269 lines
35 KiB
XML
269 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="0A299CDFF58DB5368160E1C9713A617E" ID-CLB-Dataset="33547" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3234" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b6521187-a030-4b18-8f9d-f35084c9336a" ID-PMC="PMC3487634" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-221-31" ID-PubMed="23129980" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-221-31" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 221" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the Megachile subgenus Litomegachile Mitchell with an illustrated key and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachilini)" checkinTime="1451248746570" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bzdyk, Emily L." docDate="2012" docId="990D3256334A3B21589AFAC88936C92F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 221: 31-61" docOrigin="ZooKeys 221" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3234" docTitle="Megachile (Litomegachile) mendica Cresson 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="CB68FFB2082C476FFFF5FFD7FFFB0B6B" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Megachile subgenus Litomegachile Mitchell with an illustrated key and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachilini)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1732746978886" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9E0A1E56A2FB6AFB264FA491C7DFB227">
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<mods:title id="EC3DD3F5771100913082B74B9FD8D252">A revision of the Megachile subgenus Litomegachile Mitchell with an illustrated key and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Megachilini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="842A6C5A38C1D0B32ECB70DB6375B132" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E08A8EC8856496332E125370E22E9FF5">Bzdyk, Emily L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A885C02642DD6ECBCBA47EA70A02C1A0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1F3E4142E31478C160C8FB034C43EE76">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3CB07AC4B77F6A54961F9D6196C46D70">
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<mods:date id="22330F5B2EA326A404115D4D903AEF65">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FC14DE8E42F9A59C455146CB2B3E95A2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="876B3A5ED6BC4CACD94F8F2214BEC5CF">221</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C7DAF6500C3C839F0CBDFACBBCD6CB63">31</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="862E350253CAB191EFA6AB6BCEBADCDE">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3234</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="30A0366EFD848C7AF179E39966A6E472">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="616BCDCC81C43BE9D4ED9EAE159F54E3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.221.3234</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D16D9800BDE8B6EA652B6FF3A7C9122A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-221-31</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="990D3256334A3B21589AFAC88936C92F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037026" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:990D3256334A3B21589AFAC88936C92F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/990D3256334A3B21589AFAC88936C92F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" scope_family="Megachilidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_tribe="Megachilini">
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<subSubSection id="8FF162AEC6A0550EF4660E6B3A740F2E" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="422DB7B058DE573694DD52AB34DDCEB8" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="80DCC0AE2D0D1F4EBDFBA356DD647CE6" ID-CoL="3YRYH" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Megachile_mendica" authority="Cresson, 1878" authorityName="Cresson" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile (Litomegachile) mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica" subGenus="Litomegachile">Megachile (Litomegachile) mendica Cresson, 1878</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BFBCD2B8B968770D2DBA4C3F65CEAC53" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="41885E121997ABCD29D4B54B55C14371" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="81A54A2406BAC877B2E2267B7BC16BAD" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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Cresson, 1878: 126 Holotype female, USA: California (ANSP).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="758566738D7FE5CD0C5D973A795BA558" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="53825D1C5E5380E64FFC7771576BB1F8" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B327CE09E6F085A9AFD93127C528C1D7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="12" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="9269DA342C2536A2C80188AD69DF5559" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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closely resembles
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<taxonomicName id="64E04C04D8C4EF27C487A8665E616F2F" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile gentilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gentilis">Megachile gentilis</taxonomicName>
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. The females can be distinguished by difference in the T6 structure and pubescence color, and scopa color. Female
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<taxonomicName id="91E6C9B736D4FCD46100E51C232CF460" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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have a very straight T6 in profile, and slightly concave laterally in
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<pageBreakToken id="06B1BEE907E90D59067587E9A83C571C" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" start="start">dorsal</pageBreakToken>
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view. The appressed pubescence on T6 is brownish in color. The scopa is yellowish, distinguishing it from other
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<taxonomicName id="C164EA2471BBED9E8CCC2ABF3BA1E96B" genus="Litomegachile" lsidName="Litomegachile" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">Litomegachile</taxonomicName>
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females which have a pale ivory colored scopa. An exception is
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<taxonomicName id="7A0DBB8E73E9973964A5747373B774B0" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile pankus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pankus">Megachile pankus</taxonomicName>
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, which also has a yellow scopa, but it can be separated by its concave T6 in contrast with the straight T6 of
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<taxonomicName id="CE9BF1A59BF6C9392EA6416D6A1DF2FA" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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. The male
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<taxonomicName id="96C82110EC75A945053F85DBDC5F872F" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="44F614882C6D2A0DFDE4768807511109" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile gentilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gentilis">Megachile gentilis</taxonomicName>
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by the distance between punctures on T6.
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<taxonomicName id="790031CF13F03415A6B6C53C5220F9E7" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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punctures occur roughly 0.25-0.5 the width of a puncture apart so that you can see the shiny discal surface in between (Figure 6D) Male
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<taxonomicName id="2A0150BE0AE1CDCB85A1FDB81E12176E" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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also lack the apical fringe of white hair on T2. Males of other species of
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<taxonomicName id="0C08B1686EF7BFF8DDF2503A5007C10A" genus="Litomegachile" lsidName="Litomegachile" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">Litomegachile</taxonomicName>
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have a complete apical fringe of white hair on T2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="16CDFE4F95ED7385415F56A6689E7530" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Female. Body length11-13 mm. Mandible 4-toothed, with surface between teeth 3 and 4 angulate (Figure 4B). T2-4 with shallow transverse basal grooves. T1-5 with apical fringes of white hair that covers marginal zone; T1-2 with medially interrupted fringes of white hair. T1 with white discal pubescence; T2-5 with black discal pubescence. T6 straight in profile and slightly concave laterally in dorsal view; with brown appressed pubescence, without erect setae. S1-5 and 6 with yellow setae, S6 with black setae apically (Figure 5D).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="524E87AE00EC058EB17EA1324016AB89" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Male. Body length 8-10 mm. Mandible 3-toothed. Ocellocular distance less than ocelloccipital distance (Figure 4C) Head with white pubescence, vertex with black pubescence. Mesosoma with white pubescence, scutum with black pubescence. T1-2 pubescence white; T3-5 white pubescence basally, black pubescence apically. T2 without thin apical fringe of white hair (Figure 6K). T5 without complete white hair fringe that covers marginal zone; may have some hair laterally. T6 punctures separated; shiny discal surface visible between; with tomentum; transverse carina with a distinct medial notch (Figure 6D); true apical margin with median teeth closer to each other than to lateral teeth, or distances equal (Figure 6A). Genitalia and hidden sterna shown in Figures 7E1-E4.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4E6324D8761DCECE56B817B4BAE6B0E1" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="EA4968A7F580DB5F11AC7C7B0C03A9EF" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Distribution of material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="51221604BDEB0FCC6C059DBC59DD19F7" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
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USA: Arkansas: Pulaski County (Sep.); Delaware: New Castle County; Florida:Alachua and Monroe Counties (Jul.-Aug.); Georgia: Liberty County (Jun.); Illinois: Cook County (Aug.); Kansas: Douglas County (Aug.); Kentucky: Wayne County (Jul.); Maryland: Anne Arundel and Montgomery Counties (Jul.-Sep.); Missouri: Lapeer County(Jul); Mississippi: Oktibbeha County (Jun.); North Carolina: Pender County (Sep.); New Jersey: Atlantic and Burlington Counties (May.-Aug.); New York: Kings and Westchester Counties(Aug.); Oklahoma: Marshall County (Apr.); South Carolina: Chesterfield County (Sep.); Texas: Maverick County (May); Virginia: Clarke, Loudoun, Page and Shenandoah
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<taxonomicName id="50630182D73EF878ADC5029BDB0C8A37" genus="Counties" lsidName="Counties" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" rank="genus">Counties</taxonomicName>
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(Jul.); West Virginia: Hampshire County (Jul.); Washington D.C. (Jun.-Oct.); 25 females, 42 males.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6D37CD07D6D280591C0620C1BFBB2F2C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" type="ecology">
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<paragraph id="5DDE2A93D3130C05A62D67857CB9A8AA" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CBF99314BB54B6198691ADB24D4C39CF" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="13" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="84C79E4E88D8A9EA9B94CED200AB15B9" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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seems to be flexible in its choice of nesting sites across different habitats. When it nests in trap nests, it prefers a cavity diameter of around 8 mm, which is also preferred by
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<taxonomicName id="7C5E68DCFE06D9957E38851F68399E24" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile brevis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevis">Megachile brevis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="48D6B53EE8DF8C5B9B1ACCF9FB65B0D1" author="Baker, JR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="290 - 313" title="Nests and immature stages of leafcutter bees (Hymenoptera: Megachile)." volume="58" year="1985">Baker et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
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). In Texas,
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<taxonomicName id="FA60B5041D988255D2F35EF6865060BF" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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was found to nest in sandy soil, and like
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<taxonomicName id="755EA7039E79AA7A677B0D89F814B83F" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile texana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="texana">Megachile texana</taxonomicName>
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, it will also excavate burrows in the soil (
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<bibRefCitation id="B366B7A4A5E1A7FB39CD1338A5D160D9" author="Williams, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="588 - 597" title="Nesting behavior, nest architecture, and use of Dufour's gland lipids in nest provisioning by Megachile integra and M. mendica mendica (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)." volume="59" year="1986">Williams et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="9039D0478784A3EF9F3A9E68975C4E02" author="Krombein, KV" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Press, Washington DC" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" title="Trap-nesting wasps and bees: life histories, nests and associates." url="10.5962/bhl.title.46295" year="1967">Krombein (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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reared
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<taxonomicName id="07B242BA9DE5285A518D27BAB2B5C7AC" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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from wooden block traps placed on limbs of pine oak and hickory. Generation number and times
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<pageBreakToken id="09A97DBEB8F201813FCA6006DB1F71A7" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" start="start">differed</pageBreakToken>
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based on the locality (
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<bibRefCitation id="48C637AAC2E66295445BC2D958FA2CD1" author="Krombein, KV" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Press, Washington DC" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" title="Trap-nesting wasps and bees: life histories, nests and associates." url="10.5962/bhl.title.46295" year="1967">Krombein 1967</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="A94CBC1A9053CAB205B71A9B1F49EF24" author="Medler, JT" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="113 - 116" title="A note on Megachile mendica Cresson in trap nests in Wisconsin (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)." volume="67" year="1965">Medler (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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reared
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<taxonomicName id="34D449B61067673486748337C3EEEF92" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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at 21 degrees Celsius and found that they went from egg to mature larva in one week, spun a cocoon in one day, and took about 3 weeks for pupal development and adult emergence. An
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<taxonomicName id="B800AD0B5260F05829D4B8623F9AC2B3" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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larva was illustrated and described by
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<bibRefCitation id="6F218578153A3D4031C9BC74CA74454C" author="Baker, JR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="290 - 313" title="Nests and immature stages of leafcutter bees (Hymenoptera: Megachile)." volume="58" year="1985">Baker et al. (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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. In addition to
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<taxonomicName id="66D0E132D6880C37FB6024D16A6F71A8" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Coelioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coelioxys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coelioxys</taxonomicName>
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sp. and
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<taxonomicName id="75771D59958ABC5E7EB198E908557CC4" class="Insecta" family="Leucospidae" genus="Leucospis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucospis affinis subsp. affinis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="affinis">Leucospis affinis affinis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="F2DA3722BF73F59BD73250D1208CD850" class="Insecta" family="Leucospidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leucospidae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="9286FB12F9E27BE8D98FA0626485F684" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
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nests are known to be parasitized by the flies
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<taxonomicName id="063FBF55C091AAF1FBE5DBFCE1E8ECC8" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Anthrax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthrax irroratus subsp. irroratus" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="irroratus" subSpecies="irroratus">Anthrax irroratus irroratus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4D57961F0B395707157F23D4846D5232" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bombyliidae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="D607252970A61064BAFFE2D60773F6D7" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megaselia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megaselia</taxonomicName>
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sp.(
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<taxonomicName id="D5AF8F3C7BFF05CC3BFD0E1EAC3A50ED" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phoridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7D101CD7294C0375871C720549E4BCC8" author="Baker, JR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" pagination="290 - 313" title="Nests and immature stages of leafcutter bees (Hymenoptera: Megachile)." volume="58" year="1985">Baker et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ED7C90E0BE204B4D798F99BE8C1FECA4" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="flower records">
|
|
<paragraph id="13F45672738643935F181E8D75832546" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Flower records.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CF40F4B6A61538BCA7726B8C7AA72472" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="05F575DA8144AFB8163B4309CAEECE34" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorpha fruticosa" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Amorpha fruticosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9178AE155AE90581F24292759BFBFDFA" genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="22E88FBD33EF5904F95E61E68CE81887" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aster paniculatus" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculatus">Aster paniculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8709F97D1345FC581DA4EC3376293BBA" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EE1BAB8D2FF4EA52511D2C9C3B232922" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Balduina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Balduina" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Balduina</taxonomicName>
|
|
angustifolia (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1CA851101F7BFD65E4EF6F0B7277486E" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AA45CA797D4CE4D840F7AFE7FA065EAD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bidens alba" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Bidens alba</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B346260BC08F1553F8D9D880CBA3D763" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A26AF36B350831BC83812505A77CBC71" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Calamintha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calamintha ashei" order="Lamiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ashei">Calamintha ashei</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F776DF434C40A96B1A1E41176934B9D4" genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FC9C3FFBBD888B0838AE7EB1CB8CA32" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Centaurea jacea" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacea">Centaurea jacea</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="35DD9C9A1E13B8AFD12B150527BF6944" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FCC5067E09982B8E524812821D066909" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Cephalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cephalanthus occidentalis" order="Gentianales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Cephalanthus occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2C963F7DD55FB1F642CBF1F60E37C6D8" genus="Rubiaceae" lsidName="Rubiaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="04CECCD87DDB76EEFA813CE1718F1D3D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysanthemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chrysanthemum leucanthemum" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucanthemum">Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9A1385E60525F02A1CAE9BAF02F8FB0" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D14B909DC16FC7C4B0B6E286B2274D1D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pityopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pityopsis graminifolia" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="graminifolia">Pityopsis graminifolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C648992A53FF649DBDA5AA0AFD2D0641" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7387D7F834EE35F6604CEC8F3B14F4DB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Conoclinium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conoclinium coelestinum" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coelestinum">Conoclinium coelestinum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4F8FECC81169D7B22E34093ABCEC50B1" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BB97DFAA6C43A3FA15B4E0F8CFDB4F66" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatoriadelphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eupatoriadelphus maculatus" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maculatus">Eupatoriadelphus maculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6B975392378767669C5177FAF8AB0C2D" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2C45CA023739A36DC59B36CF6B08F444" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Flaveria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Flaveria linearis" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">Flaveria linearis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6C0E64CAE2559C35A780D8081175954A" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2BFDD2D8B6FEAEAEF10D4F75BAF7EA6A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helenium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helenium amarum" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amarum">Helenium amarum</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3D97551C36DBAC08E8A237F3436D8555" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F2B2088600B33779A6A494D1CBA23018" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helianthus divaricatus" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatus">Helianthus divaricatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A433E210BC3563549195F3CB5613E4B8" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4CD09E4CCF50A7E60AF3C905D6637B4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helianthus tuberosus" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosus">Helianthus tuberosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F4AC828B01A0A32D29E3BAE63995924B" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8B144940B4638800405E305B68D1D9A2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Lavandula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lavandula dentata" order="Lamiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">Lavandula dentata</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CAFD5C441184F468E86DFA8F11135FB3" genus="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Lamiaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="97945459792E316A25EB9B114F693B1D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Medicago sativa" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">Medicago sativa</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3DC07E41317AAFAF2A112DCA29EE62B9" genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E78DA15ADD9F0BEC25C49B05397B2A14" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Melilotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melilotus alba" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">Melilotus alba</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0E95E04E6F5D3A9D85569206600DFBA9" genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="925960D187A05813DAB7993420DC6E03" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Parthenocissus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parthenocissus quinquefolia" order="Vitales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quinquefolia">Parthenocissus quinquefolia</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="578DA77B7B4DD9D9FB1AC0DC6F2A10A4" genus="Vitaceae" lsidName="Vitaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9559D4AC714B1E661516C58108BD8DCB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phaseolus" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phaseolus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="35922F924EBC982EC433AEC7B11CFE03" genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ECDEAC32666E10FC66EA37ECE26F8A90" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Psoralea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psoralea floribunda" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda">Psoralea floribunda</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EFD55994207AC2A83C218EDDC920BBA9" genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6A11E4FB0F1B421A0D1536D29F2D0F8D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Polygonum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polygonum hydropiperoides" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hydropiperoides">Polygonum hydropiperoides</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1C339F3225BB79A968B61B8DBC25B763" genus="Polygonaceae" lsidName="Polygonaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Polygonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C5DFB0EE072D2FC9B5802220EEE996F6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Rhus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhus glabra" order="Sapindales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">Rhus glabra</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="40A66B45A023D70A9EBEC453F612E43F" genus="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Anacardiaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="70E6E13882D3A473A24683932C1503C9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rubus" order="Rosales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rubus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="71A5374DB8D2292DC3A94079BC157EE5" genus="Rosaceae" lsidName="Rosaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A0575646001FEC7EA9D8C3EDF46B30B1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Silybum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silybum" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Silybum</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D9AEDE4A869C31EAC3906CB8BE706F5" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="17E8F4C28586E0E094310532EEBAF3D7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solidago serotina" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serotina">Solidago serotina</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B53F1240AC1AE1A918262A54E81DED5D" genus="Asteraceae" lsidName="Asteraceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="30B99F88ED7646C154F4A1E43DAC17C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tephrosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tephrosia virginiana" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Tephrosia virginiana</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21152CA447AC2575CACF1C16116D77B5" genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9D40B6A6BED6040FA2A1D1351F94C939" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia floridana" order="Fabales" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floridana">Vicia floridana</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="73C4FBE4548B221F40DCD1C82CF85899" genus="Fabaceae" lsidName="Fabaceae" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" rank="genus">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6A349B4F1295A91A6AB8F04C3B38FA01" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" type="comments">
|
|
<paragraph id="6989EBD65DCC825182EFD18A57997D01" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">Comments.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BC73B8DD0633CF30A2E6F076199738D8" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C4A050D1C93C40E0954CA2A626288E9F" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
|
|
is distributed across North America south to Zacatecas, Mexico, though it was considered more of an eastern species by Mitchell (1934) (Figure 12).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="CBF292C43B4BCC32F72D6A634CB67E3C" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
|
|
<paragraph id="D6AFE8264D6776E4047E234312C9AB35" pageId="14" pageNumber="45">
|
|
Figure 12. Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9BA1578FE41E3B34D512D662C36A6E4A" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megachile mendica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendica">Megachile mendica</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |