226 lines
36 KiB
XML
226 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.109621" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="016CB97A50FC5A97AE2CFA0C626E6AC3" ID-ZooBank="145575FB0BE7491688D02CA73D69B62C" ModsDocID="2193-0074-27-1-1" checkinTime="1704420804788" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Beurel, Simon, Bachelier, Julien B., Munzinger, Jerome, Shao, Fuchen, Hammel, Joerg U., Shi, Gongle & Sadowski, Eva-Maria" docDate="2024" docId="8F996F7A7EDD5A14A2D6645DD6C86AB0" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 27(1): 1-11" docOrigin="Fossil Record 27 (1)" docPubDate="2024-01-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.109621" docTitle="Cryptocarya sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="016CB97A50FC5A97AE2CFA0C626E6AC3" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="016CB97A50FC5A97AE2CFA0C626E6AC3" masterDocTitle="First flower inclusion and fossil evidence of Cryptocarya (Laurales, Lauraceae) from Miocene amber of Zhangpu (China)" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1704420804788" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="790930C6044480FA61478D943BBB2357">
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<mods:title id="6AEA49C61174649DD185CB8E6E444A52">First flower inclusion and fossil evidence of Cryptocarya (Laurales, Lauraceae) from Miocene amber of Zhangpu (China)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D161E2316CF5C54C0EFCDDC7DA1DE701">Beurel, Simon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6370C8B6666F2BDB2D3C33FCC1FF943E">Museum fuer Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7E623BC0FF2C6EAA16F98232D6DC1BD" type="email">simon.beurel@mfn.berlin</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="17589DA7C3E63962030A19C40349AA4E">Bachelier, Julien B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8165ACC2B31424155E973D2FBAAE8939" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-1615</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="39487CEEFF51195DE1884F78C0E14EEC">Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Biology / Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Altensteinstrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DA0C5EEE069A68DF0DB5840B84865747">Munzinger, Jerome</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F675500AD74CDF0E943A3FB8BED1140B">AMAP, Universite Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, 34000 Montpellier, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6EDEF531F9789446B1CCADCD4F9BE047">Shao, Fuchen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="74E86AF228E7BBDDE35A46994B179D15">Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Biology / Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Altensteinstrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3359457F19D3DF181BD5C3EF7D6EA494">Hammel, Joerg U.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D1AC58B6583D5B175E9CF7A8861E00EB">Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B22CA3516000B61643464D0DF6E01C1D">Shi, Gongle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="438FF7EA7D1C3B5DB72CBFBECAE9D124">State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="11C111BECE0DFCCCA98B3BDFE0BA535F">Sadowski, Eva-Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E41B88E48143A346141472DC2E765294" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9372-2851</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="72D258DECB565E294157C9146699C1B8">Museum fuer Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4D5E7999F31B69E9C34166B5CA4C5CEB">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BCFD47062F1891070C55450667127BAC">
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<mods:date id="659580B85A842CF7EBEA4FF10370C657">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D97D59EB427B611AE8112854EFFF3767">2024-01-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1AE7D2F59A1430EAB8CB468703ECBB17">27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4295A04C0B1B2B4144A8D1BC0D77F205" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C8F85DA056808AB2BE8A42FDFC7DF294">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="ED55183A331F95CA5462871632A33643">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A659A26D88CBFAB59129FDE53F87627F">11</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="DB5C8D3DCFB8CC783C1E46C619ACB2BF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.109621</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DA604248469AAE9C566F0C23F046C6C0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FC3E50598DC6B63F83BD7FB4E200C111" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.27.109621</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8F996F7A7EDD5A14A2D6645DD6C86AB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F996F7A7EDD5A14A2D6645DD6C86AB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F996F7A7EDD5A14A2D6645DD6C86AB0" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="944D65ABED05C3D587074D20E9D87FC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2B8BF451EE2C43488C83D33FD7335E0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="887A193FC2808604C548EFB19B739293" LSID="8F996F7A-7EDD-5A14-A2D6-645DD6C86AB0" authority="sp." authorityName="sp." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cryptocarya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptocarya" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cryptocarya sp.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="AF4EF7AAFA5A3E8A8002C9C169BD036B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="72FB68D90973D5321FC0ABDFDA805A29" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="8BD8F7F53769ACAD0894039795D01CD0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="5C577086706E0D325CAB7501524F0665" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Androecium of the Cryptocarya flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Stamens of the first and second whorl; B. Staminal glands; C. Stamens of the third whorl fused with the staminodes at the base of the filaments, forming a short staminal tube. Stamen of the first whorl - red; Stamen of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961913" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8C55363C7DED3C78491AFC43AB3D71D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="specimen studied">
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<paragraph id="900103E4600985E13C221BC5334AF817" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimen studied.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F3DFE5AB45B26B80D3794E9F573A8CE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">PB21525. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in China (NIGPAS).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="05B0E9C0A343073CFAA09A8FC1ED853D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="locality">
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<paragraph id="A8FBD9712D35EFBCD835B3DE5B842AF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D873B7CB7873FFF7251839525451CE27" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zhangpu County, Fujian Province, China.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B75C13CC73D656FE69954150C787A8DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="horizon and age">
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<paragraph id="BFF28E9F8DFE4B29E292CABF118A32EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Horizon and age.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D8B2A83293047D107C215CCC29EE5A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Middle part of the Fotan Group, Langhian (ca. 14.7-14.8 Ma), Middle Miocene.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9776303CDEEA881225E57622BAD7DE53" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4FDA9A15BD64C4260288253DE893E620" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="001AFCE51932325908DCF8D956D1247E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The flower is 3.11 mm long and 1.66 mm wide (without the pedicel, not preserved) (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="4A7FD89BC5AEAFB1118CA6BFB5362940" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1A, B</figureCitation>
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). It is perfect, polysymmetric, and comprises six tepals, nine stamens, and three staminodes, which are arranged in six trimerous and alternate whorls around the gynoecium (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="2F21134386E77FBB71B86C59479C0A33" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1C-G</figureCitation>
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). It is also perigynous with a hypanthium (1.71 mm long and 0.60 mm wide) that encloses the superior ovary and lowest third of the style entirely (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="B062227F5842D62B9F6385D5376C0795" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1D</figureCitation>
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). The position of perianth organs forming a narrow opening and of the apical flaps still covering the pollen sacs suggest a late pre-anthetic stage or early (female) anthetic phase.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="677F1E01586F5694488BC3A7F4CE5319" doi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph id="396B10EDB306482B641ADDCC952389ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="6D12303243217D6D9E52443E74516B90" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8A2DC047BEC4F720640CA266544EC3E3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cryptocarya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptocarya" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="63FBB2974BFF98634F4AF56426C4AC27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptocarya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB21525.
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<emphasis id="EBB034BC3D9C983B976860F7FAC770AB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.</emphasis>
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Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope;
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<emphasis id="152F29DB1A2355316D12D70BBA65EA58" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D.</emphasis>
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Virtual 3D reconstruction from segmented
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<normalizedToken id="EE6CBB5FB25E0F60616810AF0F1E3107" originalValue="SRµCT">SRµCT</normalizedToken>
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data;
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<emphasis id="F1754950356D130681722E927835268A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B.</emphasis>
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Overall flower;
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<emphasis id="3D648D5AE302D78190E8E1A2112EE18C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.</emphasis>
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Cross section;
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<emphasis id="3C6BF710E0BBD07BEB02F243FD26E587" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D.</emphasis>
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Longitudinal section;
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<emphasis id="FE8AF513F780A9EB55E8ADBAC39E78C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-G</emphasis>
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<normalizedToken id="37A8E305EE06BCF16718D196382F3A89" originalValue="SRµCT">SRµCT</normalizedToken>
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cross-sections, indicated in
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<emphasis id="8DE337CFF74BC02566F79D92D98DE952" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
and arranged from top to bottom;
|
|
<emphasis id="BFC330F3A50F7674C687E39215F396C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E.</emphasis>
|
|
Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads);
|
|
<emphasis id="5B04D4F1B1531570EEE2EB322F196A34" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.</emphasis>
|
|
Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe;
|
|
<emphasis id="C41E76A9168AD7C818EE70293EBCE3B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G.</emphasis>
|
|
Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="6564BE8B4E823767330B57341F87C3BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.4 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="9825CFD7A67C2011F11EBB27929ADE85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-F</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.3 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="E9C6A7D399BC67F43EE1DDE18004D617" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="3606A40782A2D1CB9FE361D451764F94" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The tepal lobes (1.72-2.04 mm long and 0.66-1.05 mm wide) are free and arranged in an outer and inner whorl, and share a similar narrowly ovate to elliptic shape and an acute tip (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="35F6E5E822A4E78252C94E125A86B725" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D168FB8079B22F875FC4E4297E4ACD62" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
All stamens are shorter than the tepals in length and have basifixed anthers with unilocular thecae opening by two slightly lobed to flattened apically attached or hinged flaps (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="B6D0CDEF25E49A2414543C34C6340838" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1C-E</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="7BE257EA0C6C87A7D0BFF0F16A61489C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Androecium of the Cryptocarya flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Stamens of the first and second whorl; B. Staminal glands; C. Stamens of the third whorl fused with the staminodes at the base of the filaments, forming a short staminal tube. Stamen of the first whorl - red; Stamen of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961913" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Stamens of the first and second whorls have introrse, ovate and incurved anthers (ca. 0.57-0.68 mm long and 0.40-0.50 mm wide). Their filaments are adnate to a tepal lobe (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="CF680F805D3E732275D8E2C8DFCE8590" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1F</figureCitation>
|
|
) and distinctly shorter than their anthers (ca. 0.25-0.48 mm long and 0.08-0.11 mm wide). Three pairs of large glands are inserted on the hypanthium rim, between the united bases of the tepals and filaments (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="13143FCA1AE5210A33FC3DFEDD24D44C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1D</figureCitation>
|
|
). These glands are formed by a subglobose distal part (ca. 0.34-0.56 mm long and 0.29-0.38 mm wide) and a long stalk (ca. 0.31-0.40 mm long and 0.09-0.12 mm wide; Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="0A54C866305F2C06F66C7D8EEB13A487" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="2963D9C7C720EDAE2858197101641F3F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Androecium of the Cryptocarya flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Stamens of the first and second whorl; B. Staminal glands; C. Stamens of the third whorl fused with the staminodes at the base of the filaments, forming a short staminal tube. Stamen of the first whorl - red; Stamen of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961913" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Stamens of the third whorl have latero-extrorse, erect and narrow anthers (ca. 0.68-0.75 mm long and 0.37-0.39 mm wide). The filaments are just about as long as their anthers (ca. 0.64-0.74 mm long and 0.09-0.14 mm wide) and their bases form, together with those of the staminodes, a short staminal tube projecting beyond the rim of the hypanthium (ca. 0.13 mm long and 0.45 mm wide; Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="761E4EBCFF730C131B4CEC30E6395570" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1D, G</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="DA5E34D265E56844E8D9211C8130539E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Androecium of the Cryptocarya flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Stamens of the first and second whorl; B. Staminal glands; C. Stamens of the third whorl fused with the staminodes at the base of the filaments, forming a short staminal tube. Stamen of the first whorl - red; Stamen of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961913" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2C</figureCitation>
|
|
). The staminodes have a sagittate (triangular-ovate and acuminate) sterile anther and a short and stout filament (ca. 0.60-0.65 mm long and 0.38-0.40 mm wide and 0.31-0.41 mm long and 0.15 mm wide respectively; Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="3DD7EE53807EC537439BA98E18583E2A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1D, F-G</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="BBC21A1896DC41BB4E05CCF2792751C0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Androecium of the Cryptocarya flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Stamens of the first and second whorl; B. Staminal glands; C. Stamens of the third whorl fused with the staminodes at the base of the filaments, forming a short staminal tube. Stamen of the first whorl - red; Stamen of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B-C)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961913" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="5C2885CCDCF1C3BB131DB98B2C527B29" doi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961913" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph id="CED016726882AB6C378C649A63E8026F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="1C76B4E9D95ACB9113F3C7C666396EC6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
Androecium of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D351BB794D64A6B773303C09ACF49B3C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Cryptocarya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptocarya" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="004C23C24FF60D1A203DDFC0A18682BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cryptocarya</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB21525.
|
|
<emphasis id="8C280C8CF9EB96DAF489B4768A9F5AC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.</emphasis>
|
|
Stamens of the first and second whorl;
|
|
<emphasis id="E3DD4267E74F6371BA3CFAC95B047CB9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B.</emphasis>
|
|
Staminal glands;
|
|
<emphasis id="504A4C47E156221D82E1CF6A53228C54" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.</emphasis>
|
|
Stamens of the third whorl fused with the staminodes at the base of the filaments, forming a short staminal tube. Stamen of the first whorl - red; Stamen of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="E43F240378488742AB25DE11C160EAA3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.3 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="FFFC52EB0E18C16AFBD7DA48095622A8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-C</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="2B645DC233A1DEAEF2A3129CDB3CC29D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The gynoecium consists of a single carpel (ca. 2.03 mm long). The slender superior ovary (1.22 mm long and 0.18 mm wide) is entirely enclosed in the hypanthium. The style (ca. 0.81 mm long and 0.14 mm wide) ends in an inconspicuous stigma (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="6C043D8BAF6DDF90184384D0C693F7CB" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1D</figureCitation>
|
|
). The ovary has a single locule and an apical pendulous ovule (ca. 0.71 mm long and 0.16 mm wide).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1ACBCACD4C9EA766A213D8435DDDB5CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The flower is densely pubescent with appressed simple acute trichomes covering all organs, except for the inner surface of the distal part of the hypanthium, the fertile and sterile anthers and the gynoecium (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="33615A1A10CB15D4B72051066541C149" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Cryptocarya fossil flower from Miocene Zhangpu amber, PB 21525. A. Overview of the flower inclusion, taken under the light microscope; B-D. Virtual 3 D reconstruction from segmented SRµCT data; B. Overall flower; C. Cross section; D. Longitudinal section; E-G SRµCT cross-sections, indicated in D and arranged from top to bottom; E. Bilocular anthers with two valves and laterally fused pollen sacs (septa indicated by white arrowheads); F. Style, staminodes, glands, and the filaments of the fertile stamens adnate to a tepal lobe; G. Short staminal tube resulting from the fusion of the third whorl of stamens with the whorl of staminodes. Perianth - grey; Stamens of the first whorl - red; Stamens of the second whorl - orange; Stamens of the third whorl - beige; Anther valves - white; Staminal glands - pink; Staminodes - yellow; Gynoecium - purple; Ovule - blue. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-D); 0.4 mm (E-F); 0.3 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.27.109621.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/961912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |