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<mods:title id="67C5B7F0D4CC628777B2B02EAAFD8900">A molecular and conchological dissection of the &quot; scaly &quot; Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F6DB32D3649C7FB4F7699FD40E019B92">Khalik, Mohd Zacaery</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB268122B8CF8CC5B8BA9C995F1C79D0">Vermeulen, Jaap J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="97C7B2D5E3E9ECAA887417F70428D806" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146053685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:97C7B2D5E3E9ECAA887417F70428D806" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/97C7B2D5E3E9ECAA887417F70428D806" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph id="E61C3A9315F73439D9D425629214D165" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0A565C51C5B4DB9303C135381F784E88" ID-CoL="3FRXJ" authority="Gredler, 1902" authorityName="Gredler" authorityYear="1902" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrocenidae" genus="Georissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Georissa kobelti" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kobelti">Georissa kobelti Gredler, 1902</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="96E02255D505D4042D94B5A481DF329A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="329F4594507FDBB24669CAFD0D981E9A" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrocenidae" genus="Georissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Georissa kobelti" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kobelti">Georissa kobelti</taxonomicName>
Gredler, 1902: 61;
<bibRefCitation id="6304F8BDB4370AF1ABE0486ABE518B2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zilch 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 265, fig. 11;
<bibRefCitation id="495677FD9B8FC95A581516A9062329C9" author="Thompson, FG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 152" title="Non-marine mollusks of Borneo. II Pulmonata: Pupillidae, Clausiliidae. III Prosobranchia: Hydrocenidae, Helicinidae." url="https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/files/2114/7180/1931/Vol-29-No-3.PDF" volume="29" year="1983">Thompson and Dance 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 117, fig. 28, 50-52.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E259579C5168029EC92FA05CEFBB400C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BD3EA21CF195AA665D1A18E4B2058402" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrocenidae" genus="Georissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Georissa hosei" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hosei">Georissa hosei</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen:
<bibRefCitation id="D9FAB3915F3C91C9AFA3A896701DCA61" author="Thompson, FG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 152" title="Non-marine mollusks of Borneo. II Pulmonata: Pupillidae, Clausiliidae. III Prosobranchia: Hydrocenidae, Helicinidae." url="https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/files/2114/7180/1931/Vol-29-No-3.PDF" volume="29" year="1983">Thompson and Dance 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 117, fig. 47-49, material from Bukit Besungai at Baram Valley, Niah, Kejin trib. of Baram river (non
<taxonomicName id="6E1B12FA293FC5BFD23799D4C9D044C5" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. hosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hosei">G. hosei</taxonomicName>
Goodwin-Austen, 1889).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="23B2B836C6ACDFE085580DF29910EC10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="A18C905B10A12220274CB84048D41B37" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D30EBD09C3BBEB6E00E2CBD906EAAA1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Niah, Baram (Sarawak, Borneo). Unspecified.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="59B2219A4FC38A6E7EC237BB30479F3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="34929BBF27D91140B4BA39E495808335" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C79DB80B39F9B8223FC59D9A73E2F64" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Lectotype (Designated by
<bibRefCitation id="889A8E910F3A57D5DA8E5AFBEA18CC8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zilch 1973</bibRefCitation>
). Niah, Baram (Sarawak, Borneo): SMF 215893a (not seen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ECEB37DF1B3F3DEA7CD09F9252D20A8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="031F4C619D829A0B0A30B5A96BF9D9FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF4E6E3673C8D7316DFB06A865ED30F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Trade Cave, Niah National Park, Niah, Sarawak (
<geoCoordinate id="63E5822955BDDBB5A809BE71DA23870A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="3.8188334">03°49.13'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="149592FB44573FA161DB16373C4A0DB0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="113.781">113°46.86'E</geoCoordinate>
): MZU/MOL 17.36. Great Cave, Niah National Park, Niah, Sarawak: MZU/MOL 17.37. Bukit Kaijin, Baram, Sarawak (
<geoCoordinate id="3B5B63149DD8ED3F3E520143754FBE25" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="3.6958332">03°41.75'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="462CB0EC44C141A51347CF23A4D51E09" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="114.45917">114°27.55'E</geoCoordinate>
): MZU/MOL 17.38, MZU/MOL 17.39, MZU/MOL 17.40, MZU/MOL 17.41, MZU/MOL 17.42, MZU/MOL 17.43, MZU/MOL 17.44, MZU/MOL 17.45, MZU/MOL 17.46, MZU/MOL 17.47, MZU/MOL 17.48, MZU/MOL 17.49, JJV 10217. Bukit Kasut, Niah N.P., Niah, Sarawak: JJV 10254. Niah N.P., Niah, Sarawak: JJV 1565, JJV 5466, JJV 10306, JJV 10392. Deer Cave, Mulu N.P., Mulu, Sarawak: JJV 10533 (the sample, approximately 150 individuals, also contains
<taxonomicName id="07960A90813D3C677C63CC880AEB2CDE" lsidName="G. muluensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="muluensis">G. muluensis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="909CE36FB3EC8E1A3EB078F381AFF786" lsidName="G. hadra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hadra">G. hadra</taxonomicName>
). Tatau river valley, Bukit Sarang, Bintulu, Sarawak: JJV 12551, JJV 12838. From
<bibRefCitation id="8A740BEB6152DC87F8587DB68FCB9387" author="Thompson, FG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 152" title="Non-marine mollusks of Borneo. II Pulmonata: Pupillidae, Clausiliidae. III Prosobranchia: Hydrocenidae, Helicinidae." url="https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/files/2114/7180/1931/Vol-29-No-3.PDF" volume="29" year="1983">Thompson and Dance 1983</bibRefCitation>
, Niah, Baram (Sarawak, Borneo): UF 35919, UF 36179 (not seen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="159896ABC97153CB4DAFBE022319C201" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="DD3EAA2F8D0C1200D6515051ECE159C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDA61D8BE102444294DF831F0009A7E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Protoconch. Color: orange to red. Sculpture: meshed - semi-oval mesh shape. Mesh width: 11-22
<normalizedToken id="09143FBBE5B7750D4B34A4F5365F2884" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. Teleoconch. Color: ranging from red to yellow. First whorl: convex to rounded. Subsequent whorls: convex to rounded. SH: 1.75-2.11 mm, SW: 1.48-1.75 mm, SI: 1.18-1.28. Total number of whorls: 2
<normalizedToken id="DACD15F570B62FC4B0AFF00B3BE4BDB2" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
-3. Shell sculpture. Radial sculpture: absent, only weak growth lines. Spiral sculpture: present with thin but strongly continuous spiral ribs, forming small acute scales near the suture. Scales: three to four spiral rows of tilted, nearly vertical scales, the upper series stronger than the lower ones, scale prominence ranging from high to low and from small and acute to broadly sculpted and ear-like. Scales are regularly spaced, as are the scale series themselves. Aperture. Shape: rounded to oval. Basal side: rounded, angular before the columellar region. Parietal side: curved. AH: 0.82-1.04 mm, AW: 1.02-1.17 mm, AI: 0.71-0.90.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E3F66661C84551259A6855C7DE18656A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<paragraph id="6ED87CB7AA091F09BA3B2FD9E1AF4754" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Figure 11.
<taxonomicName id="A9B7940908D3BFDF08D3522F826FA079" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrocenidae" genus="Georissa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Georissa kobelti" order="Cycloneritida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kobelti">Georissa kobelti</taxonomicName>
Gredler, 1902.
<normalizedToken id="6ED65A33C80E90F7C02E1733595DA290" originalValue="AC">A-C</normalizedToken>
MZU/MOL 17.40
<normalizedToken id="177D505EACAA40007F4172A8024F7561" originalValue="DK">D-K</normalizedToken>
MZU/MOL 17.38. A, D Shell apertural view B Shell side view C Shell rear view
<normalizedToken id="5744438E499576FE00B2609A7C55ECE2" originalValue="EF">E-F</normalizedToken>
Shell cross-section from 3D model
<normalizedToken id="318A2B30AD7D1942A4F3A6D7160A333E" originalValue="GH">G-H</normalizedToken>
Operculum frontal and ventral view I Shell top view J Protoconch side view K Close up of protoconch from top at 1000
<normalizedToken id="4C3B88AF7E644B971A7236D07C31555B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
magnification. Scale bars: 500
<normalizedToken id="02F9BEB01F1778BBC971D9DAD0F7AA6A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="CFE0F091608F9E562600AA2A67A79087" originalValue="AI">A-I</normalizedToken>
); 200
<normalizedToken id="BAFB033080270B7CB92211A505B6C757" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(J); 10
<normalizedToken id="C15197F473C7F9A7F20D4762CA3AF1AA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(K).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F5BEA4C5C7580B76F15C8AE9AF0BB8BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="cross diagnosis">
<paragraph id="632890C7E29139123E1D1D8F5E09891C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cross diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99446785247B0E38365FC7BFAA3A2DB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The image of the
<taxonomicName id="BDF9E4D2E7961D102D41D9CA9682D404" lsidName="G. kobelti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kobelti">G. kobelti</taxonomicName>
lectotype by
<bibRefCitation id="596350AA4900F4F66A7A9F628B5F4602" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zilch (1973)</bibRefCitation>
does not provide detailed information about the scale characters of
<taxonomicName id="67A19A4AD83B6FE33B59BCA87EE41DB3" lsidName="G. kobelti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kobelti">G. kobelti</taxonomicName>
as compared to the images of the individual from UF provided by
<bibRefCitation id="5C1662CFB92F55543253F9230B66BB64" author="Thompson, FG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 152" title="Non-marine mollusks of Borneo. II Pulmonata: Pupillidae, Clausiliidae. III Prosobranchia: Hydrocenidae, Helicinidae." url="https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/files/2114/7180/1931/Vol-29-No-3.PDF" volume="29" year="1983">Thompson and Dance (1983)</bibRefCitation>
, which clearly shows the diagnostic characters of the ear-like scale pattern of this species. In shell habitus,
<taxonomicName id="AD36BB8AE056608AC25DCC50154137A9" lsidName="G. kobelti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kobelti">G. kobelti</taxonomicName>
is similar to some populations of
<taxonomicName id="36FECD445CE7203F8D1180CEE9C19B62" lsidName="G. anyiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="anyiensis">G. anyiensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="172657AB44111107B11AB042C7403B9B" lsidName="G. saulae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="saulae">G. saulae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B23EAE5B10D58B7A9A72C3F83268F9D1" lsidName="G. hosei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hosei">G. hosei</taxonomicName>
, but these species differ from
<taxonomicName id="AB6313B10D24525B0F856260F8D7A3BA" lsidName="G. kobelti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kobelti">G. kobelti</taxonomicName>
by the pattern of their diagonal scales.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1464D66B842CEDA642851A186E4B5C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F2BA29A952AF13EA87A17A550CC89172" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC09BD1603BC5CE3C2B2E8D3468E85E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The lectotype in Senckenberg (SMF 215893a) was obtained from an unspecified location. As far as known, the species is restricted to the area of Niah to Baram, northern Sarawak.
<bibRefCitation id="9238C1DBA07D3BB59023D34455278513" author="Thompson, FG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 152" title="Non-marine mollusks of Borneo. II Pulmonata: Pupillidae, Clausiliidae. III Prosobranchia: Hydrocenidae, Helicinidae." url="https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/files/2114/7180/1931/Vol-29-No-3.PDF" volume="29" year="1983">Thompson and Dance (1983)</bibRefCitation>
also stated that they examined this species from Beluru, which is located between Niah and Baram.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EC744C4C56EB82A7D3C1FC874BA8128A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="molecular analysis">
<paragraph id="5C1371F6563DB6AD1713CC4F4572F4C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molecular analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="123F31087B1F0242A436EC0798C173A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In the ML and Bayesian analyses of
<taxonomicName id="844830F0C0D4D1C64FE3217A069C6D1C" lsidName="G. kobelti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kobelti">G. kobelti</taxonomicName>
(16S: n = 8; CO1: n = 8), the Niah and Baram populations form highly supported clades (99% and 100% BS, respectively, and 100% PP for both clades), which are paraphyletic with respect to
<taxonomicName id="5D027FE626CAD220D6139CB845564811" lsidName="G. niahensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="niahensis">G. niahensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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