0FDC005A5063E18A6EB188" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sister to 
<taxonomicName id="18D63E5CCD0FB3F8023B5F3B2B6DD10F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="F68D7CE9D96E8E45F454BA9569305AD4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the relationship is poorly supported, and additional analyses are necessary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="712A7A44FE2F4B5D189AE651EEEB3017" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="BEE2E48653A248B9F4906418441C86B1" author="Ramachandran, A" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="56 - 58" refId="B202" refString="Ramachandran, A, Viswanathan, MB, 2010. Solanum cordatum (Solanaceae) - a new record to southern India. Rheedea 20: 56 - 58" title="Solanum cordatum (Solanaceae) - a new record to southern India." volume="20" year="2010">Ramachandran and Viswanathan (2010)</bibRefCitation>
reported specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="2A3B9A8C5A63A54DF358CE071DA60075" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="0BAE8A48F65E8B151EAC08922B297FD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Sethukadai in the Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu as 
<taxonomicName id="800E13BD1AC805B0C7B553F59DCD6169" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. cordatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordatum">
<emphasis id="BA76F93EA1986A88BE87B82C857BC322" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. cordatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The illustration in their paper is clearly of 
<taxonomicName id="D29DB54F93B105A90D02AF68AEADF61E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="3C1FC8FF45D10EF3DD269CB2D376DFD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
although the description appears to be a mixture of information from published works and the specimens they used. The recently described 
<taxonomicName id="AB6D254DDA36A3F2C9630CC228880594" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pulneyensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulneyensis">
<emphasis id="1A5E06D537DFE7290A0A7E3A05A48D7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pulneyensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1AE3ADC1744880671AA0413088000467" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" author="Soosairaj, S" journalOrPublisher="2. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B228" refString="Soosairaj, S, Raja, P, Balaguru, B, Tagore, JK, 2021. Solanum pulneyensis Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Solanaceae) from Palani Hills National Park of Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia, ser. 3, 43(21): 235-240. https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" title="Solanum pulneyensis Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Solanaceae) from Palani Hills National Park of Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia, ser. 3, 43 (21): 235 - 240." url="https://doi.org/10.5252/adansonia2021v43a21" year="2021">Soosairaj et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
) clearly falls within the range of variation of 
<taxonomicName id="43006FC17D59563FFD421FA8FED86361" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="023CB67C0B0E8387C9160F8BC320924A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the holotype specimen at RHT corresponds to 
<taxonomicName id="168DAD0B88D40ECCC40700191071D40A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="C13ED10FCA58D0A9EC51D43E88214D6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The character used to distinguish the two species is the dry 
<taxonomicName id="EE599C567064CEDE6A1C431FC28CC2E9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudo" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudo">Solanum pseudo</taxonomicName>
-capsular berry, something that is known to occur in 
<taxonomicName id="F9596974637E8FF588273409EB213E9D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="93AA410A96B313D3956CFFF3B4C8F641" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A52D51DBFA3D7614BBC87993FF2E55B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We have selected the sheet of 
<emphasis id="AF2E5F0B1EB5540747A9E34411C7EA73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wight 1576/126</emphasis>
from Nees van 
<normalizedToken id="B182851DB212DBE74B0BD289638612ED" originalValue="Esenbeck’s">Esenbeck's</normalizedToken>
personal herbarium (GZU000255932) that is annotated in his handwriting as &quot;S. Wightii n.sp.&quot; as the lectotype of 
<taxonomicName id="D49009F45F42EDB024FCBF61D863CC10" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="B02D5E7987329420E3D41E03FD239379" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; this collection is widely duplicated. After its initial description (
<bibRefCitation id="1F2F8A41456ED1459982D04C3CDAF878" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" author="Nees van Esenbeck, CG" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="37 - 82" refId="B187" refString="Nees van Esenbeck, CG, 1834. Monograph of East Indian Solanaeae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 17 (1): 37 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" title="Monograph of East Indian Solanaeae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1834.tb00017.x" volume="17" year="1834">Nees van Esenbeck 1834</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation id="BEC019A27EBCB9D0D99F7FE59B4EB33A" author="Nees van Esenbeck, CG" journalOrPublisher="Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="357 - 360" refId="B188" refString="Nees van Esenbeck, CG, 1836. Excursus de Solano wightii, quem Arnottii collegae observationibus addidit. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 18: 357 - 360" title="Excursus de Solano wightii, quem Arnottii collegae observationibus addidit." volume="18" year="1836">Nees van Esenbeck (1836)</bibRefCitation>
published a more extensive treatment of 
<taxonomicName id="572956F42558AC05199957CA7035142C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. wightii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wightii">
<emphasis id="46116FED1191B3FB488A791020066F34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. wightii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which he clarified his ideas about its relationships and illustrated the plant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56CC1BBE291DF9056F7574116F86890A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Two collections and two herbaria were cited in the protologue (Van Heurck 1870) of 
<taxonomicName id="0EE77EFFF5A5D232D7472ED1C2F2C3AC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. hohenackeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hohenackeri">
<emphasis id="47E9695E81DC45AA51B4151D46526953" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hohenackeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- &quot;Hohenacker 1076, 1417! in hb. Van Heurck et hb. DC&quot;. The van Heurck herbarium, previously held in Antwerp at AWH, has now been acquired by BR, but sheets are still barcoded with the AWH herbarium code. We have selected duplicate of 
<emphasis id="4A2BE2D8913E4CC08351A17295036864" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hohenacker 1076</emphasis>
held in BR (AWH10071212) as the lectotype for 
<taxonomicName id="60245CDC539D8DF3392C32B251D6C8B1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. hohenackeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hohenackeri">
<emphasis id="2052F484A8D0395371917AC3B1C45A6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hohenackeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; this specimen is well-preserved and duplicates of 
<emphasis id="AE729C6A28F0F19B9564B9A5063B895F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hohenacker 1076</emphasis>
are widely distributed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="491E94787CB9FA256A65F5C5C978B142" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="385BD508D4A6C4009969132FB5FB218B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4CE4E29F62E7944DF02642A0C6AE0B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>