treatments-xml/data/9A/40/A6/9A40A63EAAC8482922CC3C4DA4CDD2E3.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.23.1548" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248487" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-23-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CD1B1743FFF1FFDFFFBAE53FFF90A158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574761" ID-ZooBank="7C38189756774BE39091241B3035ABDD" ModsDocID="1314-2607-23-1" checkinTime="1621552465517" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, David R. &amp; Shinohara, Akihiko" docDate="2011" docId="9A40A63EAAC8482922CC3C4DA4CDD2E3" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 23" docPubDate="2011-10-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.23.1548" docTitle="Euxiphydria potanini" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="CD1B1743FFF1FFDFFFBAE53FFF90A158" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="CD1B1743FFF1FFDFFFBAE53FFF90A158" masterDocTitle="Review of the Asian wood-boring genus Euxiphydria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Xiphydriidae)" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1643555228687" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Review of the Asian wood-boring genus Euxiphydria (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Xiphydriidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, David R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>1 Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sawfly2@aol.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Shinohara, Akihiko</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2011-10-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>22</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.23.1548</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.23.1548</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-23-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7C38189756774BE39091241B3035ABDD</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CD1B1743FFF1FFDFFFBAE53FFF90A158</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574761</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248487" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A40A63EAAC8482922CC3C4DA4CDD2E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A40A63EAAC8482922CC3C4DA4CDD2E3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Euxiphydria_potanini" authority="(Jakovlev)" baseAuthorityName="Jakovlev" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euxiphydria potanini" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">Euxiphydria potanini (Jakovlev)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–15" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 15. Euxiphydria potanini 13 Lateral view 14 Thorax, lateral view 15 Thorax, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11320" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–22" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 21 - 22. Euxiphydria potanini, male genitalia 21 Dorsal view 22 Ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11322" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">22</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Potanini">Xiphydria Potanini</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Jakovlev, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B3" refString="Jakovlev, A, 1891. Diagnoses Tenthredinidarum novarum ex Rossia Europaea, Sibiria, Asia Media et confinium. Trudy Russkago Entomologitscheskago Obschtschestva v S. Peterburge 26: 1-62. (Separatum.)." title="Diagnoses Tenthredinidarum novarum ex Rossia Europaea, Sibiria, Asia Media et confinium. Trudy Russkago Entomologitscheskago Obschtschestva v S. Peterburge 26: 1 - 62. (Separatum.)" year="1891">Jakovlev 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 3, 15-16.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">Euxiphydria potanini</taxonomicName>
: Semenov &amp; Gussakovskij, 1935: 117.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">Xiphydria ruficeps</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Mocsary, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 39" refId="B12" refString="Mocsary, A, 1909. Chalastogastra nova in collectione Musei nationalis Hungarici. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 7: 1 - 39" title="Chalastogastra nova in collectione Musei nationalis Hungarici." volume="7" year="1909">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
1909
</bibRefCitation>
: 39. Synonymy by 
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov, A" journalOrPublisher="Russkoje Entomologitscheskoje Obozrenije" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 95" refId="B14" refString="Semenov, A, 1921. [1917] Praecursoriae Siricidarum novorum diagnoses (Hymenoptera). Russkoje Entomologitscheskoje Obozrenije 17: 81 - 95" title="[1917] Praecursoriae Siricidarum novorum diagnoses (Hymenoptera)." volume="17" year="1921">Semenov 1921</bibRefCitation>
: 83.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">Euxiphydria ruficeps</taxonomicName>
: Semenov &amp; Gussakovskij, 1935: 117.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">Xiphydria ruficeps</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Musee Heude, Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B7" refString="Matsumura, S, 1912. Thousand Insects of Japan. Supplement IV. Keiseisha, Tokyo. 247 pp., Tab. XLII-LV." title="Thousand Insects of Japan. Supplement IV. Keiseisha, Tokyo. 247 pp., Tab. XLII-LV." year="1912">Matsumura 1912</bibRefCitation>
: 210, pl. 54, fig. 22. Preoccupied by 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
, 1909. Synonymy by 
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B22" refString="Takeuchi, K, 1936. Tenthredinoidea of Saghalien (Hymenoptera). Tenthredo 1: 53-108. (In Japanese.)." title="Tenthredinoidea of Saghalien (Hymenoptera). Tenthredo 1: 53 - 108. (In Japanese.)" year="1936">Takeuchi 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 54.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akazui">Xiphydria akazui</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B11" refString="Matsumura, S, 1932. Illustrated Common Insects of Japan. Vol. IV. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Rhynchota. Shunyodo, Tokyo. 99 pp. in Japanese, 145 pp. in English, numbered separately, 27 plates." title="Illustrated Common Insects of Japan. Vol. IV. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Rhynchota. Shunyodo, Tokyo. 99 pp. in Japanese, 145 pp. in English, numbered separately, 27 plates." year="1932">Matsumura 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 31, 44, pl. 8, fig. 9. New name for 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Matsumura (see below). Synonymy by 
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B22" refString="Takeuchi, K, 1936. Tenthredinoidea of Saghalien (Hymenoptera). Tenthredo 1: 53-108. (In Japanese.)." title="Tenthredinoidea of Saghalien (Hymenoptera). Tenthredo 1: 53 - 108. (In Japanese.)" year="1936">Takeuchi 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 54.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Maidli">Xiphydria Maidli</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Zirngiebl, L" journalOrPublisher="Embrik Strand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="335 - 350" refId="B34" refString="Zirngiebl, L, 1937. Neue oder wenig bekannte Tenthredinoiden (Hym.) aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien. In Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Professor Dr. Embrik Strand 3: 335 - 350" title="Neue oder wenig bekannte Tenthredinoiden (Hym.) aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien. In Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Professor Dr." volume="3" year="1937">Zirngiebl 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 342. Synonymy by 
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Tenthredo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="173 - 229" refId="B25" refString="Takeuchi, K, 1938. A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (I). Tenthredo 2 (2): 173 - 229" title="A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (I)." volume="2" year="1938">Takeuchi 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 183.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtrifida">Euxiphydria subtrifida</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Maa, TC" journalOrPublisher="Biological Bulletin of Fukien Christian Univeristy" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="33 - 60" refId="B5" refString="Maa, TC, 1944. Novelties of Chinese Hymenoptera Chalastogastra. Biological Bulletin of Fukien Christian Univeristy 4: 33 - 60" title="Novelties of Chinese Hymenoptera Chalastogastra." volume="4" year="1944">Maa 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 33. new synonymy. For other subsequent references, see 
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B17" refString="Smith, DR, 1978. Suborder Symphyta (Xyelidae, Parachexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In van der Vecht J, Shenefelt RD (Eds.) Hymenopterorum Catalogus, pars 14, Dr. W. Junk B.V., The Hague. 193 pp." title="Suborder Symphyta (Xyelidae, Parachexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In van der Vecht J, Shenefelt RD (Eds.) Hymenopterorum Catalogus, pars 14, Dr. W. Junk B. V., The Hague. 193 pp." year="1978">Smith (1978)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Length, 10.0-20.0 mm. Black, head bright orange on genae and vertex behind ocelli (
<bibRefCitation author="Krivolutskaya, GO" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B4" refString="Krivolutskaya, GO, Stroganova, VK, 1966. [The horntail fauna (Hymenoptera, Siricoidea) of the Kuril Islands.], pp. 59-62. In The Entomofauna of the Forests of the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka, and Magadanskaya Oblast. Moscow, Leningrad, 138 pp. (In Russian.)." title="[The horntail fauna (Hymenoptera, Siricoidea) of the Kuril Islands.], pp. 59 - 62. In The Entomofauna of the Forests of the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka, and Magadanskaya Oblast. Moscow, Leningrad, 138 pp. (In Russian.)" year="1966">Figs 16-18</bibRefCitation>
). Wings darkly infuscate, more hyaline apical to stigma (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–20" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 16 - 20. Euxiphydria potanini 16 Dorsal view 17 Head, dorsal view 18 Head, front view 19 Head, lateral view 20 Mouthparts (labial palpi above, maxillary palpi below)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11321" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Frons densely rugose to reticulate, reticulations extending behind ocelli onto anterior part of vertex (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–20" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 16 - 20. Euxiphydria potanini 16 Dorsal view 17 Head, dorsal view 18 Head, front view 19 Head, lateral view 20 Mouthparts (labial palpi above, maxillary palpi below)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11321" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) and onto lower half of genae (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–20" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 16 - 20. Euxiphydria potanini 16 Dorsal view 17 Head, dorsal view 18 Head, front view 19 Head, lateral view 20 Mouthparts (labial palpi above, maxillary palpi below)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11321" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Antenna with 13-16 antennomeres; length of first four antennomeres as 1.0:0.3:0.8:0.4.. Malar space between eye and antennal groove broad, equal to length of groove (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–20" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 16 - 20. Euxiphydria potanini 16 Dorsal view 17 Head, dorsal view 18 Head, front view 19 Head, lateral view 20 Mouthparts (labial palpi above, maxillary palpi below)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11321" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Head from 
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">above</pageBreakToken>
slightly broadened behind eyes, distance behind eyes longer than eye length (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–20" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 16 - 20. Euxiphydria potanini 16 Dorsal view 17 Head, dorsal view 18 Head, front view 19 Head, lateral view 20 Mouthparts (labial palpi above, maxillary palpi below)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11321" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Axilla and mesoscutellum entirely densely, reticulately sculptured (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–15" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 15. Euxiphydria potanini 13 Lateral view 14 Thorax, lateral view 15 Thorax, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11320" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Mesepimeron with short, irregular carinae (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 13–15" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 13 - 15. Euxiphydria potanini 13 Lateral view 14 Thorax, lateral view 15 Thorax, dorsal view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11320" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Hind basitarsomere shorter than length of remaining tarsomeres combined, as 0.7:1.0. Length of sheath slightly shorter than length of basal plate. Male similar to female; genitalia as in 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 21–22" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 21 - 22. Euxiphydria potanini, male genitalia 21 Dorsal view 22 Ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11322" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 21, 22</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11320" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="Figures 13–15" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 13-15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">13</emphasis>
Lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">14</emphasis>
Thorax, lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">15</emphasis>
Thorax,dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11321" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="Figures 16–20" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 16-20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">16</emphasis>
Dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">17</emphasis>
Head, dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">18</emphasis>
Head, front view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">19</emphasis>
Head, lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20</emphasis>
Mouthparts (labial palpi above, maxillary palpi below).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11322" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="Figures 21–22" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 21-22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male genitalia 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">21</emphasis>
Dorsal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">22</emphasis>
Ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Xiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from a single female from &quot;Chinae prov. Gan-ssu.&quot; 
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="117 - 126" refId="B15" refString="Semenov, A, Gussakovskij, VV, 1935. Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 104: 117 - 126" title="Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera)." volume="104" year="1935">Semenov and Gussakovskij (1935)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the type is at the Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<bibRefCitation author="Mocsary, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 39" refId="B12" refString="Mocsary, A, 1909. Chalastogastra nova in collectione Musei nationalis Hungarici. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 7: 1 - 39" title="Chalastogastra nova in collectione Musei nationalis Hungarici." volume="7" year="1909">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
</pageBreakToken>
(1909)
</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from &quot;Sibiria orientalis: Ussuri (Kasakewitsch).&quot; He did not state the number of specimens. Two females labeled as types are in the HNHM. One is labeled &quot;Ussuri, Kasakewitsch, 1907, Korb,&quot; &quot;Typus 1909 Xiphydria ruficeps Mocs.,&quot; &quot;DEI - GISHym 10948&quot; and the other 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ussuri,”">&quot;Ussuri,&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;Typu 
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">s</pageBreakToken>
1909 Xiphydria ruficeps Mocs.,&quot; &quot;DEI - GISHym 10949.&quot; The specimen with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Kasakewitsch”">&quot;Kasakewitsch&quot;</normalizedToken>
on the label is here designated lectotype; the other specimen labeled only 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Ussuri”">&quot;Ussuri&quot;</normalizedToken>
is a paralectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The lectotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Matsumura, described from &quot;Hokkaido (Sapporo)&quot; is at Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. The number of specimens was not given by Matsumura, but the treatment of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matsumra’s">Matsumra's</normalizedToken>
xiphydriid types by 
<bibRefCitation author="Watanabe, C" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="6 - 10" refId="B28" refString="Watanabe, C, 1956. Notes on Xiphydriidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Insecta Matsumurana 20 (1-2): 6 - 10" title="Notes on Xiphydriidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="20" year="1956">Watanabe (1956)</bibRefCitation>
serves as a lectotype designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akazui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria akazui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
first appeared in 
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B11" refString="Matsumura, S, 1932. Illustrated Common Insects of Japan. Vol. IV. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Rhynchota. Shunyodo, Tokyo. 99 pp. in Japanese, 145 pp. in English, numbered separately, 27 plates." title="Illustrated Common Insects of Japan. Vol. IV. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Rhynchota. Shunyodo, Tokyo. 99 pp. in Japanese, 145 pp. in English, numbered separately, 27 plates." year="1932">Matsumura (1932)</bibRefCitation>
wherein Matsumura cited it as &quot;Xiphydria akazui (X. ruficeps Mats.)&quot; in the Japanese section (p. 31), although only &quot;Xiphydria akazui&quot; was given in the English part of the book (p. 44). In the footnote on page 44, Matsumura mentioned &quot;This may be a form of X. ruficeps Mocz [sic].&quot; Matsumura may have recognized that his name 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was preoccupied by 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
, and thus merely proposed a replacement name, 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akazui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria akazui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for his species rather than intending to describe a new species. He did not specifically state that 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akazui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria akazui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a new species or that it was a proposal of a new name, but he follows with a brief description. 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akazui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria akazui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is entered in the catalogs by 
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B17" refString="Smith, DR, 1978. Suborder Symphyta (Xyelidae, Parachexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In van der Vecht J, Shenefelt RD (Eds.) Hymenopterorum Catalogus, pars 14, Dr. W. Junk B.V., The Hague. 193 pp." title="Suborder Symphyta (Xyelidae, Parachexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In van der Vecht J, Shenefelt RD (Eds.) Hymenopterorum Catalogus, pars 14, Dr. W. Junk B. V., The Hague. 193 pp." year="1978">Smith (1978)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Taeger, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 1064" refId="B21" refString="Taeger, A, Blank, SM, Liston, A, 2010. World catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa 2580: 1 - 1064" title="World catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera)." volume="2580" year="2010">Taeger et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
as a new species, not a replacement name. If regarded as a new species, the type specimen of 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akazui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria akazui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, may be the same specimen as the type of 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Matsumura. Indications supporting that 
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B11" refString="Matsumura, S, 1932. Illustrated Common Insects of Japan. Vol. IV. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Rhynchota. Shunyodo, Tokyo. 99 pp. in Japanese, 145 pp. in English, numbered separately, 27 plates." title="Illustrated Common Insects of Japan. Vol. IV. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Rhynchota. Shunyodo, Tokyo. 99 pp. in Japanese, 145 pp. in English, numbered separately, 27 plates." year="1932">Matsumura (1932)</bibRefCitation>
proposed a new name and did not intend 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akazui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria akazui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a new species are that 
<bibRefCitation author="Watanabe, C" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="6 - 10" refId="B28" refString="Watanabe, C, 1956. Notes on Xiphydriidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Insecta Matsumurana 20 (1-2): 6 - 10" title="Notes on Xiphydriidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="20" year="1956">Watanabe (1956)</bibRefCitation>
did not give it in his list of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matsumura’s">Matsumura's</normalizedToken>
type specimens of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1819" class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xiphydriidae</taxonomicName>
. Matsumura always indicated that taxa were new when describing them, and there are no specimens of xiphydriids labeled 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akazui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria akazui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matsumura’s">Matsumura's</normalizedToken>
collection at the University of Hokkaido; there is only one specimen with a red label and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Watanabe’s">Watanabe's</normalizedToken>
identification label of 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ohara, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Xiphydria</pageBreakToken>
maidli
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by 
<bibRefCitation author="Zirngiebl, L" journalOrPublisher="Embrik Strand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="335 - 350" refId="B34" refString="Zirngiebl, L, 1937. Neue oder wenig bekannte Tenthredinoiden (Hym.) aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien. In Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Professor Dr. Embrik Strand 3: 335 - 350" title="Neue oder wenig bekannte Tenthredinoiden (Hym.) aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien. In Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Professor Dr." volume="3" year="1937">Zirngiebl (1937)</bibRefCitation>
from &quot;Ostsibirien (Ajetachka-Krasnaja bei Chabarowska).&quot; The holotype is in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria, and a paratype female from &quot;Japan (Nopporo)&quot; is in the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich, Germany. 
<bibRefCitation author="Blank, SM" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="195 - 219" refId="B1" refString="Blank, SM, 1996. Revision of the sawflies described by Lothar Zirngiebl. (Preliminary studies for a catalogue of Symphyta, part 2) (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Spixiana 19 (2): 195 - 219" title="Revision of the sawflies described by Lothar Zirngiebl. (Preliminary studies for a catalogue of Symphyta, part 2) (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="19" year="1996">Blank (1996)</bibRefCitation>
regarded the two specimens as syntypes and unnecessarily designated a lectotype for this species. S. M. Blank (pers. comm.) pointed out that Zirngiebl stated 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Typ”">&quot;Typ&quot;</normalizedToken>
in the singular for the Siberian specimen, which therefore is the holotype. The other specimen from Japan would be a paratype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
In the introduction to his 1944 paper, Maa stated that the types of species &quot;when not specially mentioned, are deposited in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="author’s">author's</normalizedToken>
collection.&quot; Under type specimens for 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtrifida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Euxiphydria subtrifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, he stated &quot;Mao-Shan, Lungchien Hsien, SW, Chekiang, 3-5.vii.1939 (H. C. Yao), 5 males. Further paratopotypes in the collection of the Provincial Institute for Agricultural Improvement, Sungyang, Chekiang.&quot; A holotype was not designated, and therefore the five males are considered syntypes. We assume they are in the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“author’s">&quot;author's</normalizedToken>
collection,&quot; since he stated that the additional specimens are in Chekiang. This was verified by the junior author, who made note that the syntypes are in the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Wufeng near Taichung (
<bibRefCitation author="Shinohara, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B16" refString="Shinohara, A, 1988. [Collection at the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute.], p. 12. In: Goulet H, Smith DR (Eds.) Symphytos, A Forum on Sawflies and Horntails, No. 4, 40 pp." title="[Collection at the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute.], p. 12. In: Goulet H, Smith DR (Eds.) Symphytos, A Forum on Sawflies and Horntails, No. 4, 40 pp." year="1988">Shinohara 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
CHINA: Heilongjiang and Tibet (
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B32" refString="Xiao, G, Huang, X, Zhou, S, Wu, J, Zhang, P, 1992. Economic Sawfly Fauna of China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). 226 pp. Tianze Eldonejo, Beijing. (In Chinese.)." title="Economic Sawfly Fauna of China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). 226 pp. Tianze Eldonejo, Beijing. (In Chinese.)" year="1992">Xiao et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
); Henan (
<bibRefCitation author="Wei, M" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B31" refString="Wei, M, Niu, G, Zhong, Y, 2008. Hymenoptera: Symphyta in 2003-2006, pp. 167-197. In: The Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects in Henan. Vol. 6. Insects of Baotianman National Nature Reserve. China Agricultual Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (In Chinese with English summary.)." title="Hymenoptera: Symphyta in 2003 - 2006, pp. 167 - 197. In: The Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects in Henan. Vol. 6. Insects of Baotianman National Nature Reserve. China Agricultual Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (In Chinese with English summary.)" year="2008">Wei et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
); Fujian (
<bibRefCitation author="Wei, M" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B29" refString="Wei, M, Nie, H, 2003. Xiphydriidae. - Hymenoptera, pp. 190-192. In: Huang B (Ed.) Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China. Vol. 7, Fuzhou, Fujian Press of Science, Fuzhou. (In Chinese.)." title="Xiphydriidae. - Hymenoptera, pp. 190 - 192. In: Huang B (Ed.) Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China. Vol. 7, Fuzhou, Fujian Press of Science, Fuzhou. (In Chinese.)" year="2003">Wei and Nie 2003</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">subtrifida</emphasis>
); Gansu (type locality, 
<bibRefCitation author="Jakovlev, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B3" refString="Jakovlev, A, 1891. Diagnoses Tenthredinidarum novarum ex Rossia Europaea, Sibiria, Asia Media et confinium. Trudy Russkago Entomologitscheskago Obschtschestva v S. Peterburge 26: 1-62. (Separatum.)." title="Diagnoses Tenthredinidarum novarum ex Rossia Europaea, Sibiria, Asia Media et confinium. Trudy Russkago Entomologitscheskago Obschtschestva v S. Peterburge 26: 1 - 62. (Separatum.)" year="1891">Jakovlev 1891</bibRefCitation>
); Hunan; Jilin (=Kirin); Zhejiang (=Chekiang, 
<bibRefCitation author="Maa, TC" journalOrPublisher="Biological Bulletin of Fukien Christian Univeristy" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="33 - 60" refId="B5" refString="Maa, TC, 1944. Novelties of Chinese Hymenoptera Chalastogastra. Biological Bulletin of Fukien Christian Univeristy 4: 33 - 60" title="Novelties of Chinese Hymenoptera Chalastogastra." volume="4" year="1944">Maa 1944</bibRefCitation>
). JAPAN: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku. NORTH KOREA: Mt. Geumgangsan. RUSSIA: Amur, Primorskii Krai, Sakhalin (
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="117 - 126" refId="B15" refString="Semenov, A, Gussakovskij, VV, 1935. Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 104: 117 - 126" title="Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera)." volume="104" year="1935">Semenov and Gussakovkij 1935</bibRefCitation>
). SOUTH KOREA: Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do (
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="61 - 70" publicationUrl="doi: 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.61" refId="B19" refString="Smith, DR, Tripotin, P, Shinohara, A, 2011. Xiphydriid woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae) of Korea. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 113: 61 - 70, doi: 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.61" title="Xiphydriid woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae) of Korea." url="doi: 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.61" volume="113" year="2011">Smith et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Distributions and additional specific localities covering the countries listed are given in (
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="202 - 206" refId="B8" refString="Matsumura, S, 1927. Summary of the Japanese Xiphydria -species. Insecta Matsumurana 1: 202 - 206" title="Summary of the Japanese Xiphydria - species." volume="1" year="1927">Matsumura (1927</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B9" refString="Matsumura, S, 1930. The Illustrated Thousand Insects Japan. Vol. II (Hymenoptera). Toko-shoin, Tokyo. 178 pp." title="The Illustrated Thousand Insects Japan. Vol. II (Hymenoptera). Toko-shoin, Tokyo. 178 pp." year="1930">1930</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B10" refString="Matsumura, S, 1931. 6000 Illustrated Insects of Japan-Empire. Toko-shoin,Tokyo. 1496 pp. in Japanese, 191 pp. of index in English." title="6000 Illustrated Insects of Japan-Empire. Toko-shoin, Tokyo. 1496 pp. in Japanese, 191 pp. of index in English." year="1931">1931</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumura, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B11" refString="Matsumura, S, 1932. Illustrated Common Insects of Japan. Vol. IV. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Rhynchota. Shunyodo, Tokyo. 99 pp. in Japanese, 145 pp. in English, numbered separately, 27 plates." title="Illustrated Common Insects of Japan. Vol. IV. Hymenoptera, Diptera, Rhynchota. Shunyodo, Tokyo. 99 pp. in Japanese, 145 pp. in English, numbered separately, 27 plates." year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
), 
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="117 - 126" refId="B15" refString="Semenov, A, Gussakovskij, VV, 1935. Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 104: 117 - 126" title="Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera)." volume="104" year="1935">Semenov and Gusakovskij (1935)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="61 - 70" publicationUrl="doi: 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.61" refId="B19" refString="Smith, DR, Tripotin, P, Shinohara, A, 2011. Xiphydriid woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae) of Korea. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 113: 61 - 70, doi: 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.61" title="Xiphydriid woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae) of Korea." url="doi: 10.4289/0013-8797.113.1.61" volume="113" year="2011">Smith et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, (
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B23" refString="Takeuchi, K, 1937a. [Sawflies collected in Shikoku by Mr. I. Okubo.] Akitu 1: 53-62. (In Japanese.)." title="[Sawflies collected in Shikoku by Mr. I. Okubo.] Akitu 1: 53 - 62. (In Japanese.)" year="1937 a">Takeuchi (1937a</bibRefCitation>
, 1937b), (
<bibRefCitation author="Togashi, I" journalOrPublisher="The Life Study (Fukui)" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="103 - 112" refId="B26" refString="Togashi, I, 1973. Tenthredinoidea of Korea collected by Prof. K. Tsuneki in 1941-1943 (Hym.). The Life Study (Fukui) 17 (3-4): 103 - 112" title="Tenthredinoidea of Korea collected by Prof. K. Tsuneki in 1941 - 1943 (Hym.)." volume="17" year="1973">Togashi (1973</bibRefCitation>
, 1974), 
<bibRefCitation author="Watanabe, C" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="6 - 10" refId="B28" refString="Watanabe, C, 1956. Notes on Xiphydriidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Insecta Matsumurana 20 (1-2): 6 - 10" title="Notes on Xiphydriidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="20" year="1956">Watanabe (1956)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Wei, M" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B31" refString="Wei, M, Niu, G, Zhong, Y, 2008. Hymenoptera: Symphyta in 2003-2006, pp. 167-197. In: The Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects in Henan. Vol. 6. Insects of Baotianman National Nature Reserve. China Agricultual Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (In Chinese with English summary.)." title="Hymenoptera: Symphyta in 2003 - 2006, pp. 167 - 197. In: The Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects in Henan. Vol. 6. Insects of Baotianman National Nature Reserve. China Agricultual Science and Technology Press, Beijing. (In Chinese with English summary.)" year="2008">Wei et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B32" refString="Xiao, G, Huang, X, Zhou, S, Wu, J, Zhang, P, 1992. Economic Sawfly Fauna of China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). 226 pp. Tianze Eldonejo, Beijing. (In Chinese.)." title="Economic Sawfly Fauna of China (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). 226 pp. Tianze Eldonejo, Beijing. (In Chinese.)" year="1992">Xiao et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Yano, M" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B33" refString="Yano, M, 1917. [A list of the Japanese Siricidae, with description of a new species, Sirex yasushii.] Collection Essays Y. Nawa. (In Japanese.)." title="[A list of the Japanese Siricidae, with description of a new species, Sirex yasushii.] Collection Essays Y. Nawa. (In Japanese.)" year="1917">Yano (1917)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
CHINA: &quot;Mandchourie, Prov.: Kirin, Kao-lin-tze,&quot; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“20.IV.40”">&quot;20.IV.40&quot;</normalizedToken>
(1 ♀, USNM, det by Maa 1948); &quot;Manchukuo, Koolingtze, 13.7.40, Alin&quot; (MNHU); Hunan, Mt. Yunshan, 1200 m, nr. Wugang, 4.V.2009, A. Shinohara (1 ♀, 5 ♂, NSMT, USNM), same except 10.V.2009 (4 ♂, NSMT), same except 5.V.2009 (1 ♂, NSMT). JAPAN: Ikutawara, Engaru, Hokkaido, 28. VII. 1981, T. Kinoshita (2 ♀, NSMT); same except 30. VII. 1982 (4 ♀, NSMT, USNM); Akkeshi, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 19. VII. 2002, A. Shinohara (1 ♀, NSMT); Horoka, Tokachi, Hokkaido, 25, VII. 1974, A. Watanabe (1 ♀, NSMT); Horoka-Mitsumata, Tokachi, Hokkaido, 20-21, VI. 1998, H. Hara (1 ♀, NSMT); Sounkyo, Kamikawa, Hokkaido, 18. VII. 1971, A. Shinohara (1 ♀, NSMT); same locality, 2. VII. 1984, R. Kano (1 ♀, NSMT); Arashiyama, Asahigawa, Hokkaido, 26. VII. 1987, H. Matsuura (1 ♀, NSMT); Ichinosawa, nr. Jozankei, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 26. VI. 1984, A. Shinohara (1 ♀, NSMT); Meguro-Chattsunai, Erimo, Hidaka, Hokkaido, 28. VII. 1984, M. Tomokuni (1 ♀, NSMT); Tashiro, Miyako, Iwate Pref., 15. VI. 1986, K. Emoto (1 ♀, NSMT); Akane-rindo, Yokote, Haranomachi, Fukushima Pref., 6. VI. 1980, T. Shimomura (1 ♀, NSMT); same locality, 8. VI. 1980, S. Tsuyuki (1 ♀, NSMT); same locality, 24. VI. 1984, S. Ohmomo (1 ♀, NSMT); Hodosan, Nagatoro, Saitama Pref., 18. VI. 
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">1994</pageBreakToken>
, K, Emoto (1 ♀, NSMT); Kamiange, Mt. Jinbayama, Tokyo Met., 7. V. 1998, A. Shinohara (1 ♀, NSMT); Hikagezawa, Mt. Takaosan, Tokyo Met., 20. V. 1990, S. Ueno (1 ♀, NSMT); Nippara, Okutama, Tokyo Met., 24. V. 1964, T. Nakamura (1 ♀, NSMT); Aikawamachi, Kanagawa Pref., 16. VI. 1984, T. Kinoshita (2 ♀, NSMT); Miyagase, Sagami, Kanagawa Pref., 28.V. 1955, S. Asahina (1 ♀, NSMT); Mt. Daibosatsu, Yamanashi Pref., 27. VI. 1976, K. Mizuno (1 ♀, NSMT); Koganezawa, Otsuki, Yamanashi Pref., 26. V. 1974, K. Kimura (2 ♀, NSMT); Doisokoiso-Mitsuzawa, Shimobe, Minobumachi, Yamanashi Pref., 8. VI. 2005, S. Tsuyuki (1 ♀, NSMT); Azusayama, Kawakami, Nagano Pref., 5. VII. 1980, Y. Kurosawa (1 ♀, NSMT); Omi, Ohara, Sakyoku, Kyoto Pref., 16. VI. 1984, W. Suzuki (2 ♀, NSMT); &quot;Aidake, Torigoe-Mura, Ishikawa Pref., 27.V.1973, I. Togashi (1 ♀, USNM, det by Togashi, 1974); &quot;105, Col. Kumamoto, Ibukisan (Shiga), 22.VI.1980 (1 ♂, SDEI). NORTH KOREA: Mt. Kongo, [= Mt. Geumgangsan,], Chosen, July 28, 1924, Coll. Y. Kurisue (1 ♀, NSMT). RUSSIA: Ussuri, Kasakewitsch (types of 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, HNHM); Szahalin, Csehovo-hegy, Z. Szklon, 15.VI.1995, Ermolenko (1 ♀, HNHM). SOUTH KOREA: Gyeonggi-do, Hakwanggyo-dong, Suwon, 8.VI.2009, A. Shinohara (1 ♀, NSMT); Gangwon-do, Odaesan, Pyeongchang-gun, Yeonggam-sa, alt. 800 m, 9.VI.2003, P. Tripotin (1♀, PT); Gangwon-do, Samcheok-si, Hegang-myeon, Gajeon-ri, N. 37 22', E128 33', 6 Malaise traps, 5-18-VI-2007, Tripotin rec. (1 ♀, PT).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Host.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Aceraceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="mono">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Acer mono</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maxim. (
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Aceraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aceraceae</taxonomicName>
) is the only recorded host for this species (Krivolutskaya &amp; Stroganova 1966, 
<bibRefCitation author="Stroganova, VK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B20" refString="Stroganova, VK, 1968. [Horntails of Siberia.]. Nauka, Moscow. 147 pp. (In Russian.)." title="[Horntails of Siberia.]. Nauka, Moscow. 147 pp. (In Russian.)" year="1968">Stroganova 1968</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Although we do not have access to types of all species, we have examined a good number of specimens and can now give a better idea of variation and distribution of this species in Asia.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Two described species were placed in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="117 - 126" refId="B15" refString="Semenov, A, Gussakovskij, VV, 1935. Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 104: 117 - 126" title="Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera)." volume="104" year="1935">Semenov and Gussakovskij (1935)</bibRefCitation>
when they described the genus, 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, known from a single specimen, and 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
recorded from the eastern coast of Russia (Ussuri and Vladivostok areas, Sakhalin), Japan, and China (Kirin, Manchuria). The two were kept separate by their size (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
10 mm and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
12-17 mm), different number of antennomeres (13 in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 14 in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), shape of the radial cell in the forewing (more narrowly rounded in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), position of crossvein 1m-cu in the forewing (interstitial with 2r-m in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, meeting M apical to 2r-m in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), length vs. width of cell 1CU in the forewing (longer in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), wing color (less infuscated in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and mesopleural sculpturation (denser in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation author="Gussakovskij, VV" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B2" refString="Gussakovskij, VV, 1935. Insectes Hymenopteres, Chalastogastra 1. Fauna SSSR, Moskva, Leningrad 2(1). 453 pp." title="Insectes Hymenopteres, Chalastogastra 1. Fauna SSSR, Moskva, Leningrad 2 (1). 453 pp." year="1935">Gussakovskij (1935)</bibRefCitation>
retained these characters, separating the same two species. 
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Tenthredo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="173 - 229" refId="B25" refString="Takeuchi, K, 1938. A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (I). Tenthredo 2 (2): 173 - 229" title="A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (I)." volume="2" year="1938">Takeuchi (1938)</bibRefCitation>
considered these characters variable and considered 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Matsumura, 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akazui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xiphydria akazui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Xiphydria maidli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as a new synonym) synonymous. 
<bibRefCitation author="Maa, TC" journalOrPublisher="Biological Bulletin of Fukien Christian Univeristy" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="33 - 60" refId="B5" refString="Maa, TC, 1944. Novelties of Chinese Hymenoptera Chalastogastra. Biological Bulletin of Fukien Christian Univeristy 4: 33 - 60" title="Novelties of Chinese Hymenoptera Chalastogastra." volume="4" year="1944">Maa (1944)</bibRefCitation>
, however, retained 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as distinct species and added another, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtrifida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria subtrifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 1949, Maa, being quite cautious, kept 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtrifida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria subtrifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria maidli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as separate species, even though he pointed out the variability of the characters used to separate them. He regarded it essential to see more material to resolve their systematic status. 
<bibRefCitation author="Watanabe, C" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="6 - 10" refId="B28" refString="Watanabe, C, 1956. Notes on Xiphydriidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Insecta Matsumurana 20 (1-2): 6 - 10" title="Notes on Xiphydriidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="20" year="1956">Watanabe (1956)</bibRefCitation>
also treated 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Euxiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mocsáry">Mocsary</normalizedToken>
as separate species; 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">Euxiphydria</pageBreakToken>
potanini
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China and Hokkaido (a new record), and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Euxiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Japan, Siberia, Manchuria, and Sakhalin. Subsequently, 
<bibRefCitation author="Stroganova, VK" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B20" refString="Stroganova, VK, 1968. [Horntails of Siberia.]. Nauka, Moscow. 147 pp. (In Russian.)." title="[Horntails of Siberia.]. Nauka, Moscow. 147 pp. (In Russian.)" year="1968">Stroganova (1968)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B17" refString="Smith, DR, 1978. Suborder Symphyta (Xyelidae, Parachexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In van der Vecht J, Shenefelt RD (Eds.) Hymenopterorum Catalogus, pars 14, Dr. W. Junk B.V., The Hague. 193 pp." title="Suborder Symphyta (Xyelidae, Parachexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In van der Vecht J, Shenefelt RD (Eds.) Hymenopterorum Catalogus, pars 14, Dr. W. Junk B. V., The Hague. 193 pp." year="1978">Smith (1978)</bibRefCitation>
and Taeger et al (2010) have considered all as a single, variable species, accepting 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Takeuchi’s">Takeuchi's</normalizedToken>
(1938) classification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
We have not examined the holotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jakovlev. Based on the description (
<bibRefCitation author="Jakovlev, A" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="B3" refString="Jakovlev, A, 1891. Diagnoses Tenthredinidarum novarum ex Rossia Europaea, Sibiria, Asia Media et confinium. Trudy Russkago Entomologitscheskago Obschtschestva v S. Peterburge 26: 1-62. (Separatum.)." title="Diagnoses Tenthredinidarum novarum ex Rossia Europaea, Sibiria, Asia Media et confinium. Trudy Russkago Entomologitscheskago Obschtschestva v S. Peterburge 26: 1 - 62. (Separatum.)" year="1891">Jakovlev 1891</bibRefCitation>
), especially the black and red color of the head and black legs, it cannot be the other species treated here. The description is sufficient to place 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the widespread species treated here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
We conclude that all species listed in the synonymy are conspecific and that characters previously used to separate them are variable, agreeing with 
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Tenthredo" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="173 - 229" refId="B25" refString="Takeuchi, K, 1938. A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (I). Tenthredo 2 (2): 173 - 229" title="A systematic study on the suborder Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of the Japanese Empire (I)." volume="2" year="1938">Takeuchi (1938)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maa’s">Maa's</normalizedToken>
(1949) study of variation. Size does not mean much in xiphydriids where the same species can vary considerably in length. We have checked about 48 females and males, and they are 10-20 mm long. Number of antennomeres in multiarticulated species can vary. Of 30 specimens, 56 antennae were intact, and they have 13 antennomeres (13 antennae), 14 (34), 15 (7), and 16 (2). Of the 26 specimens with both antennae intact, five specimens have different number of antennomeres (13 and 14 in all cases) on each antenna. 
<bibRefCitation author="Watanabe, C" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="6 - 10" refId="B28" refString="Watanabe, C, 1956. Notes on Xiphydriidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Insecta Matsumurana 20 (1-2): 6 - 10" title="Notes on Xiphydriidae of Japan (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)." volume="20" year="1956">Watanabe (1956)</bibRefCitation>
also noted that number of antennomeres can vary from 13-15. The wing color and sculpture of the mesopleuron can vary slightly, the latter sometimes slightly denser in smaller individuals. Wing venation can vary in xiphydriids, as pointed out by 
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="15 - 95" refId="B18" refString="Smith, DR, 2008. Xiphydriidae of the Philippines, insular Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Fiji (Hymenoptera). Beitraege zur Entomologie 58: 15 - 95" title="Xiphydriidae of the Philippines, insular Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Fiji (Hymenoptera)." volume="58" year="2008">Smith (2008)</bibRefCitation>
, and shapes of the cells as pointed out by 
<bibRefCitation author="Semenov, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="117 - 126" refId="B15" refString="Semenov, A, Gussakovskij, VV, 1935. Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 104: 117 - 126" title="Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera)." volume="104" year="1935">Semenov and Gussakovskij (1935)</bibRefCitation>
are rather vague.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Matsumura’s">Matsumura's</normalizedToken>
species, 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akazui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xiphydria akazui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
if not considered a replacement name), is with little doubt synonymous with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The descriptions are brief, but compare well with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the specimens are from Hokkaido and Honshu where nothing else can be confused with 
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Xiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation author="Zirngiebl, L" journalOrPublisher="Embrik Strand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="335 - 350" refId="B34" refString="Zirngiebl, L, 1937. Neue oder wenig bekannte Tenthredinoiden (Hym.) aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien. In Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Professor Dr. Embrik Strand 3: 335 - 350" title="Neue oder wenig bekannte Tenthredinoiden (Hym.) aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien. In Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstage von Professor Dr." volume="3" year="1937">Zirngiebl (1937)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Euxiphydria maidli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from eastern Siberia. There is nothing in this area that can be confused with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zirngiebl’s">Zirngiebl's</normalizedToken>
description agrees with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and comparison with images of the paratype (S. Schmidt, pers. comm.) confirmed its synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtrifida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Euxiphydria subtrifida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from males from Chekiang, China. Even 
<bibRefCitation author="Maa, TC" journalOrPublisher="Musee Heude, Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="11 - 186" refId="B6" refString="Maa, TC, 1949. A synopsis of Asiatic Siricoidea with notes on certain exotic and fossil forms (Hymenoptera Symphyta). Musee Heude, Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise 8: 11 - 186" title="A synopsis of Asiatic Siricoidea with notes on certain exotic and fossil forms (Hymenoptera Symphyta)." volume="8" year="1949">Maa (1949)</bibRefCitation>
had reservations about its validity, stating that it was probably inseparable from 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficeps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Euxiphydria ruficeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Males we have seen of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from China agree with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Maa’s">Maa's</normalizedToken>
description, and we therefore propose its synonymy under 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Euxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potanini">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Euxiphydria potanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>