226 lines
21 KiB
XML
226 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9b15909-ea61-40d7-ba04-325b8af91669" ID-PMC="PMC5674090" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-701-1" ID-PubMed="29118596" ID-ZBK="23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-701-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 701" ModsDocTitle="Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species" checkinTime="1506095869158" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A. & Dowling, Ashley P. G." docDate="2017" docId="941EF75F7EDC7A112B853401AB21E38E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 701: 1-496" docOrigin="ZooKeys 701" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261" docTitle="Torrenticola pendula Fisher & Dowling, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="C4DF2AEE-F6DC-4DD7-84A1-53A392532968" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="3D440132FFABFFFC1505FFA0FFDDEA09" masterDocTitle="Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="496" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668164828938" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, J. Ray</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Danielle M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nelson, Whitney A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dowling, Ashley P. G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>701</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>496</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-701-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="134839645" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C4DF2AEE-F6DC-4DD7-84A1-53A392532968" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/941EF75F7EDC7A112B853401AB21E38E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/C4DF2AEE-F6DC-4DD7-84A1-53A392532968" authority="Fisher & Dowling" class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola pendula" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendula">Torrenticola pendula Fisher & Dowling</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, Maine, Washington County, Old Stream, off Route 9, 5.5 km west of Route 192 at Wesley, 6 June 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120012.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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PARATYPES (1 ♀; 1 ♂): Maine, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Washington County, Old Stream, off Route 9, 5.5 km west of Route 192 at Wesley, 6 June 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120012
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♀ from Washington County, Old Stream, off Route 9, 5.5 km west of Route 192 at Wesley, 6 June 2012, by IM Smith, IMS120012.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type deposition">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type deposition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype (♀), allotype (♂) deposited in the CNC; paratype (1 ♀) deposited in the ACUA.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola pendula" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendula">Torrenticola pendula</taxonomicName>
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are similar to other members of the
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Rusetria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusetria" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rusetria</taxonomicName>
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"Eastern 2-Plates" group (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. biscutella" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="biscutella">T. biscutella</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. caerulea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="caerulea">T. caerulea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. delicatexa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="delicatexa">T. delicatexa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. indistincta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="indistincta">T. indistincta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. malarkeyorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="malarkeyorum">T. malarkeyorum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. sellersorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sellersorum">T. sellersorum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tysoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tysoni">T. tysoni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ululata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ululata">T. ululata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. whitneyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="whitneyae">T. whitneyae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. microbiscutella" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="microbiscutella">T. microbiscutella</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. feminellai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="feminellai">T. feminellai</taxonomicName>
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) in having anterio-lateral platelets fused to the dorsal plate, having dorsal coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions (except
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ululata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ululata">T. ululata</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. indistincta" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="indistincta">T. indistincta</taxonomicName>
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), and being distributed in the east. It is one of only four Eastern 2-Plates that have dark, bold, bluish-purple coloration (also
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tysoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tysoni">T. tysoni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. biscutella" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="biscutella">T. biscutella</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. sellersorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sellersorum">T. sellersorum</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pendula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pendula">T. pendula</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from other Eastern 2-Plates (except
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. whitneyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="whitneyae">T. whitneyae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. feminellai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="feminellai">T. feminellai</taxonomicName>
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) by having a more elongate gnathosomal bay (2.42-2.9 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pendula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pendula">T. pendula</taxonomicName>
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, 1.4-2.24 in others) and often by having a dorsal pattern of dark bluish-purple separated into anterior and posterior portions connected medially. In the
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Rusetria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusetria" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rusetria</taxonomicName>
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Complex only
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. whitneyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="whitneyae">T. whitneyae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. magnexa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnexa">T. magnexa</taxonomicName>
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(rarely) has a similar pattern.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pendula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pendula">T. pendula</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. magnexa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnexa">T. magnexa</taxonomicName>
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by having anterio-medial platelets fully fused to the dorsal plate (anterio-lateral platelets partially fused to the dorsal plate in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. magnexa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="magnexa">T. magnexa</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pendula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pendula">T. pendula</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. whitneyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="whitneyae">T. whitneyae</taxonomicName>
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by having a more elongate rostrum (length/width = 2.87-3.06 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pendula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pendula">T. pendula</taxonomicName>
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, 2.41-2.69 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. whitneyae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="whitneyae">T. whitneyae</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pendula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pendula">T. pendula</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. feminellai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="feminellai">T. feminellai</taxonomicName>
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by having less elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 2.78-3.05 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pendula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pendula">T. pendula</taxonomicName>
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; 3.63-4.11 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. feminellai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="feminellai">T. feminellai</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female (Figure 188) (n = 2) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (630-650 (630) long; 490-490 (490) wide) ovoid with bold purple coloration both anteriorly and posteriorly connected medially. Anterio-medial platelets (145-145 (145) long; 45-47.5 (47.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (170-177.5 (170) long; 62.5-75 (62.5) wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 350-350 (350)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.29-1.33 (1.29); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.40-1.40 (1.40); anterio-medial platelet length/width 3.05-3.22 (3.05); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.37-2.72 (2.72); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.17-1.22 (1.17).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (320-335 (335) long (ventral); 242-252 (252) long (dorsal); 147.5-147.5 (147.5) tall) colorless. Rostrum (127.5-137.5 (137.5) long; 42.5-45 (45) wide). Chelicerae (336-347 (347) long) with curved fangs (53-62 (62) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.17-2.27 (2.27); rostrum length/width 3.00-3.06 (3.06). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (45-47.5 (47.5) long); femur (102.5-107.5 (102.5) long); genu (67.5-71.25 (67.5) long); tibia (72.5-75 (75) long; 23.75-25 (25) wide); tarsus (17.5-17.5 (17.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.51-1.52 (1.52); tibia/femur 0.67-0.73 (0.73); tibia length/width 3.00-3.05 (3.00).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (770-800 (770) long; 532-557 (557) wide) with bold purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (187.5-195 (195) long; 75-77.5 (75) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (10-12.5 (12.5) long). Genital plates (180-186.25 (186.25) long; 168.75-172.5 (168.75) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (290-301 (290) long (total); 110-115 (115) long (medial)); Cx-3 (345-350 (346) wide); anterior venter (145-157.5 (145) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.42-2.60 (2.60); anterior venter/genital field length 0.78-0.88 (0.78); anterior venter length/genital field width 0.86-0.91 (0.86); anterior venter/medial suture 11.60-15.75 (11.60).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male (Figure 189) (n = 1) (allotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (500 long; 380 wide) ovoid with bold purple coloration separated into anterior and posterior portions. Anterio-medial platelets (130 long; 41.25 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (155 long; 62.5 wide) fused to dorsal plate. Dgl-4 much closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 275). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.32; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.38; anterio-medial platelet length/width 3.15; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.48; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.19.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (272.5 long (ventral); 197.5 long (dorsal); 110 tall) colorless. Rostrum (107.5 long; 37.5 wide). Chelicerae (280 long) with curved fangs 50 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.48; rostrum length/width 2.87. Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (38.75 long); femur (85 long); genu (58.75 long); tibia (62.5 long; 22.5 wide); tarsus (15 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.45; tibia/femur 0.74; tibia length/width 2.78.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (620 long; 430 wide) with faint purple coloration. Gnathosomal bay (152.5 long; 52.5 wide). Medial suture (72.5 long). Cxgl-4 subapical. Genital plates (126.25 long; 120 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (250 long (total); 100 long (medial)); Cx-3 (300 wide); anterior venter (207.5 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.90; anterior venter/genital field length 1.64; anterior venter length/genital field width 1.73; anterior venter/medial suture 2.86.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immatures unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Specific epithet (
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Arrenuridae" genus="Lebertioidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lebertioidea pendula" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendula">pendula</taxonomicName>
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) named for the swinging torture axe described in "The Pit and the Pendulum" by Edgar Allan Poe, most artistic depictions of which resemble the dorsal patterning on this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Known only from Washington County, Maine (Figure 187).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 187.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola pendula" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendula">Torrenticola pendula</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 188.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola pendula" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendula">Torrenticola pendula</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. female: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 189.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola pendula" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendula">Torrenticola pendula</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. male: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola pendula" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pendula">Torrenticola pendula</taxonomicName>
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groups with other members of the
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Rusetria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusetria" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rusetria</taxonomicName>
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Complex with high support. The two specimens (one male and one female) are 6.7% different in COI sequence from each other, suggesting each represents a separate species. However, in addition to similar overall appearance and occurring in the same sample, they also are indistinguishable in characters that are not usually sexually dimorphic (e.g., pedipalp proportions). Because of this, we consider these two specimens as the same species, despite the high COI variability.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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In all analyses,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pendula" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pendula">T. pendula</taxonomicName>
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groups with other eastern members of the
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Rusetria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rusetria" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rusetria</taxonomicName>
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Complex that have posterio-lateral platelets fused with the dorsal shield, but in both analyses the position of this species within that clade was not well-supported. This species was 17-18% different in COI sequence from sister species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Based upon overall similarity, fusion of the lateral platelets with the dorsal shield, phylogenetic position, and distribution, we were able to place this species in the Eastern 2-Plate Identification Group.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species hypothesis is supported by phylogenetic affinity, high divergence between species (17-18%), and by the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |