369 lines
52 KiB
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369 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C3ED69E0655ED5D5FD340A95F2B79923">Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EFAEDC79B4E0A2599F034545CA64C3A6">Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9B57974F4111290F3BCF1297EA23756A">Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa & Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CD0A19448B22F313ABA9738F10FDE913" type="email">zfilander@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="37B05333482ACE92CDBBDF70D956FE21">Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="81ACB3A916493BBD69BA6751BB974BAB">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil & Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9F7EE6AC67054F1AAD27AE285D08E6FA">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="26D6906BC9193DFEBFBE849FE86D590D">Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600035" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Stenocyathidae" scope_order="Scleractinia" scope_phylum="Cnidaria">
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<taxonomicName id="AAE0026879C03AE0DFE73BAFE9D43D81" ID-CoL="6ZM7Q" authority="(Pourtales, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Pourtales" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Stenocyathidae" genus="Stenocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenocyathus vermiformis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
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Stenocyathus vermiformis (
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, 1868)
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<figureCitation id="DC85253E735568D8A1F602FF9D2D7045" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. A, B. Letepsammia formosissima (SAM _ H 1429, off Kidds Beach, 79 m) A calicular view B basal view C, D Letepsammia franki (SAMC _ A 090070, off Durban, 95 m) C calicular view D basal view E, F Rhombopsammia niphada (SAM _ H 1390, off Port Alfred, 90 m) E calicular view F basal view G, H Stephanophyllia fungulus (SAMC _ A 073106, Cape Vidal, 140 m) G calicular view H basal view I Madrepora oculata (SAM _ H 3038, off St Lucia, 825 m) full view J, L Culicia sp. cf. Culicia australiensis (SAMC _ A 073032, off Shaka's Rock, 50 m) J calicular view K full view L septa details M, N Culicia excavata. M (UCTES _ DBN 85 H, off Ispongo, depth unknown): full view N (BMNH 1840.09.30.19, Cape of Good Hope, depth unknown): Calicular view O, P Stenocyathus vermiformis (SAM _ H 3213, off Cintsa, 630 m) O calicular view P lateral view Scale bars: 10 mm (A-H, J-N); 100 mm (I); 2 mm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604117" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 14O, P</figureCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="1E72DE431C82BADD0A9E52C1ACC8F52A" authorityName="Pourtales" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Stenocyathidae" genus="Coenocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coenocyathus vermiformis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vermiformis">Coenocyathus vermiformis</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="D95E3FBAB5610211C5B638403EBFA67B" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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, 1868: 133-134.
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<taxonomicName id="8DAFE1710BC5874D1AB9FECAEC8E10FB" baseAuthorityName="Pourtales" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Stenocyathidae" genus="Stenocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenocyathus vermiformis" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vermiformis">Stenocyathus vermiformis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="C2BC317A8B465CCC7FE9478A97052A4D" author="Pourtales, L de" journalOrPublisher="Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 93" refId="B224" refString="Pourtales, L de, 1871. Deep-sea corals. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 4: 1 - 93" title="Deep-sea corals." volume="4" year="1871">
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. -
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<normalizedToken id="DC677F51903B92541627299CCD14F1B3" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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1871
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 10, pl. 1, figs 1, 2, pl. 3, figs 11-13
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<bibRefCitation id="06E099EDE6081305F386F90FE44EA3DA" author="Pourtales, L de" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="197 - 212" refId="B226" refString="Pourtales, L de, 1878. Report on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the U.S. Margin Survey Steamer Blake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) 5 (9): 197 - 212" title="Report on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the U. S. Margin Survey Steamer Blake." volume="5" year="1878">
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. -
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<normalizedToken id="8414680C02FF4F3BB5C27A354C1327A0" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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1878
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 202
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<bibRefCitation id="D7EF88BAF8A91508C86DED33419F8D44" author="Pourtales, L de" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 120" refId="B227" refString="Pourtales, L de, 1880. Reports on the results of dredgings, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea, 1878-1879, by the U.S. Margin Survey Steamer Blake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) 6 (4): 95 - 120" title="Reports on the results of dredgings, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea, 1878 - 1879, by the U. S. Margin Survey Steamer Blake." volume="6" year="1880">
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. -
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<normalizedToken id="8E8D55B7AA8AAEBE3D9F58E26535D25C" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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1880
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 96, 101 (in part), pl. 1, figs 15, 16
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<bibRefCitation id="A360A84D3312F29BE48B9CBAAF117C9B" author="Duncan, P" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B74" refString="Duncan, P, 1883. Remarks on an essay by Prof. G. Lindstroem, entitled Contribution to the Actinology of the Atlantic Ocean, and a reply to some of his criticisms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5, 12(72): 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938309459646" title="Remarks on an essay by Prof. G. Lindstroem, entitled Contribution to the Actinology of the Atlantic Ocean, and a reply to some of his criticisms. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5, 12 (72): 361 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938309459646" year="1883">. -Duncan 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: 368. -
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<bibRefCitation id="F50277E7D5244DD39D17ED524AE15FF5" author="Agassiz, A" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B3" refString="Agassiz, A, 1888. The cruises of the United States margin and geodetic survey steamer Blake in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Caribbean Sea, and along the Atlantic margin of the United States, from 1877 to 1880, vol. 2. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) 15, 220 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.26524" title="The cruises of the United States margin and geodetic survey steamer Blake in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Caribbean Sea, and along the Atlantic margin of the United States, from 1877 to 1880, vol. 2. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) 15, 220 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 26524" year="1888">Agassiz 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 148, fig. 483. -von
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<bibRefCitation id="9942C69A66390BE6803AE0FDD09C9860" author="Marenzeller, von E" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B177" refString="Marenzeller, von E, 1904a. Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898-1899 7(3): 261-318." title="Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899 7 (3): 261 - 318." year="1904 a">Marenzeller 1904a</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 298-300, pl. 18, fig. 16
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A3AD1873D1310C476FD1B201FF68383D" author="Gravier, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique (Monaco)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 22" refId="B113" refString="Gravier, C, 1915. Note preliminaire sur les Madreporaires receuilles au cours des croisieres de la Princesse - Alice et de l'Hirondelle, de 1893 a 1913 inclusivement. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique (Monaco) 304 (12): 1 - 22" title="Note preliminaire sur les Madreporaires receuilles au cours des croisieres de la Princesse - Alice et de l'Hirondelle, de 1893 a 1913 inclusivement." volume="304" year="1915">. -Gravier 1915</bibRefCitation>
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: 2. -
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<bibRefCitation id="EDE22E7834E19AF56B482D18E9BDA83D" author="Gravier, C" journalOrPublisher="Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I, Prince Souverain de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 123" refId="B114" refString="Gravier, C, 1920. Madreporaires provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse - Alice et Hirondelle II (1893-1913). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I, Prince Souverain de Monaco 55: 1 - 123" title="Madreporaires provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse - Alice et Hirondelle II (1893 - 1913)." volume="55" year="1920">Gravier 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 30-32, pl. 3, figs 35-37, pl. 13, figs 193-197
|
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<bibRefCitation id="30648E74E7EFB150877EC3FB544E784C" author="Gardiner, J" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="167 - 202" refId="B104" refString="Gardiner, J, Waugh, P, 1938. The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933-34. Scientific Reports 5 (7): 167 - 202" title="The flabellid and turbinolid corals. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34." volume="5" year="1938">. -Gardiner and Waugh 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 172
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<bibRefCitation id="CC16D3B7465A7EF29D2D429F94FAAC23" author="Wells, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletins of American Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="163 - 176" refId="B302" refString="Wells, J, 1947. Coral studies. Part III. Three new Cretaceous corals from Texas and Alabama. Part IV: A new species of Phyllangia from the Florida Miocene. Part V: A new Coenocyathus from Florida. Bulletins of American Paleontology 31: 163 - 176" title="Coral studies. Part III. Three new Cretaceous corals from Texas and Alabama. Part IV: A new species of Phyllangia from the Florida Miocene. Part V: A new Coenocyathus from Florida." volume="31" year="1947">. -Wells 1947</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 167, pl. 10, figs 1-5. -
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<bibRefCitation id="B84EC6529E45A24A275E49AED5FD6551" author="Wells, J" journalOrPublisher="Reports (Series B)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="257 - 275" refId="B304" refString="Wells, J, 1958. Scleractinian corals. B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Reports (Series B) 6 (11): 257 - 275" title="Scleractinian corals. B. A. N. Z. A. R. E." volume="6" year="1958">Wells 1958</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 262. -
|
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<bibRefCitation id="CEC5B263F8C1EEFBA4CBB1113CBF66E5" author="Squires, D" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 42" refId="B259" refString="Squires, D, 1959a. Deep-sea corals collected by the Lamont Geological Observatory. 1) Atlantic Corals. American Museum Novitates 165: 1 - 42" title="Deep-sea corals collected by the Lamont Geological Observatory. 1) Atlantic Corals." volume="165" year="1959 a">Squires 1959a</bibRefCitation>
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: 23
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<bibRefCitation id="DBCE3D7F8AB49E4B9044BD9D36F99117" author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="325 - 330" refId="B328" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1969. Note preliminaire sur la presence a Marseille de quatre Madreporaires peu connus: Desmophyllum fasciculatum (Risso, 1826), Guynia annulata (Duncan, 1872), Stenocyathus vermiformis (Pourtales, 1868) et Conotrochus magnaghii (Cecchini, 1914). Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France 93 (2): 325 - 330" title="Note preliminaire sur la presence a Marseille de quatre Madreporaires peu connus: Desmophyllum fasciculatum (Risso, 1826), Guynia annulata (Duncan, 1872), Stenocyathus vermiformis (Pourtales, 1868) et Conotrochus magnaghii (Cecchini, 1914)." volume="93" year="1969">. -Zibrowius 1969</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 328. -Laborel 1970: 153
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6E9F0459510B4C13AD72A5361C051D9D" author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Rapports et process-verbaux des reunions - Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="243 - 245" refId="B329" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1971. Remarques sur la faune sessile des grottes sous-marines et de l'etage bathyal en Mediterranee. Rapports et process-verbaux des reunions - Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee 20 (3): 243 - 245" title="Remarques sur la faune sessile des grottes sous-marines et de l'etage bathyal en Mediterranee." volume="20" year="1971">. -Zibrowius 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 244. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="629C9F27BAE13108F89A34FB639E177A" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B28" refString="Cairns, S, 1977b. Stony corals. I. Caryophylliina and Dendrophylliina (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). St. Petersburg, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research Laboratory. Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises 3 (4): 1 - 27" title="Stony corals. I. Caryophylliina and Dendrophylliina (Anthozoa: Scleractinia). St. Petersburg, Florida Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research Laboratory." volume="3" year="1977 b">Cairns 1977b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7FDD47644B47A144012D8D45EE62437F" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="216 - 221" refId="B29" refString="Cairns, S, 1978. New genus and species of ahermatypic coral (Scleractinia) from the western Atlantic. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington 91 (1): 216 - 221" title="New genus and species of ahermatypic coral (Scleractinia) from the western Atlantic." volume="91" year="1978">Cairns 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 11. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E743DF5CBD0F46AD844CF963FD070CC" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 168-170, pl. 32, figs 8-10, pl. 33, figs 1, 2. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ED1D3CD70016A2DB056D4AC6149EF305" author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 163-165, pl. 84, figs A-Q. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="995FB3CBC9D591B9254D29FA73A2DA13" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, S, 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Antarctic Research Series 34 (1): 1 - 74" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia." volume="34" year="1982">Cairns 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 52, pl. 16, figs 8-11
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1C524BB154553DCDEF05EB4032A9558A" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 30" refId="B33" refString="Cairns, S, 1984. New records of ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia) from the Hawaiian and Line Islands. Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum 25 (10): 1 - 30" title="New records of ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia) from the Hawaiian and Line Islands." volume="25" year="1984">. -Cairns 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 23, 25, pl. 5, fig. C. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C8530882D38B3775E6CEAE0EBED9433" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B59" refString="Cairns, S, Calder, D, Brinc kmann-Voss, A, Castro, C, Pugh, P, Cutress, C, Jaap, W, Fautin, D, Larson, R, Harbison, R, Arai, M, Opresko, D, 1991. Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 22: e75." title="Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 22: e 75." year="1991">Cairns et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 48
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AAC2EE3F27F80843AA7420A88C155A3B" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Monograph Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 82" refId="B52" refString="Cairns, S, Parker, S, 1992. Review of the Recent Scleractinia of South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum. Monograph Series 3: 1 - 82" title="Review of the Recent Scleractinia of South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum." volume="3" year="1992">. -Cairns and Parker 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 43, fig. 14B, C. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC9D40D0888E58D7805DC4DFF3E17AFB" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 273, fig. 12E, F
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6D1F144C39232440B58AF290A3FA5D7B" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">. -Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 69-70, pl. 22, fig. G, pl. 29, figs C, F. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8EB15D9BDC43BDD4310855F0C81B50E" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 94-95, pl. 30, figs C-G. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0AFA2C7306B6574E7616121E552A1A2" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Atoll Research Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="13 - 46" refId="B57" refString="Cairns, S, Hoeksema, B, van der Land, J, 1999. Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals. Atoll Research Bulletin 459: 13 - 46" title="Appendix: List of Extant Stony Corals." volume="459" year="1999">Cairns et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 33. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="39D19737CEE13B203BA709D4E71D7DBA" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Natural History of the Caribbean Region" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 215" refId="B43" refString="Cairns, S, 2000. A revision of the shallow-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia of the western Atlantic. Studies on the Natural History of the Caribbean Region 75: 1 - 215" title="A revision of the shallow-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia of the western Atlantic." volume="75" year="2000">Cairns 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 151-153, fig. 178
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A8B79FB8B4FCB3163A5F2D258C8BA1F" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="259 - 329" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, S, 2004a. The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 259 - 329" title="The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia." volume="56" year="2004 a">. -Cairns 2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 302. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BBFFC7B29F78F82EC04A343827BA49B1" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Paper of the Bernice P Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="45 - 53" refId="B47" refString="Cairns, S, 2006. New records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Hawaiian Islands. Occasional Paper of the Bernice P Bishop Museum 87: 45 - 53" title="New records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Hawaiian Islands." volume="87" year="2006">Cairns 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 48
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="81F0AB4059EE9F82363465EDACFE4A05" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="497 - 518" refId="B150" refString="Kitahara, M, 2007. Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 81 (3): 497 - 518" title="Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil." volume="81" year="2007">. -Kitahara 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 504, 505, 511, 512, fig. 5F. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F525461E3BD31B98AAD537CCD46EC79F" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Paper of the Bernice P Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, S, 2009. Online appendix: Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their junior synonyms and depth ranges. In: Roberts J, Wheeler, A, Freiwald, A, Cairns S (Eds) Cold water corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-sea Corals Habitats. Cambridge University Press. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7548" title="Online appendix: Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their junior synonyms and depth ranges. In: Roberts J, Wheeler, A, Freiwald, A, Cairns S (Eds) Cold water corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-sea Corals Habitats. Cambridge University Press. https: // repository. si. edu / handle / 10088 / 7548" year="2009">Cairns 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 22. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62A4C73604E1CC66540FFEC81640B6F9" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B157" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, Stolarski, J, Blair, D, Miller, D, 2010b. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial CO1 sequence data. PLoS ONE 5: e11490. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011490" title="A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial CO 1 sequence data. PLoS ONE 5: e 11490. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0011490" year="2010 b">Kitahara et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F4AF3357ACEEFA15750D71D96B27DAE" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 559-561, figs 308D-F, 309.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A4726D8690543832FEA52BD6CAB1B17C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57AB05760F66428E7B416C4E33A804E5" authorityName="Duncan" authorityYear="1878" class="Anthozoa" family="Stenocyathidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia simplex" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="simplex">Caryophyllia simplex</taxonomicName>
|
||
Duncan, 1878: 237, pl. 43, figs 32-34.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EEFED3F44A4A77BAA9C507468F15D748" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="229BE1B0B1603D97E0C5985256CB46D1" authorityName="Duncan" authorityYear="1878" class="Anthozoa" family="Stenocyathidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia carpenteri" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carpenteri">Caryophyllia carpenteri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Duncan, 1878: 237, pl. 43, figs 28-31.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C375DD6F5E09F868A9609D51F18B8BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph id="278828736519E899379D460750685AD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D20FCF41D967FC70D1A2A7FFC6F36AE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Off Florida Keys, United States; 274-329 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6D94173BBD662F7E726DFD40D0F1C90F" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="228E50D97217A5F61BA098DEBC11C713" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="859D964EAA3F1FC59B3AAFB0570D5AC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F7A4578EAA9CD11EA3BC890464789A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Syntypes are deposited at the MCZ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DAE5DC5D306B988ED665A4CCF31FCCBE" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="513F8B7E1569FB221192B51268EAF665" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="0BD74568CAA69A9EF223A76F25ADF5C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F517CF2DE728AB91496FDB27C013AE74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FBBBBD49EFCB57FBA0CE24DBE3D82379" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="St Lucia Estuary" elevation="550" latitude="-27.991667" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.68" municipality="Cape Vidal" specimenCount="2">
|
||
SAM_H1699 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="44B6E99DD586D84513E6FB50A7EC7330" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<location id="C6BFED57A42FB9F8A63F78EDE5A30CF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E:C6BFED57A42FB9F8A63F78EDE5A30CF5" county="St Lucia Estuary" latitude="-27.991667" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.68" municipality="Cape Vidal" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
|
||
margin,
|
||
<quantity id="19A4E0DCBB01B6D0B0E3ED364AB2ADD0" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="2F7D961D48A2B3170EE92969CD9E1966">Cape Vidal</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity id="0AA1E290B4B4FBA4723E86DD985C0B11" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="km" value="23.0">23 km</quantity>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="BC8B561A1A97F9281497E75441C34E11">St Lucia Estuary</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5DEB776BD7A5A40E9796948686385F46" degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.00" value="-27.991667">27°59'30.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2D354F6A9A9AFD10B301401656932EB7" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.99" value="32.68">32°40'47.99"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="356086A54C90159298E68ED2FFF0CFE1" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="389113183C2153893551EE319CFE1714" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="m" value="550.0">
|
||
<elevation id="F354F207D46450B5D7F7155F9949B733" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D47334F481E4217C936C804910CD6048" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Mgwalana Estuary" elevation="80" latitude="-33.49" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.35333" municipality="Port Alfred" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SAM_H3212 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="A01C9E5F5D7267CB80EEA941F7DE2358" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<location id="84D27B0BA5C3324D510F99A1EFF18C2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E:84D27B0BA5C3324D510F99A1EFF18C2D" county="Mgwalana Estuary" latitude="-33.49" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.35333" municipality="Port Alfred" name="Southern">Southern</location>
|
||
margin,
|
||
<quantity id="B6E53F96BDC0C89DED911748C340C21D" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" unit="km" value="46.0">46 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A05C0991D1A74493E228201570EC4734">Port Alfred</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity id="8CF785E7ABCD5B10E780A45E2038B363" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="7C72DA97E2289C8782B7013016E06B59">Mgwalana Estuary</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3128D5B9E1A9339E97810CC7AAD805C4" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="24.00" value="-33.49">33°29'24.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D9FFD770A19408DB1B44A3F87F25B983" degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.99" value="27.35333">27°21'11.99"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="8F1F7AA1379699C21D0213F8D0B0BA61" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="BF7F457EB2DB2BA51B956BF8C84E32EC" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="80.0">
|
||
<elevation id="B21865F1CBC8B11968DCC56B12023144" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="438DD48D18F05A7849DBB48224459392" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Cwili Estuary" elevation="630" latitude="-32.916664" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.516665" municipality="Cintsa" specimenCount="2">
|
||
SAM_H3213 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="DC6894336DAD790282A3FC314F350164" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<location id="AE5B0479D4ADEB2AC6105135E9E93BA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E:AE5B0479D4ADEB2AC6105135E9E93BA7" county="Cwili Estuary" latitude="-32.916664" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.516665" municipality="Cintsa" name="Southern">Southern</location>
|
||
margin,
|
||
<quantity id="936AF90BBD20DC0C5968B419B7414085" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="B6F74EC33788865E92008A2DC303C0E2">Cintsa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity id="22356596F83CAE196D016860B1D0AEEE" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" unit="km" value="29.0">29 km</quantity>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="76B8D364C8BC34FED44D74F85914A49E">Cwili Estuary</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="260D6837443B6EDB8465167E8047E7DC" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="59.99" value="-32.916664">32°54'59.99"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D963EA0C27871DDDE925A11B159AD915" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="59.99" value="28.516665">28°30'59.99"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="6ADE465A7D79871119E7A1734FB4EE12" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="6559B009008B491F0165B9252AAC1CA0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" unit="m" value="630.0">
|
||
<elevation id="9F8160852F02DA833261190EEE065D04" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" unit="m" value="630.0">630 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2E78126471AC1550AF669A37E96E6FA9" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Kobole Estuary" elevation="743" latitude="-32.476665" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.980001" municipality="Mazeppa Bay" specimenCount="1">
|
||
SAM_H3214 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="C3344F780936BA3B39D35084D44027EF" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<location id="C6AB9C890060562D3A2473B71EF69E10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9AF0A0B7702A2620C95DD4A971E9DE3E:C6AB9C890060562D3A2473B71EF69E10" county="Kobole Estuary" latitude="-32.476665" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.980001" municipality="Mazeppa Bay" name="Southern">Southern</location>
|
||
margin,
|
||
<quantity id="5370564DEC4AF2E98CBE81DFFF8FADCF" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C88A029E2A3801946108762704A4E89D">Mazeppa Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity id="8721BD7F3017782003B08D68D6B77D8A" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="051BCA18D93BF49A9216A0BF8901962F">Kobole Estuary</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="702453AEBB7158479FC5F9ED74843557" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="36.00" value="-32.476665">32°28'36.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AFC5FE611EE5A25B6BF008A18FE6614B" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.00" value="28.980001">28°58'48.00"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="2CF802DF3D99F60B6ABA4EFA0021D61A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.425" metricValueMax="7.75" metricValueMin="7.1" unit="m" value="742.5" valueMax="775.0" valueMin="710.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0A185102C2B9C3B4ABFB5B74F12B8C10" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.425" metricValueMax="7.75" metricValueMin="7.1" unit="m" value="742.5" valueMax="775.0" valueMin="710.0">
|
||
710-
|
||
<specimenCount id="5DE303B6A9AFA914FA13ACFB9B797D18" type="generic">775 m.</specimenCount>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5201EEC45506FAF78E54A24AE4059F68" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6178A38B82DB8E32643924CE2FCB9EA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C1E831844F0C3008566A706CA336B0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Corallum solitary, small, vermiform, usually free, but occasionally attached. Calice cylindrical to sub-cylindrical (GCD:LCD = 1.0-1.4), calicular margin smooth. Largest specimen examined (SAM_H1699) 4.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2CCF54EE3CCF99246C312624E1684BFE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.4 mm in CD and 20.0 mm in H. Theca thin, marked with transverse ridges extending from calicular edge to base, and white spots aligned in 24 longitudinal rows. Costae absent. Corallum white with light brown theca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7AC772752017A04F4F038B4C5612CF3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S1> S3 ≥ S2 (24 septa). S1 extend
|
||
<normalizedToken id="694BAAA9430F1BFBB98F73568D0508C7" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
distance to columella. S2 half the width of S1, and bear a pali. S3 slightly wider or equal to S2. All septa have sinuous axial edges, and granules arranged perpendicular to septal margin. Pali also granular and sinuous. Columella fascicular in a shallow to moderately deep fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C8B4C152D8BF6E232B7417A33098BC74" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="08396E1C402475B29A6AB47EFC0771C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D450C399745193256D2DEE9E5BC3F30" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Regional: Southern to eastern margins of South Africa, from off Cintsa extending to Cape Vidal; 80-775 m. Elsewhere: Walters Shoal; St Paul and Amsterdam Islands (von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="980C92FB8D6B3654DE778DF1FFD8C598" author="Marenzeller, von E" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B177" refString="Marenzeller, von E, 1904a. Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898-1899 7(3): 261-318." title="Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899 7 (3): 261 - 318." year="1904 a">Marenzeller 1904a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C744C0580F4664B1806E3353EA3FD768" author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="767 - 784" refId="B331" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1974a. Caryophyllia sarsiae n. sp. and other recent deep-water Caryophyllia (Scleractina) previously referred to little-known fossil species (C. arcuata, C. cylindracea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 54 (4): 767 - 784" title="Caryophyllia sarsiae n. sp. and other recent deep-water Caryophyllia (Scleractina) previously referred to little-known fossil species (C. arcuata, C. cylindracea)." volume="54" year="1974 a">Zibrowius 1974a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6EBC668BF2EFC7A6E0ADAFCF11E1670C" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="213 - 292" refId="B50" refString="Cairns, S, Keller, N, 1993. New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology. Annals of the South African Museum 103 (5): 213 - 292" title="New taxa distributional records of azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, with comments on their zoogeography and ecology." volume="103" year="1993">Cairns and Keller 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); New Zealand (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C38F0140C52D96890628B9C005F4370" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Australia
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="99D7A1C55CD6CB4FF3E283F0918CBC8B" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="259 - 329" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, S, 2004a. The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 259 - 329" title="The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia." volume="56" year="2004 a">(Cairns 2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); New Caledonia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6A78A6D7E041D59730560688676FAC55" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Mediterranean Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91DABF2BF027171C446C84A4A0A0CADC" author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); from off the United States
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17717C37567173D4C0BD9EF4A847A644" author="Pourtales, L de" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="121 - 141" refId="B223" refString="Pourtales, L de, 1868. Contributions to the fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) 1 (7): 121 - 141" title="Contributions to the fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths." volume="1" year="1868">
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D63409BA1E88E9ECDC1822E2AA628A2B" originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
|
||
1868
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5828554BEEBE3706CDA90C4BF20A11E4" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to Brazil
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="888A801D25B01C854DDFC53197A661DB" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="497 - 518" refId="B150" refString="Kitahara, M, 2007. Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 81 (3): 497 - 518" title="Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil." volume="81" year="2007">(Kitahara 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and Antarctica (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E1366D2BC6FCA66F5D06EA4191A52C4" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B32" refString="Cairns, S, 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia. Antarctic Research Series 34 (1): 1 - 74" title="Antarctic and Subantarctic Scleractinia." volume="34" year="1982">Cairns 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); 80-1500 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C396C8F8F5DDB30521BB3693F3840F5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="C1FD111CBA63CD460D2054EE5E2F6060" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F3DC2CF34E3B8F68CFBA2C56405EB4C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="10B4EF240179B5E8D73B3ABACB71F7D0" lsidName="S. vermiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F874248EDA51EDC2D5B95C55DDE5B4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vermiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined herein represent new records for the region, thus extending the previously known distribution from south of Madagascar towards South Africa. Furthermore, this is the only species of the family representative in the region and is distinctive in its small vermiform corallum, three septal cycles, and presence of thecal spots aligned in rows. Molecular evidence suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="747BFEAF1C9C12CCA300CE1C3520BB31" lsidName="S. vermiformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B6F206B99973359DE685DDE55061BEE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vermiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A33527D0D6A952EF53E7553B27C5B0" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Caryophylliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1AE2264DCACB75ECDBDFE6EFD271391E" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B157" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, Stolarski, J, Blair, D, Miller, D, 2010b. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial CO1 sequence data. PLoS ONE 5: e11490. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011490" title="A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial CO 1 sequence data. PLoS ONE 5: e 11490. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0011490" year="2010 b">Kitahara et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and thereby supports the hypothesis that thecal pores originated independently in different scleractinian lineages
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="88EE7C365EA2B46605360001F8E85B20" author="Stolarski, J" journalOrPublisher="Lethaia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="13 - 38" refId="B271" refString="Stolarski, J, 2000. Origin and phylogeny of Guyniidae (Scleractinia) in the light of microstructural data. Lethaia 33: 13 - 38" title="Origin and phylogeny of Guyniidae (Scleractinia) in the light of microstructural data." volume="33" year="2000">(Stolarski 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nonetheless, additional work on the placement of the other species representatives of the family needs to be undertaken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |