332 lines
40 KiB
XML
332 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="2023B555FD17D114448B951375FDE71C" ID-CLB-Dataset="45676" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210583" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6ee161c-0e9a-461b-bec9-ef251bf6cd8e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210583" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460426309603" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dai, Wu & Zhang, Yalin" docDate="2012" docId="A75B87B9FF8F333039B23C04FC5214DA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03157p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3157" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parallygus Melichar" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="5B62FFC1FF8E333339253E43FFF51378" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Oriental leafhopper genus Parallygus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of new species" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698330721715" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A9E1B1393690438FC748B23F78939C01">Revision of the Oriental leafhopper genus Parallygus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with description of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E9392051AEDF90AA44BF11F9D895530B">Dai, Wu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B35166946E768A7CD0319CC16CDF3ADF">Zhang, Yalin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="10A68503E7F97DA741E75AED50E09001">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="02A0C27B29A4C72452ADC43F9D7CC594">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A75B87B9FF8F333039B23C04FC5214DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6175318" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119428690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6175318" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A75B87B9FF8F333039B23C04FC5214DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A75B87B9FF8F333039B23C04FC5214DA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="67E86524FF8F333239B23C04FE671119" box="[151,402,583,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8F333239B23C04FE671119" blockId="1.[151,402,583,609]" box="[151,402,583,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="740581C3FF8F333239B23C04FE671119" bold="true" box="[151,402,583,609]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F333239B23C04FE671119" ID-CoL="8R5SK" authority="Melichar" authorityName="Melichar" box="[151,402,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F333239B23C04FE671119" bold="true" box="[151,402,583,609]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F333239B23C04FEEF1119" bold="true" box="[151,282,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Parallygus</emphasis>
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Melichar
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="67E86524FF8F333239B23CCCFA76145C" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8F333239B23CCCFB4F11DC" blockId="1.[151,1210,654,677]" box="[151,1210,654,677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="0FE21181FF8F333239B23CCCFB4F11DC" box="[151,1210,654,677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F333239B23CCCFE2911DC" ID-CoL="8R5SK" authority="Melichar, 1903: 179" authorityName="Melichar" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,476,654,677]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F333239B23CCCFEF311DD" box="[151,262,655,677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Parallygus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="AE5310BEFF8F333238293CCDFE2911DC" author="Melichar" box="[268,476,654,676]" page="179" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8F333238293CCDFE5C11DC" author="Melichar" box="[268,425,654,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Melichar, L. (1903) Fauna von Ceylon. iv + 248. Verlag von Felix L. Dames, Berlin." type="book chapter" year="1903">Melichar, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 179
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="F049880DFF8F333238C03CCCFDE211DC" box="[485,535,655,676]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F33323B503CCCFC3511DC" ID-CoL="75PMR" authority="Melichar" authorityName="Melichar" box="[629,960,654,677]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divaricatus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F33323B503CCCFCA911DD" box="[629,860,655,677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Parallygus divaricatus</emphasis>
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Melichar
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8F333239B23C92FC901049" blockId="1.[151,1437,721,2008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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Medium sized leafhoppers measuring
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<quantity id="E80A9B4AFF8F33323B753C92FD2F1191" box="[592,730,721,745]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="5.5">5.5–7.5 mm</quantity>
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long. Ochraceous with brown to chocolate brown markings; stripe ventrad of lateral carina of pronotum, one submarginal line along basal half of costa bordering yellow band and in contact with large, elongate costal spot, chocolate brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8F333239E03D7EFBEA16ED" blockId="1.[151,1437,721,2008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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Head narrower than pronotum, rather thin anteriorly, angulate at transition of vertex and face; disc of vertex with transverse furrow, polished, longitudinally rugulose, anterior margin beyond furrow shagreen. Face (including eyes) as wide as long, antennal pits shallow, slightly transgressing margins of frontoclypeus, transclypeal sulcus complete, clypellus with concave lateral margins, slightly wider at apex than at base, lora not attaining genal margin. Eyes moderately large overlying anterolateral angles of pronotum. Ocelli large, separated from adjacent eye by distance less than half their diameter. Labium not exceeding prosternum. Pronotum with long carinate lateral margins, anterior margin roundly produced, posterior margin slightly concave; disc polished but with transverse, smooth, irregular ridges, sparingly punctate, about twice (1.75–2.0) as long as head. Scutellum as long as pronotum or slightly longer, surface of scutum shagreen, transversely wrinkled. Forewings with claval veins either connected by one or two cross veins or separate; one cross vein between claval suture and outer claval vein; three subapical cells and four apical cells; inner subapical cell open basally, outer subapical cell small, one reflexed vein arising from outer subapical cell, another one from median subapical cells to costa, rarely from the outer subapical cell (
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F333239853AADFF0F167D" ID-CoL="8RMLX" box="[160,250,1262,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttatus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F333239853AADFF0F167D" box="[160,250,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">guttatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); outer and inner apical cells triangular. Profemur AM row with one preapical macroseta (AM1); AD row of setae present only in basal half, intercalary row with 12–13 long slender setae; AV row with short peg-like setae about
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<quantity id="E80A9B4AFF8F333239FB3B76FEEC1635" box="[222,281,1333,1357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="19.0">19 in</quantity>
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number. Protibia and mesotibia with 4+4 setae.
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<collectingCountry id="57E5763FFF8F33323A6D3B76FC751635" box="[840,896,1333,1357]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Hind</collectingCountry>
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femoral distal setal formula 2+2+1; hind tibial setal formula AD 12, AV 17–20, PD 17–20; metabasitarsus with two rows of five setae on plantar surface, outer row of setae shorter; apical pecten with 6 platellae and one outer short stout seta.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8F333239E03BE2FA7415EC" blockId="1.[151,1437,721,2008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Male tenth segment well developed, sclerotized. Male pygofer fused laterally with valve, with dorsal marginal lobe-like process. Subgenital plates infolded at midlength appearing rounded at caudal margin with prominent macrosetae, anterior part triangular, apically sclerotized and pigmented, with indication of setal bases or with setae. Style with reduced apophysis, thin, plate-like, unpigmented, lodged in infolded area of subgenital plate, oriented almost at 45o angle dorsad, articulated with connective at midlength. Connective with reduced stem, V- or Ushaped, or stem absent, with divided arms that independently articulate with aedeagus. Aedeagus with paired shafts, each with separate gonopore, with or without basal and ventral processes. Gonopores apical or subapical.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8F333239E038E3FA76145C" blockId="1.[151,1437,721,2008]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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Female seventh sternum broader than long with posterior margin truncate or medially slightly emarginate. First pair of valvulae straight, of uniform width for most part except caudal 0.3, sculptured area on distal 0.3 length, proximally with oblique corrugated lines, and distally with overlapping cells (
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<figureCitation id="B7C92A2AFF8F33323ADB38ABFBB01478" box="[1022,1093,1768,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[229,1370,226,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[181,1405,193,1174]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female ovipositor of undetermined species of Parallygus. A. First pair of valvula, lateral view; B. First pair of valvula showing distribution of sculpturing; C. Details of sculpturing of first pair of valvula in middle region; D. Details of sculpturing of first pair of valvula in the apical region; E. Second pair of valvula, lateral view. F. Second pair of valvula showing arrangement of teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210585/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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A–D). Second pair of valvulae arcuate, with dorsal toothed area on distal 0.33 length, teeth prominent with secondary crenulations (
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<figureCitation id="B7C92A2AFF8F33323DD8394FFAB0145C" box="[1277,1349,1804,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[229,1370,226,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[181,1405,193,1174]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female ovipositor of undetermined species of Parallygus. A. First pair of valvula, lateral view; B. First pair of valvula showing distribution of sculpturing; C. Details of sculpturing of first pair of valvula in middle region; D. Details of sculpturing of first pair of valvula in the apical region; E. Second pair of valvula, lateral view. F. Second pair of valvula showing arrangement of teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210585/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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E, F).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="67E86524FF8F333139E03973FEEC12B7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8F333139E03973FB1E13AC" blockId="1.[151,1437,721,2008]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F333239E03973FECC1430" bold="true" box="[197,313,1840,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This genus is externally similar to
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F33323BEF3973FC5C1430" authority="Melichar" authorityName="Melichar" box="[714,937,1840,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Platyretus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F33323BEF3973FCC91430" box="[714,828,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Platyretus</emphasis>
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Melichar
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8F33323AC33973FB061430" author="Viraktamath" box="[998,1267,1840,1864]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" refString="Viraktamath, C. A., M. D. Webb, W. Dai & Y. Zhang (2008) A review of the Oriental grassland leafhopper genus Platyrerus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Zootaxa, 1696, 37 - 47." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Viraktamath
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F33323D5D3972FB441430" box="[1144,1201,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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) both in coloration and appearance. In fact, specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F33323BA13917FD0A1414" box="[644,767,1876,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F33323BA13917FD0A1414" box="[644,767,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Parallygus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are often mixed up with those of
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F33323D593917FB1B1414" box="[1148,1262,1876,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Platyretus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F33323D593917FB1B1414" box="[1148,1262,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Platyretus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in entomological collections. J. Zahniser (personal correspondence) also points out that the African genera,
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F33323DC3393BFF0E14CC" authority="Kirkaldy" authorityName="Kirkaldy" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Scaphoidophyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F33323DC3393BFA6914E8" box="[1254,1436,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Scaphoidophyes</emphasis>
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Kirkaldy
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F3332381639DFFDF114CC" authority="Theron" authorityName="Theron" box="[307,516,1948,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Capoideus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F3332381639DFFE5E14CC" box="[307,427,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Capoideus</emphasis>
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Theron
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</taxonomicName>
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are also very similar, at least externally to
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F33323ACA39DFFB9414CC" box="[1007,1121,1948,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Platyretus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F33323ACA39DFFB9414CC" box="[1007,1121,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Platyretus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8F33323DBF39DFFAE114CC" box="[1178,1300,1948,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8F33323DBF39DFFAE114CC" box="[1178,1300,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Parallygus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, being dark brown dorsally and lemon-yellow or pale ventrally, often with the median part of the scutellum bright yellow and having the lateral margin of the pronotum fairly long, almost as long as the basal width of the eye. In addition, the outer anteapical cell is very small in
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8C33313B173EFFFD5813AC" box="[562,685,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313B173EFFFD5813AC" box="[562,685,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Parallygus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and even sometimes absent as in
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<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8C33313D0A3EFFFB1013AC" box="[1071,1253,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Scaphoidophyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313D0A3EFFFB1013AC" box="[1071,1253,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Scaphoidophyes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8C333139E03E9CFEEC12B7" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Despite their external similarities, the male genitalia of the above genera are very different. The male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8C333139903F47FEC51264" box="[181,304,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C333139903F47FEC51264" box="[181,304,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Parallygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are specialized; the subgenital plates are infolded so that the distal end of a rather degenerate style is lodged into each infolding of the plate, the connective is either U or V-shaped without stem or with divided arms articulating with the aedeagus independently and the aedeagus has paired shafts with or without a pair of ventral posteriorly directed blade-like processes. The female seventh sternite in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8C33313AE53F33FBC712F0" box="[960,1074,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Platyretus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313AE53F33FBC712F0" box="[960,1074,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Platyretus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is trilobed with the median lobe flap-like and showing specialization (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8C33313B1A3FD7FCBA12D4" author="Viraktamath" box="[575,847,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" refString="Viraktamath, C. A., M. D. Webb, W. Dai & Y. Zhang (2008) A review of the Oriental grassland leafhopper genus Platyrerus Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Zootaxa, 1696, 37 - 47." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Viraktamath
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313BF13FD6FCF812D4" box="[724,781,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) compared to a simple plate-like seventh sternite in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8C333139B23FFBFEE712A8" box="[151,274,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C333139B23FFBFEE712A8" box="[151,274,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Parallygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="7B8D6627FF8C333139B23926FF1214C4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210584/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[183,1407,547,1812]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8C333139B23926FF1214C4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1893,1980]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C333139B23926FEE61402" bold="true" box="[151,275,1893,1916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C3331385A3925FE791403" bold="true" box="[383,396,1894,1915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">–</emphasis>
|
||
D) and lateral (E
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313B1B3925FDBF1403" bold="true" box="[574,586,1894,1915]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">–</emphasis>
|
||
F) views of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8C33313A173926FC541403" box="[818,929,1893,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313A173926FC541403" box="[818,929,1893,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Parallygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, E.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8C33313ACF3925FB3A1403" authority="Matsumura" authorityName="Matsumura" box="[1002,1231,1894,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313ACF3925FBA31403" box="[1002,1110,1894,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">P. guttatus</emphasis>
|
||
Matsumura
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from China; B,F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8C33313CAC3925FE6D14E2" authority="Dai & Zhang" authorityName="Dai & Zhang" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jiuhuaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313CAC3925FEFF14E2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">P. jiuhuaensis</emphasis>
|
||
Dai & Zhang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C3331388639C7FE0614E1" bold="true" box="[419,499,1924,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06B557C6FF8C3331388639C7FE0614E1" box="[419,499,1924,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; C,G.
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313B1139C6FD3C14E2" box="[564,713,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">P. b u r m i n d i c u s</emphasis>
|
||
Viraktamath & Webb,
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313A9239C7FBF214E1" bold="true" box="[951,1031,1924,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
; D,H.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8C33313D6839C6FA6D14E2" authority="Viraktamath & Webb" authorityName="Viraktamath & Webb" box="[1101,1432,1924,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rameshi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8C33313D6839C6FB4D14E2" box="[1101,1208,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">P. rameshi</emphasis>
|
||
Viraktamath & Webb
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06B557C6FF8C333139B239E4FF1214C4" box="[151,231,1959,1980]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7B8D6627FF8D333039B23AE8FE851666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210585/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[229,1370,226,1125]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8D333039B23AE8FE851666" blockId="3.[151,1436,1195,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D333039B23AE8FEE717B9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1195,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Female ovipositor of undetermined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303BCE3AEFFCAF17BA" box="[747,858,1196,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D33303BCE3AEFFCAF17BA" box="[747,858,1196,1218]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Parallygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. First pair of valvula, lateral view; B. First pair of valvula showing distribution of sculpturing; C. Details of sculpturing of first pair of valvula in middle region; D. Details of sculpturing of first pair of valvula in the apical region; E. Second pair of valvula, lateral view. F. Second pair of valvula showing arrangement of teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="67E86524FF8D333039E03B08FC5214DA" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8D333039E03B08FD92144F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1354,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D333039E03B08FEB5161B" ID-CoL="8R5SK" box="[197,320,1355,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D333039E03B08FEB5161B" box="[197,320,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Parallygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been assigned to the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303BB73B09FCF8161A" ID-CoL="9DMYH" box="[658,781,1354,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athysanini">Athysanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Metcalf, 1957;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8D33303AE23B09FB7D161A" author="Oman" box="[967,1160,1354,1379]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Oman, P. W., Knight, W. J. & Nielson, M. W. (1990) Leafhoppers (Cicdellidae): a bibliography, generic check-list and index to the World literature 1956 - 1985. C. A. B. International Institute of Entomology 368 pp." type="book chapter" year="1990">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="57E5763FFF8D33303AE23B09FBF9161A" box="[967,1036,1354,1378]" name="Oman" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D33303D373B0FFBBC161B" box="[1042,1097,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but it differs from other genera of this tribe, including
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D333038D13B2CFD1B16FF" box="[500,750,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D333038D13B2CFD9B16FF" ID-CoL="8R4C9" box="[500,622,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Capoideus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Capoideus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303B593B2CFD1B16FF" ID-CoL="8R5X3" box="[636,750,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Platyretus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Platyretus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303A0F3B2CFC1516FF" ID-CoL="8R65N" box="[810,992,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Scaphoidophyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D33303A0F3B2CFC1516FF" box="[810,992,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Scaphoidophyes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having paired aedeagal shafts with two gonopores, the most distinctive feature of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303A343BD1FBB416D2" ID-CoL="9DMZJ" authority="(Emeljanov, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Emeljanov" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[785,1089,1426,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Opsiini">
|
||
Opsiini (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8D33303A563BD1FBCC16D2" author="Emeljanov" box="[883,1081,1426,1450]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Emeljanov, A. F. (1962) New tribes of leafhoppers of the subfamily Euscelinae (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae) Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie (Moscow) 40, 120 - 130." type="journal article" year="1962">Emeljanov, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Recent phylogenetic analyses have failed to support consistently the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303BD63BF4FCB316B7" ID-CoL="9DMZJ" box="[755,838,1463,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Opsiini">Opsiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303A5B3BF4FC0916B7" ID-CoL="9DMYH" box="[894,1020,1463,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athysanini">Athysanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8D33303D2A3BF4FAA416B7" author="Zahniser" box="[1039,1361,1463,1487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Zahniser, J. N. & Dietrich C. H. (2008) Phylogeny of the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae (Insecta: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) and related subfamilies based on morphology. Systematics and Biodiversity, 6, 1 - 24" type="journal article" year="2008">Zahniser and Dietrich, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8D33303C783BF4FA6D16B7" author="Zahniser" box="[1373,1432,1463,1487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Zahniser, J. N. & Dietrich C. H. (2010) Phylogeny of the leafhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) based on molecular and morphological data with a revised family-group classification. Systematic Entomology, 35, 489 - 511" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8D333039B23B99FEBC168A" author="Dai" box="[151,329,1498,1523]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Dai, W., Dietrich, C. H. & Zhang, Y. L. (2011) Review of the Oriental leafhopper genus Lampridius Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), with description of a related new genus. Zoological Science, 28 (5), 380 - 387." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Dai
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D333039E23B9FFF0D168B" box="[199,248,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but this could be due to a lack of sufficiently informative data and/or low taxon sampling. Moreover, closely related species of some groups vary for certain characters thought to be stable at the tribal level. For example, connectives among species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303B423860FC681542" ID-CoL="8R5SB" authority="Ishihara" authorityName="Ishihara" box="[615,925,1570,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Paralaevicephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D33303B423860FCCC1543" box="[615,825,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Paralaevicephalus</emphasis>
|
||
Ishihara
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(deltocephaline tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303DBF3861FAEA1542" ID-CoL="8JKD4" box="[1178,1311,1570,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paralimnini">Paralimnini</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are either racquet-shaped, as is usual for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D333038D23804FD881527" ID-CoL="8JKD4" box="[503,637,1607,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paralimnini">Paralimnini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or Y-shaped (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8D33303A043804FC1D1527" author="Xing" box="[801,1000,1607,1631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Xing, J., Dai, R. H. & Li, Z. Z. (2009) A taxonomic study of the genus Paralaevicephalus Ishihara (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), with description of four new species from China. Zootaxa, 1979, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Xing
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D33303A41380BFC631527" box="[868,918,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which would cause these congeneric species to key out to different tribes. Similarly, the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D33303A303828FC3315FB" box="[789,966,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Paralampridius</emphasis>
|
||
Dai, Dietrich & Zhang, closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D333039B238CCFE1115DF" ID-CoL="8R5DK" authority="Distant" authorityName="Distant" box="[151,484,1679,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Lampridius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D333039B238CCFEED15DF" box="[151,280,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Lampridius</emphasis>
|
||
Distant (Opsiini)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but lacks the main diagnostic feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303AED38CCFBEA15DF" ID-CoL="9DMZJ" box="[968,1055,1679,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Opsiini">Opsiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
: paired aedeagal shafts with two gonopores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8D3330383E38F1FE3B15B2" author="Dai" box="[283,462,1714,1739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Dai, W., Dietrich, C. H. & Zhang, Y. L. (2011) Review of the Oriental leafhopper genus Lampridius Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae), with description of a related new genus. Zoological Science, 28 (5), 380 - 387." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Dai
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D3330386938F7FE8815B3" box="[332,381,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, the paired aedeagi among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303A6E38F1FBF415B2" ID-CoL="9DMXJ" box="[843,1025,1714,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Deltocephalinae">Deltocephalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also found in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303C6D38F7FDD51597" ID-CoL="8R5HV" authority="Dlabola and Japananaus Ball" authorityName="Dlabola and Japananaus Ball" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Masiripius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D33303C6D38F7FF331597" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Masiripius</emphasis>
|
||
Dlabola and
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D33303844389BFE1D1597" box="[353,488,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Japananaus</emphasis>
|
||
Ball
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303B953894FCB91597" ID-CoL="8JKFH" box="[688,844,1751,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scaphytopiini">Scaphytopiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4B634B5EFF8D33303A793894FBDB1597" author="Oman" box="[860,1070,1751,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refString="Oman, P. W., Knight, W. J. & Nielson, M. W. (1990) Leafhoppers (Cicdellidae): a bibliography, generic check-list and index to the World literature 1956 - 1985. C. A. B. International Institute of Entomology 368 pp." type="book chapter" year="1990">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="57E5763FFF8D33303A793894FC571597" box="[860,930,1751,1775]" name="Oman" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D33303A89389BFC2A1597" box="[940,991,1751,1775]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in some Mukariini. So the tribal placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D3330385E38B8FE03146B" ID-CoL="8R5SK" box="[379,502,1787,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Parallygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D86EABDFF8D3330385E38B8FE03146B" box="[379,502,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Parallygus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains uncertain and is only tentatively retained in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D33303D4338B9FB14146A" ID-CoL="9DMYH" box="[1126,1249,1786,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Athysanini">Athysanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
pending further studies on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8F24D2CFF8D3330382B395CFE31144F" ID-CoL="9DMXJ" box="[270,452,1823,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Deltocephalinae">Deltocephalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
classification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2F4D36AFFF8D333039E03900FC5214DA" blockId="3.[151,1436,1354,1954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
In addition to the five species dealt with below there are at least three more species represented only by females collected from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="57E5763FFF8D333038653924FE8F1407" box="[320,378,1895,1919]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(UASB). Female genitalia of one of them are illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="B7C92A2AFF8D33303D363924FBAD1407" box="[1043,1112,1895,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1195,1218]" captionTargetBox="[229,1370,226,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[181,1405,193,1174]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Female ovipositor of undetermined species of Parallygus. A. First pair of valvula, lateral view; B. First pair of valvula showing distribution of sculpturing; C. Details of sculpturing of first pair of valvula in middle region; D. Details of sculpturing of first pair of valvula in the apical region; E. Second pair of valvula, lateral view. F. Second pair of valvula showing arrangement of teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210585/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F. The distributions of the four species in the Indian subcontinent and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="57E5763FFF8D33303B5B39C9FD3414DA" box="[638,705,1930,1954]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
are shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="B7C92A2AFF8D33303A7B39C9FC5714DA" box="[862,930,1930,1954]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1587,1610]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,193,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[154,1433,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Map showing distribution of species of Parallygus in India, Sri Lanka and China." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210591/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |