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<document id="A2B0D5D46842B89E40FC1ABBEE8884F4" ID-CLB-Dataset="86427" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6789060" ID-GBIF-Dataset="11bee6ab-227a-4dec-8d51-250b7067cc1b" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6789060" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625624496800" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Published, First" docDate="2007" docId="A77887C2FFD3FFEAFF0284B24453B4CF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01408p078.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1408" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Leptotyphlops parkeri Broadley 1999" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="5B41FFBAFFDDFFFAFF95804D4142B735" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1699025959295" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="ED227B049C8BDA981AFA5BE8FC90856D">A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFD3FFF4FF0284B2439FB22C" blockId="14.[151,733,1279,1340]" box="[151,733,1279,1305]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="742681B8FFD3FFF4FF0284B2439FB22C" bold="true" box="[151,733,1279,1305]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD3FFF4FF0284B2439FB22C" bold="true" box="[151,733,1279,1305]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFD3FFF4FF0284B2435AB22C" authority="Broadley" authorityName="Broadley" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,536,1279,1305]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD3FFF4FF0284B240DDB22C" bold="true" box="[151,415,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Leptotyphlops parkeri</emphasis>
Broadley
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B7EA2A51FFD3FFF4FDB284B243C2B22C" box="[551,640,1279,1305]" captionStart="PLATE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,238,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,194,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-140@15.[264,1323,194,1774]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="PLATE 6. Figure 1. Leptotyphlops parkeri. Dorsal and lateral views of the holotype, BMNH 1949.2.3.47 — Degeh Bur, Ethiopia. The line represents 1 mm to scale. After Broadley, 1999. Figure 2. Leptotyphlops reticulatus. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of the holotype, BMNH 1946.1.16.53 — Wagar, Golis Mts, Somalia. From Lanza, Snakes of Somalia (in prep.). Drawings by E. Wade. Figure 3. Leptotyphlops boulengeri. Dorsal. lateral and ventral views of the head of MCZ 40085 — Lamu Island, Kenya. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 4. Leptotyphlops drewesi. Dorsal and lateral views of the head of the holotype, CAS 85756 — 10 km south of Isiolo, Kenya, after Wallach (1996). The line represents 1 mm to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6789080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6789080/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Plate 6</figureCitation>
, Fig. 1)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFD3FFF4FF02856F40CEB209" blockId="14.[151,733,1279,1340]" box="[151,396,1314,1340]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Parker's worm-snake</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67CB655FFFD3FFF4FF02853D446DB2F2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFD3FFF4FF02853D453DB2B2" blockId="14.[151,1436,1392,1479]" box="[151,1151,1392,1415]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FC111FAFFD3FFF4FF02853D453DB2B2" box="[151,1151,1392,1415]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD3FFF4FF02853D40C7B2B2" box="[151,389,1392,1415]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFD3FFF4FF02853D4024B2B2" box="[151,358,1392,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cairi">Leptotyphlops cairi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="AE7010C5FFD3FFF4FE19853D437CB2B2" author="Parker, H. W." box="[396,574,1392,1415]" page="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="4B404B25FFD3FFF4FE19853D437CB2B2" author="Parker" box="[396,574,1392,1415]" firstAuthor="Parker" page="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref61558" refString="Parker, H. W. (1949) The snakes of Somaliland and the Sokotra Islands. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden), 6, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1949">Parker, 1949: 19</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="AE7010C5FFD3FFF4FDDF853D42E5B2B2" author="Largen, M. J. &amp; Rasmussen, J. B." box="[586,935,1392,1415]" page="324" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="4B404B25FFD3FFF4FDDF853D42E5B2B2" author="Largen &amp; Rasmussen" box="[586,935,1392,1415]" firstAuthor="Largen" page="324" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="313 - 434" refId="ref59920" refString="Largen, M. J. &amp; Rasmussen, J. B. (1993) Catalogue of the snakes of Ethiopia (Reptilia Serpentes), including identification keys. Tropical Zoology (Firenze), 6, 313 - 434." type="journal article" year="1993">Largen &amp; Rasmussen, 1993: 324</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(part, Daggah Bur).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFD3FFF4FF0285DD446DB2F2" blockId="14.[151,1436,1392,1479]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFD3FFF4FF0285DD4368B292" authority="Broadley, 1999" authorityName="Broadley" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,554,1424,1447]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD3FFF4FF0285DD40C1B292" box="[151,387,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Leptotyphlops parkeri</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="9FB93C89FFD3FFF4FE1E85DD4368B292" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3827581334" box="[395,554,1424,1447]" collectionCode="R" country="Zimbabwe" county="Harege Region" elevation="1067" latitude="8.216666" location="Arnoldia" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="43.5" municipality="Degeh Bur" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCode="BMNH 1949.2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="4B404B25FFD3FFF4FE1E85DD4368B292" author="Broadley" box="[395,554,1424,1447]" firstAuthor="Broadley" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref57855" refString="Broadley, D. G. &amp; Broadley, S. (1999) A review of the African Worm Snakes from south of Latitude 12 ° S (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae). Syntarsus (Bulawayo), (5), 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1999">Broadley,1999</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<location id="2A0E600FFFD3FFF4FDA085DD43D6B292" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A77887C2FFD3FFEAFF0284B24453B4CF:2A0E600FFFD3FFF4FDA085DD43D6B292" box="[565,660,1424,1447]" country="Zimbabwe" county="Harege Region" latitude="8.216666" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="43.5" municipality="Degeh Bur" name="Arnoldia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Arnoldia</location>
<collectingCountry id="57C67644FFD3FFF4FD0985DD424CB292" box="[668,782,1424,1447]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
10: 141. Type locality:
<collectingMunicipality id="CF0AACAEFFD3FFF4FB8585DD45C5B292" box="[1040,1159,1424,1447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Degeh Bur</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="C60F4E58FFD3FFF4FB0785DD4474B292" box="[1170,1334,1424,1447]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Harege Region</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="57C67644FFD3FFF4FAD785DD44DEB292" box="[1346,1436,1424,1447]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
(
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,
<geoCoordinate id="4AE55013FFD3FFF4FEBD85FD403CB2F2" box="[296,382,1456,1479]" degrees="43" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" precision="925" value="43.5">43°30'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="A4FCD1E7FFD3FFF4FE1C85FD4304B2F2" box="[393,582,1456,1479]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.067" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1067.0">
elevation
<quantity id="E8299B31FFD3FFF4FE6785FD4304B2F2" box="[498,582,1456,1479]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.067" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1067.0">1067 m</quantity>
</elevation>
),
<typeStatus id="F06A8876FFD3FFF4FDCC85FD43F4B2F2" box="[601,694,1456,1479]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="7F779EAFFFD3FFF4FD2885FD4222B2F2" box="[701,864,1456,1479]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">BMNH 1949.2</specimenCode>
.3.47, collected by R.H.R. Taylor, 193233.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67CB655FFFD3FFF4FF0285B7435DB151" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFD3FFF4FF0285B7435DB151" blockId="14.[151,1436,1530,2036]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD3FFF4FF0285B7404DB121" bold="true" box="[151,271,1530,1556]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Distinguished from all other species of the genus in having 16 scale rows on the body, 14 on the tail, and an undifferentiated cloacal shield. In addition the paravertebral scale rows extend forward to separate the parietals from the postfrontal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67CB655FFFD3FFEAFF53863F42F7B52F" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFD3FFF4FF53863F4355B181" blockId="14.[151,1436,1530,2036]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD3FFF4FF53863F4015B1B9" bold="true" box="[198,343,1650,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description</emphasis>
. Body cylindrical, with head and neck broadened and flattened, the moderate tail tapers slightly to a small terminal cone.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFD3FFEAFF53868F45A2B61F" blockId="14.[151,1436,1530,2036]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,152,1018]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Snout slightly hooked in lateral profile, rostral moderate (0.43 head width) and subtriangular, extending nearly to the level of the eyes, with a distinct preoral groove ventrally. Behind rostral, upper lip bordered by infranasal (nostril midway between rostral and supralabial along nasal suture), short anterior supralabial with width along lip equal to that of infranasal, large ocular (eyes not visible due to removal of skull), and moderate posterior supralabial. Supraoculars strongly oblique, three times as long as wide, anteriorly wedged between supranasal and ocular, posteriorly wedged between the large subtriangular postfrontal and a much smaller subhexagonal postparietal. Bordering the postparietals and the postfrontal is a pair of small interparietals followed by an interoccipital similar in size to the middorsals following it. Parietals transverse, separated from the postfrontal by a postparietal [= forward extension of the paravertebral scale row], in contact with the posterior supralabial. Occipitals not fused, a pair of scales occupying the space of the typically fused leptotyphlopid occipital. Two temporals between lateral occipital and posterior supralabial. No mental, the lower jaw has been damaged by removal of the skull prior to its registration at the Natural History Museum.</paragraph>
<caption id="7BAE665CFFD2FFF5FF02874B40E4B0D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6789080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6789080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6789080/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[151,238,1798,1822]" targetBox="[264,1322,194,1764]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFD2FFF5FF02874B40E4B0D8" blockId="15.[151,1436,1798,2029]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD2FFF5FF02874B4031B02B" bold="true" box="[151,371,1798,1822]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">PLATE 6. Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFD2FFF5FEEF874A4324B02B" authorityName="Broadley" authorityYear="1999" box="[378,614,1799,1822]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD2FFF5FEEF874A4324B02B" box="[378,614,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Leptotyphlops parkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Dorsal and lateral views of the holotype, BMNH 1949.2.3.47 — Degeh Bur, Ethiopia. The line represents 1 mm to scale. After
<bibRefCitation id="4B404B25FFD2FFF5FD558764422BB075" author="Broadley" box="[704,873,1833,1856]" firstAuthor="Broadley" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref57855" refString="Broadley, D. G. &amp; Broadley, S. (1999) A review of the African Worm Snakes from south of Latitude 12 ° S (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae). Syntarsus (Bulawayo), (5), 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1999">Broadley, 1999</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD2FFF5FCE187644299B074" bold="true" box="[884,987,1833,1857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFD2FFF5FC71876445B6B075" box="[996,1268,1833,1856]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD2FFF5FC71876445B6B075" box="[996,1268,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Leptotyphlops reticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of the holotype, BMNH 1946.1.16.53 — Wagar, Golis Mts, Somalia. From Lanza,
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD2FFF5FAC78701404BB0B3" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Snakes of Somalia</emphasis>
(in prep.). Drawings by E. Wade.
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD2FFF5FDE087234398B0B3" bold="true" box="[629,730,1902,1926]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFD2FFF5FD74872242B1B0B3" box="[737,1011,1903,1926]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD2FFF5FD74872242B1B0B3" box="[737,1011,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Leptotyphlops boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Dorsal. lateral and ventral views of the head of MCZ 40085 — Lamu Island, Kenya. The line represents 1 mm to scale.
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD2FFF5FC7887DC4510B09C" bold="true" box="[1005,1106,1937,1961]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFD2FFF5FBCD87DC4405B09D" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[1112,1351,1937,1960]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drewesi">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFD2FFF5FBCD87DC4405B09D" box="[1112,1351,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Leptotyphlops drewesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Dorsal and lateral views of the head of the holotype, CAS 85756 — 10 km south of Isiolo, Kenya, after
<bibRefCitation id="4B404B25FFD2FFF5FB0187F94479B0FE" author="Wallach, V." box="[1172,1339,1972,1995]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref63369" refString="Wallach, V. (1996) Leptotyphlops drewesi n. sp., a worm snake from central Kenya (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae). Journal of African Zoology (Wavre), 110 (6), 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1996">Wallach (1996)</bibRefCitation>
. The line represents 1 mm to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFCDFFEAFF538175451DB64F" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Body covered with 16 rows of smooth, imbricate, subequal scales, reducing to 14 rows on the tail just caudad of the undifferentiated cloacal shield. Total middorsals 302; subcaudals 28.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFCDFFEAFF5381C54226B697" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1018]" box="[198,868,392,418]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Total length/tail ratio 16.0; total length/diameter ratio 67.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFCDFFEAFF5381FD40C5B6C7" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Three middorsal scale rows pigmented golden brown, next lateral row irregularly pigmented, venter unpigmented, white.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFCDFFEAFF5381B242F7B52F" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1018]" box="[198,949,511,538]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFF5381B24042B52C" bold="true" box="[198,256,511,537]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Size.</emphasis>
Length of
<typeStatus id="F06A8876FFCDFFEAFE14824D40A5B52F" box="[385,487,512,538]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
150 + 10 =
<quantity id="E8299B31FFCDFFEAFDE3824D4398B52F" box="[630,730,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="160.0">160 mm</quantity>
, diameter
<quantity id="E8299B31FFCDFFEAFCC1824D42F3B52F" box="[852,945,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67CB655FFFCDFFEAFF53826A40F2B55F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFCDFFEAFF53826A40F2B55F" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFF53826A401DB574" bold="true" box="[198,351,551,577]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
. Only known from the
<typeStatus id="F06A8876FFCDFFEAFDED826543E9B577" box="[632,683,552,578]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFCA6826545D0B574" box="[819,1170,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFCDFFEAFCA68265428FB574" box="[819,973,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Chrysopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chrysopogon</taxonomicName>
/Dactyloctenium
</emphasis>
grassland on the edge of the Ogaden (
<figureCitation id="B7EA2A51FFCDFFEAFED9821D40E3B55F" box="[332,417,592,618]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,238,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[268,1322,271,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-152@13.[264,1323,266,1713]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="PLATE 5. Leptotyphlops. Distribution of the Leptotyphlops parkeri, L. reticulatus, L. longicaudus and L. nigricans species groups in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6789078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6789078/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Plate 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="67CB655FFFCDFFEAFF53823A4453B4CF" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFCDFFEAFF53823A4594B58F" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFF53823A4008B5A4" bold="true" box="[198,330,631,657]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Discussion</emphasis>
. The only other species in the family with 16 scale rows on the body is
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFCDFFEAFB3482354046B58F" authority="(Villiers)" baseAuthorityName="Villiers" baseAuthorityYear="1956" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Rhinoleptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koniagui">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFB34823544DEB5A4" box="[1185,1436,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhinoleptus koniagui</emphasis>
(Villiers)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFCDFFEAFE9A82ED4350B58C" authorityName="Broadley" authorityYear="1999" box="[271,530,672,697]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFE9A82ED4350B58C" box="[271,530,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Leptotyphlops parkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares several characters with it that may be plesiomorphic:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFCDFFEAFF5382854279B46F" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
1. In
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFCDFFEAFE9C828540D7B5D4" authorityName="Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Esteve &amp; Guibe" authorityYear="1970" box="[265,405,712,737]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Rhinoleptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFE9C828540D7B5D4" box="[265,405,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhinoleptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are no differentiated parietal or occipital shields. In
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFCDFFEAFBCF82854590B5D4" authorityName="Broadley" authorityYear="1999" box="[1114,1234,712,737]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFBCF82854590B5D4" box="[1114,1234,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">L. parkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the parietals are small and separated from the frontal by the paravertebral scale rows, while there are no differentated occipitals. In all other
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFCDFFEAFEC3835540BEB404" baseAuthorityName="Broadley &amp; Broadley" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[342,508,792,817]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFEC3835540BEB404" box="[342,508,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Leptotyphlops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the parietals are large and in good contact with the frontal, while the occipitals on each side are often fused to form equally large shields.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFCDFFEAFF538325430BB4E7" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
2.
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFCDFFEAFF73832540AFB4B4" authorityName="Broadley" authorityYear="1999" box="[230,493,872,897]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFF73832540AFB4B4" box="[230,493,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Leptotyphlops parkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
agrees with
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFCDFFEAFD1E83254255B4B4" authorityName="Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Esteve &amp; Guibe" authorityYear="1970" box="[651,791,872,897]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Rhinoleptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFD1E83254255B4B4" box="[651,791,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhinoleptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 16 scale rows on the body, reducing to 14 rows on the first third of the tail. All other members of the family have 14 scale rows on the body, usually reducing to 12 or 10 rows on the tail.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F6E36D4FFCDFFEAFF5383AD4453B4CF" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,1018]" box="[198,1297,992,1018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
3.
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFCDFFEAFF7183AD40A5B4CC" authorityName="Broadley" authorityYear="1999" box="[228,487,992,1017]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Leptotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFF7183AD40A5B4CC" box="[228,487,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Leptotyphlops parkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
agrees with
<taxonomicName id="E8D14D57FFCDFFEAFDE983AD424AB4CC" authorityName="Orejas-Miranda, Roux-Esteve &amp; Guibe" authorityYear="1970" box="[636,776,992,1017]" class="Reptilia" family="Leptotyphlopidae" genus="Rhinoleptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DA5EAC6FFCDFFEAFDE983AD424AB4CC" box="[636,776,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhinoleptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having an undifferentiated cloacal shield.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>